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Journal articles on the topic 'Minimum transmission factor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

R, Murugesan*1 Dr M. Vijayaraj2 &. Dr. K. Vetrivel. "MULTI ATTRIBUTE MINIMUM THROTTLE APPROXIMATION BASED SINKHOLE DETECTION IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 6 (2017): 455–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814697.

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The presence of sinkhole attack in mobile adhoc network affects the quality of service of the network and the problem of mitigating sinkhole attack has been handled with different strategies. Still the methods suffers to achieve the mitigation performance and to overcome this issue, an efficient multi attribute minimum throttle approximation algorithm is presented in this paper. The method performs mitigation of sink hole attacks in distributed manner which improves the quality of service of the network. Each node maintains the trace about node energy, node location, displacement speed, and nu

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Li, Ying Zhi, and Wen Xia Liu. "Transmission Network Planning Model Considering Risk Constraint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1415.

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This paper has discussed the treatment of uncertainty in the market environment, using chance-constrained programming to describe the risk and Monte Carlo simulation method to calculate the risk factor, the risk factor is bound to establish transmission network flexible planning model, the result is a transmission planning of minimum comprehensive cost under uncertain environment for the future program.

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3

Khan, Ahmad, Zeeshan Rashid, Farhana Umer, Abdur Rehman Yousaf, and Arif Saeed. "Economic Dispatch with Transmission Losses in a Distributed Generation Network of Bahawalpur." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 17, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2021-0005.

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Abstract In an electrical power system, the ultimate aim is to generate and deliver electrical energy to consumer side with minimum cost involved. Thus, least fuel cost, effective unit commitment and minimum transmission losses are desirous to achieve economic dispatch in a distributed generation network. In this research, economic dispatch considering transmission losses in a distributed generation network of Bahawalpur is reported. A MATLAB algorithm is designed which gives optimum division of power between two power plants and their transmission losses. Power plants considered here are ther

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El-Hageen, Hazem M., Aadel M. Alatwi, and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. "RZ Line Coding Scheme With Direct Laser Modulation for Upgrading Optical Transmission Systems." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (2020): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0066.

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AbstractThis study reports the efficient use of a direct laser modulated response measured with the return-to-zero coding scheme in optical transmission systems. The measured direct laser modulated response has a bit rate of 1.2 Gbps for an optical fiber cable of a transmission length of 10 km. The eye diagram analyzer is used to calculate the maximum quality factor and minimum bit error rate of the proposed model. The maximum quality factor is 531.2, and the minimum bit error rate tends to zero for the same optical fiber channel length compared with that of the previous model. The proposed mo

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Kopecky, Kenneth E., George W. Pugh, and Timothy J. McDonald. "Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: Contact transmission." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 3 (1986): 622–24. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.03.622.

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SUMMARY The transmission of Moraxella bovis was studied in calves in the absence of the face fly (Musca autumnalis) or environmental conditions that might insult the eye. Thirty calves were placed in 10 groups of 1 experimentally infected calf and 2 contact calves each. Over 40 days, only 1 eye in 1 contact calf developed clinical infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The organism was recovered in only 8 of 20 contact calves, whereas infection and disease occurred in all experimentally infected calves. Transmission of M bovis occurring in the absence of some other intervening factor was prob

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Cavallo, A. J. "Wind Tubine Cost of Electricity and Capacity Factor." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 4 (1997): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888038.

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Wind turbines are currently designed to minimize the cost of electricity at the wind turbine (the busbar cost) in a given wind regime, ignoring constraints on the capacity factor (the ratio of the average power output to the maximum power output). The trade-off between these two quantities can be examined in a straightforward fashion; it is found that the capacity factor can be increased by a factor of 30 percent above its value at the cost minimum for a ten percent increase in the busbar cost of electricity. This has important implications for the large-scale integration of wind electricity o

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Yang, Shen Quan, Xing Wang Hu, Zhi Jie Zheng, Kui Hua Wu, and Yi Qun Wang. "Transmission Network Planning Scheme Considering N-2 Security under the Market Environment." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.639.

