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Journal articles on the topic 'Load flows'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ramanathan, R., and R. Natarajan. "Decoupled load referenced power flows." Electric Power Systems Research 13, no. 3 (1987): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(87)90005-8.

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2

Han, Tianhe, Yue Zheng, and Guangcai Gong. "Exergy analysis of building thermal load and related energy flows in buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 9 (2015): 1257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15612881.

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In this study, the exergy analysis method was extended to analyse the building thermal load and related energy flows, aiming to investigate the exergy loss as well as improvement potential for building design and analysis. Five office buildings in five major climate zones in China were taken as case studies for the analysis. The building thermal loads and related energy flows were calculated and analysed using the exergy analysis method. Results show that the building exergy load is relatively low compared to the building thermal energy load. However, it is always met by consuming energy of hi

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3

Ketabi, Shiva, Matthew Buckley, Parsa Pazhooheshy, Faraz Farahvash, and Yashar Ganjali. "Correlation-Aware Flow Consolidation for Load Balancing and Beyond." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 49, no. 4 (2022): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3543146.3543170.

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Existing load balancing solutions rely on direct or indirect measurement of rates (or congestion) averaged over short periods of time. Sudden fluctuations in flow rates can lead to significant undershooting/ overshooting of target link loads. In this paper, we make the case for taking variations and correlations of flows into account in load balancing. We propose correlation-aware flow consolidation, i.e. aggregating inversely correlated (or uncorrelated) flows into superflows and using them as building blocks for load balancing. Superflows are smoother than individual flows, and thus are easi

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4

Ribberink, Jan S. "Bed-load transport for steady flows and unsteady oscillatory flows." Coastal Engineering 34, no. 1-2 (1998): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3839(98)00013-1.

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5

Maria, G. A., A. H. Yuen, and J. A. Findlay. "Control variable adjustment in load flows." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 3, no. 3 (1988): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.14533.

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6

Löhner, Rainald, Fumiya Togashi, and Joseph David Baum. "Load balancing for chemically reacting flows." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 12 (2017): 2768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2017-0119.

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Purpose A common observation made when computing chemically reacting flows is how central processing unit (CPU)-intensive these are in comparison to cold flow cases. The update of tens or hundreds of species with hundreds or thousands of reactions can easily consume more than 95% of the total CPU time. In many cases, the region where reactions (combustion) are actually taking place comprises only a very small percentage of the volume. Typical examples are flame fronts propagating through a domain. In such cases, only a small fraction of points/cells needs a full chemistry update. This leads to

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7

Batseva, Natalia L., and Aleksandr K. Zhuykov. "Automatic loading method for studying a correction effect of static voltage load characteristics on limited active power flows." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 336, no. 6 (2025): 185–93. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2025/6/5117.

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Relevance. New equipment and sophisticated industrial technologies, adapted at load nodes, require an identification of static load voltage characteristics according to experimental measurements, and the correction of their coefficients in computational models. The correction is carried out as soon as static load voltage characteristics are identified, but a correction effect on limit active power flows is not practically researched, although, maximum permissible active power flows at sections depend on them directly. The slowing cause is the existing loading method, having disadvantages. Ther

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8

Razavi, Amir Reza, and Hassan Ahmadi. "Numerical Modelling of Flow in Morning Glory Spillways Using FLOW-3D." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 10 (2017): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030928.

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Suspended load amount with flow is one of the factors which are disregarded in designing morning glory spillways. It is due to the fact that physical modeling of sediment load with flood flow is very difficult and costly. Suspended sediments load with flow can change the density of passing water, leading to changing most of assumptions existing in spillways' design. With its unique potential to model dense flows and flows contain suspended loads, numerical model of FLOW-3D can provide valuable information in this regard. In the present study, flow was calibrated and validated using FLOW-3D thr

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9

BOSE, Sujit K., and Subhasish DEY. "Suspended load in flows on erodible bed." International Journal of Sediment Research 24, no. 3 (2009): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6279(10)60006-6.

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10

Andreasson, P., and A. Sellgren. "River Flow with Excessive Suspended Sediment Load." Hydrology Research 17, no. 4-5 (1986): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0029.

