Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mcy genes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Mcy genes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mcy genes"

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Christiansen, Guntram, Jutta Fastner, Marcel Erhard, Thomas Börner, and Elke Dittmann. "Microcystin Biosynthesis in Planktothrix: Genes, Evolution, and Manipulation." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.2.564-572.2003.

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ABSTRACT Microcystins represent an extraordinarily large family of cyclic heptapeptide toxins that are nonribosomally synthesized by various cyanobacteria. Microcystins specifically inhibit the eukaryotic protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Their outstanding variability makes them particularly useful for studies on the evolution of structure-function relationships in peptide synthetases and their genes. Analyses of microcystin synthetase genes provide valuable clues for the potential and limits of combinatorial biosynthesis. We have sequenced and analyzed 55.6 kb of the potential microcystin synthetase gene (mcy) cluster from the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii CYA 126. The cluster contains genes for peptide synthetases (mcyABC), polyketide synthases (PKSs; mcyD), chimeric enzymes composed of peptide synthetase and PKS modules (mcyEG), a putative thioesterase (mcyT), a putative ABC transporter (mcyH), and a putative peptide-modifying enzyme (mcyJ). The gene content and arrangement and the sequence of specific domains in the gene products differ from those of the mcy cluster in Microcystis, a unicellular cyanobacterium. The data suggest an evolution of mcy clusters from, rather than to, genes for nodularin (a related pentapeptide) biosynthesis. Our data do not support the idea of horizontal gene transfer of complete mcy gene clusters between the genera. We have established a protocol for stable genetic transformation of Planktothrix, a genus that is characterized by multicellular filaments exhibiting continuous motility. Targeted mutation of mcyJ revealed its function as a gene coding for a O-methyltransferase. The mutant cells produce a novel microcystin variant exhibiting reduced inhibitory activity toward protein phosphatases.
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DONG, S. J., X. D. BI, J. Y. ZHANG, W. DAI, P. P. ZHANG, K. R. ZHOU, X. Y. WANG, and D. J. ZHANG. "ANALYSIS OF THE MICROCYSTIN-LR PRODUCTION ABILITY OF METAGENOMIC MCY GENES IN FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE PONDS FOCUSING ON THE ABUNDANCE OF METAGENOMIC MCY GENES AND SNP." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 19, no. 1 (2021): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1901_237248.

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Christiansen, Guntram, Rainer Kurmayer, Qian Liu, and Thomas Börner. "Transposons Inactivate Biosynthesis of the Nonribosomal Peptide Microcystin in Naturally Occurring Planktothrix spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 2006): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.117-123.2006.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous cyanobacteria Planktothrix spp. occur in the temperate region of the Northern hemisphere. The red-pigmented Planktothrix rubescens bacteria occur in deep, physically stratified, and less eutrophic lakes. Planktothrix is a known producer of the toxic heptapeptide microcystin (MC), which is produced nonribosomally by a large enzyme complex consisting of peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases encoded by a total of nine genes (mcy genes). Planktothrix spp. differ in their cellular MC contents as well as the production of MC variants; however, the mechanisms favoring this diversity are not understood. Recently, the occurrence of Planktothrix strains containing all mcy genes but lacking MC has been reported. In this study, 29 such strains were analyzed to find out if mutations of the mcy genes lead to the inability to synthesize MC. Two deletions, spanning 400 bp (in mcyB; one strain) and 1,869 bp (in mcyHA; three strains), and three insertions (IS), spanning 1,429 bp (in mcyD; eight strains), 1,433 bp (in mcyEG; one strain), and 1,433 bp (in mcyA; one strain), were identified. Though found in different genes and different isolates and transcribed in opposite directions, IS were found to be identical and contained conserved domains assigned to transposable elements. Using mutation-specific primers, two insertions (in mcyD and mcyA) and one deletion (in mcyHA) were found regularly in populations of P. rubescens in different lakes. The results demonstrate for the first time that different mutations resulting in inactivation of MC synthesis do occur frequently and make up a stable proportion of the mcy gene pool in Planktothrix populations over several years.
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Tanabe, Yuuhiko, Kunimitsu Kaya, and Makoto M. Watanabe. "Evidence for Recombination in the Microcystin Synthetase (mcy) Genes ofToxic Cyanobacteria Microcystis spp." Journal of Molecular Evolution 58, no. 6 (June 2004): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-004-2583-1.

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Kurmayer, Rainer, and Thomas Kutzenberger. "Application of Real-Time PCR for Quantification of Microcystin Genotypes in a Population of the Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis sp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6723-6730.2003.

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ABSTRACT The cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. frequently develops water blooms consisting of organisms with different genotypes that either produce or lack the hepatotoxin microcystin. In order to monitor the development of microcystin (mcy) genotypes during the seasonal cycle of the total population, mcy genotypes were quantified by means of real-time PCR in Lake Wannsee (Berlin, Germany) from June 1999 to October 2000. Standard curves were established by relating cell concentrations to the threshold cycle (the PCR cycle number at which the fluorescence passes a set threshold level) determined by the Taq nuclease assay (TNA) for two gene regions, the intergenic spacer region within the phycocyanin (PC) operon to quantify the total population and the mcyB gene, which is indicative of microcystin synthesis. In laboratory batch cultures, the cell numbers inferred from the standard curve by TNA correlated significantly with the microscopically determined cell numbers on a logarithmic scale. The TNA analysis of 10 strains revealed identical amplification efficiencies for both genes. In the field, the proportion of mcy genotypes made up the smaller part of the PC genotypes, ranging from 1 to 38%. The number of mcyB genotypes was one-to-one related to the number of PC genotypes, and parallel relationships between cell numbers estimated via the inverted microscope technique and TNA were found for both genes. It is concluded that the mean proportion of microcystin genotypes is stable from winter to summer and that Microcystis cell numbers could be used to infer the mean proportion of mcy genotypes in Lake Wannsee.
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Sipari, Hanna, Anne Rantala-Ylinen, Jouni Jokela, Ilona Oksanen, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Development of a Chip Assay and Quantitative PCR for Detecting Microcystin Synthetase E Gene Expression." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 12 (April 16, 2010): 3797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00452-10.