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Traditional Transmission Network Planning scheme only considers N and N-1 security , with little regard for safety of N-2 system. This paper introduces the relaxation factor establishing Transmission Network Planning model, and further considers the N-2 secure of double-circuit transmission line on the basis of relaxation on the N-1 constraints. A hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) Model is proposed to solve the model.The final Transmission Network Planning scheme meets the reliability requirements under uncertain environment and has the minimum overall cost.A simulation model to simulate th

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Gita Sekar, Prihanti, Irma Nur Sukmawati, Firman Arief, et al. "Pregnant Women’s Factor toward Motherto-Child Transmission of HIV practice." Saintika Medika 17, no. 2 (2021): 191–203. https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.vol17.smumm2.18536.

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In 2005 , there are 700.000 people infected with HIV each day around the world. Among those 200.000 are children under 15 with the highest mortality rate within those under 1 year old. According to the official guideline of released by Indonesian Ministry of Health 2011, strategies to prevent vertical infection of HIV has to be done comprehensively in order to reduce the risk to a minimum. This study aim to identify the factors of pregnant women toward mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV practice. A Cross-Sectional study design with observational analytic was conducted in this study and

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Saoud, Hamza A. "Performance Simulation of a FTTH/GPON Optical Communication System for Different Lengths Using OptiSystem software." International Science and Technology Journal 35, no. 1 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/licase2110.

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High-speed data transmission over long distances is a big challenge in the telecommunications world. Therefore, a reliable communication network is needed to provide this service to subscribers. Fiber optics is based on Fiber to the Home (FTTH / GPON) network, which is a fiber optic architecture that uses fibers as transmission channels to customers' homes or offices. In this proposed paper, the optical fiber analysis to the houses at different lengths (5-35km) presented and discussed. The transmission power was set to 5 dBm, from the results of the design optisystem tools, when the optical fi

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10

Xing, Jinyuan, Chenze Han, Jun Tian, Hao Wu, and Tiebing Lu. "Influence of Ion Flow Field on the Design of Hybrid HVAC and HVDC Transmission Lines with Different Configurations." Energies 18, no. 14 (2025): 3657. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143657.

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Due to the coupling of DC and AC components, the ion flow field of HVDC and HVAC transmission lines in the same corridor or even the same tower is complex and time-dependent. In order to effectively analyze the ground-level electric field of hybrid transmission lines, the Krylov subspace methods with pre-conditioning treatment are used to solve the discretization equations. By optimizing the coefficient matrix, the calculation efficiency of the iterative process of the electric field in the time domain is greatly increased. Based on the limit of electric field, radio interference and audible n

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11

Humam Husseinˡ, Dogu Cagdas Atilla, Essa Essa, and Cagatay Aydin. "Transmission (2Gbps) over optical fiber cable by using radio over fiber and wavelength division multiplexing techniques." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 5 (2019): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v24i5.427.

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In recent years, there has been a growing and continuous demand for great (data rates) beyond existing wired and wireless networks. Radio-over-Fiber technology is considered as an efficient and practical solution for providing broadband wireless. In this paper, many techniques are used to implement a system that has the capability to provide a great bit rate, broadband bandwidth, and minimum cost. So Radio-over-Fiber technology was used to modulate the light with radio-signal and transmission the signals through an optical fiber cable. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing technique was used to sen

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Zavvari, Mahdi. "Design of Photonic Crystal-Based Demultiplexer with High-Quality Factor for DWDM Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 2 (2019): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0058.

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Abstract In this article, we proposed a four-channel optical demultiplexer based on photonic crystal resonant cavities. For performing wavelength selection task, we used four resonant cavities with different lengths in order to choose four channels with different wavelengths. The average channel spacing of the structure is about 1 nm and the minimum transmission efficiency is 90 %. The bandwidths of the channels are the same and equal to 0.8 nm.

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13

Yang, Liu, Guo Xin Zheng, Chao Pan, and Zhao Pu Chai. "VMCK Transmission System Design for SDR Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1340.

