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Journal articles on the topic 'Michael addition reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Reznikov, Alexander N., and Yuri N. Klimochkin. "Recent Developments in Highly Stereoselective Michael Addition Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Complexes." Synthesis 52, no. 06 (2020): 781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690044.

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Achieving high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity simultaneously is a rather challenging task for asymmetric catalytic synthesis. Thanks to the rapid development of asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, significant progress has been made during recent years in achieving highly enantio- and diastereoselective conjugate addition reactions with a diverse combination of Michael donors and acceptors. This short review surveys the advances in transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric diastereoselective Michael addition including diastereodivergent catalysis developed between 2015 and 2019. T

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2

Thirumalaikumar, Muniappan. "Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 43, no. 1 (2011): 67–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304948.2011.547102.

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3

Liu, Zixuan. "Michael addition reaction and its examples." Applied and Computational Engineering 24, no. 6 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/24/ojs/20230669.

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Michael addition reaction refers to the conjugate addition reaction of carbocation to α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitrile, nitro compounds, etc. The reaction is an essential organic reaction, and it is used in organic synthesis to grow carbon chains and synthesize organic compounds with various functional groups. As one of the most valuable organic synthesis reactions, it is one of the most common ways to construct carbon-carbon bonds. This paper analyzes the mechanisms and the theories of some common Michael addition reactions. It also includes an example of

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4

Liu, Zixuan. "Michael addition reaction and its examples." Applied and Computational Engineering 24, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/24/20230669.

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Michael addition reaction refers to the conjugate addition reaction of carbocation to , -unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitrile, nitro compounds, etc. The reaction is an essential organic reaction, and it is used in organic synthesis to grow carbon chains and synthesize organic compounds with various functional groups. As one of the most valuable organic synthesis reactions, it is one of the most common ways to construct carbon-carbon bonds. This paper analyzes the mechanisms and the theories of some common Michael addition reactions. It also includes an example of t

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5

Bakó, Péter, Tamás Nemcsok, Zsolt Rapi, and György Keglevich. "Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to Enones." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 7 (2020): 746–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824666200316122221.

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: Many catalysts were tested in asymmetric Michael additions in order to synthesize enantioenriched products. One of the most common reaction types among the Michael reactions is the conjugated addition of malonates to enones making it possible to investigate the structure–activity relationship of the catalysts. The most commonly used Michael acceptors are chalcone, substituted chalcones, chalcone derivatives, cyclic enones, while typical donors may be dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, diisopropyl, dibutyl, di-tert-butyl and dibenzyl malonates. This review summarizes the most important enantioselec

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6

Jha, S. C., and N. N. Joshi. "Catalytic, enatioselective Michael addition reactions." Arkivoc 2002, no. 7 (2002): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0003.718.

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7

Hutchinson, David W., and David M. Thornton. "Michael addition reactions of ethenylidenebisphosphonates." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 346, no. 3 (1988): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(88)80134-7.

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8

Singh, Girija S. "Greener Approaches to Selected Asymmetric Addition Reactions Relevant to Drug Development." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 13 (2021): 1497–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210519100457.

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Asymmetric organic synthesis is of paramount importance in the development of drugs. Asymmetric addition reactions such as aldol reaction, Michael addition, and Mannich addition reactions are important carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions and have been employed in the synthesis of a broad range of biologically important molecules. Many of these reactions have been developed under solvent-free conditions or in greener solvents like water. Several reactions have been developed at room temperature or by using a non-conventional energy source such as microwave irradiation. Several greener catalyst

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9

Li, Hao, Liansuo Zu, Hexin Xie, Jian Wang, Wei Jiang, and Wei Wang. "Enantioselective Organocatalytic Double Michael Addition Reactions." Organic Letters 9, no. 9 (2007): 1833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol070581y.

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10

Hamlin, Trevor A., Israel Fernández, and F. Matthias Bickelhaupt. "How Dihalogens Catalyze Michael Addition Reactions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 26 (2019): 8922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201903196.

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11

Thirumalaikumar, Muniappan. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions." ChemInform 42, no. 31 (2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201131260.

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12

Sapkal, Anjali, Rakesh Kumar, and Abhijeet Purude. "Microwave induced synthesis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-7, 8-dihydroquinoline-5(6H)-one using proline catalyst." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 17, no. 1 (2024): 114–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11244964.