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ABSTRACT The chip and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were optimized to study the expression of microcystin biosynthesis genes (mcy) with RNA samples extracted from cyanobacterial strains and environmental water samples. Both microcystin-producing Anabaena and Microcystis were identified in Lake Tuusulanjärvi samples. Microcystis transcribed the mcyE genes throughout the summer of 2006, while expression by Anabaena became evident later in August and September. Active mcyE gene expression was also detectable when microcystin concentrations were very low. Detection of Anabaena mcyE transcripts by qPCR, as well as certain cyanobacterial 16S rRNAs with the chip assay, showed slightly reduced sensitivity compared with the DNA analyses. In contrast, even groups undetectable or present in low quantities as determined by microscopy could be identified with the chip assay from DNA samples. The methods introduced add to the previously scarce repertoire of applications for mcy expression profiling in environmental samples and enable in situ studies of regulation of microcystin synthesis in response to environmental factors.
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Cordeiro, Rita, Joana Azevedo, Rúben Luz, Vitor Vasconcelos, Vítor Gonçalves, and Amélia Fonseca. "Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria." Toxins 13, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040258.

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Microcystins (MCs), Saxitoxins (STXs), and Cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) are some of the more well-known cyanotoxins. Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA) for MCs, STX, and CYN production. A total of 157 strains were searched for mcy, sxt, and cyr producing genes by PCR, toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS/MS, and cyanotoxin-producing strains morphological identification and confirmation by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Cyanotoxin-producing genes were amplified in 13 strains and four were confirmed as toxin producers by ESI-LC-MS/MS. As expected Aphanizomenon gracile BACA0041 was confirmed as an STX producer, with amplification of genes sxtA, sxtG, sxtH, and sxtI, and Microcystis aeruginosa BACA0148 as an MC-LR producer, with amplification of genes mcyC, mcyD, mcyE, and mcyG. Two nostocalean strains, BACA0025 and BACA0031, were positive for both cyrB and cyrC genes and ESI-LC-MS/MS confirmed CYN production. Although these strains morphologically resemble Sphaerospermopsis, the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis reveals that they probably belong to a new genus.
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Tanabe, Yuuhiko, Tomoharu Sano, Fumie Kasai, and Makoto M. Watanabe. "Recombination, cryptic clades and neutral molecular divergence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa." BMC Evolutionary Biology 9, no. 1 (2009): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-115.

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Mbukwa, Elbert A., Sammy Boussiba, Victor Wepener, Stefan Leu, Yuval Kaye, Titus A. M. Msagati, and Bhekie B. Mamba. "PCR amplification and DNA sequence of mcyA gene: The distribution profile of a toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa in the Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 3 (April 25, 2013): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.014.

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Using new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, a once known to be under-transcribed microcystin synthetase A (mcyA) gene from the only known toxigenic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa dominating the Hartbeespoort Dam was consistently amplified from genomic DNA extracted from a set of algal and cell free water samples collected across this dam. In addition to this, five more mcy genes (mcyBCDEG) were also amplified during this study. The resultant mcyA PCR products (518 bp) were purified and sequenced and gave nucleotide sequence segments of 408 bp sizes. The obtained sequence was aligned to the published mcyA gene sequence available online on the NCBI database and resulted in 100% similarity to a 408 bp mcyA gene sequence segment of M. aeruginosa UWOCC RID-1. Furthermore, it was found that the above sequence segment (408 bp) spans from a common base in M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 and M. aeruginosa PCC 7820 from 141 to 548 bp in the N-methyl transferase (NMT) region signifying their closer relatedness to M. aeruginosa UWOCC strains. This study has for the first time amplified mcyA gene consistently from both intracellular and extracellular DNA extracts obtained from algal and cell free water samples, respectively. Sequence data and the amplified mcy genes showed that M. aeruginosa is widely distributed and dominant in this dam.
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Pearson, Leanne A., Michael Hisbergues, Thomas B�rner, Elke Dittmann, and Brett A. Neilan. "Inactivation of an ABC Transporter Gene, mcyH, Results in Loss of Microcystin Production in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6370-6378.2004.

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ABSTRACT The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa is widely known for its production of the potent hepatotoxin microcystin. Microcystin is synthesized nonribosomally by the thiotemplate function of a large, modular enzyme complex encoded within the 55-kb microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene cluster. Also encoded within the mcy gene cluster is a putative ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, McyH. This study details the bioinformatic and mutational analyses of McyH and offers functional predictions for the hypothetical protein. The transporter is putatively comprised of two homodimers, each with an N-terminal hydrophobic domain and a C-terminal ATPase. Phylogenetically, McyH was found to cluster with members of the ABC-A1 subgroup of ABC ATPases, suggesting an export function for the protein. Two mcyH null mutant (ΔmcyH) strains were constructed by partial deletion of the mcyH gene. Microcystin production was completely absent in these strains. While the mcyH deletion had no apparent effect on the transcription of other mcy genes, the complete microcystin biosynthesis enzyme complex could not be detected in ΔmcyH mutant strains. Finally, expression levels of McyH in the wild type and in ΔmcyA, ΔmcyB, and ΔmcyH mutants were investigated by using immunoblotting with an anti-McyH antibody. Expression of McyH was found to be reduced in ΔmcyA and ΔmcyB mutants and completely absent in the ΔmcyH mutant. By virtue of its association with the mcy gene cluster and the bioinformatic and experimental data presented in this study, we predict that McyH functions as a microcystin exporter and is, in addition, intimately associated with the microcystin biosynthesis pathway.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mcy genes"

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Crespim, Elaine. "Identificação e sequenciamento de genes envolvidos na biossíntese de microcistinas e saxitoxinas na cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa SPC777." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-22052013-112756/.