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Very minimum chirp keying (VMCK) as a novel high bandwidth efficiency modulation scheme is implemented on small form factor (SFF) software-defined radio (SDR). The VMCK transmission system model is elaborated based on Simulink within Matlab. Also, the final demodulation data stream at the output of the VMCK transmission system shows good performance in simulation. The transmitter and the receiver are designed on the SDR platform. The VMCK baseband signals with 2.5MHz are transmitted from Matlab workspace by ROM block, and then the VMCK signals are ratio frequency (RF) modulated with 432MHz. In

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Syed, Mohd Faisal, and Zaidi Taskeen. "Implementation of ACO in Vanet with Detection of Faulty Node." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 19 (2021): 1598–614. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i19.76.

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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> To propose an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing approach for estimating the reliability parameter of backward and forward ants. <strong>Methods:</strong> The ACO-based proposed methodology is used to predict path or route discovery in VANET. This study has discovered the best optimal path for data transmission. The forward ant movement has a minimum hop count of four for vehicle number 6. The vehicle 6 is a source vehicle, and it starts data transmission. The pheromone concentration of the entire vehicle defers and, after updating,

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Dui, Xiao Wei, and Gui Ping Zhu. "Reactive Compensation Research of HVAC Cables for Offshore Wind Farms." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.433.

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This paper proposes a reactive compensation optimization method for HVAC cables of offshore wind farms, establishing the optimization model of reactive compensation capacity of HVAC submarine cables with cable current-carrying capacity as the main constraints. The maximum transmission power and transmission distance of HVAC submarine cables are calculated, considering the constraints including power factor, line loss and reactive compensation cost. Using minimum average annual cost as the objective function compensation capacity of both cable ends and corresponding average annual cost is obtai

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16

Aadel, M. Alatwi, Nabih Zaki Rashed Ahmed, and A. Abd El-Aziz Ismail. "High speed modulated wavelength division optical fiber transmission systems performance signature." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 19, no. 2 (2021): pp. 380~389. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i2.16871.

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This study presents modulated-wavelength division radio signals over fiber with mixed modulation techniques in the transmitter stage. Hybrid optical sources are used to achieve optimal performance and enhancement for an optical fiber communication network. The proposed modulation techniques work at a frequency of 250 GHz. Optical quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) and phase modulation (PM) techniques were merged to create OQPSKPM. This was in addition to the minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation scheme that was applied in the proposed model. The modulated wavelength division multiplexing de

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17

Husseinˡ, Humam, Dogu Cagdas Atilla1, Essa Essa2, and Cagatay Aydin1. "Transmission (2Gbps) over optical fiber cable by using radio over fiber and wavelength division multiplexing techniques." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 5 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i5.877.

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In recent years, there has been a growing and continuous demand for great (data rates) beyond existing wired and wireless networks. Radio-over-Fiber technology is considered as an efficient and practical solution for providing broadband wireless. In this paper, many techniques are used to implement a system that has the capability to provide a great bit rate, broadband bandwidth, and minimum cost. So Radio-over-Fiber technology was used to modulate the light with radio-signal and transmission the signals through an optical fiber cable. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing technique was used to sen

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18

Saman Shahab Farooqui, Aisha Sana, Atiya Kaleem, Fatima Qamar, and Quratulain Waseem. "Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Corona Virus (Covid 19) and the Effect and Composition of Smoke." International Journal of Trends in Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (2023): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.61980/3049-7620/2023/1/8.

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The epidemic of Covid-19 has caused a panic situation among the people around the world. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China, in December 2019.People have become worried about their health conditions as it seems like a serious threat to the health of people throughout the globe. There can be several factors that can contribute in the transmission of this virus; therefore, in this review report we discussed the role of environmental factors in transmission of navel Corona virus and the effect of smoke on its transmission. The effect of smo

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19

As’ari, Aziemah Athirah, Nur Ilyana Anwar Apandi, Nor Aishah Muhammad, Rozeha A. Rashid, Mohd Adib Sarijari, and Jamaliah Salleh. "Energy efficiency scheme for relay node placement in heterogeneous networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (2023): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4050.

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Relay node (RN) placement expands the network coverage and capacity and significantly reduces the energy consumption of heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Energy efficiency is the system design parameter in HetNets as it determines network operators' energy consumption and economic value. Relay is one of the energy-saving methods, where it can reduce the transmit power by breaking a long transmission distance into several short transmissions. However, placing an RN without a proper transmission distance may lead to a waste of energy. Thus, investigating an optimum RN placement in HetNets is cru

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20

Roy, Sangita, and Sheli Sinha Chaudhuri. "Fast Single Image Haze Removal Scheme Using Self-Adjusting." International Journal of Virtual and Augmented Reality 3, no. 1 (2019): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvar.2019010103.

