Academic literature on the topic 'N-gram method'

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Journal articles on the topic "N-gram method"

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Nguyen, Vu H., Hien T. Nguyen, Hieu N. Duong, and Vaclav Snasel. "n-Gram-Based Text Compression." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9483646.

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We propose an efficient method for compressing Vietnamese text usingn-gram dictionaries. It has a significant compression ratio in comparison with those of state-of-the-art methods on the same dataset. Given a text, first, the proposed method splits it inton-grams and then encodes them based onn-gram dictionaries. In the encoding phase, we use a sliding window with a size that ranges from bigram to five grams to obtain the best encoding stream. Eachn-gram is encoded by two to four bytes accordingly based on its correspondingn-gram dictionary. We collected 2.5 GB text corpus from some Vietnames
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Sanan, Majed, Mahmoud Rammal, and Khaldoun Zreik. "Arabic supervised learning method using N‐gram." Interactive Technology and Smart Education 5, no. 3 (2008): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17415650810908249.

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Fuketa, Masao, Kazuhiro Morita, and Jun-Ichi Aoe. "A Retrieval Method for Double Array Structures by Using Byte N-Gram." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 6, no. 2 (2014): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2014.v6.855.

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Arthur O. Santos, Flávio, Thiago Dias Bispo, Hendrik Teixeira Macedo, and Cleber Zanchettin. "Morphological Skip-Gram: Replacing FastText characters n-gram with morphological knowledge." Inteligencia Artificial 24, no. 67 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol24iss67pp1-17.

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Natural language processing systems have attracted much interest of the industry. This branch of study is composed of some applications such as machine translation, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, question and answer, and others. Word embeddings (i.e., continuous word representations) are an essential module for those applications generally used as word representation to machine learning models. Some popular methods to train word embeddings are GloVe and Word2Vec. They achieve good word representations, despite limitations: both ignore morphological information of the words and c
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Ogawa, Yasushi, and Toru Matsuda. "An efficient document retrieval method using n-gram indexing." Systems and Computers in Japan 33, no. 2 (2002): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.1106.

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Suryani Hormansyah, Dhebys, Eka Larasati Amalia, Luqman Affandi, Dimas Wahyu Wibowo, and Indinabilah Aulia. "N-Gram Accuracy Analysis in the Method of Chatbot Response." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.44 (2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.44.26973.

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Chatbot is a computer program designed to simulate interactive conversations or communication to users. In this study, chatbot was created as a customer service that functions as a public health service in Malang. This application is expected to facilitate the public to find the desired information. The method for user input in this application used N-Gram. N-gram consists of unigram, bigram and trigram. Testing of this application is carried out on 3 N-gram methods, so that the results of the tests have been done obtain the results for unigram 0.436, bigram 0.28, and trigram 0.26. From these
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Salas-Zárate, María del Pilar, José Medina-Moreira, Katty Lagos-Ortiz, Harry Luna-Aveiga, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-García, and Rafael Valencia-García. "Sentiment Analysis on Tweets about Diabetes: An Aspect-Level Approach." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5140631.

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In recent years, some methods of sentiment analysis have been developed for the health domain; however, the diabetes domain has not been explored yet. In addition, there is a lack of approaches that analyze the positive or negative orientation of each aspect contained in a document (a review, a piece of news, and a tweet, among others). Based on this understanding, we propose an aspect-level sentiment analysis method based on ontologies in the diabetes domain. The sentiment of the aspects is calculated by considering the words around the aspect which are obtained through N-gram methods (N-gram
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Jayadianti, Herlina, Budi Santosa, Judanti Cahyaning, Shoffan Saifullah, and Rafal Drezewski. "Essay auto-scoring using N-Gram and Jaro Winkler based Indonesian Typos." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 22, no. 2 (2023): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v22i2.2473.

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Writing errors on e-essay exams reduce scores. Thus, detecting and correcting errors automatically in writing answers is necessary. The implementation of Levenshtein Distance and N-Gram can detect writing errors. However, this process needed a long time because of the distance method used. Therefore, this research aims to hybrid Jaro Winker and N-Gram methods to detect and correct writing errors automatically. This process required preprocessing and finding the best word recommendations by the Jaro Winkler method, which refers to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). The N-Gram method refers to
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Maslan, Andi, Kamaruddin Malik Bin Mohamad, Abdul Hamid, Hotma Pangaribuan, and Sunarsan Sitohang. "Feature Selection to Enhance DDoS Detection Using Hybrid N-Gram Heuristic Techniques." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 7, no. 3 (2023): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.3.1533.