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River flows with high volume concentrations (20-50%) of silty sediments generally imply that the mixture has non-Newtonian properties. In this study, the rheological behaviour of mixtures with solids particles smaller than 0.1 mm was identified experimentally with viscosimeters. Characteristic flow parameters, such as energy losses and depths, were then determined in several examples for turbulent open channel flows.

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11

Badalyan, N. P., D. P. Andrianov, A. A. Mitrofanov, E. A. Chashchin, S. A. Balashova, and G. V. Maslakova. "Power flows in multi-junction power supply circuits." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133601008.

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The article discusses a methodology that allows for an accurate calculation of the parameters of electrical equipment from the point of view of optimizing the power supply system. Taking into account the characteristics of transients processes makes it possible to select equipment in maximum load modes. Modeling of power flows caused by changes in the load of consumers is carried out on the example of calculating the power supply circuit of five junctions. It is shown that it is possible to change the direction of flows of transmitted electric power at certain ratios of parameters in individua

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12

Huang, Ran, Jingliang Zhang, Yuanzhen Hu, et al. "Coarse-Grained Load Balancing with Traffic-Aware Marking in Data Center Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (October 19, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9594517.

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In the data center environment, meeting the dissimilar requirements of transmission performance for long and short data flows is crucial for guaranteeing the data center service quality. It is well known that optimizing the network transmission performance is the key. Abundant research studies have reported that designing an effective load-balancing scheme can boost the network performance by enhancing the path utilization of multirooted data center networks. Unfortunately, the existing data center load-balancing schemes fail to provide satisfying flow-level transmission performance since they

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13

Et. al., Venkatesh E. ,. "Current Harmonics Reduction In Microgrids Using Dual Interfacing Converters." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 1647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1450.

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The Growing Installation of Distributed Generation (DG) units in low voltage conveyance frameworks has promoted the idea of nonlinear load symphonious current remuneration utilizing multi-utilitarian DG interfacing converters. In appropriation frameworks, the load has been an unexpected increment or diminishes and it resembles as nonlinear loads so the load draw non-sinusoidal flows from the AC mains and causes the load sounds and responsive power, and over the top impartial flows that give contamination in power frameworks. It is investigated in this paper that the pay of neighborhood load sy

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14

Fancy, C., and M. Pushpalatha. "Traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing for software defined networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2211-2218.

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Servers in data center networks handle heterogenous bulk loads. Load balancing, therefore, plays an important role in optimizing network bandwidth and minimizing response time. A complete knowledge of the current network status is needed to provide a stable load in the network. The process of network status catalog in a traditional network needs additional processing which increases complexity, whereas, in software defined networking, the control plane monitors the overall working of the network continuously. Hence it is decided to propose an efficient load balancing algorithm that adapts SDN.

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15

C., Fancy, and Pushpalatha M. "Traffic-aware adaptive server load balancing for softwaredefined networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 2211–18. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2211-2218.

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Servers in data center networks handle heterogeneous bulk loads. Load balancing, therefore, plays an important role in optimizing network bandwidth and minimizing response time. A complete knowledge of the current network status is needed to provide a stable load in the network. The process of network status catalog in a traditional network needs additional processing which increases complexity, whereas, in software defined networking, the control plane monitors the overall working of the network continuously. Hence it is decided to propose an efficient load balancing algorithm that adapts SDN

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16

LYAPIN, S. A., Y. N. RIZAEVA, D. A. KADASEV, and N. V. VORONIN. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRAFFIC FLOW CONTROL ON THE LOADS OF THE MAIN LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS AND THE CAPACITY OF BRIDGES." World of transport and technological machines 77, no. 2 (2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-77-2-27-35.

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The article shows the influence of such methods of traffic flow management as limiting the speed of vehicles on the loads of the main load-bearing elements and the capacity of bridge structures on the example of the Oktyabrsky Bridge in Lipetsk. To determine the density of traffic flow and the load on the bridge structure, to collect information about the parameters of traffic flows, road traf-fic simulation is used. The vertical moving load on the bridge is calculated.

