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Journal articles on the topic 'Modification changes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dveirin, Oleksandr, Viktor Riabkov, Liudmyla Kapitanova та Danylo Kirnoson. "Методологія формування предметної області модифікаційних змін у важкому транспортному літаку". Aerospace Technic and Technology, № 1 (27 лютого 2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2023.1.01.

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The subject of study is the process of forming the parameters of modification changes in a heavy transport aircraft. The goal is to develop the subject area of modification changes with the help of design models. The task is to develop models for determining the parameters of modification changes of the base aircraft based on the subject area of the modification project, namely: a model of the decomposition of modification changes of the base aircraft with the selection of parameter levels, which made it possible to apply more reliable assessment methods for different groups of parameters; a m

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Hoffmann, Anne, Lieselotte Erber, Heike Betat, Peter F. Stadler, Mario Mörl, and Jörg Fallmann. "Changes of the tRNA Modification Pattern during the Development of Dictyostelium discoideum." Non-Coding RNA 7, no. 2 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7020032.

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Dictyostelium discoideum is a social amoeba, which on starvation develops from a single-cell state to a multicellular fruiting body. This developmental process is accompanied by massive changes in gene expression, which also affect non-coding RNAs. Here, we investigate how tRNAs as key regulators of the translation process are affected by this transition. To this end, we used LOTTE-seq to sequence the tRNA pool of D. discoideum at different developmental time points and analyzed both tRNA composition and tRNA modification patterns. We developed a workflow for the specific detection of modifica

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Marta, Herlina, Hana Nur Layalia Hasya, Zahra Indah Lestari, Yana Cahyana, Heni Radiani Arifin, and Siti Nurhasanah. "Study of Changes in Crystallinity and Functional Properties of Modified Sago Starch (Metroxylon sp.) Using Physical and Chemical Treatment." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224845.

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Sago starch has weaknesses such as low thermal stability and high syneresis. Modifications were made to improve the characteristics of native sago starch. In this study, sago starch was modified by autoclave-heating treatment (AHT), osmotic-pressure treatment (OPT), octenyl-succinic anhydride modification (OSA), and citric acid cross-linking (CA). This study aimed to examine the changes in chemical composition, crystallinity, and functional properties of the native sago starch after physical and chemical modifications. The results show that physical modification caused greater granule damage t

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Han, Dali, and Meng Michelle Xu. "RNA Modification in the Immune System." Annual Review of Immunology 41, no. 1 (2023): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-045401.

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Characterization of RNA modifications has identified their distribution features and molecular functions. Dynamic changes in RNA modification on various forms of RNA are essential for the development and function of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the value of innovative RNA modification profiling technologies to uncover the function of these diverse, dynamic RNA modifications in various immune cells within healthy and diseased contexts. Further, we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby aberrant RNA modifications modulate the immune milieu of the tumor micro

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Li, Yinglu, Zhiming Li, and Wei-Guo Zhu. "Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulators as Activatable Targets in Cancer Theranostics." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 8 (2019): 1328–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170921101947.

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Epigenetics is defined as somatically inheritable changes that are not accompanied by alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetics encompasses DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, non-coding RNA as well as nucleosome remodeling. Notably, abnormal epigenetic changes play a critical role in cancer development including malignant transformation, metastasis, prognosis, drug resistance and tumor recurrence, which can provide effective targets for cancer prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Understanding these changes provide effective means for cancer diagnosis and druggable targets for better

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Lampi, Mirka, Pavlina Gregorova, M. Suleman Qasim, Niklas C. V. Ahlblad, and L. Peter Sarin. "Bacteriophage Infection of the Marine Bacterium Shewanella glacialimarina Induces Dynamic Changes in tRNA Modifications." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (2023): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020355.

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that, throughout evolution, have adapted numerous strategies to control the translation machinery, including the modulation of post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) on transfer RNA (tRNA). PTMs are critical translation regulators used to further host immune responses as well as the expression of viral proteins. Yet, we lack critical insight into the temporal dynamics of infection-induced changes to the tRNA modification landscape (i.e., ‘modificome’). In this study, we provide the first comprehensive quantitative characterization of the tRNA mod

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Kapitanova, Liudmyla V., Danylo S. Kirnosov, and Viktor I. Riabkov. "Criterion Basis for Assessment of Transport Aircrafts Modifications by Cost Indicators." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 26, no. 2 (2023): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pmach2023.02.039.