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As toxinas produzidas por cianobactérias em ecossistemas aquáticos de superfície utilizados para abastecimento público constituem uma preocupação mundial, com casos de intoxicação relatados em diversos países.Sérios problemas de saúde e até mesmo óbito podem ocorrer como consequência dessas intoxicações. Em ambientes de água doce eutrofizados, florações de espécies de Microcystis são frequentemente observadas e, devido à sua ampla distribuição geográfica e capacidade de produzir toxinas, este é um dos gêneros de cianobactérias mais extensivamente estudados. Microcystis spp. são conhecidas pela produção da potente hepatotoxina microcistina. No entanto, um estudo recente com a linhagem M. aeruginosa SPC777 isolada da represa Billings (São Paulo, SP) relatou a sua capacidade de produção simultânea da [L-ser7] microcistina-RR e da neurotoxina saxitoxina (goniautoxinas 1, 2, 3 e 4). Esse foi o primeiro relato de produção de saxitoxina por uma cianobactéria unicelular. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e sequenciar os genes envolvidos na biossíntese da microcistina e saxitoxina na linhagem M. aeruginosa SPC777 e reavaliar a produção destas toxinas após vários anos de cultivo em laboratório. Para isso, foi feito o sequenciamento do genoma de M. aeruginosa SPC777 na plataforma SOLiD V3 e a montagem ab initio das leituras foi realizada usando os algoritmos Edena e Velvet. Análises Blast no banco de dados do NCBI foram realizadas na busca de similaridade por sequências dos genes mcy e sxt e de genes que flanqueiam os agrupamentos envolvidos na biossíntese de ambas as toxinas. Além disso, PCR e sequenciamento Sanger foram empregados para auxiliar a busca dos genes de interesse. Os dez genes envolvidos na biossíntese da microcistina (mcyA-J) foram encontrados e anotados a partir do genoma da M. aeruginosa SPC777, assim como os genes dnaN e uma1, que são normalmente encontrados flanqueando o agrupamento gênico da microcistina. O arranjo dos genes mcy no agrupamento seguiu a mesma ordem de outros descritos na literatura, mas foram encontradas diferenças na sequência de nucleotídeos para alguns dos genes. Para saxitoxina, apenas cinco genes entre aqueles diretamente envolvidos na biossíntese desta neurotoxina foram encontrados usando PCR e sequenciamento Sanger. As sequências parciais dos genes sxt apresentaram alta identidade com outros encontrados em cianobactérias tóxicas. Além disso, a tradução dessas sequências em aminoácidos e as funções protéicas e domínios preditos confirmaram sua identidade como genes da sintetase de saxitoxina. Análises químicas em HPLC-MS/MS mostraram a produção de microcistina, com a detecção do íon m/z 1036, que corresponde à microcistina-YM. Entretanto, não foi observada produção de saxitoxinas. Pelo que sabemos, este é o primeiro agrupamento gênico de microcistina sequenciado de uma linhagem de Microcystis isolada da América do Sul,além de serem os primeiros genes sxt descritos em uma cianobactéria unicelular. Este estudo propiciou novos conhecimentos sobre a origem dos genes mcy e sxt e contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão da evolução destas toxinas
The toxins produced by cyanobacteria in surface aquatic ecosystems used for public supply constitute a worldwide concern, with poisoning cases reported in several countries. Serious health problems and even death can occur as a consequence of these poisonings. In eutrophic freshwater environments, blooms of Microcystis species are often observed and, due to its wide geographic distribution and ability to produce toxins, this is one of the most extensively studied cyanobacterial genera. Microcystis spp. are known for the production of the potent hepatotoxin microcystin. Nonetheless, a recent study with the strain M. aeruginosa SPC777 isolated from Billings reservoir (São Paulo, SP) reported its ability for simultaneous production of [L-ser7] microcystin-RR and the neurotoxin saxitoxin (gonyautoxins 1, 2, 3 and 4). This was the first report of saxitoxin production by a unicellular cyanobacterium. In this context, the present study aimed at the identification and sequencing of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of microcystin and saxitoxin in the strain M. aeruginosa SPC777 and re-evaluation ofthe production of these toxins after several years of cultivation in laboratory. For this, whole genome sequencing of M. aeruginosa SPC777 was done in the platform SOLiD V3 and ab initio assembly of the reads was performed using the algorithms Edena and Velvet. Blast analyses in the NCBI database were performed in the searchfor similarity to mcy and sxt gene sequences and to genes flanking the clusters involvedin the biosynthesis of both toxins. Furthermore, PCR and Sanger sequencing were employed to help the search for the genes of interest. The ten genes involved in microcystin biosynthesis (mcyA-J) were found and annotated from the genome of M. aeruginosa SPC777, as well as the genes dnaN and uma1, which are usually found flanking the microcystin gene cluster. The arrangement of mcy genes in the cluster has followed the same order than others described in literature, but differences were found in the sequence of nucleotides for some of the genes. For saxitoxin, only five genes among those directly involved in the biosynthesis of this neurotoxin were found using PCR and Sanger sequencing. The partial sxt gene sequences have shown high identities to others found in toxic cyanobacteria. Additionally, their translation into amino acids and the predicted protein functions and domains confirmed their identity as saxitoxin synthetase genes.HPLC-MS/MS chemical analyses have shown the production of microcystin, with the detection of the ion m/z1036, which corresponds to the microcystin-YM. Nevertheless, saxitoxin production was not observed. As far as we know, this is the first microcystin gene cluster sequenced from a Microcystis strain isolated from South America and it is also the first time that sxt genes are described in a unicellular cyanobacterium. This study has brought new insightson the origin of the mcy and sxt genes and contributed to a better understanding of the evolution of these toxins
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Peres, Raquel Mary Rodrigues 1983. "Instabilidade genômica em neoplasias malignas da mama em função da concentração de alumínio intracelular : Genomic instability association with intracellular aluminum concentration in breast tumors." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310522.