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Various forms of distributed denial of service (DDoS) assault systems and servers, including traffic overload, request overload, and website breakdowns. Heuristic-based DDoS attack detection is a combination of anomaly-based and pattern-based methods, and it is one of three DDoS attack detection techniques available. The pattern-based method compares a sequence of data packets sent across a computer network using a set of criteria. However, it cannot identify modern assault types, and anomaly-based methods take advantage of the habits that occur in a system. However, this method is difficult t
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Grieve, Jack, Isobelle Clarke, Emily Chiang, et al. "Attributing the Bixby Letter using n-gram tracing." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 3 (2018): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy042.

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Abstract There is a long-standing debate about the authorship of the Bixby Letter, one of the most famous pieces of correspondence in American history. Despite being signed by President Abraham Lincoln, some historians have claimed that its true author was John Hay, Lincoln’s personal secretary. Analyses of the letter have been inconclusive in part because the text totals only 139 words and is thus far too short to be attributed using standard methods. To test whether Lincoln or Hay wrote this letter, we therefore introduce and apply a new technique for attributing short texts called ‘n-gram t
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "N-gram method"

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Тонкошкур, С. В. "Інформаційна технологія проектування онлайн-платформи неформальної освіти". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72082.

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На основі алгоритму N-грам було розроблено власний алгоритм пошуку, виконано його програмну реалізацію та інтегровано у онлайн-платформу неформальної освіти, за рахунок чого покращено релевантість результатів пошуку. Також реалізовано інструменти адміністрування освітніх заходів, які спрощують і пришвидшують процес адміністрування освітніх заходів.
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Yus, Diego. "Long-term vehicle movement prediction using Machine Learning methods." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233556.

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The problem of location or movement prediction can be described as the task of predicting the future location of an item using the past locations of that item. It is a problem of increasing interest with the arrival of location-based services and autonomous vehicles. Even if short term prediction is more commonly studied, especially in the case of vehicles, long-term prediction can be useful in many applications like scheduling, resource managing or traffic prediction. In this master thesis project, I present a feature representation of movement that can be used for learning of long-term movem
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Wei, Zhihua. "The research on chinese text multi-label classification." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20025/document.

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Text Classification (TC) which is an important field in information technology has many valuable applications. When facing the sea of information resources, the objects of TC are more complicated and diversity. The researches in pursuit of effective and practical TC technology are fairly challenging. More and more researchers regard that multi-label TC is more suited for many applications. This thesis analyses the difficulties and problems in multi-label TC and Chinese text representation based on a mass of algorithms for single-label TC and multi-label TC. Aiming at high dimensionality in fea
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Garg, Sumit Kumar, and Ronak Kumar Meher. "Naive Bayes Model with Improved Negation Handling and N-Gram Method for Sentiment Classification." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7884/1/2015_MT_Naive_Garg.pdf.

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Sentiment classification is turning into one of the most fundamental research areas for prediction and classification. In Sentiment mining, we basically try to analyse the results and predict outcomes that are based on customer feedback or opinions. Some work has been done to increase the accuracy of the Naive Bayes classifier. In this project we have examined different methods of improvising the accuracy and space of a Naive Bayes classifier for sentiment classification. We have used a modified negation handling method using POS tagging to decrease the number of feature in the feature set and
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Gonçalves, Carlos Jorge de Sousa. "Parallel and Distributed Statistical-based Extraction of Relevant Multiwords from Large Corpora." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/28488.

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The amount of information available through the Internet has been showing a significant growth in the last decade. The information can result from various sources such as scientific experiments resulting from particle acceleration, recording the flight data of a commercial aircraft, or sets of documents from a given domain such as medical articles, news headlines from a newspaper, or social networks contents. Due to the volume of data that must be analyzed, it is necessary to endow the search engines with new tools that allow the user to obtain the desired information in a timely and ac
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Books on the topic "N-gram method"

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Voutilainen, Atro. Part-of-Speech Tagging. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0011.

