Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low angle fibre diffraction

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Low angle fibre diffraction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Low angle fibre diffraction"

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James, Veronica. "A Review of Low Angle Fibre Diffraction in the Diagnosis of Disease." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 3, no. 2 (2013): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2013/2432.

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Holmes, K. C., and G. Rosenbaum. "How X-ray Diffraction with Synchrotron Radiation Got Started." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (1998): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597018578.

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The need to record low-angle-scattering X-ray fibre diagrams from muscle with millisecond time resolution drove the use of synchrotron radiation as an X-ray light source. The first smudgy diffraction patterns were obtained from a slice of insect flight muscle. Out of this grew the EMBL Outstation at DESY.
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Starink, Marco J., Shun Cai Wang, Nong Gao, H. Singh Ubhi, Cheng Xu, and Terence G. Langdon. "An EBSD Study of Texture and Grain Boundary Evolution in a Strongly Textured Aluminium Alloy during ECA Pressing." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.937.

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The texture and grain boundary evolution during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of a spray-cast Al-7034 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) alloy containing intermetallic particles with a range of sizes was studied through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Up to 8 passes of ECAP using route Bc were employed. The initial ECAP pass leads to the development of low angle grain boundaries and subsequent passes lead to a relatively rapid increase in the fraction of high angle grain boundaries. Before ECAP, the material possessed a strong <111> and <100> fibre texture. On ECAP, the <111> fib
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James, Veronica. "The Molecular Architecture for the Intermediate Filaments of Hardα-Keratin Based on the Superlattice Data Obtained from a Study of Mammals Using Synchrotron Fibre Diffraction". Biochemistry Research International 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/198325.

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High- and low-angle X-ray diffraction studies of hardα-keratin have been studied, and various models have been proposed over the last 70 years. Most of these studies have been confined to one or two forms of alpha keratin. This high- and low-angle synchrotron fibre diffraction study extends the study to cover all available data for all known forms of hardα-keratin including hairs, fingernails, hooves, horn, and quills from mammals, marsupials, and a monotreme, and it confirms that the model proposed is universally acceptable for all mammals. A complete Bragg analysis of the meridional diffract
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Sahoo, M., B. Mallick, S. Rout, and G. N. Dash. "Structural and Mechanical Strength of Proton Radiation Processed Polyethylene Terephthalate." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i1.43168.

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The change in structural and mechanical behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) due to 2.4 MeV proton has been studied. Radiation processing of PET polymer is carried out using different low doses such as 0.2, 2.0, and 20 kGy. The Physics of microstrain and radiation-induced mesophase formation are analysed. X-ray investigation indicates that proton-induced structural modification takes place in the material. Apart from usual diffraction peaks, a low intensity broad peak is observed at small angle of about 2q =10º, when the fibre axis is mounted parallel to the X-ray direction. Such peak
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AL-Khayat, Hind. "Modelling Oriented Macromolecular Assemblies from Low-Angle X-ray Fibre Diffraction Data with the Program MOVIE: Insect Flight Muscle as Example." Fibre Diffraction Review 12, no. 12 (2004): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1382/s20041250.

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Díaz-Fuentes, M., E. Novillo, Amaia Iza-Mendia, and Isabel Gutiérrez. "Cold Rolled Microstructure and Its Evolution during Recovery and First Recrystallisation Stages in Low Carbon Steels." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.241.

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During annealing of cold rolled steel sheets, the evolution of the texture, to produce the characteristic texture of a recrystallised material, depends on a series of factors, including the starting deformation texture, composition and processing conditions. In the present work, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques have been used to investigate the deformation substructures being developed by cold rolling into grains belonging to different texture components. The strain localisation, the deformation banding, the spread in orientation into grains with different orientations are
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Washusen, R., P. Ades, R. Evans, J. Ilic, and P. Vinden. "Relationships between Density, Shrinkage, Extractives Content and Microfibril Angle in Tension Wood from Three Provenances of 10-Year-Old Eucalyptus globulus Labill." Holzforschung 55, no. 2 (2001): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.029.

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Summary Density and microfibril angle (MFA) of tension wood and normal wood were assessed in the sapwood and heartwood, from three provenanaces of 10-year-old Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Density was measured using a modified saturation method that also enabled the calculation of the extractives lost during saturation. Microdensity and MFA were determined by SilviScan 2, a rapid X-ray densitometry and X-ray diffraction system developed at CSIRO. Significant differences were found in density and extractives between provenances and also density between the sapwood and adjacent heartwood from each
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Janicki, Jaroslaw. "Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies on the nanostructure of melt-processable molecular composites." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 4 (2003): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803008495.