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17

Mu, He-Qing, Qin Hu, Hou-Zuo Guo, Tian-Yu Zhang, and Cheng Su. "Uncertainty Quantification of Load Effects under Stochastic Traffic Flows." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 01 (2018): 1940009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419400091.

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Load effect characterization under traffic flow has received tremendous attention in bridge engineering, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) of load effect is critical in the inference process. Bayesian probabilistic approach is developed to overcome the unreliable issue caused by negligence of uncertainty of parametric and modeling aspects. Stochastic traffic load simulation is conducted by embedding the random inflow component into the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NS) model, and load effects are calculated by stochastic traffic load samples and influence lines. Two levels of UQ are performed for tra

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18

Wallace, Jim, Lachlan Stewart, Aaron Hawdon, Rex Keen, Fazlul Karim, and Joseph Kemei. "Flood water quality and marine sediment and nutrient loads from the Tully and Murray catchments in north Queensland, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 11 (2009): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08356.

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Current estimates of sediment and nutrient loads from the Tully–Murray floodplain to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon are updated by taking explicit account of flood events. New estimates of flood discharge that include over-bank flows are combined with direct measurements of sediment and nutrient concentrations in flood waters to calculate the loads of sediment and nutrient delivered to the ocean during 13 floods that occurred between 2006 and 2008. Although absolute concentrations of sediment and nutrient were quite low, the large volume of water discharged during floods means that they make a

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19

Arrillaga, J., and C. D. Callaghan. "Three phase AC-DC load and harmonic flows." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 6, no. 1 (1991): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.103743.

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20

Arrilla, J., and C. D. Callaghan. "Three Phase AC-DC Load and Harmonic Flows." IEEE Power Engineering Review 11, no. 1 (1991): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1991.88662.

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21

Kim, Y. "Numerical simulation of sloshing flows with impact load." Applied Ocean Research 23, no. 1 (2001): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1187(00)00021-3.

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22

Qi Zhang, Ningfang Mi, A. Riska, and E. Smirni. "Performance-Guided Load (Un)balancing under Autocorrelated Flows." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 19, no. 5 (2008): 652–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2007.70775.

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23

Shaikh, Anees, Jennifer Rexford, and Kang G. Shin. "Load-sensitive routing of long-lived IP flows." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 29, no. 4 (1999): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/316194.316225.

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24

Bernshtein, A. I. "Control of load flows with an intermediate hopper." Soviet Mining Science 26, no. 3 (1990): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02499725.

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25

Köhler, Ekkehard, and Martin Skutella. "Flows over Time with Load-Dependent Transit Times." SIAM Journal on Optimization 15, no. 4 (2005): 1185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s1052623403432645.

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26

Matta, Ibrahim, Azer Bestavros, and Marwan Krunz. "Load Profiling Based Routing for Guaranteed Bandwidth Flows." European Transactions on Telecommunications 10, no. 2 (1999): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460100207.

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27

Tang, Jun Yong, and Hai Yan Hao. "An Optimizing Strategy of Load Balancing Based on MSTP." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2221.

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With Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) defined in IEEE802.1s, the Common Spanning Tree (CST) and additional Spanning Trees could be configured to take on load balancing in switch networks. For achieving balance distribution in traffic flows, we proposed an optimizing strategy to determine the MSTP parameters configuration in single regions. The strategy optimizes load balancing and shows its efficiency through computational results of instances. We compared the MSTP solutions in various flow load instances, and the result shows that the optimizing strategy takes an efficient load balancin

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28

WIERZBICKA, Aleksandra, and Mariusz KMIECIK. "Abnormal load transport in the context of urban logistics." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.35.

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Purpose: The goal of the article is to present oversized transport in the context of urban logistics as the impact of available urban infrastructure, documentation and means of transport on the flow of oversized cargo between the place of loading and the place of receipt. Abnormal load transportation is carried out with the use of public and private roads. It affects the infrastructure and safety of the city through which it takes place, because usually a given section of the road is not excluded during the journey. Design/methodology/approach: The article is based on a broad analysis of Polis

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29

Liu, Yazhi, Jiye Zhang, Wei Li, Qianqian Wu, and Pengmiao Li. "Load Balancing Oriented Predictive Routing Algorithm for Data Center Networks." Future Internet 13, no. 2 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13020054.