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In the present investigation synthesis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(6H)-one was successfully demonstrated from cyclohexane-1,3-dione using microwave heating using proline catalyst. The synthesis of Hexa-Hydro-Quinolone derivatives, carried out by sequential in situ, Michael Addition, Cyclisation, and Aromatization. A new protocol for one step synthesis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(6H)-one was successfully demonstrated from cyclohexane-1,3-dione with 98% yield.

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13

Lock Toy Ki, Yvette, Armelle Garcia, Franck Pelissier, et al. "Mechanochemistry and Eco-Bases for Sustainable Michael Addition Reactions." Molecules 27, no. 10 (2022): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103306.

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The Michael addition reaction was revisited with a full focus on sustainability combined with efficiency, using mechanochemistry in mild conditions. First, the synthesis of cyclopentenone derivatives was chosen as a model reaction to find optimal conditions in mechanochemistry while using classical but weak bases. The reaction was efficient (84–95% yields), fast (2–6 h), solvent free, and required 0.1 equivalent of base. Aiming to reach greener conditions, classical bases were then replaced using new bio-sourced bases, called Eco-bases, that were easily prepared from plants and led to heteroge

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14

Berne, Dimitri, Vincent Ladmiral, Eric Leclerc, and Sylvain Caillol. "Thia-Michael Reaction: The Route to Promising Covalent Adaptable Networks." Polymers 14, no. 20 (2022): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204457.

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While the Michael addition has been employed for more than 130 years for the synthesis of a vast diversity of compounds, the reversibility of this reaction when heteronucleophiles are involved has been generally less considered. First applied to medicinal chemistry, the reversible character of the hetero-Michael reactions has recently been explored for the synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs), in particular the thia-Michael reaction and more recently the aza-Michael reaction. In these cross-linked networks, exchange reactions take place between two Michael adducts by successive diss

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15

Kumar, Atul, and Akanksha. "Amino acid catalyzed thio-Michael addition reactions." Tetrahedron 63, no. 45 (2007): 11086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.033.

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16

Ye, Rong, Franco F. Faucher, and Gabor A. Somorjai. "Supported iron catalysts for Michael addition reactions." Molecular Catalysis 447 (March 2018): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2017.12.029.

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17

Rao, H. Surya Prakash, and S. Jothilingam. "Solvent-free microwave-mediated Michael addition reactions." Journal of Chemical Sciences 117, no. 4 (2005): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708445.

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18

Ellis, Graham W. L., C. David Johnson, and David N. Rogers. "Electronic Effects in Intramolecular Michael Addition Reactions." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 91, no. 5 (2010): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19820910596.

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19

Ashokkumar, Veeramanoharan, and Ayyanar Siva. "Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral catalysts act as highly efficient multifunctional organocatalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of malonates to nitroolefins." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 40 (2015): 10216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01351h.

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New pentaerythritol tetrabromide based chiral quaternary ammonium salts have been prepared and used as organocatalysts for enantioselective Michael addition reactions between various nitroolefins and Michael donors under mild reaction conditions with very good chemical yields and ee's.

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20

Bayly, C. I., and F. Grein. "Comparison of an intramolecular Michael-type addition with its intermolecular counterpart: an abinitio theoretical study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 12 (1989): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-337.

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Abinitio theoretical calculations were carried out on the intramolecular addition of 3-ketopent-4-en-1-olate 1 to form 1-oxacyclohex-3-en-4-olate 2 (reaction I; Scheme 1) and the corresponding intermolecular Michael addition of methanolate to butenone forming 4-methoxybut-2-en-2-olate 4 (reaction II; Scheme 1). The calculations were carried out at the RHF level using an augmented 4-31G basis set; single point energies were then taken using the 6-31 + G* basis set. The overall energy change of the reaction in going from reactants to products is very similar for both reactions, with products bei

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21

Nguyen, Kim, and David W. Lupton. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalysed Mukaiyama–Michael Reaction and Mukaiyama Aldol/Mukaiyama–Michael Three-Component Coupling Reaction." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (2017): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16566.

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An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalysed Mukaiyama–Michael addition between several trimethylsilyl (TMS) enol ethers and chalcone derivatives has been discovered. In addition, a related reaction cascade involving dehydrative Mukaiyama aldol followed by a Mukaiyama–Michael addition process has been developed. The later reaction can also be achieved as a three-component coupling reaction. The enantioselective variant of these reactions has been examined with homochiral catalysts. Though these catalysts were active, they fail to achieve enantioinduction.