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At present the classical problem of visibility improvement is hot topic of research. An image formation optical model is presented where a clear day image has high contrast with respect to an image plagued with bad weather. A degraded daytime image has high intensity with minimum deviation among pixels in every channel. No reference digital image haze removal is a problem. The static haziness factor for all types of images cannot be applicable for effective haze removal. A minimum intensity channel of the three RGB channels is estimated as transmission of an image with a dynamic haziness facto

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Jadhavar, Abhishek, Sandhyarani Gavali, Aashlesha Chavan, and Prof Sayyad A.P. "TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, no. 1 (2023): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i01.045.

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Transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Transmission lines a principal amount of power. The requirement of power and its allegiance has grown up exponentially over the modern era, and the major role of a transmission line is to transmit electric power from the source area to the distribution network. The exploded between limited production and a tremendous claim has grown the focus on minimizing power losses. Losses like transmission loss and also conjecture factors as like as physical losses to various technical losses, Another thing is the primary factor it has a re

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Jadhavar, Abhishek, Sandhyarani Gavali, Aashlesha Chavan, and Prof Sayyad A.P. "TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 5, no. 1 (2023): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i01.052.

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Transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Transmission lines a principal amount of power. The requirement of power and its allegiance has grown up exponentially over the modern era, and the major role of a transmission line is to transmit electric power from the source area to the distribution network. The exploded between limited production and a tremendous claim has grown the focus on minimizing power losses. Losses like transmission loss and also conjecture factors as like as physical losses to various technical losses, Another thing is the primary factor it has a re

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23

Yang, Shao Bo, Jun Fu Zhang, Jin Ge Wang, and Xing Qiao Deng. "Optimal Design of Drive System in Wind Power Generation Acceleration Gearbox Based on Matlab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.50.

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Performance of gearbox drive system has a great impact on the working life of the whole drive mechanism, especially in wind power generation systems. Using the power split differencial drive system, the objective function of speed up Gearbox optimal design is built adopting the nonlinear constrant minimum function Fmincon from Matlab, the constraints are settled and the relevant parameters of the gearbox with the minimum volume while satisfying the transmission ratio are finally obtained. Then the optimised results is verified with single factor method. The results show that the overall volume

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Korkmaz, Semih. "Multiple ultra-narrow band-stop filters based on MIM plasmonic waveguide with nanoring cavities." Physica Scripta 99, no. 3 (2024): 035503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad203d.

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Abstract In this work, multiple ultra-narrow band-stop filters based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguide filters with high efficiency are designed and analyzed numerically. The relationship between incident radiation and transmission spectra is investigated between 0.45 μm and 1.5 μm in the electromagnetic spectrum by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The designed structures have a bus waveguide coupled with nanoring cavity resonators of different sizes. Minimum transmission is 1.3% at 622 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) is 8.64 nm and the quality factor is

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Yang, Shen Quan, Xing Wang Hu, Xiao Lei Zhang, Kui Hua Wu, and Bo Yang. "Considering the Wire Erecting Model of Transmission Grid Planning under the Market Environment." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.263.

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Electricity market reform has brought new challenges to transmission grid planning, the traditional only considers a future scenarios of transmission grid planning, this method can’t meet the actual needs. In this paper, the uncertainty factors of market environment is analyzed, based on the relaxation factor and the way of wiring ,the transmission grid planning model is established. The security not only takes the N-1 breaking cases into account, but also includes the same tower Multiple-loop breaking at the same time. The model is solved using the methods based on Monte Carlo simulation and

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26

Khan, Suhaib Ahmad, Mohd Tariq, Asfar Ali Khan, Shabana Urooj, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. "An Experimental Study and Statistical Analysis on the Electrical Properties of Synthetic Ester-Based Nanofluids." Energies 15, no. 23 (2022): 9127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239127.