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Orientador: Luis Otavio Zanatta Sarian
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_RaquelMaryRodrigues_D.pdf: 3497486 bytes, checksum: c509c5d08807f1a5bcd1b918eaf7d09d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Introdução: A hipótese de que os efeitos do alumínio em células humanas podem ter implicações clínicas tem sido levantada há algum tempo, especialmente no que concerne ao câncer de mama. As evidências laboratoriais mostrando altos níveis de alumínio nos tecidos da mama e os efeitos biológicos conhecidos sobre esse metal não são suficientes para estabelecer uma relação causal entre a exposição ao alumínio e o risco aumentando para o desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a concentração de alumínio nas áreas centrais e periféricas de tumores de mama, assim como na área glandular normal da mama e correlacionar esses achados com a instabilidade dos genes ERBB2, C-MYC e CCND1 e a aneuploidia dos cromossomos que contêm estes genes. Métodos: Para este estudo foram incluídas 176 mulheres com diagnóstico de carcinoma invasor de mama, com tumores maiores de 1cm3, sem quimioterapia neoadjuvante, operadas enter 2008 e 2010 no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) - UNICAMP. Para a análise da concentração de alumínio intracelular, amostras de 150 pacientes foram consideradas viáveis; para a análise da instabilidade genômica em função da concentração de alumínio, 118 amostras foram consideradas viáveis, definindo o espaço amostral de cada um dos artigos apresentados. As amostras das áreas centrais e periféricas dos tumores de mama e das áreas glandulares normais da mama foram obtidas. A quantificação do alumínio contido nos tecidos da mama foi feita através da técnica de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica em Forno de Grafite (GFAAS). Uma lâmina de Tissue Microarray (TMA), contendo as amostras de tumor e tecido normal foi utilizado para a realização da técnica de FISH para acessar o status dos genes ERBB2, C-MYC e CCND1 e dos centrômeros dos seus respectivos cromossomos 17, 8 e 11. Os dados clínico-patológicos foram obtidos dos prontuários de pacientes. Resultados: A média da concentração de alumínio encontrada na mama foi de 1,88 mg/kg nas áreas centrais do tumor, 2,10mg/kg nas áreas periféricas do tumor e 1,68mg/kg nas áreas de tecido glandular normal. A amplificação e/ou aneuploidia para ERBB2/CEP17, C-MYC/CEP8 e CCND1/CEP11 foi encontrada em 24%, 36,7% e 29,3% dos tumores, respectivamente. A média da concentração de alumínio nas áreas tumorais (tanto centrais quanto periféricas) não foi significativamente diferente daquela nas áreas de tecido normal. A concentração de alumínio também não foi significativamente associada a nenhum status de amplificação e/ou aneuploidia para os genes/cromossomos em questão. Conclusões: Consideramos importante que estudos experimentais in vitro continuem sendo realizados para elucidar os possíveis efeitos do alumínio nos tumores de mama, quer sejam esses efeitos relacionados ao microambiente tecidual ou mesmo a outras vias de estabilidade genômica
Abstract: Introduction: It has long been hypothesized if the effects of aluminum on human cells may have clinical implications, especially regarding to breast cancer. The current laboratorial evidence showing higher levels of aluminum in breast tissues and the known biological effects of this metal, are not sufficient to establish a causal relationship between aluminum exposure and increased risk of developing breast cancer. The objective of this study was to establish the aluminum concentration in the central and peripheral areas of breast tumors as well as in normal glandular area of the breast and to correlate these findings with the instability of ERBB2, C-MYC and CCND1, and aneuploidy of chromosomes harboring these genes. Methods: This study included 176 women diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with tumors larger than 1cm3 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, operated between 2008 and 2010 at the Women's Hospital Professor. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) - UNICAMP. To analyze the intracellular concentration of aluminum, samples from 150 patients were considered viable; for the analysis of genomic instability as a function of the concentration of aluminum, 118 samples were considered viable. These figures define the sample of each of the two articles that this PhD thesis comprises. Evaluation of tissue aluminum content was carried out using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). A TMA slide containing the tumor and normal samples was used in FISH assays to assess ERBB2, C-MYC and CCND1 and the respective chromosomes 17, 8 and 11 centromeres status. Clinicopathological data were obtained from patients' records. Results: The average aluminum content found in breast was 1.88 mg/kg in the central tumor areas, 2.10 mg/ kg in the peripheral tumor areas and 1.68 mg/ kg in the normal tissue areas. The amplification and/or aneuploid status for the ERBB2/CEP17, C-MYC/CEP8 and CCND1/CEP11 was detected in 24%, 36.7% and 29.3% of the tumors, respectively. The average aluminum content in tumor areas (either central or peripheral) was not significantly different from that in normal tissues. We found that aluminum concentration was not related to any of the gene status. Conclusions: We consider important that in vitro experimental studies continue to be done in order to elucidate the possible effects of aluminum in the development of breast tumors, whether it is influencing the tissue microenvironment or other genome stability pathways
Doutorado
Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
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Goldman, Jacki P. "Regulated accessibility of variable region genes may control developmentally ordered T cell receptor [gamma] gene rearrangement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32626.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1995.
On t.p., "[gamma] appears as the lower case Greek letter.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-172).
by Jacki P. Goldman.
Ph.D.
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Madisen, Linda. "Lymphoid specific elements deregulate c-myc transcription following chromosomal translocation in murine plasmacytoma and human Burkitt's lymphoma cells /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6324.

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James, Leonard Philip. "Myc and Mad target genes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5093.

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Melkoumian, Zaroui K. "Pharmacological regulation of c-myc gene expression in human breast cancer cells." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2218.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 152 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-149).
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Abbas, Nasser. "Parthenogenesis in plants: putative functions of MCM genes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964450941.

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Harrison, David. "MCP-dependent chemotaxis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360292.

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Souza, Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes de. "Comparação das técnicas de PCR em tempo real e PCR para o estudo dos genes MYCN, DDX1 e NAG em pacientes portadores de neuroblastoma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5136/tde-21062007-141525/.