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A data center undertakes increasing background services of various applications, and the data flows transmitted between the nodes in data center networks (DCNs) are consequently increased. At the same time, the traffic of each link in a DCN changes dynamically over time. Flow scheduling algorithms can improve the distribution of data flows among the network links so as to improve the balance of link loads in a DCN. However, most current load balancing works achieve flow scheduling decisions to the current links on the basis of past link flow conditions. This situation impedes the existing link

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30

Huang, Kai, Jingkang Wu, Xiaowen Jiang, et al. "A Period-Aware Routing Method for IEEE 802.1Qbv TSN Networks." Electronics 10, no. 1 (2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010058.

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The IEEE 802.1Qbv standard provides deterministic delay and low jitter guarantee for time-critical communication using a precomputed cyclic transmission schedule. Computing such transmission schedule requires routing the flows first, which significantly affects the quality of the schedule. So far off-the-shelf algorithms like load-balanced routing, which minimize the maximum scheduled traffic load (MSTL), have been used to accommodate more time-triggered traffic. However, they do not consider that the bandwidth utilization of periodic flows is decentralized and their criteria for bottleneck of

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31

Barkalov, Alexander, Oleksandr Lemeshko, Anatoliy Persikov, Oleksandra Yeremenko, and Larysa Titarenko. "Evaluation of Traffic Engineering Routing Models Based on Type of Service in Communication Networks." Electronics 13, no. 18 (2024): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183638.

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This article is devoted to enhancing the mathematical models for traffic engineering routing and load balancing to ensure differentiated quality of service for packet flows with varying priorities in communication networks. The research focuses on formulating updated load-balancing conditions considering packet-flow priorities and conducting a comparative analysis of different models to identify the most effective solution. The study introduces a multipath routing model based on the type of service and presents numerical research to evaluate the proposed solutions in varying network conditions

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32

Redina, Margarita M., and Aleksandr P. Khaustov. "First results of assessment of transport pressure on the RUDN University campus and the South-West Forest Park." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 30, no. 1 (2022): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2022-30-1-86-91.

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Preliminary results of the evaluation of transport pollution of the RUDN University campus (Moscow) and adjacent forest park are presented. These objects are under the conditions of intensive road and highway impact. The assessment of the load is carried out on the basis of data from the environmental monitoring system in operation since 2017, information from the accounting of vehicles on highways, using specific emission indicators (established experience). The territory is considered as a representative experimental ground for studying and modeling the flows of various types and forms of po

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33

Gu, Jiqing, Chao Song, Haipeng Dai, Lei Shi, Jinqiu Wu, and Li Lu. "ACM: Accuracy-Aware Collaborative Monitoring for Software-Defined Network-Wide Measurement." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207932.

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Software-defined measurement (SDM) is a simple and efficient way to deploy measurement tasks and collect measurement data. With SDM, it is convenient for operators to implement fine-grained network-wide measurements at the flow level, from which many important functions can benefit. The prior work provides mechanisms to distribute flows to monitors, such that each monitor can identify its non-overlapped subset of flows to measure, and a certain global performance criterion is optimized, such as load balance or flow coverage. Many applications of network management can benefit from a function t

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34

Emmanuel., A. Anazia, N. Samuel` Onyedikachi, and O. Rebecca Obroh. "Estimating Nigerian Power System Post Contingency Line Flows Using Power Distribution Factors." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 1287–305. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18854.

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At the point of convergence of any power system AC load flow iterative method, the principal bus parameters necessary to compute the transmission line flows and losses are provided. The exactness and accuracy of the result depends largely on the iterative method and the iteration termination criteria and each operating condition requires a unique solution of the analysis. State estimation techniques are also viable alternatives to AC load flow techniques in estimating network bus parameters from a known state but the speed of estimation is comparatively similar to the AC counterpart. However,

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35

Ohata, Koji, Hajime Naruse, and Norihiro Izumi. "Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads." Earth Surface Dynamics 11, no. 5 (2023): 961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023.