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The rise in power demand today necessitates its generation and transmission at high voltages. The efficient transmission of electric power requires transformers with an insulation system that exhibits excellent dielectric properties. In this paper ZnO and CuO nanomaterials are utilized to investigate the dielectric characteristics of pure synthetic ester oil and its related nanofluids (NFs) from room temperature up to 60 °C at increments of 20 °C, including AC breakdown voltage, Dielectric Dissipation factor, and DC resistivity. The breakdown testing is carried out in accordance with experimen

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Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Asad Shaykh, et al. "Transmission Line Fault Detection: A Review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp199-205.

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<p>Transmission line is the most important part of the power system. Transmission lines a principal amount of power. The requirement of power and its allegiance has grown up exponentially over the modern era, and the major role of a transmission line is to transmit electric power from the source area to the distribution network. The exploded between limited production, and a tremendous claim has grown the focus on minimizing power losses. Losses like transmission loss and also conjecture factors as like as physical losses to various technical losses, Another thing is the primary factor i

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28

Saragih, Izzah Dienillah, Winni Ramadhani Elistria Tumanggor, Indra Chahaya, and Cholina Trisa Siregar. "Assesment risk factor for tuberculosis transmission among children: Case study in Medan." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 2025016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025016.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect individuals of all age groups. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report in 2022, approximately 1.2 million children and adolescents under the age of 15 were diagnosed with TB. Additionally, a significant increase in TB incidence among children in Indonesia was observed, rising from 42,187 cases in 2021 to 100,726 new cases in 2022. Based on Riskesdas data from 2018, North Sumatra ranks second among provinces with the highest incidence of tuberculosis cases. The aim of this study was to identify the

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Sharipov, V. M., G. O. Kotiev, Yu S. Shchetinin, M. V. Vyaznikov, S. V. Gaev, and M. G. Rozenoer. "On the selection of parameters of double-flow hydromechanical transmission for industrial and forestry tractors." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 3 (2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66117.

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Double-flow hydromechanical transmissions are widely used in industrial and forestry tractors. The main advantage of such transmission is the higher value of the maximum efficiency coefficient in comparison with the single-flow one. The article presents a method of selection of parameters of such transmissions for industrial and forestry tractors. In this case, it considers the hydromechanical transmission with a differential unit at the input and at the output. Three-link differential devices with mixed type of gear engagement are used as the differential unit. All of the twelve possible sche

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Turovsky, Oleksandr, Andrii Zakharzhevskyi, Anatoliy Makarenko, and Larysa Dakova. "Construction of a simulated dynamic model of data packet routing on a telecommunication network fragment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 9 (125) (2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.287677.

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The object of the current research is the process of routing data packets in a telecommunications network. It was established that the state and parameters of data transmission channels and routers could have a negative impact and need to be taken into account in the process of modeling the routing of data packets in telecommunication networks. A model of simulated dynamic modeling of data packet routing in telecommunication networks has been devised and proposed. The suggested model makes it possible to establish quantitative values of the delay time of processing data packets during their ro

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Duan, Zhengxiang, Xin Yang, Tao Zhang, and Ling Wang. "Optimal Position and Target Rate for Covert Communication in UAV-Assisted Uplink RSMA Systems." Drones 7, no. 4 (2023): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7040237.

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With the explosive increase in demand for wireless communication, the issue of wireless communication security has also become a growing concern. In this paper, we investigate a novel covert communication for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted uplink rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) systems, where a UAV adopts the rate-splitting (RS) strategy to increase the total transmission rate while avoiding deteriorating the covert transmission of a ground user. In the proposed system, a ground user and a UAV adopt the RSMA scheme to simultaneously communicate with a base station surveilled by a

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Al-Mashhadani, Zinah A. "Utilizing 64-QAM for Enhanced Data Transmission in Underwater Optical Communication System." Indian Journal of Data Communication and Networking 5, no. 2 (2025): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijdcn.b5040.05020225.