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The subject of research in the paper is the process of forming a criterion base to evaluate the effectiveness of carrying out modification changes in a transport category aircraft. The goal is to develop supporting criteria for making decisions regarding the expediency of modification changes, namely, during design, during production, and at the stage of its operation, at each stage of the life cycle of a new transport category aircraft. The complexity of the task lies in the need to develop a model for evaluation of the consequences of changing the aircraft for each stage separately, which wo

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8

Gow, Merrilyn L., and Roger J. Ingham. "Stuttering Modification and Changes in Phonation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (1994): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.343b.

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9

Hojiyev, Rustam, Gafure Ersever, İbrahim Ethem Karaağaçlıoğlu, Fırat Karakaş, and Feridun Boylu. "Changes on montmorillonite characteristics through modification." Applied Clay Science 127-128 (July 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.03.042.

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10

Tu, Jinglei, Jun Sheng Li, Guoxia Huang, and Liujuan Yan. "Correlation between surface hydrophobicity changes and surface activity changes of soybean protein isolates caused by structural changes." International Food Research Journal 31, no. 4 (2024): 952–67. https://doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.31.4.13.

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The present work aimed to examine the association between the changes in the surface hydrophobicity and surface activity of soybean protein isolate (SPI) following structural alterations. To this end, the effects of heating, pH modification, ultrasonication, surfactant (SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate) treatment, alkaline protease hydrolysis, peracetic acid treatment, and acylation on the surface activity and surface hydrophobicity of SPI were investigated. The results demonstrated that the changes in the surface hydrophobicity of SPI could accurately reflect the changes in its surface activity.

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Lu, Xuefeng, and Tae Hyun. "The role of epigenetic modifications in plant responses to stress." Botanica Serbica 45, no. 1 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2101003l.

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Epigenetics is the study of hereditary changes in gene expression under the premise that the nucleotide sequence is not changed. Such hereditary changes mainly involve DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. These covalent modifications play indispensable roles in regulating gene expression; DNA replication, recombination, and repair; and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications can be partially inherited by daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis and influenced by external factors, such as environmental stresses and supply deficits. In this review, we summariz

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12

Huang, Chang, Mo Xu, and Bing Zhu. "Epigenetic inheritance mediated by histone lysine methylation: maintaining transcriptional states without the precise restoration of marks?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1609 (2013): 20110332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0332.

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‘Epigenetics’ has been defined as the study of ‘mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence’. Chromatin modifications are major carriers of epigenetic information that both reflect and affect the transcriptional states of underlying genes. Several histone modifications are key players that are responsible for classical epigenetic phenomena. However, the mechanisms by which cells pass their histone modifications to daughter cells through mitotic division remain to be unveiled. Here, we review recent progress in the field

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Lebret, Thierry, Dominique Rossi, Marc Zerbib, et al. "Changes in hormonal therapy during the first 24 months of treatment: A longitudinal cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (2017): e599-e599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.e599.

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e599 Background: Data are limited showing changes in patients’ use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in routine clinical practice. Methods: In this non-interventional, longitudinal cohort study, we assessed the number and type of modifications of ADT during the first 24 months of treatment in France. At baseline and every 6 months, we collected clinical, biological and therapeutic data and any changes of ADT modality. Results: Between July 2011 and January 2015, 891 pts were evaluable at 24 months. Mean age was 74.1±8.7 years. Indications for ADT were: biochemical relapse after local treat

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Tikhonov, Dmitry, Liudmila Kulikova, Vladimir Rudnev, et al. "Changes in Protein Structural Motifs upon Post-Translational Modification in Kidney Cancer." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101836.

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Post-translational modification (PTM) leads to conformational changes in protein structure, modulates the biological function of proteins, and, consequently, changes the signature of metabolic transformations and the immune response in the body. Common PTMs are reversible and serve as a mechanism for modulating metabolic trans-formations in cells. It is likely that dysregulation of post-translational cellular signaling leads to abnormal proliferation and oncogenesis. We examined protein PTMs in the blood samples from patients with kidney cancer. Conformational changes in proteins after modific

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Lei, Chunguang, and Qingzhong Wang. "The Progression of N6-methyladenosine Study and Its Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (2022): 5922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115922.