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Abstract. Plane beds develop under flows in fluvial and marine environments; they are recorded as parallel lamination in sandstone beds, such as those found in turbidites. However, whereas turbidites typically exhibit parallel lamination, they rarely feature dune-scale cross-lamination. Although the reason for the scarcity of dune-scale cross-lamination in turbidites is still debated, the formation of dunes may be dampened by suspended loads. Here, we perform, for the first time, linear-stability analysis to show that flows with suspended loads facilitate the formation of plane beds. For a fin

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36

Li, Na, Yue Zhao, Ning Hu, and Jing Teng. "Disruption-Free Load Balancing for Aerial Access Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (May 23, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9926619.

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A fundamental issue of 6G networks with aerial access networks (AAN) as a core component is that user devices will send high-volume traffic via AAN to backend servers. As such, it is critical to load balance such traffic such that it will not cause network congestion or disruption and affect users’ experience in 6G networks. Motivated by the success of software-defined networking-based load balancing, this paper proposes a novel system called Tigris, to load balance high-volume AAN traffic in 6G networks. Different from existing load balancing solutions in traditional networks, Tigris tackles

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37

Kobayashi, Hiromichi, Hiroki Shionoya, and Yoshihiro Okuno. "Turbulent duct flows in a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generator." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 713 (October 17, 2012): 243–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.456.

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AbstractWe numerically assess the influence of non-uniform magnetic flux density and connected load resistance on turbulent duct flows in a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical power generator. When increasing the magnetic flux density (or Hartmann number), an M-shaped velocity profile develops in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field; the maximum velocity in the sidewall layer of the M-shaped profile increases to maintain the flow rate. Under the conditions of a relaminarized flow, the turbulence structures align along the magnetic field and flow repeatedly like a von Kár

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38

Faritha Ba, J., and V. Ramachandr. "An MPLS based Load Balancing Technique for VoIP flows." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 5 (2013): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.926.934.

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39

TU, Haizhou, Nobuyuki TAMAI, and Yoshihisa KAWAHARA. "Diffusion of Suspended Load in Unsteady Open-Channel Flows." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 37 (1993): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.37.373.

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40

López P., E., C. Fernández M., and E. Salazar H. "Analytical Solution of Stochastic Load Flows in Network Planning." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 7 (1985): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60459-2.

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41

Neyer, A. F., F. F. Wu, and K. Imhof. "Local Processing of Load Flows Using Object Oriented Programming." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 11 (1988): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)53725-8.

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42

Kurban, Esma, Dalila Vescovi, and Diego Berzi. "Crystallization in load-controlled shearing flows of monosized spheres." Soft Matter 21 (January 8, 2025): 2049–58. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM01359J.

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Identical, inelastic spheres crystallize when sheared between two parallel, bumpy planes under a constant load larger than a minimum value. We investigate the effect of the inter-particle friction coefficient of the sheared particles on the flow dynamics and the crystallization process with discrete element simulations. If the imposed load is about the minimum value to observe crystallization in frictionless spheres, adding small friction to the granular assembly results in a shear band adjacent to one of the planes and one crystallized region, where a plug flow is observed. The ordered partic

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43

Martínez-Peñaloza, Alejandra, German Osma-Pinto, and Gabriel Ordoñez-Plata. "Performance analysis of power flow strategies adjusted to a distribution network with non-linear loads and a PV system." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.254.

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In analysing power flows, computational strategies and tools are used to study electrical networks considered illconditioned by characteristics such as radial topology, load unbalance, and distributed generation. However, these techniques do not consider harmonic distortion that power electronics devices recently injected into electrical networks. For this reason, this work presents a comparison of the results of three strategies for solving harmonic power flows, where each one of them uses a specific load model in the frequency domain to represent nonlinear loads and a photovoltaic system ins

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44

Ullah, Ibrar, Irshad Hussain, Khalid Rehman, Piotr Wróblewski, Wojciech Lewicki, and Balasubramanian Prabhu Kavin. "Exploiting the Moth–Flame Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Load Management of the University Campus: A Viable Approach in the Academia Sector." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103741.