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22

Naganaboina, Ram Tilak, Amrita Nayak, and Rama Krishna Peddinti. "Trifluoroacetic acid-promoted Michael addition–cyclization reactions of vinylogous carbamates." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 21 (2014): 3366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00437j.

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A simple and efficient methodology has been developed for the synthesis of pyrrolobenzoxazine and 3-arylamino coumarin derivatives promoted by trifluoroacetic acid. The initial step in the current protocol involves a Michael addition of the 1,4-benzoxazinone derivatives to the Michael acceptors and subsequent cyclization.

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23

Chen, Ziyang. "Diverse Applications and Eco-Friendly Catalysts for Michael Addition Reaction." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 83 (February 27, 2024): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/m6wb3328.

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Michael addition reaction, renowned for its mild reaction conditions facilitated by the absence of small molecule release, has become indispensable in creating numerous substances. It is a focal point in chemical research, fostering avenues for significant advancements. In tandem, the rise of green chemistry has emerged as a pivotal approach in modern chemical research, emphasizing pollution prevention at the source rather than remediation post-contamination. This innovative methodology advocates for developing technologies that substantially mitigate or eliminate waste detrimental to the envi

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24

Fan, Xuesen, Xueyuan Hu, Xinying Zhang, and Jianji Wang. "Ionic Liquid Promoted Knoevenagel and Michael Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 11 (2004): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04060.

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The utilization of the ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] as both reaction medium and promoter for the Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition reactions is described in this paper. Through these reactions, several useful electrophilic alkenes and chromene derivatives are obtained in high yields. The advantages of these two novel procedures include their environmentally benign nature, atom economy, simple operation process, and mild reaction conditions.

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25

Amer, F. A., M. Hammouda, A. A. S. El-Ahl, and B. F. Abdel-Wahab. "3-Pyrrolidinones: Michael Addition and Schmidt Rearrangement Reactions." Synthetic Communications 39, no. 3 (2009): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910802378373.

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26

Müh, Ekkehard, Jürgen Marquardt, Joachim E. Klee, Holger Frey, and Rolf Mülhaupt. "Bismethacrylate-Based Hybrid Monomers via Michael-Addition Reactions." Macromolecules 34, no. 17 (2001): 5778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma010394u.

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27

Kraus, George A., та Elena Dneprovskaia. "Michael addition reactions of α-acyloxy nitrile anions". Tetrahedron Letters 41, № 1 (2000): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02017-1.

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28

d'Angelo, Jean, Didier Desmaële, Françoise Dumas, and André Guingant. "The asymmetric Michael addition reactions using chiral imines." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 3, no. 4 (1992): 459–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80251-7.

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29

Sun, Xiu-Li, and Yong Tang. "Ylide-Initiated Michael Addition−Cyclization Reactions beyond Cyclopropanes." Accounts of Chemical Research 41, no. 8 (2008): 937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar800108z.

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30

Chatani, Shunsuke, Tao Gong, Brittany A. Earle, Maciej Podgórski, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Visible-Light Initiated Thiol-Michael Addition Photopolymerization Reactions." ACS Macro Letters 3, no. 4 (2014): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz500132j.

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31

Bunce, Richard A., Eric D. Dowdy, Paul B. Jones, and Elizabeth M. Holt. "Functionalized carbocycles by tandem dealkoxycarbonylation-Michael addition reactions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 25 (1993): 7143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00077a043.

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32

REDDY, D. B., V. PADMAVATHI, and M. M. REDDY. "ChemInform Abstract: Double Michael Addition Reactions of Bischalcones." ChemInform 23, no. 40 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199240159.

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33

Konuray, Fernández-Francos, Ramis, and Serra. "Acetoacetate Based Thermosets Prepared by Dual-Michael Addition Reactions." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091408.

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A novel set of dual-curable multiacetoacetate-multiacrylate-divinyl sulfone ternary materials with versatile and manipulable properties are presented. In contrast to common dual-curing systems, the first stage polymer herein consists of a densely crosslinked, high Tg network as a result of base-catalyzed multiacetoacetate-divinyl sulfone Michael addition. A more flexible secondary network forms after base-catalyzed Michael addition of remaining multiacetoacetate to multiacrylate. Curing is truly sequential as the rates of the two Michael additions are significantly different. Curing kinetics w

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34

Christoffers, Jens, and David Kieslich. "Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis." Synthesis 53, no. 19 (2021): 3485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1499-8943.