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Epitranscriptomic modifications can affect every aspect of RNA biology, including stability, transport, splicing, and translation, participate in global intracellular mRNA metabolism, and regulate gene expression and a variety of biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as the most prevalent modification contributes to normal embryonic brain development and memory formation. However, changes in the level of m6A modification and the expression of its related proteins cause abnormal nervous system functions, including brain tissue development retardation, axon regeneration disorders, memor

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Yu, Chao-Chao, Tao Jiang, Ao-Fei Yang, Yan-Jun Du, Miao Wu, and Li-Hong Kong. "Epigenetic Modulation on Tau Phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s Disease." Neural Plasticity 2019 (April 10, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6856327.

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Tau hyperphosphorylation is a typical pathological change in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is involved in the early onset and progression of AD. Epigenetic modification refers to heritable alterations in gene expression that are not caused by direct changes in the DNA sequence of the gene. Epigenetic modifications, such as noncoding RNA regulation, DNA methylation, and histone modification, can directly or indirectly affect the regulation of tau phosphorylation, thereby participating in AD development and progression. This review summarizes the current research progress on the mechanisms of epi

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17

Brown, Simone B., Raymond J. Turner, Rodney S. Roche, and Kenneth J. Stevenson. "Conformational analysis of thioredoxin using organoarsenical reagents as probes. A time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and size exclusion chromatography study." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 1 (1989): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-004.

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Reduced thioredoxin was subjected to chemical modification studies employing organoarsenical reagents specific for "spatially close" thiols. Modification was monitored by the loss in the free thiol content, by the percent incorporation of radiolabelled organoarsenical reagents, and by observing the changes in the amounts of the various thioredoxins by size exclusion chromatography. The rate of modification depends upon the polarity, rigidity, and size of the reagents. Small nonpolar organoarsenical reagents readily modified reduced thioredoxin, whereas polar and large reagents do not. Modifica

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18

Lysenko, A. V., K. A. Levina, and K. F. Yankiv. "Determination of Physico-Chemical and Adsorption-Structural Parameters of Sawdust and Their Various Modifications at the Structural Level." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Engineering and Technology 13, no. 3 (2023): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1528-2023-13-3-224-240.

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The purpose of this work was to determine some physicochemical and adsorption-structural parameters of sawdust and their modified analogues.Methods. To determine the physicochemical and adsorption-structural parameters of sawdust and their various modifications, gravimetric, potentiometric, titrimetric methods of analysis were studied.To study the structure of sawdust, a Nicolet iS50 IR Fourier spectrometer and an OmegaScope™-SPM microscope with a confocal Raman and fluorescence spectrometer were used. The creation of molecular structural formulas was carried out in the integrated ChemOffice s

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19

Mohammad, Asad, and Sudhakar Jha. "Epimutations and Their Effect on Chromatin Organization: Exciting Avenues for Cancer Treatment." Cancers 15, no. 1 (2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010215.

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The three-dimensional architecture of genomes is complex. It is organized as fibers, loops, and domains that form high-order structures. By using different chromosome conformation techniques, the complex relationship between transcription and genome organization in the three-dimensional organization of genomes has been deciphered. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, are the hallmark of cancers. Tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are linked to these epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic inhibitors can reverse these altered modifications. A number of e

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Zhang, Shouyi, Tao Shen, and Yu Zeng. "Epigenetic Modifications in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Microenvironment." Cancers 15, no. 8 (2023): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082243.

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The gradual evolution of prostate tissue from benign tumor to malignant lesion or distant metastasis is driven by intracellular epigenetic changes and the tumor microenvironment remodeling. With the continuous study of epigenetic modifications, these tumor-driving forces are being discovered and are providing new treatments for cancer. Here we introduce the classification of epigenetic modification and highlight the role of epigenetic modification in tumor remodeling and communication of the tumor microenvironment.

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Hronova, Anna, Eliska Pritulova, Lucie Hejnova, and Jiri Novotny. "An Investigation of the RNA Modification m6A and Its Regulatory Enzymes in Rat Brains Affected by Chronic Morphine Treatment and Withdrawal." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 4371. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094371.

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent methylated modifications of mRNA in eukaryotes. This reversible alteration can directly or indirectly influence biological functions, including RNA degradation, translation, and splicing. This study investigates the impact of chronic morphine administration and varying withdrawal durations (1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks) on the m6A modification levels in brain regions critical to addiction development and persistence. Our findings indicate that in the prefrontal cortex, the m6A levels and METTL3 expression decrease, accompanied by an

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Wagaj, Parag, and Ahmet Kahraman. "Influence of Tooth Profile Modification on Helical Gear Durability." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 3 (2002): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1485289.