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O neuroblastoma é o tumor sólido extra-cranial mais comum e mortal da infância, sendo o tempo de sobrevida nos casos mais agressivos ainda muito curto. Uma das esperanças nesses casos é que os estudos moleculares possam fornecer informações sobre os genes ou as vias moleculares que governam a patogênese dos neuroblastomas. Pois, há poucos genes como o MYCN, que foi descrito por estar diretamente ligado ao neuroblastoma. A amplificação deste oncogene ocorre em pouco mais de 25% dos neuroblastomas e é considerada como o mais importante marcador de prognóstico nestes tumores, sendo fortemente relacionada aos estádios avançados da doença e falha no tratamento. Outros genes do amplicon do MYCN, incluindo o DDX1 \"DEAD box polypeptide 1 gene\" e o NAG \"neuroblastoma-amplified gene\", estão sendo observados por se apresentarem co-amplificados com o MYCN. Entretanto, a importância deste fenômeno no prognóstico ainda é desconhecida. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar qual o melhor método para estudar a amplificação dos genes MYCN, DDX1 e NAG, além de esclarecer a importância da coamplificação dos genes DDX1 e NAG no prognóstico. Procedimento: O número de cópias dos genes MYCN, DDX1 e NAG foi determinado por PCR em Tempo Real e PCR convencional em 100 neuroblastomas primários. Os dados da PCR em Tempo Real foram analisados por quantificação absoluta e relativa. Os resultados da PCR convencional foram analisados por eletroforese em gel de agarose, medindo a intensidade das bandas formadas no gel no sistema Kodak. A relevância da amplificação gênica como marcador de prognóstico foi avaliada em 74 pacientes, dos quais nós obtivemos o acompanhamento clínico. Resultados: Nos 74 casos estudados, ambos os métodos demonstraram que a amplificação do MYCN estava associada com os estádios mais avançados da doença. A análise das curvas de sobrevida livre de progressão confirmou que pacientes com ausência de amplificação do MYCN apresentavam maior tempo de sobrevida. Nós também analisamos a amplificação do DDX1 nas mesmas amostras incluindo aquelas com ausência de amplificação de MYCN. Não foi encontrada nenhuma relação entre a co-amplificação com idade ao diagnóstico ou tempo de sobrevida. Conclusões: Os métodos aplicados para calcular o número de cópias dos genes na PCR em Tempo Real mostraram-se equivalentes. A PCR em Tempo Real apresentou maior acurácia nos resultados quando comparada à PCR convencional. A análise da sobrevida não demonstrou relação entre a amplificação dos genes DDX1 e/ou NAG com piora no prognóstico.
Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly extra-cranial solid childhood tumor. Survival rates for aggressive neuroblastomas are still disappointingly low. One of the hopes is that molecular studies will provide insights into the genes and molecular pathways that govern neuroblastoma pathogenesis. However, at present only a few genes as MYCN have been directly linked to neuroblastoma. MYCN oncogene amplification, occurring in up to 25% of neuroblastomas, has been considered the most important prognostic factor, strongly correlating to advanced stage disease and treatment failure. Another genes in the MYCN amplicon, including the DEAD box polypeptide 1 (DDX1) gene, and neuroblastoma-amplified gene (NAG gene), have been found to be frequently co-amplified with MYCN in NB. But the prognostic significance of the coamplification remains unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate which is the best method to study the gene amplification of those three genes MYCN, DDX1 and NAG, as well as clarify the prognostic significance of the co-amplification or DDX1 and NAG with MYCN. Procedure: The gene copy numbers of MYCN, DDX1, and NAG were determined by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and conventional polymerase chain reaction in 100 primary NBs. Real-Time data were analyzed by absolute and relative quantification. For conventional PCR, samples were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel and the intensity of each band evaluated by Kodak image software. To evaluate of the prognostic significance of the gene amplification we had only 74 cases in witch we could analyze the follow-up. Results: In all 74 cases, both methods demonstrated that MYCN amplification was associated mainly with advanced cancer stages, and the analysis of overall survival confirmed that patients without MYCN amplification had a cumulative survival significantly higher than patients with oncogene amplification. We also studied DDX1 and NAG amplification for all NB samples even that without MYCN amplification. No relationship between any gene co-amplification status and disease stage, age at diagnosis, or overall survival was found. Conclusions: The two methods used to calculate gene copy number for Real Time PCR assay shown to be equivalent. Real Time PCR assay shown to be more accurate to study gene amplification than conventional PCR assay. Survival analysis pointed out that DDX1 and/or NAG amplification has no additional adverse effect on prognosis.
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Vulcani-Freitas, Tânia Maria [UNIFESP]. "Perfil de expressão dos genes MYC, MYCN, TERT, ASPM e PRAME em Meduloblastoma." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9928.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-28
Meduloblastoma (MB) é o tumor maligno de sistema nervoso central (SNC) mais comum em criança, compreendendo 20% dos tumores primários de SNC e 40% dos tumores cerebelares da infância. Devido sua forte tendência metastática, o tratamento padrão pós-operatório inclui radio e quimioterapia, cujo impacto causa distúrbios endócrinos e de crescimento, e disfunção neurocognitiva a longo prazo. Frente a esses efeitos negativos, muitas pesquisas em meduloblastoma têm sido realizadas com intuito de obter conhecimento biológico desses tumores para tentar identificar fatores prognósticos moleculares que possam orientar os tratamentos, tornando-os mais específicos e menos agressivos. Alguns estudos em MB têm sugerido que a expressão do oncogene MYC está associada com diminuição da sobrevida e sua superexpressão com maior agressividade do tumor. Por isso, MYC pode ser um indicador importante de prognóstico, além de modulador do comportamento desta doença. Enquanto o gene MYC é expresso em uma variedade de tecidos, a expressão de MYCN, outro membro da família MYC, é restrita a estágios precoces do desenvolvimento embrionário de alguns tecidos apenas, entre eles, o sistema nervoso central e periférico, sendo um mediador importante dos efeitos de ativação na proliferação de células precursoras cerebelares. Dessa forma, quando a expressão de MYCN está desregulada, ela aumenta a tumorigenicidade dessas células podendo dar origem ao MB. Além disso, o gene MYC também é considerado importante regulador da transcrição TERT, gene que codifica uma subunidade catálica de da telomerase, enzima importante para carcinogênese e imortalização de células neoplásicas. A atividade anormal da telomerase está presente em 90% dos cânceres e o aumento de sua atividade está associado a eventos clínicos desfavoráveis. Outro gene importante é o ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) que desempenha função fundamental na neurogênese e proliferação celular durante o desenvolvimento cerebral. Esse gene codifica uma proteína de centrossomo e fuso mitótico que permite a divisão celular simétrica em células neuroepiteliais durante o desenvolvimento e aumento do tamanho cerebral. Alterações em ASPM é a causa mais comum de microcefalia primária em humanos e de falha de segregação, induzindo a aneuploidias e instabilidade genética. Além desses genes, outro gene estudado recentemente, como alvo em xv imunoterapia, é o gene PRAME que codifica um antígeno tumoral que está presente em vários tumores, incluindo meduloblastoma. O gene PRAME possui baixa ou ausência de expressão em tecidos normais, por isso é pode ser um forte candidato como alvo em imunoterapia, que é um tratamento menos tóxico. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a expressão dos genes MYC, MYCN, TERT, ASPM e PRAME em fragmentos tumorais de meduloblastoma de crianças e tentar correlacionar com os parâmetros clínicos e verificar se há correlação de MYC, MYCN, TERT entre si, uma vez que estão correlacionados. MÉTODOS: Análise de expressão gênica foi realizada através de PCR quantitativa em tempo real, utilizando sistema SYBR Green, em 37 amostras tumorais de crianças, com média de idade de 8 anos. Para comparação de perfil de expressão foi usada duas amostra de cérebro normal. A análise estatística foi realizada nos programas Graph Pad Prism 4 e VassarStats RESULTADOS: Todas nossas amostras superexpressaram o gene MYCN com valor de quantificação relativa (RQ) mediana igual a 31 com p=0.001; assim como, todas nossas amostras também superexpressaram o gene ASPM com mediana igual a 586, p<0.0001. Do total de amostras, 95%, 81% e 84% superexpressaram TERT, MYC e PRAME respectivamente, sendo os valores de RQ (mediana) iguais a 322, p=0.01; 9.2, p<0.0001; 33, p<0.0001. Apesar da elevada expressão dos genes estudados na maioria das amostras estudadas, houve apenas correlação estatística entre a superexpressão de MYCN (p=0.008) e os pacientes que foram a óbito, e de TERT e os pacientes que recidivaram (p=0.0431). Não encontramos outra correlação estatística entre a superexpressão dos genes e as características clínicas dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os genes MYC, MYCN e TERT estavam superexpressos nas amostras de meduloblastoma analisadas em uma freqüência muito superior ao demonstrado na literatura, o que sugere que esses três genes podem ajudar na identificação de tumores agressivos, uma vez que o pognóstico desses pacientes continua baseado apenas em parâmentros clínicos. A superexpressão de ASPM em todas as amostras estudadas sugere que este gene pode estar envolvido na origem de MB, como parte da neurogênse anormal durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, porém estudoas funcionais devem ser realizados para confirmar essa hipótese. Por fim, o gene PRAME pode ser candidato à marcador de célula tumoral em MB, podendo no futuro ser candidato como alvo em imunoterapias.
To investigate the expression of genes MYC, MYCN and TERT in tumor fragments of pediatric medulloblastoma and correlate gene expression profiles with clinical parameters. Analysis of gene expression was performed by quantitative PCR real time in 37 tumor samples and correlated with clinical and pathological data. All 37 samples overexpressed MYCN gene (p= 0.001), 95% and 84% of the samples overexpressed TERT and MYC, respectively (p<0.0001). Twenty nine (78%) of all samples had concomitant high expression of MYC, MYCN and TERT genes together. Seventeen (59%) were high-risk classification, 10 (34%) were metastatic (M+) stage, two (7%) were anaplastic or largecell/ anaplastic subtype, eight (28%) of patients relapsed, beyond thirteen (45%) suffered partial surgical resection. and fourteen (48%) died. We found correlation between MYC, MYCN and TERT expression (p<0.0001). The identification of a subgroup with concomitant overexpression of the three investigated genes suggests the possibility of using more than one aspect of molecular indicative of unfavorable prognosis that characterizes the group with poor outcome. However, in future this may be enhanced by targeted therapy for the product TERT as proposed in some neoplasms. The identification of molecular events in the medulloblastoma categorization aims to help at-risk groups moving towards individualized medicine.
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BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Books on the topic "Mcy genes"