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AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to a carbonyl group is the basis for several cyanide-catalyzed organic reactions, which are summarized in this review. Since cyanide is also a good leaving group, it is an excellent catalyst for transacylation reactions. As an electron-withdrawing group, it also stabilizes a negative charge in its α-position, thus allowing the umpolung of aldehydes to formyl anion equivalents. The two leading examples are the benzoin condensation and the Michael–Stetter reaction furnishing α-hydroxy ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are both cataly

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35

Wani, Aabid A., Sumit S. Chourasiya, Deepika Kathuria, and Prasad V. Bharatam. "1,1-Diaminoazines as organocatalysts in phospha-Michael addition reactions." Chemical Communications 57, no. 88 (2021): 11717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04657h.

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36

Mo, Xiu-Fang, Chang-Feng Xiong, Ze-Wen Chen, et al. "Zinc complexes supported by pyridine-N-oxide ligands: synthesis, structures and catalytic Michael addition reactions." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 35 (2020): 12365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00185f.

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Zinc complexes supported by pyridine-N-oxide ligands show highly efficient catalysis for Michael addition reaction. The NMR and MS experiments analysis displays intermediate [Zn(SR)<sub>2</sub>(HSR)<sub>4</sub>] has real catalytic activity for the addition reactions.

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37

Xu, Yuelin, Fengxi Li, Jinglin Ma, et al. "Lipase-Catalyzed Phospha-Michael Addition Reactions under Mild Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 22 (2022): 7798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227798.

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Organophosphorus compounds are the core structure of many active natural products. The synthesis of these compounds is generally achieved by metal catalysis requiring specifically functionalized substrates or harsh conditions. Herein, we disclose the phospha-Michael addition reaction of biphenyphosphine oxide with various substituted β-nitrostyrenes or benzylidene malononitriles. This biocatalytic strategy provides a direct route for the synthesis of C-P bonds with good functional group compatibility and simple and practical operation. Under the optimal conditions (styrene (0.5 mmol), biphenyp

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38

Shim, Jae Ho, Seok Hyun Cheun, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Deok-Chan Ha. "Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to Maleimides in Aqueous Media." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092759.

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Thiourea was introduced into (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine as an organocatalyst to promote the reaction between isobutyraldehydes and maleimides. Enantioselective Michael addition reaction was carried out as an eco-friendly method using water as the solvent. As a result of the reaction between isobutyraldehyde and maleimide, ≥97% yield and 99% enantioselectivity were obtained at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol%. The solvent effect can be explained by theoretical calculations that indicate the participation of a transition state, in which the CF3 substituent of the catalyst is a hydrogen

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39

Shim, Jae Ho, Seok Hyun Cheun, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Deok-Chan Ha. "Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to Maleimides in Aqueous Media." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092759.

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Thiourea was introduced into (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine as an organocatalyst to promote the reaction between isobutyraldehydes and maleimides. Enantioselective Michael addition reaction was carried out as an eco-friendly method using water as the solvent. As a result of the reaction between isobutyraldehyde and maleimide, ≥97% yield and 99% enantioselectivity were obtained at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol%. The solvent effect can be explained by theoretical calculations that indicate the participation of a transition state, in which the CF3 substituent of the catalyst is a hydrogen

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40

Rahul, Bhattacharya, K. Kesharwani Manoj, Manna Chinmoy, Ganguly Biswajit, and Pathak Tanmaya. "Influence of steric bulk around the vinyl sulfone bond on the reaction patterns of vinyl sulfone-modified carbohydrates. An experimental and theoretical investigation." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Oct 2013 (2013): 1643–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5791648.

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Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, West Bengal. India E-mail : tpathak@chem. iitkgp.ernet.in Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, Gujarat, India <em>E-mail :</em> ganguly@csmcri.org <em>Manuscript received 13 June 2013, accepted 14 June 2013</em> Steric bulks attached to sulfur atom of vinyl sulfone-modified hex-2-enopyranosides and the anomeric centre control the rate of reactions of these Michael a

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41

Chavelas-Hernández, Leticia, Luis G. Hernández-Vázquez, José D. Bahena-Martínez, et al. "Aza-Michael Additions of Benzylamine to Acrylates Promoted by Microwaves and Conventional Heating Using DBU as Catalyst via Solvent-Free Protocol." Processes 12, no. 1 (2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010034.