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Novel melt-processable molecular composites were obtained from isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and liquid-crystalline oligoester (LCO). The nanostructure and thermal behaviour of molecular composites were examined by real-time synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction methods, and differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized oligoester, with low melting temperature (391 K), exhibits the ability to form a thermotropic mesophase. It was shown that strong rigid rod-like macromolecules of LCO are dispersed at the molecular scale in iPP matrix and act as reinforc
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Squire, John M., Carlo Knupp, Hind A. AL-Khayat, and J. Harford. "Millisecond Time-Resolved Low-angle X-ray Fibre Diffraction: A Powerful, High-Sensitivity Technique for Modelling Real-Time Movements in Biological Macromolecular Assemblies." Fibre Diffraction Review 11, no. 11 (2003): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1382/s20031128.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low angle fibre diffraction"

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Al-Hayalee, Yaseen Ahmed. "Neutron high angle fibre diffraction of biological and synthetic polymers." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357084.

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Morris, Darryl William Seymour. "Low angle protein phasing." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341631.

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Martin, Christopher M. "Studies of structural variation in synthetic organic polymers using X-ray fibre diffraction techniques at high temporal and spatial resolution." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327630.

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Stockford, Chloe Anne. "A structural analysis of H₂O on Cu{110} using a novel low flux Fibre-Optic LEED apparatus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609230.

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Drakos, I. "Optimisation of illicit drug detection using X-ray diffraction : drug identification using low angle X-ray scatter – DILAX III." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468928/.

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This thesis presents the design, optimisation and testing of a novel in-field system for illicit drug identification and its implementation to a fast-parcel environment using Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction and multivariate analysis. A major threat in security in recent years has been the transportation of illicit drugs into the United Kingdom through a variety of routes, and most predominantly via the postal system. X-ray diffraction’s low false alarm rate and reduced need for manual inspections had been found to improve screening effectiveness and detection performance, making it a viabl
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Liu, Yun 1973. "Studies of structure and dynamics of biological macro-molecular assemblies by low angle neutron diffraction and inelastic X-ray scattering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34438.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-148).<br>This thesis is organized into two parts which focus on the studies of the dynamic structure factor and static inter-particle structure factor respectively. In the first part, we have measured and analyzed the dynamic structure factors of aligned 40 wt% calfthymus Na-DNA molecules with the inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). In the second part, we have developed a new efficient method to calculate the inter-particle structure factor in a simple fl
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Zhang, Kaikai. "Atomic and Molecular dynamics in intense mid-infrared fields." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440204616.

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Vasseur, Guillaume. "Étude par ARPES et STS des propriétés éléctroniques de réseaux métalliques et organiques nanostructurés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0151/document.

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Dans ce travail nous démontrons, au travers de deux études, l'intérêt fondamental du couplage des techniques de photoémission résolue en angle (ARPES) et de spectroscopie tunnel (STS) dans l'analyse des propriétés électroniques d'interfaces nanostructurées. Dans la première partie, nous présentons une méthodologie permettant de déduire le potentiel de surface induit par la reconstruction triangulaire d'une monocouche d'Ag/Cu(111). Cette méthode est basée sur la mesure des gaps caractérisant la structure de bande de l'état de Shockley du système aux points de haute symétrie de la zone de Brillo
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Book chapters on the topic "Low angle fibre diffraction"

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Blanton, T., T. Huang, H. Toraya, et al. "JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data Low-AngLe Powder Diffraction Study of Silver Behenate." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1797-9_11.

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Iyengar, S. S., M. W. Santana, H. Windischmann, and P. Engler. "Analysis of Surface Layers and Thin Films by Low Incident Angle X-Ray Diffraction." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1935-1_55.

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Sugi, Haruo. "Special Talk: The Beginning of Low-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Work on Living Muscles." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_58.

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Heizmann, J. J., A. Vadon, D. Schlatter, and J. Bessières. "Texture Analysis of Thin Films and Surface Layers by Low Incidence Angle X-Ray Diffraction." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9110-5_37.

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Sreekantha Reddy, T., K. Mogulanna, P. Prasanna, P. Rama Subba Reddy, and B. Ramakrishna. "Effect of Fibre Volume Fraction and Ply Angle on Performance of Glass Composite Laminates Under Low Velocity Impact." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8807-5_20.