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Unbalanced load condition is one of the major issues of all commercial, industrial and residential sectors. Unbalanced load means that, when different loads are distributed on a three-phase four-wire system, unequal currents pass through the three phases. Due to it, a heavy current flows in the neutral wire, which not only adds the losses, but also puts constraints on three phases’ loads. In this paper, we have presented a practical approach for load balancing. First, we have considered the existing three-phase load system where the supply is a three-phase unbalanced supply. Before balancing t

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45

Jaszczur, Marek, Qusay Hassan, and Janusz Teneta. "Temporal load resolution impact on PV/grid system energy flows." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824004003.

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In this paper, an investigation of the electrical load temporal resolution on the PV/Grid energy system flows, and self-consumption is done in order to determine the optimum parameters for modelling and simulation. The analysed PV/Grid power systems include a photovoltaic system with the nominal power of Pmax@STC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5 kW without storage unit connected to the grid. The results show that the temporal load resolution may have a high impact on energy flows as well as can be a critical issue for the system analysis accuracy even for the single household. It has been found that the load tem

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46

Kriechbaum, Lukas, Philipp Gradl, Romeo Reichenhauser, and Thomas Kienberger. "Modelling Grid Constraints in a Multi-Energy Municipal Energy System Using Cumulative Exergy Consumption Minimisation." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153900.

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Efficiency measures and the integration of renewable energy sources are key to achieving a sustainable society. The cumulative exergy consumption describes the resource consumption of a product from the raw material to the final utilisation. It includes the exergy expenses for energy infrastructure as well as the imported energy. Since consumers and renewable potentials are usually in different locations, grid restrictions and energy flows have a significant impact on the optimal energy system design. In this paper we will use cumulative exergy minimisation together with load flow calculations

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Pankov, V. Yu. "New Procedure to Calculate the Load on the Roadway." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 1 (2022): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-1-10.

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Presence of a developed transport and logistics system that provides year-round cargo and passenger transportation constitutes a necessary condition for intensive socio-economic development of any region.The only type of continuum transport capable of providing year-round transportation in natural and climatic conditions of the cryolithic zone, an integral part of which is the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is road transport.This is due to its compactness, mobility, ease of control and maintenance, as well as to a relatively low price, both for a single vehicle and for

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KOMAROV, A. A., and E. V. BAZHINA. "The impact of gas-dynamic flows accompanying emergency explosions on buildings and structures." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 1 (2022): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2022-1-84-92.

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In the article, using the example of a real explosive object, the methodology for determining the maximum dynamic load that forms during an emergency explosion is considered. The article shows that when determining the load from an emergency explosion, it should be considered that a deflagration explosion of a gas-air mixture occurs. It should be accepted that only a certain part of the combustible substance is involved in the explosion, which is determined as a result of solving the diffusion problem. Detonation explosion should be excluded from sources of explosive danger. A detonation explo

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Matoušek, Václav, and Jan Krupička. "On equivalent roughness of mobile bed at high shear stress." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 57, no. 3 (2009): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-009-0018-9.

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On equivalent roughness of mobile bed at high shear stressThe friction conditions at the top of a mobile bed are discussed for flows in the upper-plane-bed regime, i.e. for the flows with values of the bed Shields parameter larger than approximately 0.6. A special attention is devoted to flows of the bed Shields parameter bigger than 2. Experimental data for flows at high bed shear are collected from literature and new data are added from own measurements of flows of a 1.36-mm sand slurry in the 100-mm pipe loop of the Institute of Hydrodynamics. The database represents flows of very different

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Wint, Yu Yu Zaw. "Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Method." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 3 (2019): 1508–11. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23472.

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Power flow studies provide a systematic mathematical approach for determination of various bus voltages, there phase angle, active and reactive power flows through different branches, generators and loads under steady state condition. In this paper, the purpose of power flow analysis is to determine four bus system power flows. Case studies have been performed on Lawpita Taungoo Kamarnat Hlawga 230kV Line Myanmar . This paper presents a reliable method to meet the requirements by developing a Newton Raphson based load flow calculation program through which control setting of Shunt Compensator

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