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Underwater acoustic channels are affecting by many factors like time varying multipath propagation, Doppler spread, and salinity, which can greatly limit the quality of data rate and transmission distance. Underwater optical communication represents a crucial technology that supporting higher data rate, secure links and low latency. In his paper the use of 64- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM) in underwater optical communication systems is investigated. The system is designed to offer higher data rate than those of acoustic communication system. The proposed design achieve data rate of

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Zinah, A. Al-Mashhadani. "Utilizing 64-QAM for Enhanced Data Transmission in Underwater Optical Communication System." Indian Journal of Data Communication and Networking (IJDCN) 5, no. 2 (2025): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijdcn.B5040.05020225.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Underwater acoustic channels are affecting by many factors like time varying multipath propagation, Doppler spread, and salinity, which can greatly limit the quality of data rate and transmission distance. Underwater optical communication represents a crucial technology that supporting higher data rate, secure links and low latency. In his paper the use of 64- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64-QAM) in underwater optical communication systems is investigated. The system is designed to offer higher data rate than those of acoustic communication system. The proposed d

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Gomes, Adriana Fagundes, Aline Araújo Nobre, and Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz. "Temporal analysis of the relationship between dengue and meteorological variables in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001-2009." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 28, no. 11 (2012): 2189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2012001100018.

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Dengue, a reemerging disease, is one of the most important viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Climate is considered an important factor in the temporal and spatial distribution of vector-transmitted diseases. This study examined the effect of seasonal factors and the relationship between climatic variables and dengue risk in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2001 to 2009. Generalized linear models were used, with Poisson and negative binomial distributions. The best fitted model was the one with "minimum temperature" and "precipitation", both lagged by one month, controlled for "

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Wong, J. Y., N. Z. Abu Bakar, and H. Meera Hussain. "Mechanical Performance of 5-speed Manual Transmission Gearshift Bracket." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2523, no. 1 (2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2523/1/012042.

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Abstract The main purposes of a gear shift bracket for manual transmission are to hold the gear shift cables and acts as pivot during the gear shifting process. During the gear shifting process, the bracket experiences push and pull reciprocating forces which applied by the driver while selecting or shifting gears. This study presents the development of a simulation model to analyze the mechanical performance of a specific manual transmission gearshift bracket. Based on the simulation results, an optimized bracket design was proposed. Commercial CAD software and Finite Element (FE) Method soft

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Hotes, S., I. Traulsen, and J. Krieter. "An individual-based model for <i>Salmonella</i> transmission along the pig production chain." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 1 (2012): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-48-2012.

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Abstract. The aim was to develop an individual-based model for the transmission of Salmonella from farrowing farm to slaughterhouse. The present study concentrated on farrowing sows as the initial source of Salmonella transmission. The model was evaluated with a sensitivity analysis using a Plackett-Burman design. Three levels (minimum, default, maximum values) for all input factors were considered. The deviations from the default prevalences caused by the extreme values did not balance each other for several significant input factors. For these factors, the relation between input factor and r

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Yaser, Muhanad Jabar, Konstantin A. Polshchykov, and Ilya K. Polshchikov. "Algorithm for ensuring the minimum power consumption of the end node in the LoRaWAN network." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 11, no. 4 (2023): 168–74. https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11.i4.208.

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The paper approves the relevance of the development of theoretically justified tools aimed at power con-sumption minimization in the data transmission network of the LoRa WAN standard. Such a network is used to monitor various objects in a distributed system of the Internet of things. LoRa WAN end nodes have au-tonomous power supplies, for which energy costs saving is important. The paper presents expressions for estimating the power consumption of a LoRa WAN end node. Based on the results of computational exper-iments, a database was formed containing signal attenuation values and their corre

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A U, Athira, and Joseph Zacharias. "4 × 4 MIMO Fiber-Wireless System with RoF Transmission Capability." ITM Web of Conferences 54 (2023): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235402005.

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Transport networks, particularly fronthaul systems are facing substantial issues as a result of the expansion of radio access technologies (RATs) in 5G and beyond networks. Due to the difficulties and high expense of installing fiber links, a traditional fiber-optic based mobile transport system will not be adequate for delivering radio signals to new antenna sites. The ease and speed of installation make wireless transport systems an appealing alternative. In this work, a 4×4 MIMO fiber wireless system with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarisation division multiplexing (PDM) ra

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E., I. Elenwo. "Risk and Vulnerability of Settlements along Transmission Pipelines in Ogun and Lagos States, Nigeria." International Journal of Sciences Volume 8, no. 2019-01 (2019): 11–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3350537.