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Somashekar, R. "Crystal size and distortion parameters in fibres using Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS)." In Defect and Microstructure Analysis by Diffraction. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198501893.003.0030.

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Abstract Crystal size and paracrystalline disorder of the lattice, which exist in polymer crystals, contribute to the width of the diffraction peaks. Methods have been proposed for obtaining both quantities from the intensity profile (Hosemann and Bagchi, 1962; Guinier, 1963; Vainshtein, 1966). An excellent review of Fourier methods and integral breadth methods is given by Klug and Alexander (1974). The treatments used to estimate crystal size and distortion parameters are based on the Fourier analysis of line profiles (Warren and Averbach, 1952) or on variance analysis (Wilson, 1962b, 1963, 1968; Langford, 1965, 1968). A comparison of these two methods has been given by Balzar and Ledbetter (1993a). In fact, size-strain analysis in the case of high temperature superconductors has been carried out using these methods (Balzar, 1992; Petersen et al.,1992). Fourier methods that can be used with the profile of a single reflection have been proposed (Gangulee, 1974; Mignot and Rondot, 1975; Zocchi, 1980; Nandi et al.,1984), but these again rely heavily on low order coefficients. The integral breadth methods (Ramarao and Anantharaman, 1965; Nandi and Sen Gupta, 1978; de Keijser et al.,1982) are based on the assumption that the Cauchy function determines size and that the Gaussian function gives strain. The most widely used method of de Keijser et al.(1982) gives size and strain parameters from Cauchy and Gaussian parts of the Voigt function. It has been pointed out by Balzar and Ledbetter (1993b) that the Warren-Averbach method gives surface-weighted domain sizes and a mean square strain averaged over the same distance perpendicular to the diffracting planes, whereas integral breadth gives volume-weighted domain sizes and an upper limit of strain. Several attempts have also been made to estimate crystal size distribution using the statistical approximation method (Benedetti et al.,1988; Bonetto et al.,1990; Nicolae and Emil, 1990; Espinat et al.,1993). The extent of amorphous scattering in polymer fibres has been estimated by Narten et al.(1991) casting doubts on the accuracy of existing methods of crystal size determinations. Murthy and Minor (1990) and Dokter et al.(1994, 1995) have given general procedures for evaluating amorphous scattering from X-ray diffraction scans of semi-crystalline polymers. Recently, Lee et al.(1995) have estabilished the one-to-one relationship between the structure and property of fibres using wide-angle X-ray scattering studies.
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Berman, Helen M., and Bohdan Schneider. "Nucleic acid hydration." In Oxford Handbook of Nucleic Acid Structure. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198500384.003.0009.

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Abstract It is perhaps only a small exaggeration to say that the timing of the birth of modern molecular biology was dependent on selecting the DNA sample with the correct water content. Franklin and Gosling (1) first observed that as the humidity of the sample increased, the characteristics of the fibre diffraction pattern changed. The low humidity A-form was apparently more crystalline and was, therefore, the initial focus of their attention. However, the high humidity B-form was more interpretable because it yielded the characteristic helical diffraction pattern. Once attention was given to this form, the double helical structure of DNA was discovered (2).
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Kumar Chourasia, Ritesh, Nitesh K. Chourasia, and Narendra Bihari. "Optical Properties of Hollow-Core Bragg Fiber Waveguides." In Photonic Materials: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049756123010014.

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The propagation and dispersion properties of hollow-core Bragg fibre waveguides for both high and low refractive index contrasts of cladding materials are explored and compared in this chapter using two design wavelengths: 1550 nm in the near-infrared area and 632.8nm in the visible range. The boundary matching approach was used to build a relationship between the incoming and outgoing light waves employing the transfer matrix method. The observed photonic band gaps are somewhat substantial in high refractive index contrast cladding Bragg fibre waveguides, i.e. HRBFW, and low periodic cladding layers are required to achieve a perfect photonic bandgap. The spectrum range and spectral location of photonic band gaps in both HRBFW and low refractive index contrast cladding Bragg fibre waveguides, i.e. LRBFW, are substantially dependent on the angle of incidence of a light beam, i.e. the optical path of the incident light. The sensitivity of the Bragg fibre waveguide for sensing applications may be determined by measuring the thickness of the photonic bandgap or the spectral shift of the photonic bandgap. HRBFW seems to have a high sensitivity when considering the change in spectral bandwidth of photonic bandgap with core refractive index, which grows with increasing design wavelength. LRBFW has a much higher sensitivity than HRBFW when considering the LBE (Left band edge) and RBE (Right band edge), hence it is suggested for sensing applications. HRBFW directed a greater number of modes than LRBFW, according to the assessment of dispersion characteristics.
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Govindaraj, R. "Application of Powder X-Ray Diffraction Studies for Single Crystals." In CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS. Royal Book Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26524/225.2.