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Dobert, Raymond. Gene expression in cereal crops: June 1992 - May 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Raymond, Dobert. Gene expression in cereal crops: June 1992-May 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Fulton, Wong, ed. Molecular neuroscience: Expression of neural genes : proceedings of the Fourth Galveston Neuroscience Symposium, held at Galveston, Texas, May 8-10, 1986. New York: A.R. Liss, 1987.

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Dobert, Raymond. Gene expression in oilseed, fiber and forage crops : January 1992 - May 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Raymond, Dobert. Gene expression in oilseed, fiber and forage crops : January 1992 - May 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Ion, Măndoiu, Sunderraman Rajshekhar, and Zelikovsky Alexander, eds. Bioinformatics research and applications: Fourth international symposium, ISBRA 2008, Atlanta, GA, USA, May 6-9, 2008 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Dobert, Raymond. Gene expression in oilseed, fiber, and forage crops: January 1992 - May 1994. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1994.

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Etienne, Pays, ed. The trypanosome surface: Proceedings of the Third Francqui Colloquium, 26-27 May 1997, Brussels. Paris: De Boeck Université, 1999.

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Gene therapy: Are patients any safer? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Health of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session ... May 25, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business. Research on childhood diseases by entrepreneurs: Hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session ... Thursday, May 26, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mcy genes"

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Dang, Chi V., and Linda A. Lee. "Retroviruses, Cancer Genes, and Tumor Suppressor Genes." In c-Myc Function in Neoplasia, 37–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22681-0_2.

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Piatigorsky, Joram. "Crystallin genes: specialization by changes in gene regulation may precede gene duplication." In Genome Evolution, 131–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0263-9_13.

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Sodir, Nicole M., and Laura Soucek. "The Myc World Within Reach." In The Myc Gene, 1–6. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_1.

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Song, Rui, Nicole Sponer, and Lin He. "Methods to Quantify microRNAs in the Myc Gene Network for Posttranscriptional Gene Repression." In The Myc Gene, 135–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_10.

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Jackstadt, Rene, Antje Menssen, and Heiko Hermeking. "Genome-Wide Analysis of c-MYC-Regulated mRNAs and miRNAs, and c-MYC DNA Binding by Next-Generation Sequencing." In The Myc Gene, 145–85. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_11.

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Grandori, Carla. "A High-Throughput siRNA Screening Platform to Identify MYC-Synthetic Lethal Genes as Candidate Therapeutic Targets." In The Myc Gene, 187–200. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_12.

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Cunningham, John T., Michael Pourdehnad, Craig R. Stumpf, and Davide Ruggero. "Investigating Myc-Dependent Translational Regulation in Normal and Cancer Cells." In The Myc Gene, 201–12. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_13.

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Le, Anne, and Chi V. Dang. "Studying Myc’s Role in Metabolism Regulation." In The Myc Gene, 213–19. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_14.

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Rakhra, Kavya, and Dean W. Felsher. "Generation of a Tetracycline Regulated Mouse Model of MYC-Induced T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." In The Myc Gene, 221–35. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_15.

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Huels, David J., Patrizia Cammareri, Rachel A. Ridgway, Jan P. Medema, and Owen J. Sansom. "Methods to Assess Myc Function in Intestinal Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Tumorigenesis." In The Myc Gene, 237–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mcy genes"

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Shaposhnikov, A. I., N. A. Vishnevskaya, V. Yu Shakhnazarova, D. S. Syrova, E. V. Borodina, O. N. Kovaleva, and O. K. Strunnikova. "Activation of protective reactions in barley plants during colonization of roots with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2137." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-118.

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The expression of the PAL gene, one of the host protection genes, in sterile barley plants and colonized F. culmorum and P. fluorescens 2137 were assessed. The obtained results indicate that strain 2137 may cause a more active protective response (1.5-2.1 fold) in barley than a phytopathogenic fungus.
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Mikov, D. S., E. R. Davoyan, Yu S. Zubanova, V. Ya Kovtunenko, V. V. Panchenko, and A. P. Kalmysh. "Identification of triticale lines resistant to leaf rust in the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-68.

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Creation of leaf rust resistant varieties is one of the main aims of breeding of this crop. 94 lines of triticale were screened on the presence of genes Lr10, Lr25, Lr26 and its combinations. Lr26 gene was identified in all samples, 3 lines are carriers of Lr10 gene and presence of Lr25 was established in 4 lines. Combination Lr10+Lr26 was identified in lines 13-15т2-6, 13-15т2-7, 13-99т5-7 and 10-205т3-31, combination Lr25+Lr26 was established in lines 13-159т1-17, 12-80т14-1, 12-т1т-5 and 12-80т14-10. Eighty-five lines are resistant to leaf rust and nine lines are susceptible. In four lines resistance to leaf rust is controlled by Lr25 gene, in other lines it may be controlled by other gene (-s).
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Pannekoek, H., M. Linders, J. Keijer, H. Veerman, H. Van Heerikhuizen, and D. J. Loskutoff. "THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PAI-1) GENE: NON-RANDOM POSITIONING OF INTRONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644767.

