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Journal articles on the topic 'Martor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Iuga, Anamaria, Bogdan Iancu, and Monica Stroe. "Introduction: A Place for Hay. Flexibility and Continuity in Hay-Meadow Management." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.01.

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The current number of MARTOR journal focuses on the social history of hay, collecting original contributions and multidisciplinary approaches regarding the biocultural heritage of hay. The articles gathered in this issue explore the roles and different understandings attributed to traditional hay knowledge; the role of policies and public incentives in reshaping farmers’ vision of nature and land management practices; the moralities behind hay production; biodiversity and hay production; but also, how hay features in art and museology.

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IUGA, ANAMARIA, FROSA PEJOSKA-BOUCHEREAU, Krassimira Krastanova, and Corina Iosif. "Introduction. From Transcribing Orality to Oral Practices of Writing." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.01.

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This special issue of Martor problematizes the complex relationship between the written and the oral in the production of meaning that defines “traditions,” community and group relations, in different contexts of change (post-communism, migration, the use of hypermedia, storytelling and so on). It approaches the new ways orality is found in contemporary societies, but also open avenues for methodological discussions in ethnological research regarding the phenomenon of orality in contemporary societies, dominated by history and written texts.

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Constantin, Marin. "Sibling Relations among Herders in Mărginimea Sibiului (Southern Transylvania)." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.02.

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In southern Transylvania, sibling relations among herdsmen constitute a framework for organizing local shepherding practices. Our field data point to the importance of the brothers’ and sisters’ joint work in terms of the apprenticeship of young shepherds, the task rotation during seasonal transhumance, the sharing of their parents’ herds, and (as a result) the intergenerational continuity of pastoral ownership. Therefore, sibling relations among herders should be considered not only demographic evidence of consanguinity but more importantly a traditional pattern of sociality and economic mutu

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Cățean, George. "The Future of Pastoralism. Challenges and Resilience." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.15.

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The author is presenting a few of the problems that the sheep breeders are confronting with in Romania, suggesting a new approach for developing this agricultural sector, that would focus on its advantages. Such advantages concern the environment (low carbon footprint, increased carbon sequestration capacity, conservation of plant species and breeds), but also the social dimension of the occupation (e.g.: population of the mountain villages, the important contribution to circular economy).

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Iuga, Anamaria, Carmen Mihalache, and Magdalena Andreescu. "Shepherding and the Dynamics of Intangible Heritage." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.01.

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Animal husbandry is one of the oldest human occupations, and it is well spread over the world. Most importantly, during the centuries of practising this occupation, humans have developed a solid understanding of the environment they were living in, developing, in time, a specific traditional ecological knowledge. This traditional knowledge is part of an intangible heritage that the communities have and cherish, although it is constantly changing and adapting to new conditions. In the past years, more and more researchers are documenting the change, by looking at the challenges and dynamics of

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Hurjui-Său, Mariana. "Villages in Vrancea Region and Their Pastoral Songs. Past and Present." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.03.

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The study focuses on the pastoral songs from Vrancea region1 in relation to the social changes that occurred in the last century. The local pastoral culture, sustained for centuries by devălmășie, an archaic form of community organization, started to decline after the rise of aggressive forest exploitations that began towards the end of the 19th century. From this moment on, the old musical practices and their ancient shepherding origin were partly abandoned or integrated into new contexts and situations. For example, during the communist regime that was established in the second part of the 2

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Lennartsson, Tommy, and Anna Westin. "Can Current Grazing Practices Preserve Biodiversity in Semi-natural Pastures? A Study of the Historical Ecology of Swedish Infield Pastures." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.04.

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In order to preserve the biodiversity and cultural heritage in semi-natural pastures, it is important to manage each type of pasture in a way that resembles the historical land use that has shaped the ecosystem. We monitored the grazing regime in 28 pastures in Sweden from 1987 to 2012, and compared their management with the historical grazing regimes. The studied pastures, as well as a majority of the remaining high nature value pastures in Sweden, are located in historical infield areas, where grazing was determined by the system of fencing and use of meadows and arable fields, the so-called

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Fruntelată, Ioana-Ruxandra, Elena Dudău, and Cristian Mușa. "Haylife and Haylore in Starchiojd (Prahova county, Romania): from Present to Past." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.07.