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Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) is an analytical technique that employs X-Rays to investigate the molecular and crystallographic structures of substances. This technique identifies phases, determines unit cells, and examines microstructure. When the incident X-Ray beam strikes the sample, it generates intense reflected Xrays via constructive interference, as long as the conditions satisfy Bragg’s Law. This law explains the correlation between the wavelength of the incoming X-rays, the angle at which the beam strikes, and the spacing of the atomic lattice planes. PXRD provides many benefits, such as non-destructive testing, high sensitivity and reliability, easy sample preparation, user-friendly systems, convenient operational processes, quick processing times, excellent resolution, low maintenance expenses, suitable automation features, and simple data interpretation, making it applicable for both qualitative and quantitative analyses in various fields. PXRD is a very useful technique in accessing the preferred orientation of the grown single crystals.
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Kelly, M. J. "Devices Ill: lasers, modulators, and detectors." In Low-Dimensional Semiconductors. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198517818.003.0018.

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Abstract In this chapter we discuss the components required to generate, control, and detect optical signals at wavelengths of order 0.8-1.5 µm. The growth of communication systems based on optical fibre as the transmission medium has been spectacular over the last two decades. In 1993 alone, 80 000 route kilometres of undersea cable was programmed for installation. The bandwidth is enormous when the carrier frequency is of order 300 THz, compared with the c.100 GHz in the last chapter, although one trades off propagation in free space there for that within a fixed link here. The optimum wavelengths for transmission in silica fibres are 1.3 µm and 1.55 µm corresponding respectively to a wavelength where two non-linear effects cancel each other and to a minimum in the absorption, both of which permit long-haul communications without significant distortion or weakenipg of the optical signals {Tsang 1985). This has led to the development of high-performance lasers at both wavelengths. With the discovery that erbium-doped fibres can act as lasers operating at 1.5 µm while pumped at 0.98 µm (Barnes et al. 1989), methods are being sought of pumping fibres with semiconductor lasers at a comparable wavelength. In the first part of this chapter, we describe the subsequent generations of lasers with reference to the GaAs-AIGaAs system (bulk GaAs lases at a wavelength of 0.86 µm determined by the bandgap), and then we apply some of the principles behind these lasers to those operating at longer wavelengths. The storage and reading of data by optical means is another major area of application. At present GaAs-based lasers (costing less than £0.1 each!) are used. The optical systems for writing and reading digital information are limited by diffraction effects, and so ever-shorter wavelengths are required for increased data storage density. GaAllnP-based red lasers are available. Most recently the effort to produce semiconductor laser diodes that operate in the visible has paid off with initial reports of (low-temperature) lasers in the blue and green (Haase et al. 1991, Jeon et al. 1992).
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Conference papers on the topic "Low angle fibre diffraction"

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Cho, Kyehyun, Y. J. Park, Young Kuk, and T. Sakurai. "BTA Inhibition Mechanism on Clean Cu(110) Surface by Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy(UPS) and Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM)." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98245.

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Abstract Adsorption and film growth of the Benzotriazole (BTA) on a copper (110) surface were investigated by the angle-resolved ultra-violet photoemission (UPS), and scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Coverage dependence of the BTA adsorbed structure on the Cu (110) surface exhibited well-ordered c(4x2)structure by STM image and sharp low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern. Further deposition of BTA on monolayer film, polymerized BTA images were observed while a sharp LEED pattern changed to a c(4x2). In a good agreement with STM results, UPS spectra of BTA film by coverage dependen
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Veleva, L. "Phase Transformation of Iron Hydroxide in the Corrosion Products Formed in Humid Tropical Climate." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03602.

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Abstract The results of a study of corrosion products composition and morphology during the initial stages of rust formation on low carbon steel was carried out in a tropical humid climate (marine-coastal and rural-urban test sites, located in the Gulf of Mexico, in Southeastern Mexico) are presented. Data obtained in this study, by means of SEM and X-ray diffraction, show that the specifics of the Temperature – Relative Humidity daily complex have a significant influence on γ-FeOOH (goethite) and α-FeOOH (lepidocrocite) phases formation. The SEM reveals several steps in rust morphological evo
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Agrawal, A. K., C. Durr, and G. H. Koch. "Sulfide Films and Corrosion Rates of AISI 1018 Carbon Steel in Saline Solutions in the Presence of H2S and CO2 at Temperatures up to 175° F." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04383.