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In recent years, the use of solvent-free reactions represents a challenge for organic chemists, since it would help to optimize methodologies and contribute to the development of sustainable chemistry. In this regard, our research group has intensified efforts in the search for reactions that can be carried out in the absence of a solvent. In this paper, we present a protocol for the aza-Michael addition of benzylamine to α,β-unsaturated esters to prepare N-benzylated β-amino esters in the presence of catalytic amounts of DBU (0.2 eq) via solvent-free reaction. Depending on the α,β-unsaturated

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42

Nakamura, Itaru, Mai Tachibana, Riku Konta, Hiroki Tashiro, and Masahiro Terada. "Synthesis of meta-Aminophenol Derivatives via Cu-Catalyzed [1,3]-Rearrangement—Oxa-Michael Addition Cascade Reactions." Molecules 28, no. 10 (2023): 4251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104251.

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Cu-catalyzed reactions of N-alkoxy-2-methylanilines and alcohols in the presence of catalytic amounts of IPrCuBr and AgSbF6 afforded the corresponding meta-aminophenol derivatives in good to high yields. These reactions proceed via a [1,3]-rearrangement, in which the alkoxy group migrates from the nitrogen atom to the methyl-substituted ortho position, followed by an oxa-Michael reaction of the resulting ortho-quinol imine intermediate.

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43

Dong, Xiao-Yan, Yao Liang та Da-Ming Du. "Squaramide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction of α-Azidoindanones with Azadienes". Catalysts 15, № 4 (2025): 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15040364.

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An organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction of α-azidoindanones with azadienes was developed. A series of optically active benzofuran derivatives containing an azido group was obtained in 32–82% yields with 66:34–>95:5 dr and 53:47–90:10 er. These products demonstrate excellent stability. Furthermore, when the template reaction was scaled up, the reaction efficiency remained consistent. To further assess the practicality of this catalytic asymmetric reaction, two derivative reactions were successfully conducted, affording the corresponding derivative products in good yields and

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44

Li, Zheng, Wenli Song, Jiaojiao He, Yan Du, and Jingya Yang. "Synthesis of 4-arylethyl-6-arylpyrimidine-2-thiols through aza-Michael addition/nucleophilic addition/aromatization tandem reactions." Heterocyclic Communications 24, no. 1 (2018): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2017-0169.

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Abstract An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds by reactions of divinyl ketones with thiourea is described. This protocol has the advantages of high yields, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up procedure.

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45

Salmeia, Khalifah A., Akef T. Afaneh, Reem R. Habash, and Antonia Neels. "Trivinylphosphine Oxide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Polymerization Reactivity Investigated Using Single-Crystal Analysis and Density Functional Theory." Molecules 28, no. 16 (2023): 6097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166097.

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Organophosphorus chemicals are versatile and important in industry. Trivinylphosphine oxide (TVPO), for example, exhibited a promising precursor as a flame-retardant additive for industrial applications. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations were used to explore the kinetic and thermodynamic chemical processes underlying the nucleophilic addition reactions of TVPO in order to better understand their polymerization mechanisms. An experimental X-ray single-crystal study of TVPO supported this work’s theory based on its computed findings. TVPO was prepared using POCl3 and VMB in a temperatu

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46

Kang, Tai-Ran, Jian-Wu Xie, Wei Du, Xin Feng та Ying-Chun Chen. "Stereoselective desymmetrisation of prochiral α,α-dicyanoalkenes via domino Michael–Michael addition reactions". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 6, № 15 (2008): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b809308c.

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47

Fujieda, Nobutaka, Atsushi Tonomura, Tomofumi Mochizuki, and Shinobu Itoh. "Asymmetric Michael addition catalysed by copper–amyloid complexes." RSC Advances 14, no. 1 (2024): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07900g.

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48

Megens, Rik P., and Gerard Roelfes. "DNA-based catalytic enantioselective intermolecular oxa-Michael addition reactions." Chemical Communications 48, no. 51 (2012): 6366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc31854g.

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Abdel-rahman, M., and H. Abdel-ghany. "Michael-Type Addition Reactions of Some Enamines to Arylidenepyrazolones." Synthetic Communications 19, no. 11-12 (1989): 1987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918908052591.

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Mather, Brian D., Kalpana Viswanathan, Kevin M. Miller, and Timothy E. Long. "Michael addition reactions in macromolecular design for emerging technologies." Progress in Polymer Science 31, no. 5 (2006): 487–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.03.001.

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