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A nonlinear finite element contact mechanics model of a helical gear pair was used to study the effect of intentional tooth profile modifications on durability of helical gear pairs. Both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modifications were considered. A detailed parametric study was performed to quantify the changes in the contact and bending stresses as a function of tooth profile modification parameters as compared to an unmodified gear pair baseline. The combined influence of modification parameters and torque transmitted on the maximum stresses is described. Results indicate

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Chakravarti, Bulbul, and Deb N. Chakravarti. "Oxidative Modification of Proteins: Age-Related Changes." Gerontology 53, no. 3 (2007): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000097865.

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Sacchi, Emanuele, Tarek Sayed, and Karim El-Basyouny. "Collision modification functions: Incorporating changes over time." Accident Analysis & Prevention 70 (September 2014): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.003.

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Conlin, Paul R. "Dietary modification and changes in blood pressure." Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 10, no. 3 (2001): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041552-200105000-00010.

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Kapitanova, Liudmyla, Viktor Riabkov, and Andriy Koryagin. "Decision support modeling in the procedure of increasing load capacity and flight efficiency of transport category aircraft modifications." Aerospace Technic and Technology, no. 1 (January 23, 2025): 4–13. https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2025.1.01.

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Enhancing flight efficiency is a pressing issue in the development of the aircraft manufacturing industry. Aircraft manufacturers in Europe, the USA, China, and Ukraine are following this path of improvement for such aircraft, as it is the most economically efficient approach. This method significantly reduces the time required for design, prototype production, flight testing, and the start of operation of the first units. At the National Aerospace University "KhAI", the Department of Aircraft and Helicopter Design has established a school focused on implementing necessary modification changes

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Monsour, Molly, Jonah Gordon, Gavin Lockard, et al. "Minor Changes for a Major Impact: A Review of Epigenetic Modifications in Cell-Based Therapies for Stroke." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (2022): 13106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113106.

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Epigenetic changes in stroke may revolutionize cell-based therapies aimed at reducing ischemic stroke risk and damage. Epigenetic changes are a novel therapeutic target due to their specificity and potential for reversal. Possible targets for epigenetic modification include DNA methylation and demethylation, post-translational histone modification, and the actions of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. Many of these epigenetic modifications have been reported to modulate atherosclerosis development and progression, ultimately contributing to stroke pathogenesis. Furthermore, epigenetics may pla

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Stepchenkova, Elena I., Sergey P. Zadorsky, Andrey R. Shumega, and Anna Y. Aksenova. "Practical Approaches for the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome Modification." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (2023): 11960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511960.

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The yeast S. cerevisiae is a unique genetic object for which a wide range of relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-time-consuming methods have been developed that allow the performing of a wide variety of genome modifications. Among the latter, one can mention point mutations, disruptions and deletions of particular genes and regions of chromosomes, insertion of cassettes for the expression of heterologous genes, targeted chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations and inversions, directed changes in the karyotype (loss or duplication of particular chromosomes, changes in the level of

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Ohkawa, Mayuka, and Masamitsu Konno. "RNA Modification Related Diseases and Sensing Methods." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (2023): 6376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116376.

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Epitranscriptomics is the study of RNA base modifications, including functionally relevant transcriptomic changes. Epitranscriptomics has been actively studied in recent years and has been reported to play important roles in development, homeostasis, the immune system, and various life phenomena such as cancer, neurological diseases, and infectious diseases. However, a major problem is the development of sequencing methods to map RNA base modifications throughout the transcriptome. In recent years, various methods for RNA base modification have been actively studied, and we are beginning to su

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Kawano, Fuminori. "Histone Modification: A Mechanism for Regulating Skeletal Muscle Characteristics and Adaptive Changes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093905.

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Epigenetics is getting increased attention in the analysis of skeletal muscle adaptation to physiological stimuli. In this review, histone modifications in skeletal muscles and their role in the regulation of muscle characteristics and adaptive changes are highlighted. The distribution of active histone modifications, such as H3K4me3 and H3 acetylation, largely differs between fast- and slow-twitch muscles. It is also indicated that the transcriptional activity in response to exercise differs in these muscle types. Histone turnover activated by exercise training leads to loosening of nucleosom

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Septiana, Fina Dwi, Fitri Amilia, and Astri Widyaruli Anggraeni. "MODIFIKASI FONOLOGIS BAHASA PROKEM DI MEDIA SOSIAL (TIKTOK, INSTAGRAM, X DAN YOUTUBE)." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2024): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/aksara.v8i1.723.