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Nigeria is a major oil and gas producer and exporter. One of the modes of transportation of these products both locally and internationally is via pipelines transmissions. The increase in demand for settlement spaces has caused more and more persons to seek refuge along pipeline right of ways. Available statistics has shown that pipeline right of ways has remained a danger zone because the physical environment of an impacted area leaves evidences of degradation on the soil, vegetation and loss of lives and property. This research examined the risk and Vulnerability of settlements along the tra

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R., Lakshmi Thara, P. Aruna Priya, and Chittaranjan Nayak. "1D randomised photonic crystals: the influence as single and dual channel narrowband filter." Emerging Materials Research 11, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.21.00178.

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Nowadays, optical filters with high-level performances are highly demanded. While examining the light transmission properties of both periodic and random one-dimensional photonic crystals, it is observed that the random 1D photonic structures have more favorable properties to meet these demands. With the influence of randomness, the novel single and dual-channel narrowband filters at 1550 nm wavelength for optical telecommunication are presented in this study. For designing the narrowband filters, the central wavelength precision, quality factor, and peak transmission are of great importance.

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Kalambe, Shilpa, and Ganga Agnihotri. "Extraction of Transmission Parameters for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Energy Sources in Distribution Network." Journal of Energy 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/938958.

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This paper introduces a novel method for sitting and sizing the grid connected distributed generator (DG) for installation in distribution system at any input load condition, which is based on two port transmission equations, named as modified transmission parameters (MTP) method by considering the loss minimization as a constraint. If properly organized, with the help of various transmission parameters optimal DG allocation with minimum transmission losses, contribution of DG as well as the main supply source to each load, type of DG required to handle the existing power flow scenario, and op

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ZAGINAILOV, VLADIMIR I. "Identification of quality and energy efficiency of low-voltage power transmission." Agricultural Engineering, no. 1 (2024): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2024-1-80-88.

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Providing consumers with high quality electric power with minimum transmission losses is one of the problems of electric power transmission through power grids. Increasing reactive power of electric consumers, estimated by the load power factor, results in an increase in electricity losses and quality deterioration. To evaluate the influence of the load power factor on the transmission of active load power and to determine the quality and energy efficiency of electricity transmission through power lines, the authors analyzed the change in the parameters of one phase of a three-phase network wi

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Walidina, Muhammad Farhan, Kardiman Kardiman, and Iwan Nugraha Gusniar. "Analisis Tegangan Von Mises pada Poros Mesin Penggiling Sekam Padi Menggunakan Software Ansys." Jurnal METTEK 8, no. 1 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mettek.2022.v08.i01.p05.

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Poros adalah suatu bagian stasioner yang berputar, biasanya berpenampang bulat dimana berpasang elemen-elemen seperti puli, flywheel, engkol, dan elemen pemindah lainnya.. Poros bisa menerima beban-beban tarikan, tekan, lenturan atau puntiran yang bekerja sendiri-sendiri atau bergabungan satu dengan yang lainnya. Bila beban tersebut bergabung kita dapat mencari kekuatan statis dan dinamik. Salah satu mesin yang menggunakan poros dan sabuk puli sebagai transmisi yaitu mesin penggiling sekam padi menjadi bahan pakan ternak. Rancang bangun mesin penggiling sekam padi menjadi pakan ternak (dedak)

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Liang, Jiarong, Meng Yi, Weiguang Zhang, Yanyan Li, Xinyu Liang, and Bin Qin. "On Constructing Strongly Connected Dominating and Absorbing Set in 3-Dimensional Wireless Ad Hoc Networks." Complexity 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9189645.

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In a wireless ad hoc network, the size of the virtual backbone (VB) is an important factor for measuring the quality of the VB. The smaller the VB is, the less the overhead caused by the VB. Since ball graphs (BGs) have been used to model 3-dimensional wireless ad hoc networks and since a connected dominating set can be used to represent a VB undertaking routing-related tasks, the problem of finding the smallest VB is transformed into the problem of finding a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS). Many research results on the MCDS problem have been obtained for unit disk graphs and unit ball

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Wu, Weiwei. "A secure encryption method of communication channel based on cloud computing technology." Web Intelligence 19, no. 3 (2021): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/web-210470.