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Starchiojd village lies on Teleajen plateau, in a hilly area of the eastern sub-Carpathians, Romania, at the crossroads upon the border of historical provinces Wallachia and Transylvania. Animal (cattle and sheep) husbandry is still an active and dominant occupation for villagers in Starchiojd, therefore so is haymaking. During our ethnological field research in 2013 and 2014 we collected different types of information on local hay culture, that were found in both written private documents and oral accounts, which we stored in the form of photographs, recordings or field notes. Our paper relie

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9

Triboi, Nicolas. "Herb Garden, "En Herbe"." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.12.

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During the years 2013-2015, in each season (spring 2013, summer 2014 and autumn 2015), the landscape designers Nicolas Triboi and Alina Adăscăliței, together with the curators Ruxandra Grigorescu and Mirela Florian from the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant have organised, at the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Bucharest), three thematic exhibitions concerning the use in different seasons of the meadows in Mușcel region, southern Romania. These meadows, locally called “gardens”, are not only used for providing food and hay, but they also are filled with emotional and cultural va

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Bartja, Ernö. "Nature in the City." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.13.

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The article signed by the artist Ernö Bartha is a contemplation of the way sculptures are created out of an ephemeral and cyclic material, hay. The artist explains the way he works with hay and conceive his work. The article ends with presenting the opinions of two art critics, Alexandra Rus (Faculty of History and Philosophy, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) and Pavel Șușară (Institute for the History of Art, Romanian Academy, Romania) regarding the works of Ernö Bartha.

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11

Blăjan, Ion. "Haymaking in the Eighteenth Century." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.02.

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Eighteenth-century historical records show that despite the large number of livestock in the Principalities, the reserves of hay prepared for their food in winter were minimal. The people rather relied on the livestock animals’ ability to find their own food in the fields when winters were not hard, on transhumance, or on the branches and shoots the people gathered from the forest and fed to the animals. There are numberless mentions in the documents issued by the royal chancelleries of haymaking day as corvée work, specifying only its temporal duration (from morning till evening), without any

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Lennartsson, Tommy, Anna Westin, Anamaria Iuga, et al. "“The Meadow is the Mother of the Field.” Comparing Transformations in Hay Production in Three European Agroecosystems." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.08.

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This research compares the production of hay in three historical European agroecological systems: in northern Romania, central Sweden and eastern central France. We analyse hay production in relation to the entire production system, the local natural conditions, and the variety of ways by which hay production was transformed over time. We found broad commonalities, but also discovered significant differences in each of three historical trajectories. Introduction of fodder crops, crop rotations and mechanization are important drivers of changes in all three areas, although the timing, sequence

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Oprea-Minoiu, Raluca-Magda. "How to Feel the World and Share it With Others." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.14.

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In October 2022, the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (NMRP) will start writing an annual project, Shepherding 2.1. The wandering sheep. Colleagues from the Creativity Office, Museum Education section, contributed to the design of museum education activities that made a thematic exhibition accessible to both children and blind people. The article describes this first experience to make accessible an exhibition at the NMRP and captures the main problems identified and the solutions found to these problems, as well as the importance of transdisciplinary approaches and teamwork.

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Jiga Iliescu, Laura. "Scuffling with the Wild Animal. Recorded Documents with Shepherds from the Carpathians." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.16.

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Whether harmonious or tense over time, the ways in which encounters with wild animals are narrated reflect perspectives on nature and human interaction with it. In this regard, the article reveals documents recorded by the author during fieldworks conducted among Carpathian shepherds.

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15

Vlahbei, Georgiana. "Letizia Bindi, ed. 2022. Grazing Communities. Pastoralism on the Move and Biocultural Heritage Frictions. New York - Oxford: Berghahn Books. Studies in Environmental Anthropology and Ethnobiology. Vol. 29, 314 p." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.19.

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The collective volume stands as pivotal research in recent pastoralism studies. Using a multisituated and pluridisciplinary perspective, it addresses the need to understand integratively the dynamic responses of grazing communities across Europe in the context of the new “heritage turn,” in conjunction with environmental stresses, social transformations, global institutions and their policies. Providing in-depth descriptions of the numerous challenges that transhumance in Europe faces today—security of land holding, new market relations, the growing pressures of governments, processes of socia

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16

Iuga, Anamaria. "Intangible Hay Heritage in Șurdești." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.06.