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This research aims to describe the form of phonological modification of Prokem language on social media (Tiktok, Instagram, X, and Youtube) which consists of forms of vowel phoneme modification and consonant modification. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation and note-taking documentation. The data in this research is in the form of spoken words in the form of modifications of vowel and consonant phonemes in prokem language on social media (Tiktok, Instagram, X, and Youtube). The data analysis technique used in this research uses

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Yoluç, Yasemin, Erik van de Logt, and Stefanie Kellner-Kaiser. "The Stress-Dependent Dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA and rRNA Modification Profiles." Genes 12, no. 9 (2021): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091344.

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RNAs are key players in the cell, and to fulfil their functions, they are enzymatically modified. These modifications have been found to be dynamic and dependent on internal and external factors, such as stress. In this study we used nucleic acid isotope labeling coupled mass spectrometry (NAIL-MS) to address the question of which mechanisms allow the dynamic adaptation of RNA modifications during stress in the model organism S. cerevisiae. We found that both tRNA and rRNA transcription is stalled in yeast exposed to stressors such as H2O2, NaAsO2 or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). From the abs

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Kubo, Katsumaro, Masahiro Kenjo, Yoshiko Doi, et al. "MRI appearance change during stereotactic radiotherapy for large brain metastases and importance of treatment plan modification during treatment period." Japanese Journal of Radiology 37, no. 12 (2019): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-019-00886-4.

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Abstract Purpose We aimed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance changes during stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for large sized brain metastases, and analyze the lesions necessitating treatment plan modification. Materials and methods A total of 23 patients (27 lesions, >2 cm in tumor diameter) underwent SRT and all lesions were evaluated the appearance changes which had the necessity of the treatment plan modification. The appearance change of tumor during SRT was evaluated using gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The reasons of the modification were classified into tumor reduct

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Zhang, Yaguang, Qin Zhang, Yang Zhang, and Junhong Han. "The Role of Histone Modification in DNA Replication-Coupled Nucleosome Assembly and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5 (2023): 4939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054939.

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Histone modification regulates replication-coupled nucleosome assembly, DNA damage repair, and gene transcription. Changes or mutations in factors involved in nucleosome assembly are closely related to the development and pathogenesis of cancer and other human diseases and are essential for maintaining genomic stability and epigenetic information transmission. In this review, we discuss the role of different types of histone posttranslational modifications in DNA replication-coupled nucleosome assembly and disease. In recent years, histone modification has been found to affect the deposition o

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Shubhi, Tamrakar, Shanmukh Vemparala Sai, and A. Prashanth. "Impact of Diet and Exercise on Fasting, Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels, and Hba1c in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 11 (2023): 781–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11221440.

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Background: According to estimates, the prevalence of diabetes among the Indian population reached around 77 million individuals in the year 2019. The projected estimate for this numerical value is anticipated to surpass 134 million by the year 2045. The implementation of dietary and physical activity modifications is crucial for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) can delay the onset of diabetes-related chronic conditions such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy, while also mitigating their advancement.  Methodology: In th

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Li, Zhi-Wei, Zhu-Mei Du, Ya-Wen Wang, Yu-Xi Feng, Ran Zhang, and Xue-Bing Yan. "Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Activity Changes of Land Plant Polysaccharides: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 19 (2022): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194161.

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Plant polysaccharides are widely found in nature and have a variety of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antitumoral. Due to their low toxicity and easy absorption, they are widely used in the health food and pharmaceutical industries. However, low activity hinders the wide application. Chemical modification is an important method to improve plant polysaccharides’ physical and chemical properties. Through chemical modification, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory abilities of polysaccharides were significantly improved. Some polysaccharides with poor water

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Hawer, Harmen, Alexander Hammermeister, Keerthiraju Ravichandran, Sebastian Glatt, Raffael Schaffrath, and Roland Klassen. "Roles of Elongator Dependent tRNA Modification Pathways in Neurodegeneration and Cancer." Genes 10, no. 1 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010019.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) is subject to a multitude of posttranscriptional modifications which can profoundly impact its functionality as the essential adaptor molecule in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of tRNA modification in response to environmental changes can tune the efficiency of gene expression in concert with the emerging epitranscriptomic mRNA regulators. Several of the tRNA modifications are required to prevent human diseases and are particularly important for proper development and generation of neurons. In addition to the positive role of different tRNA

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Abbas, Sk Jahir, Sabina Yesmin, Sandeepa K. Vittala, et al. "Target Bioconjugation of Protein Through Chemical, Molecular Dynamics, and Artificial Intelligence Approaches." Metabolites 14, no. 12 (2024): 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14120668.