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The endothelium plays a crucial role in the regulation of the fibrinolytic process, since it synthesizes and secretes tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) as well as the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Molecular cloning of full-length PAI-1 cDNA, employing a human endothelial cDNA expression library, and a subsequent determination of the complete nucleotide sequence, allowed a prediction of the amino-acid sequence of the PAI-1 glycoprotein. It was observed that the amino-acid sequence is significantly homologous to those of members of the serine protease inhibitor ("Serpin") family, e.g. αl-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. Serpins are regulators of various processes, such as coagulation, inflammatory reactions, complement activation and share a common functional principle and a similar structure, indicative for a common primordial gene. The intron-exon arrangement of Serpin genes may provide a record for the structure of a primordial gene. A comparison of the location of introns among members of the Serpin family reveals that some introns are indeed present at identical or almost identical positions, however in many other cases there is no correspondence between the intron positions among different Serpin genes.Obviously, more data on the chromosomal gene structure of members of this family are required to formulate a scheme for the evolutionary creation of the Serpins. To that end, we have established the number and the precise location of the introns in the PAI-1 gene and have compared these data with those reported on other Serpin genes. For that purpose a human genomic cosmid DNA library of about 340.000 independent colonies was screened with radiolabelled full-length PAI-1 cDNA as probe. Two clones were found which contain the entire PAI-1 gene. Restriction site mapping, electron microscopic inspection of heteroduplexes and nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrate that the PAI-1 gene comprises about 12.2kilo basepairs and consists of nine exons and eight introns. Intron-exon boundaries are all in accord with the "GT-AG" rule, including a cryptic acceptor splice site found in intron 7. Furthermore, it is observed that intron 3 of the PAI-1 gene occupies an identical position as intron E of chicken ovalbumin and intron E of the ovalbumin-related gene Y. The location of the other seven introns is unrelated to the known location of introns in the genes encoding the Serpins, rat angiotensin, chicken ovalbumin (and gene Y), human antithrombin III and human al-antitrypsin. The 3' untranslated region of the PAI-1 gene is devoid of introns, indicating that the two mRNA species detected in cultured endothelial cells which share an identical 5' untranslated segment and codogenic region, but differ in the length of the 3' untranslated region, arise by alternative polyadenylation. An extrapolation of the position of the introns to the amino-acid sequence of PAI-1, and adaption of the view that the subdomain structure of the Serpins is analogous, shows that the introns of PAI-1 are non-randomly distributed. Except for intron 7, the position of the other seven introns corresponds with randon-coil regions of the protein or with the borders of β-sheets and a-helices. Extrapolation of the position of introns in the genes of other Serpins to their respective amino-acid sequences and subdomain structures also reveals a preference for random-coil regions and borders of subdomains. These observations are reminiscent of an evolutionary model, called "intron sliding", that accounts for variations in surface loops of the same protein in different species by aberrant splicing (Craik et al., Science 220 (1983) 1125). The preferential presence of introns in gene segments, encoding these variable regions, and absence in regions determining the general folding of these proteins would explain conservation of the structure during the evolution of those genes.
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Ong, Bruce A., Julian L. Allen, Jason Caboot, Oscar H. Mayer, Patrick Sleiman, and Hakon Hakonarson. "Gene Network Analysis Identifies Novel Lung Function Genes." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6024.

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Giannelli, B. F. "MOLECULAR GENETICS OF HAEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643981.

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Haemophilia B, an X-linked recessive disease with an incidence of 1/30,000 newborn males, is due to defects in the gene for coagulation factor IX, which is on the long am of the X chromosome at band Xq27.1. This gene consists of approximately 34 Kb and contains 8 exons which specify a mRtfc of 2803 residues coding for a protein of 415 aa preceded by a prepro signal peptide of 46 aa. Coripanson of the functional domains of the factor IX protein with the exon structure of the gene supports the exon/protein domain hypothesis of gene evolution. The factor IX gene seems to be formed by a number of functionally and evolutionally independent modules. The signal peptide and the gla (γcarboxy-glutamic) region encoded in the first three exons are homologous to those of factor X, protein C and prothrombin. Thevfourth and fifth exons which code for the connecting peptide are homologous to one another and to the epidermal growth factor, a module that has been used in the construction of a great variety of proteins including different members of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. The sixth exon encodes the activation peptide region, while the catalytic region of factor IX is coded by the seventh and eighth exon. This is at variance with other serine protease genes that have different exons for the segments containing the cardinal ami no-acids of the active centre (histidine, aspartic acid and serine).Natural selection acts against detrimental mutations of the factor IX gene and at each generation a proportion of haemophilia B genes is eliminated, as a significant number of patients does not reproduce. There appears to be no selective advantage to the heterozygote and therefore haemophilia B is maintained in the population by new mutations. Consequently, a significant proportion of patients should be born to non-carrier mothers, and unrelated patients should carry different gene defects, as recently verified by detailed analysis of individual haemophilia B genes.The defects of factor IX described so far comprise both point mutations and gene deletions. The latter affect either part or the whole of the gene and are often associated with the development of antibodies against therapeutically adninistered factor IX (the inhibitor complication). Since gene deletions may result in the complete absenceof factor IX synthesis or in the production of an extremely abnormal product, it has been suggested that mutationspreventing the synthesis of a factor IX gene product capable of inducing immune tolerance to normal factor IX is important in predisposing to the inhibitor complication.Among the point mutations described so far, those affecting the signal peptide are of particular interest. Substitutions of the arginine at positions -4 and -1 cause failure of propeptide cleavage. Thus they indicate that the propeptide consists of 18 aa an(lthat lts excision is necessary for factor IX function. It appears also that the propeptide contains a signal for γcarboxylation which has been conserved during the evolution of different γcarboxylated proteins.In spite of coagulant treatment, haemophilia B is a serious disease and one for which genetic counselling is required. Paramount for this is the detection of carriers and the diagnosis ofaffected male fetuses. DNA probes derived from the cloned factor IX gene have been used for this purpose. Carrier and first or second trimester prenatal diagnoses have been done using factors IX gene markers to follow the transmission of haemophilia B genes. Six sequence variations causing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the factor IX gene have been detected and used as markers for such indirect diagnoses The efficiency of the above markers is reduced by linkage disequilibrium but, nevertheless, they offer definite carrier and nremtal diagnoses in 75-80% of the relatives of familial cases of haemophilia B.The indirect detection of gene defects is of modest help in the counselling of individuals from the families of isolated patients, but new methods for the direct detection of gene mutations promise better results in such families and also the attainment of % diagnostic success in relatives of familial cases.Finally the successful expression of recombinant factor IX genes in tissue culture and transgenic mammals raises hopes of therapeutic advances.
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Polstein, Lauren R., and Charles A. Gersbach. "Photoregulated Gene Expression in Human Cells With Light-Inducible Engineered Transcription Factors." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80573.