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This article presents the intangible heritage related to haymaking and shared by a specific community, namely the village of Șurdești in northern Romania. First the traditional knowledge associated with haymaking is introduced, as exemplified in the practices of cutting and gathering the hay. Secondly, the local beliefs associated with dangerous holidays (when haymaking is forbidden) are outlined. The two aspects of the intangible heritage are presented in their own dynamic and in terms of their moral values, while particular attention is also paid to the role collective memory plays in perpet

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17

Dumitru, Iuliana. "The Wandering Sheep or how I Set Off to Conduct Fieldwork." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.13.

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The article refers to the cultural project Păstorit 2.1. Oaia Hai-Hui [Shepherding 2.1. The Wandering Sheep], co-financed by the National Cultural Fund Administration and carried out by the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant. This text reviews and describes the activities conducted during the project (February–November 2022). It is written from the perspective of the project manager who focuses on fieldwork, describes how the exhibition was curated, and highlights the unseen work behind such a complex project. The article mentions the external partners involved in the project and their co

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18

Babai, Dániel, and Zsolt Molnár. "Species-rich Mountain Grasslands Through the Eyes of the Farmer: Flora, Species Composition, and Extensive Grassland Management." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.10.

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Species-rich semi-natural grasslands are important components of European cultural landscapes. In Transylvania, Romania, they are managed by extensive land-use systems which, in turn, are maintained to this day through in-depth traditional ecological knowledge. Interdisciplinary approaches should help to better understand how these land-use systems operate, including their impact on vegetation, as well as help to solve a complex problem encountered in nature conservation, namely how to maintain such systems in the face of social and economic changes that often lead to either abandonment or int

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19

Ilea, Silviu. "The Muruite [Smeared] Shirt as Sign of Occupational Status." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.17.

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The article presents the traditional costume of the shepherds from the Eastern Carpathians, from an historical perspective, using narrative, bibliographic, iconographic, folklore, and archival sources. The muruite [smeared] shirts treated with soot become regional and occupational signs in the mountain area of Bistrița, Maramureș, and Bucovina regions.

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20

Voicilă, Ciprian. "Shepherding. A Total Social Fact." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.21.

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The volume “Shepherding in the Carpathians. Tradition and continuity” (2022) coordinated by Lucian David and Ionuț Semuc presents the practice of shepherding from an interdisciplinary perspective: historical, sociological, economic, cultural, political, and religious. This is the only methodological approach capable of describing the complexity of shepherding.

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Triboi, Roxana. "Urban Pastoralism around Bucharest: Between Preserving Livelihoods and Adapting to Pressure from Urban Sprawl." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.09.

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The pastoral practice as subsistence process characterised by the “commons” in terms of property and management has declined in the industrial era because of its perceived low productivity and competition with intensified agriculture, industry, urban functions, infrastructure, and urban sprawl. Today, the animal production sector is dominated by the intensive industrial model that negatively impacts the global health. The survival in almost original form of the pastoral activity is related to its independence from mechanisation and urban infrastructure. The intensive process of urban sprawl of

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Tauber, Elisabeth. "Herders in Transformation: Exploring Changing Landscapes in the Eastern Italian Alps." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.08.

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Until the structural change in South Tyrolean agriculture in the 1960s, the high pastures were important as essential fodder resources for the subsistence farming of mountain farmers, so it was primarily the farmers who were responsible for negotiating grazing rights. The task of the herder, on the other hand, was essentially to observe these rights strictly. Historically, herders in South Tyrol have played a socially marginal role, their activities focusing exclusively on the summer high pastures. But the current situation is different. Drawing on the example of one particular mountain pastur

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Sáfiánné, Ibolya, Márta Sófalviné Tamás, Zsófia Osvald, et al. "It’s not Merely a Struggle, the Way We Live, it’s Wonderful, too! The Changing Life and Role of Women Herders in the Last 120 Years in Hungary." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.12.