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The traditional channel encryption method is interfered by noise signal, which leads to long encryption time and poor security. This paper proposes a communication channel security encryption method based on cloud computing technology. In order to obtain the minimum benefits of the same channel and orthogonal channel in the frequency conversion receiver, the dual input and dual output model is constructed; the influence of time domain and frequency domain on the transmission signal is analyzed, and the nonlinear transmission characteristics of the channel signal are obtained. Through cloud com

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Anis, A. A., C. B. M. Rashidi, and S. A. Aljunid. "Analysis using multiple free space optic channel with amplification to mitigate haze attenuation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp546-554.

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Weather severity has unfavorable effect on FSO transmission performance. The impact could result in poor quality of transmission and communication failure. This paper presents the analysis using multiple free space optic channels with amplification to mitigate haze attenuation. The visibility is progressively reduced due to the attenuation effects, causing the bit error rate to increase. Three designs of FSO system are proposed in this research as they are simulated and analysed thoroughly using Optisys software. The achieved result shows improved performance for Design 3, as the minimum BER a

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P, Venkatesh, Narmadha T V, Ponnrajakumari M, and Lavanya K. "Time Domain and Qualitative Analysis of a Compact Asymmetrically Fed Circular UWB Antenna for WBAN Scenarios." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 16, no. 1 (2025): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.16.1.5.

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This article presents about the design, time domain analysis and qualitative analysis of a circular monopole Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) applications. The size of the proposed antenna is 30 x 30 x 1 mm3. The proposed antenna provides Ultra wide bandwidth from 2 – 10 GHz and also complies with IEEE C95.3 safety standards. The simulated and measured results are close to each other with minimum deviations. To ensure proper and less distorted communication in real time scenarios, time domain analysis was done for free space, on body and off body conditions.

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Nelin, E. A., and Yu V. Nepochatykh. "Fano Resonance in Transmission Line." Visnyk NTUU KPI Seriia - Radiotekhnika Radioaparatobuduvannia, no. 84 (March 30, 2021): 88–94. https://doi.org/10.20535/radap.2021.84.88-94.

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Introduction. Wave phenomena are fundamental in our world. One of the key wave phenomena is resonance, in which the amplitude of the forced oscillations increases sharply. The resonance characteristic of an oscillator — an oscillatory structure with one resonant frequency — is symmetrical with a good approximation. In 1961, Ugo Fano obtained a formula for the asymmetric resonance, later called the Fano resonance. The Fano resonance is due to two-wave interference and is observed in structures of various wave nature. The uniqueness of the Fano resonance is due to the combination of full transmi

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Li, Jianan, Yu Li, Haonan Jiang, and Quanhua Zhao. "Hierarchical Transmission Tower Detection from High-Resolution SAR Image." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030625.

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The small scale of transmission towers and the environmental diversity around their situations make their detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images a challenging task. This paper presents a new hierarchical detection algorithm for transmission towers. First, Signal-to-Clutter Ratios (SCRs) of pixels are calculated. Afterwards, a SCR threshold is set. Since transmission towers possess strong scattering characteristics, pixels with SCRs above the threshold are considered as potential transmission tower pixels. Second, spatial densities of potential transmission tower pixels are calculat

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Putra, Dwi Permana, Marsul Siregar, Lanny Pandjaitan, Karel O. Bachri, and Catherine O. Sereati. "Performance Comparison of HFC and FTTH Using Optisystem Software." JURNAL INFOTEL 17, no. 2 (2025): 252–67. https://doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v17i2.1271.

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This research present the Analysis of the application of Optisystem software technology for FTTH and HFC shows that both have the capability for the WDM systems, to support a maximum transmission distance of 20 kilometers and can serve up to 32 subscribers. Key factors such as signal strength, Q factor, and bit error rate (BER) were observed and analyzed discreetly. It was found that FTTH has an average Q factor of 13.49 and HFC has an average Q factor of 7.475. The difference is about 44.59%, which indicates that FTTH has an advantage in terms of signal quality. However, based on the simulati

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