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Abstract The protective properties of iron sulfide films formed on carbon steel equipment in gas and oil production fields depend upon several environmental factors, such as concentrations of H2S and CO2, salinity, and temperature. A recent article (Paper No. 02223, Corrosion/2002) has reviewed the applicability of various empirical models that are used for estimating corrosion rates of carbon steels in CO2/H2S environments, and has found that each model has limitation in that it is useful only in very specific ranges of the variables from which the model was developed. Therefore, more definit
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Garvey, C. J., I. H. Parker, G. P. Simon, A. K. Whittaker, and R. B. Knott. "An Experimental Study by NMR and SANS of the Ambient Hydration of Paper." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.1.359.

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The structural changes in fibre polymers and dispersion of water in the polymer have been studied at length scales less than 400 Å with contrast variation small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The SANS of hydrating paper samples is discussed in different angular regions in terms of a scattering wavenumber vector, q (q = 4π/λ . sin θ/2 where λ is the wavelength of the neutrons and θ is the scattering angle). At low q close to the neutron beam, the Guinier region, voids in the structure are found to disappear as the microfibrils swell with water.
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Wang, Hairong, Xianni Gao, Guoliang Sun, Yulong Zhao та Zhuangde Jiang. "1.331μm Narrow-Bandwidth Light Source Based on Polymer Micro-Blazed Grating". У 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70207.

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In order to detect methane (CH4) accurately and reliably, this paper presents a sensor which consists of infrared diode, fixtures, blazed grating, to realize the extremely narrow-bandwidth light at wavelength of 1.331μm. Based on factors such as compatibility with the transmission characteristics of silica fiber and the cost, a LED (light-emitting diode) with center wavelength of 1.3μm is selected. The LED light is modulated as the parallel light beam. As the light is incident in a micro-blazed grating with certain angle, by diffraction and interference, the light will output the maximum light
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Caleyo, F., V. Venegas, J. M. Hallen, J. E. Araujo, and T. Baudin. "On the Influence of Crystallographic Texture on HIC." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10530.

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This work presents the results of ongoing investigations aimed at determining the influence of crystallographic texture, microtexture and mesotexture on hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in low carbon pipeline steels. HIC samples of two steels were investigated using X-ray diffraction texture measurement and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM™). The first steel is a low strength API 5L X46 retired from service and the second is a low sulfur ASTM A106 steel. The results of this work confirm the feasibility of improving the HIC resistance of pipeline steels through crystallographic texture contro
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Sheng, Yunlong, and Dazeng Feng. "High efficiency fast diffractive lens for beam coupling." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.18.

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Diffractive lenses for laser diode beam focusing collimating and coupling have wide applications. Large numerical aperture and high light efficiency are important issues for the coupling lenses. Numerical aperture of a typical laser diode beam can be as large as NA ~ 0.5. To capture the highly divergent beam the lens must have a low F-number of F/1 ~ F/2. Coupling the laser beam into an optic fiber with an acceptance angle of NA ~ 0.1 - 0.2 needs even larger numerical aperture of the lens.
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Chandy, R. P. "Integrated, multi-angle, low turbidity measurement using fluorescent plastic optical fibre." In Fourteenth International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, edited by A. G. Mignani and H. C. Lefèvre. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2302329.

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Lee, KyeoReh, Seungwoo Shin, Zahid Yaqoob, Peter T. C. So, and YongKeun Park. "Low-coherent optical diffraction tomography by angle-scanning illumination (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging V, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513188.

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"Residual Stress Measurements Inside a Small Inner Diameter Hole at Low Bragg Angle Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique." In Residual Stresses 10. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291173-7.

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Reports on the topic "Low angle fibre diffraction"

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Lane, M., A. Chaiken, and R. P. Michel. Characterization of thin-film multilayers using magnetization curves and modeling of low-angle X-ray diffraction data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/96639.

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2

Kung, H., S. Fayeulle, M. Nastasi, and Y. C. Lu. Characterization of TiN/B-C-N multilayers by transmission electron microscopy, ion beam backscattering, and low angle x-ray diffraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/541866.

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3

Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Abstract:
Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included
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