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Women have always played a significant role in herding in Hungary, although their tasks and recognition have changed substantially over time. Nowadays, the vital role of women is becoming increasingly visible and recognised in Hungary. In this paper, members of the Hungarian Women Herders group and three researchers reviewed the scattered ethnographic, autobiographical and other literature, and conducted interviews with five active and retired women herders as well as with the husbands of three of them, and documented the role of women from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present

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Florea, Cornelia. "Laura Jiga Iliescu. 2020. Biserica de alături. Câteva rituri necercetate ale ciobanilor din Carpați. Studiu de etnologie asupra religiozității pastorale [The church next door. Unresearched rites of the Carpathian shepherds. Ethnological study of pastoral." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.20.

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The book review presents the publication, stating that it remains a testimony of the current existence of lesser-known rituals, whose presence still survives at least in the memory of some older generations. The author, Laura Jiga Iliescu uses the narrative of the interviews to make these rituals accessible to a heterogeneous audience.

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Ivașcu, Cosmin Marius, Kinga Öllerer, and László Rákosy. "The Traditional Perceptions of Hay and Hay-Meadow Management in a Historical Village from Maramureş County, Romania." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.04.

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Hay is still a fundamental resource for many Central and Eastern European traditional rural communities, as this is the only type of fodder used in winter time for the indoor feeding of livestock animals. To explore its current relevance for local communities, we conducted research in Ieud village, Maramureș county, in Northern Romania. The fourteenth-century documents clearly mention hay meadows as one of the most important land uses in the village, belonging to the local nobility. Due to the long history of animal husbandry and farming in the region, the locals from Ieud have developed a hay

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Pascu, Ana. "Between Mine and Sheepfold: Plural Identities of the Peasants from the Jiu Valley, Romania." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.10.

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In the Jiu Valley, located in the southern Carpathians, shepherding was the main occupation of peasants, even after coal mining began in the area. Coal mining led to rapid economic development both in the early twentieth century and during the communist period (1945-1989). Often discouraged by the authorities, the peasants—nicknamed momârlani by the townspeople—continued to raise animals while working simultaneously in the mine. After the 1989 Revolution, during the difficult transition to a democratic regime and market economy, peasants struggled to find their place in a new market: that of p

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Florea, Cornelia. "Via Transilvanica: Who Is on Whose Territory? What is Like to be a Traveller in the Proximity of a Sheepfold?" Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.07.

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This article draws on research conducted on Via Transilvanica, focusing on how sheepdogs mediate interactions between tourists and shepherds. Officially opened in October 2022 by Tășuleasa Social Association, Via Transilvanica is a 1400 km long hiking trail that crosses Romania from one end to another, from northeast to southwest. Having Putna at one end of the route and Drobeta Turnu- Severin at the other, this trail passes through wild landscapes and gives the opportunity to meet different kinds of people, as well as different animal species. In the Traveler’s Guide published on viatransilva

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Pănoiu, Anca-Maria. "“Real Hay is the Hay with Local Feedback”: Traditions and Transitions of Hay (an interview with Bogdan Iancu, Anamaria Iuga, Cosmin Manolache)." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.11.

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The article is presenting an interview concerning the exhibition “Traditions and Transitions of Hay”, organized by The National Museum of the Romanian Peasant in 2015. The exhibition is the result of a research concerning the traditional management of hay meadows, and their contemporary transformations. The research was conducted by Anamaria Iuga, Bogdan Iancu (National Museum of the Romanian Peasant, Romania) and Tommy Lennartsson and Anna Westin (Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Sweden), and curated by the two researchers, together with Cosmin Manolache (National Museum of the Romanian Peasant,

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Papasima, Răzvan, and Alexandru Iorga. "The Making of Modern Sheep. The New Pastoral Regime and Its Discontents." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.05.

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Although pastoralism has a special place in Romanian history and national mythology, shepherds “occupy a complicated position” (O’Brien and Crețan 2019) in contemporary technoscientific capitalism (Birch and Muniesa 2020). As their age-old shepherding routes shrink (Săgeată et al. 2022), new devices need to be adopted and associated with traditional shepherding methods to meet the new market challenges and industrialised model of sheep farming. Opting for an approach that combines science and technology studies (STS) and anthropology, our paper examines how a New Pastoral Regime (NPR) was asse

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Membretti, Andrea. "The Young Shepherds School: Training for Restanza in the Italian Alps." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.11.