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Systems for controlling gene expression in mammalian cells have a wide range of applications in medicine, biotechnology and basic science. An ideal gene regulatory system would allow for precise and specific control over the magnitude and kinetics of gene expression in space and time, while also exerting minimal influence on other genes and cellular components. Several gene regulatory systems have been developed in which orthogonal transcription machinery from prokaryotes or insects has been imported into mammalian cells and used to control the expression of a specific gene. Despite the transformative impact of these systems in biomedical and biological research, several limitations of these technologies restrict the scope of possible applications. For example, gene expression in these systems is controlled by a freely diffusible small molecule, such as an antibiotic or steroid. Consequently, it is not possible to achieve spatial control over gene expression within cell culture, tissues, or whole organisms. This is in contrast to natural mechanisms of biological regulation in which spatial control is critical, such as developmental patterning and tissue morphogenesis. Second, dynamic gene regulation requires the removal of these small molecules, which may be slow, laborious, and/or impractical for a particular application. To overcome these limitations, we have engineered an optogenetic system in which the magnitude of gene expression in human cells can be finely tuned by photoregulated synthetic transcription factors.
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7

Laug, Walter E. "HETEROGENOUS EXPRESSION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (PA) GENES IN THE HUMAN SARCOMA CELL LINE HT1080." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644395.

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Tumor cell derived PA activities are of crucial importance for tissue invasion and destruction by tumor cells. Therefore, we studied the expression of the PA genes in HT1080 cells using immunoenzymatic methods and specific PA gene probes.Immunenzymatic methods allowed only for the detection of urokinase like PA (u-PA) activities in HT1080 cells which was suppressed by treatment of the cells with dexamethasone (10-7 m). Despite the lack of u-PA activities, the cells still degraded extracellular tissue glycoproteins. Northern blot analysis with specific PA gene probe showed that HT1080 cells express both tissue type PA (t-PA) and u-PA. The enzymatic activities of t-PA were most likely masked by the simultaneous production of inhibitors of PA (PAI). Treatment of HT1080 cells with dexamethasone resulted in increased transcription of t-PA and decreased expression of the u-PA gene, explaining the unchanged tissue destruction by dexamethasone treated HT1080 cells.Cell clones secreting either large or small amounts of enzymatic PA activities were isolated from the parental HT1080 cell line using a fibrin agarose overlay technique.The expression of the u-PA gene was enhanced in high secreting PA clones compared to low secreting PA clones when analyzed on Northern blots. This heterogenous expression of the u-PA gene within the HT1080 cell line was confirmed by in situ hybridization with a specific u-PA gene probe.These findings demonstrate that PA gene expression can be missed with immunenzymatic methods due to simultaneous production of inhibitors of PA. In addition our results show that the expression of a given PA gene may be heterogenous on the cellular level within an established tumor cell line. These findings, therefore, suggest cellular variation of PA gene expression in tumor which may be of fundamental importance for tissue invasion and metastasis by cancer cells.
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"In silico analysis of the R2R3-Myb, bHLH-Myc and WDR proathocyanidins regulatory genes in Gossypium genus." In SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS (SBB-2020). Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2020-23.

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Ong, Bruce A., Jason Caboot, Julian Allen, Joseph McDonough, Patrick Sleiman, Jin Li, and Hakon Hakonarson. "Gene Network Analysis In A Pediatric Cohort Identifies Novel Lung Function Genes." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3488.

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Bomfim, Isabela Maria Fortaleza Neves, Yanne Naara Teixeira De Carvalho, Joyce Hercília Jerônimo Lins, Amanda Viera Barros, and Renato Motta Neto. "CULTURAS DE VIGILÂNCIA DE RESISTÊNCIA DE PACIENTES INTERNOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DO HOSPITAL REFERÊNCIA EM DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1202.

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Introdução: As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) são infeções adquiridas no curso de uma internação em uma unidade hospitalar. As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são os locais onde frequentemente ocorrem surtos por bactérias multirresistentes, visto a pressão seletiva e a disseminação de genes de resistência nestes ambientes. As culturas de vigilância de resistência são um conjunto de técnicas de isolamento e identificação de microrganismos resistentes aos antimicrobianos em indivíduos colonizados com a finalidade de prevenir as IRAS. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como meta traçar a frequência fenotípica e genotípica de bactérias multirresistentes dos pacientes internados na UTI do hospital estadual referência em doenças infectocontagiosas. Materiais e Métodos: A coleta das amostras foi feita nos sítios axilar, nasal e retal e processadas no LABMIC/UFRN. Os swabs de cada sítio foram semeados em caldo BHI para enriquecimento, e foi procedido o isolamento primário (IP) nos ágares sangue e MacConkey. Transcorridas 24 horas do IP, determinou-se as características morfotintoriais e as provas bioquímicas para a identificação dos espécimes. Identificada a bactéria, foi procedido o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, através da técnica de ágar disco-difusão, e testes fenotípicos para determinação do perfil de resistência das bactérias encontradas. Os espécimes com perfil de resistência aos carbapenêmicos passaram por PCR convencional para a determinação da presença dos genes blaIMP-1, blaIMP-2, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-48 e blaKPC e mcr-1. Resultados: Dezenove amostras apresentaram resistência aos carbapenêmicos e a CIM destes para o Imipenem e Polimixina B demonstrou 94,7% e 31,6% de resistência, respectivamente. Quanto aos genes testados, o gene blaNDM-1 foi expresso por 21% das amostras e o gene blaKPC por 42,1% das amostras. Os demais não foram expressos. As cepas encontradas neste estudo são responsáveis por falhas terapêuticas severas e demonstram a complexidade da problemática da resistência bacteriana. Conclusão: Este trabalho denota a necessidade de medidas de contenção dos microrganismos que causam as IRAS e visa contribuir para o aprimoramento das condutas de vigilância em UTIs, auxiliando na prevenção e controle de transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes e no estabelecimento de ações de controle de surtos nestas unidades.
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Reports on the topic "Mcy genes"

1

Michelmore, R. Transposon tagging of disease resistance genes. Progress report, May 1, 1988--1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179207.

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2

Melkoumian, Zaroui. Regulation of C-myc Gene Expression by Potassium Channel Blocker Quindine in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384096.

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3

Michelmore, R. Transposon tagging of disease resistance genes. Final report, May 1, 1988--April 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179215.

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4

Doi, R. H. Characterization and expression of Clostridium cellulase genes. Progress report, May 1, 1987--April 30, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138103.

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5

Sheen, Joon-Ho. A Gene Amplification Phenotype in c-Myc-Induced Mammary Tumors Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396567.

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Sheen, Joon-Ho. A Gene Amplification Phenotype in c-Myc-Induced Mammary Tumors Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390716.

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Kuchka, M. R. Post transcriptional regulation of chloroplast gene expression by nuclear encoded gene products. Progress report, June 1, 1991--May 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10142165.

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8

Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Petz, Lawrence N. Expression of the Estrogen-Regulated pS2 Gene in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398062.

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10

Petz, Lawrence N. Expression of the Estrogen-Regulated pS2 Gene in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360028.

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