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Covalent modification of proteins at specific, predetermined sites is essential for advancing biological and biopharmaceutical applications. Site-selective labeling techniques for protein modification allow us to effectively track biological function, intracellular dynamics, and localization. Despite numerous reports on modifying target proteins with functional chemical probes, unique organic reactions that achieve site-selective integration without compromising native functional properties remain a significant challenge. In this review, we delve into site-selective protein modification using

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Inoue, Futaba, Kenbun Sone, Yusuke Toyohara, et al. "Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052305.

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Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA met

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Dhar, Manoj Kumar, Parivartan Vishal, Rahul Sharma, and Sanjana Kaul. "Epigenetic Dynamics: Role of Epimarks and Underlying Machinery in Plants Exposed to Abiotic Stress." International Journal of Genomics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/187146.

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Abiotic stress induces several changes in plants at physiological and molecular level. Plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms guided towards establishment of stress tolerance in which epigenetic modifications play a pivotal role. We provide examples of gene expression changes that are brought about by conversion of active chromatin to silent heterochromatin and vice versa. Methylation of CG sites and specific modification of histone tail determine whether a particular locus is transcriptionally active or silent. We present a lucid review of epigenetic machinery and epigenetic alterations in

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Mbah, David A., Chi Lawrence Tawah, and Magellan Guewo-Fokeng. "Genetic Modification of Animals: Potential benefits and concerns." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 15, no. 3 (2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v15i3.2.

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Genetic modification (GM), a process whereby gene and genotype frequencies are changed among individuals of each generation, is driven by natural and artificial forces. Natural forces include mutation, fitness and migration/introgression, while artificial forces include selection, crossbreeding and transgenesis/genetic engineering. Genetic modification, driven by natural forces, is essentially adaptive, while modification driven by artificial forces is controlled by human intervention aimed at meeting food, health and other needs. Conventional genetic modification, under sexual reproduction wi

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Iwase, Akihiro, and Fuminobu Hori. "Modification of Lattice Structures and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials by Energetic Ion Irradiation and Subsequent Thermal Treatments." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs4010017.

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When materials are irradiated with high-energy ions, their energies are transferred to electrons and atoms in materials, and the lattice structures of the materials are largely changed to metastable or non-thermal equilibrium states, causing the modification of several physical properties. There are two processes for the material modification by ion irradiation; one is “the irradiation-enhanced process”, and the other is “the irradiation-induced process”. In this review, two kinds of recent results for the microstructural changes and the modifications of mechanical properties will be summarize

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Li, Xu, Pingdong Cai, Xinyuan Tang, Yingzi Wu, Yue Zhang, and Xianglu Rong. "Lactylation Modification in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Function and Mechanism." Metabolites 14, no. 4 (2024): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14040217.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the primary cause of mortality and morbidity on a global scale, and developing a clear treatment is an important tool for improving it. Cardiometabolic disorder (CMD) is a syndrome resulting from the combination of cardiovascular, endocrine, pro-thrombotic, and inflammatory health hazards. Due to their complex pathological mechanisms, there is a lack of effective diagnostic and treatment methods for cardiac metabolic disorders. Lactylation is a type of post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a regulatory role in various cellular physiologi

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Sánchez-Sancho, Francisco, Marcos Escolano, Daniel Gaviña, et al. "Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin(thio)one Containing Scaffold: Biginelli-like Reactions." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 8 (2022): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15080948.