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This article analyses an innovative place-sensitive training experience in pastoralism implemented in rural and mountainous Italian areas: the Young Shepherds School. Adopting a methodology based on learning-by-doing and an experiential teaching approach, the School offers its participants—essentially urban young people interested in living and working in rural contexts—an unprecedented learning opportunity and the possibility of setting out on a path towards the shepherding profession. At the same time, the involvement of local actors and the post-training pathway represent concrete steps tow

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Grigorean, Mihaela. "Architecture of Transhumance in Țara Oașului, Northern Romania: Fieldnotes." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.18.

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This research is an incursion into the topic of memory and recollection as processes of identity reconstruction, but also as a dimension of the heritage creation process. In the context of current social mobility and alienation, this issue receives new values, especially in the contemporary context of mobility (leaving rural communities in favour of urban living in the country or abroad). This uprooting led to the demolition of old houses with traditional architecture. The text presents a case study: the example given by a local entrepreneur, whose intention is to set up a touristic pension co

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Hartel, Tibor, Cristina Craioveanu, and Kinga-Olga Réti. "Tree Hay as Source of Economic Resilience in Traditional Social-ecological Systems from Transylvania." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.05.

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Tree farming substantially contributes to the resilience of the farming system. In this paper we bring historical and current arguments about nutritional value of trees and how this contributed to the capacity of the farming societies to navigate environmental challenges. On this basis we highlight the need of reviving the nutritional value of trees and the tree hay related knowledge and practices. Since scattered trees on pastures can simultaneously fulfil several important roles (biodiversity, nutrition source, aesthetic and cultural values) urgent actions are needed both at the level of pol

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Mannia, Sebastiano. "Transhumance in the Time of UNESCO. Political Narratives, Rhetorical Representations, Enhancement Practices." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 29 (November 9, 2024): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2024.29.06.

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In recent years, there has been a resurgence of tourist and economic interest in transhumance in Sardinia and more generally Italy. Previously viewed as a hindrance to sheep farming development and associated with isolation, sacrifice, and uncertainty for the people involved, transhumance is now being reconsidered. This study aims to explore the impact of this renewed attention by examining the new transhumance routes, identifying its advocates, and understanding why pastoral mobility was once deemed as a sign of cultural backwardness but is now celebrated as a heritage object and identity tra

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Dhennin-Lalart, Chantal. ""See if it germinates and if it grows!" The process of re-"peasantization" of the red zones of the Western Front after the Great War." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.03.

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World War I has destroyed within four years everything that the ancestral patience of cultivators had been building during millenniums of peasant labour. These traces are mostly visible on the occidental part of the ancient German-British front. More than elsewhere, the war enterprises have devastated the semi-natural territories and the cultivated ones in the region. The fact is certificated by the testimonials of rural people, by archive studies and by a part of the region’s literature which has tackled the subject, especially Le fardeau des jours by Leon Boquet (1924, Paris, Albin Michel).

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Iancu, Bogdan, and Monica Stroe. "In Search of Eligibility: Common Agricultural Policy and the Reconfiguration of Hay Meadows Management in the Romanian Highlands." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.09.

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In recent years, the centrality of haymaking in semi-subsistence highland farming in Romania has been witnessing a comeback, as EU agricultural subsidies meant to stimulate sustainable land management are an increasingly attractive source of income for marginal rural communities. However, semi-subsistence peasants in highland Romania are struggling to adjust to the system of agro-environmental subsidies promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy. The legitimacy and sustainability of certain traditional uses of land and natural resources are challenged by the hegemonic normative discourse of “e

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Iorga, Alexandru. "Hay Days in the “Black Forest” – Field Notes and Photographs from Caraorman, the Danube Delta." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 21 (November 15, 2016): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2016.21.14.

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In this essay I will provide an account of haymaking and animal husbandry practices in a post-socialist village from the Romanian Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. The paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the summer and autumn of 2011 in the village of Caraorman. Photographs presented in this paper were taken by the author in the same year, using different cameras. They are situated representational fragments of a quotidian that I participated in, which have emerged from my engagement with the site.

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Buchyczyk, Magdalena, Gabriela Nicolescu, and Alexandra Urdea. "Forging Folklore, Disrupting Archives: Curatorial Explorations between Tradition and Innovation." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 22 (November 15, 2017): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2017.22.09.

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This article describes how artists, scholars and curators have used folkloric collections and exhibitions as tools to explore the relationship between tradition and innovation. Contemporary art practice has seen a growing interest toward the use of folkloric material. With this in mind, in our curatorial work on the Forging Folklore, Disrupting Archives exhibition, we experiment with new methods of ethnographic representation. The article highlights the importance of animating folkloric and traditional objects through experimentation with collaborative, participatory and visual approaches.

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Oancea, Claudiu. "Margaret Beissinger, Speranța Rădulescu, and Anca Giurchescu (eds.), Manele in Romania: Cultural Expression and Social Meaning in Balkan Popular Music, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2016." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 22 (November 15, 2017): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2017.22.15.

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Manele in Romania provides the first comprehensive analysis of one of the most controversial, but also one of the most dynamic popular music genres to emerge on the Romanian music scene during the past thirty years, a genre whose roots extend, however, as far as the 19th century, as several of the contributors to the volume claim. As it embarks on the ambitious task of tackling manele, the book under review surpasses in depth and width of analysis the Romanian public sphere magazine articles, editorials, or highbrow essays which have addressed this topic. The volume brings together ethnomusico

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Bartolini, Flaminia. "From Iconoclasm to Museum: Mussolini’s Villa in Rome as a Dictatorial Heritage Site." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 23 (November 15, 2018): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2018.23.09.

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In the last couple of years, public attitudes towards Fascist material legacies in Italy have been at the centre of a heated debate in the academic world, which has by now grown to involve the press and social media. This paper will look specifically at how this is reflected in a museum display at a heritage site that was once Mussolini’s residence in Rome. The underlying question of this paper is what role museums as heritage sites play in the renegotiation of a problematic past, and whether they can also have an active role in either supporting or challenging the official narrative. As herit

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POPESCU-SIMION, FLORENȚA. "When People Write as They Speak: An Analysis of Letters Left on the Miraculous Graves of Bellu Catholic Cemetery." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.06.

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Starting with the second half of the twentieth century, a number of graves from Bellu Catholic Cemetery in Bucharest became the stage of a ritual. The allegedly miraculous graves achieved fame due to different and, in some cases, random characteristics. Many people (most of them Greek-Orthodox, not Catholics) come to perform this ritual to have their wishes fulfilled. As an important part of the ritual built around these graves, its performers are leaving written notes on them, containing their wishes. The notes are often handwritten on different pieces of paper (notebook pages or even receipt

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FLORIAN, MIRELA. "Letters in Verse from the Great War." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.04.

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This article sets out to study the records and testimonies created during the First World War in order to understand this important historical moment in the existence of Romanian rural communities. Many of the testimonies of Romanian soldiers capture the shift from oral culture and oral language to writing and written culture. Writing, which the soldiers had yet to fully internalize, was one of the few possibilities available to them on the war front to maintain alive the connection with their families and to leave a trace about the exceptional times they were living. These written accounts, w

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CONSTANTIN, MARIN. "“I Like It!” Experiencing Mediascapes in the Artisanship of Prahova County." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.11.

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My text is an attempt at developing the heuristic potentialities in the escapology of video recording of anthropological fieldwork and, based on this, in the museum practice of posting videos via social media platforms. Ethnographic information is provided for various crafts from Prahova County (wind-instrument making, weaving, and painting) to illustrate both the artisans’ views of their own craftwork and artefacts and the online responses elicited by such arguments, evidence, ideas, etc. Distinctive and interrelated cultural scenes and dramatis personae are identified and discussed in regard

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YOROVA, STEFANA. "Identification Narratives, Local Stories, and Virtual Communication." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.10.

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In this article the author summarizes some conclusions drawn following her field research on narration and identity. Language itself is approached language itself as a guardian of ideas, structuring society, using humor as an integrative barrier. It is introduced the term identification narrative as crucial for understanding the self in the context of the community. The author briefly describes the cases of a popular local story that changed local oral practices and of a less popular local story that preserved local oral practices. She analyzes the natural transformations of local stories comp

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NITTIS, MELANIE. "A Case of Functional Orality in the Digital Age: Olympos (Karpathos, Greece)." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.09.