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The interest in 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-(thio)ones is increasing every day, mainly due to their paramount biological relevance. The Biginelli reaction is the classical approach to reaching these scaffolds, although the product diversity suffers from some limitations. In order to overcome these restrictions, two main approaches have been devised. The first one involves the modification of the conventional components of the Biginelli reaction and the second one refers to the postmodification of the Biginelli products. Both strategies have been extensively revised in this manuscript. Regardin

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Dzowo, Yannick Kokouvi, Carly Wolfbrandt, Marino J. E. Resendiz, and Haobin Wang. "Modeling of canonical and C2′-O-thiophenylmethyl modified hexamers of RNA. Insights into the nature of structural changes and thermal stability." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2018): 10177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01739e.

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Modification of the C2′-O-position with thiophenylmethyl groups on both strands leads to thermal stabilization of the duplex. Predicting the effects that modifications will have on structure of RNA is of importance in the development of new RNA technologies.

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Labouré, Hélène, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Marc Fantino, and Stylianos Nicolaidis. "Behavioral, plasma, and calorimetric changes related to food texture modification in men." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 282, no. 5 (2002): R1501—R1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00287.2001.

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We hypothesized that food texture modifications might alter anticipatory reflexes, feeding behavior, and the postabsorptive consequences of ingestion. Two sets of complete meals with different textures but the same macronutrient composition were prepared. The first set was either a soup containing chunks of food (mixture) or the same soup blended until smooth (purée). The second set was either a rusk (R), a sandwich loaf (SL), or a liquid rusk meal (LR). We measured hunger and fullness feelings after ingestion of each food in a calibrated lunch, the ingestion rate, the duration between lunch a

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Sabi, Salsabeel H., Esam Y. A. Qnais, Tall Yara R. Al, Ammar M. Almaaytah, and Majed M. Masaadeh. "Pharmaco-epigenetics: Histone modification and personalized medicine." Pharmacia 70, no. (2) (2023): 337–49. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e104097.

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Epigenetic changes have a major effect in both normal and disease cases of organism. Multiple types of epigenetic changes as acetylation, methylation on either DNA or histone proteins, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. Epigenetic changes are associated with multiple diseases; one of the major diseases that bind with epigenetic changes is cancer. However, DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic changes that leads to disease such as cancer. Moreover, patients respond differently to drugs due to different genetic makeup or what called molecular changes in their cells. Both genet

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Chandak, Ankita, Sanju Bala Dhull, Prince Chawla, Melinda Fogarasi та Szabolcs Fogarasi. "Effect of Single and Dual Modifications on Properties of Lotus Rhizome Starch Modified by Microwave and γ-Irradiation: A Comparative Study". Foods 11, № 19 (2022): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11192969.

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A comparative study between two novel starch modification technologies, i.e., microwave (MI) and γ-irradiation (IR), is of important significance for their applications. The objective of this work is to compare the changes in lotus rhizome starch (LRS) subjected to single modifications by MI (thermal treatment) and IR (non-thermal treatment), and dual modification by changing the treatment sequence, i.e., microwave followed by irradiation (MI-IR) and irradiation followed by microwave (IR-MI). The amylose content of native and modified LRS varied from 14.68 to 18.94%, the highest and lowest val

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Sun, John C., Margarate W. Skinner, S. Y. Liu, and T. S. Huang. "Effect of Speech Processor Program Modifications on Cochlear Implant Recipients’ Threshold and Maximum Acceptable Loudness Levels." American Journal of Audiology 8, no. 2 (1999): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(1999/015).

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This study’s purpose was to determine whether or not modifications in speech processor electrical stimulation levels were associated with changes in five Nucleus 22 cochlear implant recipients’ thresholds or maximum acceptable loudness levels (MALs). These modifications in minimum and maximum stimulation levels were made to optimize hearing in everyday life. One threshold and one MAL were obtained on each active electrode during six, weekly test sessions, three before and three after program modification. Only one participant had a significant change in threshold after program modification; th

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He, Ruidi, Songnan Li, Gongqi Zhao, Ligong Zhai, Peng Qin, and Liping Yang. "Starch Modification with Molecular Transformation, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Industrial Usability: A State-of-the-Art Review." Polymers 15, no. 13 (2023): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132935.

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Starch is a readily available and abundant source of biological raw materials and is widely used in the food, medical, and textile industries. However, native starch with insufficient functionality limits its utilization in the above applications; therefore, it is modified through various physical, chemical, enzymatic, genetic and multiple modifications. This review summarized the relationship between structural changes and functional properties of starch subjected to different modified methods, including hydrothermal treatment, microwave, pre-gelatinization, ball milling, ultrasonication, rad

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