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The cultural life of Olympos, a village on the island of Karpathos in Greece, is organized around sung poetic improvisation. From the time when a majority of the villagers were illiterate to the present, this ritual performance has shifted without changing its nature from “primary orality” to “mixed orality,” which coexists today with “mediated orality,” and is characterized by three main types of transmission. First, this performance is still being transmitted via oral memory since men are able to remember improvised couplets, in particular so as to avoid singing and hearing the same couplet

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JIGA ILIESCU, LAURA. "The Handwritten Recipe Notebook as a Place of Memory." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.08.

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A handwritten recipe notebook is not a mere domestic collection of recipes, but a material support for an immaterial tradition that combines culinary knowledge with commensality practices. These are formalized texts (a title, a list of ingredients, and directions) activated through the oral performance of a formalized setting (the food preparation process), which combines sequences of gestures instead of (or together with) words, or/and through a writing activity (copying a model or transcribing the recipe after dictation). The final material artefact (namely the dish and the written recipe) i

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KARLSONE, ANETE. "Heritage-making: Written Texts in the Transmission of Traditional Knowledge of Natural Dyeing." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.02.

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Natural dyeing is an element of intangible cultural heritage which is gaining new relevance today. Heritage-making as a set of purposeful activities has become an object of interest for researchers relatively recently, and this study is reflective of that. The paper aims to focus on natural dyeing as a component of cultural heritage, its documentation process, and how written texts have influenced the living tradition of natural dyeing. One of the sources for the study was ethnographic material, which provides insight into the little researched tradition of natural dyeing. To understand how th

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MIHUȚ, DIANA. "Recording One’s Own Oral Culture: A Case Study of Locals’ Notebooks." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.05.

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Interest towards communities characterized by oral tradition has taken the form of ethnological and/or anthropological field research on this topic over the past two centuries. With the invention of the tape recorder, the difficulty of recording field information was reduced as it enabled real-time recording of testimonies provided by informants; the process became even more accessible once digital information storage became available. In parallel with the efforts of the researcher—outsider—to document realities considered relevant for the culture of traditional societies, some of the insiders

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ALEXOPOULOS DE GIRARD, CHRISTINA. "Film-mediated Body Expression and Personal Narrative: Oral Testimonies of Macedonian Women Facing Violence in the Greek Civil War." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.07.

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Traumatic experience goes far beyond the realm of speech. The body and the mind keep track of everything. But words struggle to describe what the subject has really experienced. The use of film as a documentary medium sometimes allows us to see how the reminiscences of a past that cannot be forgotten are expressed through the body. It transforms the camera into an object of mediation that makes it possible to approach areas of the unspeakable, to elaborate what has remained unresolved, and to give a primary form of representation to what has been frightening in individual and collective histor

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CORDUNEANU, IOANA. "Embroidery with a Cause: Ten-year Anniversary of Semne Cusute (Sewn Signs)." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.13.

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The article is presenting the art project Semne cusute (Sewn Signs), focusing on on traditional embroidery’s patterns’ revival, and launched in 2012. It has already reached a community of 44,000 members. It is an enterprise that brings together cultural and artistic actions, embedded as heritage project. During all these years Semne cusute’s activity has been presented to the public by means of exhibitions, and educational workshops. The members of the community embroider to emphasize the need to preserve and teach ancient symbols, but also to coin their country (Romania) on the international

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KRASTANOVA, KRASSIMIRA, MARIA KISSIKOVA, and ELITSA STOILOVA. "Creative Traditions and Cultural Projects: Re-thinking Heritage through Experience." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 27 (November 15, 2022): 154–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2022.27.12.

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The article investigates the potential of project activities and project culture in creating novel conditions for introducing and re-thinking the complex nature of heritage, its transmission, practice, and new applications. Today, preindustrial knowledge, skill, and practice are interpreted rather as heritage that carries the potential of “creative traditions.” In modern societies, they can be incorporated in different fields—from educational programs for kids and adolescents to the tendency to integrate them into creative projects and cultural and creative industries. A key role in this proce

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