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This article outlines the recently used methods for designing part-of-speech taggers; computer programs for assigning contextually appropriate grammatical descriptors to words in texts. It begins with the description of general architecture and task setting. It gives an overview of the history of tagging and describes the central approaches to tagging. These approaches are: taggers based on handwritten local rules, taggers based on n-grams automatically derived from text corpora, taggers based on hidden Markov models, taggers using automatically generated symbolic language models derived using
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Plecháč, Petr. Versification and Authorship Attribution. Karolinum Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/9788024648903.

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The technique known as contemporary stylometry uses different methods, including machine learning, to discover a poem’s author based on features like the frequencies of words and character n-grams. However, there is one potential textual fingerprint stylometry tends to ignore: versification, or the very making of language into verse. Using poetic texts in three different languages (Czech, German, and Spanish), Petr Plecháč asks whether versification features like rhythm patterns and types of rhyme can help determine authorship. He then tests its findings on two unsolved literary mysteries. In
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Book chapters on the topic "N-gram method"

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Hema, P. H., and C. Sunitha. "Malayalam Spell Checker Using N-Gram Method." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2734-2_23.

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Puspitasari, Devi Ambarwati, Adi Sutrisno, and Hanif Fakhrurroja. "N-gram Based Authorship Analysis in Indonesian Text: Evidence Case Study in Authorship Dispute Cases." In Engaging Indonesia. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2336-2_10.

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AbstractThreats through anonymous letters continue to be reported in Indonesia. Threatening letters are being sent via SMS, e-mail, and private messaging apps such as WhatsApp. Authorship analysis is commonly used to determine the author of an anonymous text. The study uses N-gram tracing to determine the author of an anonymous letter by analyzing three sets of texts from three unique authors. The data was analyzed by determining, tracing, and computing N-grams in each set of texts being compared, both at the character and word levels. Statistical tests were also performed during the data anal
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Sarkar, Kamal. "An N-Gram Based Method for Bengali Keyphrase Extraction." In Information Systems for Indian Languages. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19403-0_6.

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Presannakumar, Krishna, and Anuj Mohamed. "An Enhanced Method for Review Mining Using N-Gram Approaches." In Innovative Data Communication Technologies and Application. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9651-3_51.

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Parvin, Hamid, Behrouz Minaei, Hossein Karshenas, and Akram Beigi. "A New N-gram Feature Extraction-Selection Method for Malicious Code." In Adaptive and Natural Computing Algorithms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20267-4_11.

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Kuta, Marcin, and Jacek Kitowski. "Optimisation of Character n-gram Profiles Method for Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection." In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07176-3_44.

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Xiaojuan, Wang, Kaiwenlv Kacuila, and He Mingshu. "An N-gram Based Deep Learning Method for Network Traffic Classification." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78612-0_24.

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Min, Kyongho, William H. Wilson, and Yoo-Jin Moon. "Syntactic and Semantic Disambiguation of Numeral Strings Using an N-Gram Method." In AI 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11589990_11.

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Suzuki, Tetsuya. "Introduction of N-gram into a Run-Length Encoding Based ASCII Art Extraction Method." In Current Trends in Web Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24800-4_3.

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Saha, Suprativ, and Tanmay Bhattacharya. "An Approach to Find Proper Execution Parameters of n-Gram Encoding Method Based on Protein Sequence Classification." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9942-8_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "N-gram method"

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Caraba, Marioara Nicoleta, Valeriu Caraba, Gabi Dumitrescu, Elena Pet, and Roxana Popescu. "ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC AND N-HEXANE EXTRACTS OF VISCUM ALBUM." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s25.19.

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Plants are sources of compounds with medicinal potential, an impressive number of medicines have in their composition compounds isolated from natural sources, many of them being used since ancient times, in traditional medicine. Aromatic and medicinal plants are sources of various nutrients and non-nutritive molecules, many of which exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. V. album extracts have a complex chemical composition, some of the identified compounds being responsable for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. The chemical composition of V. album extracts differs depen
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Wisky, Irzal Arief, Sarjon Defit, and Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo. "A Hybrid Method of N-Gram and Bag-of-Words (BoW) Models on the Assessment of Adolescent Personality Traits Through the Application of the Naïve Bayes Algorithm." In 2024 International Conference on Future Technologies for Smart Society (ICFTSS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icftss61109.2024.10691340.

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Svete, Anej, Nadav Borenstein, Mike Zhou, Isabelle Augenstein, and Ryan Cotterell. "Can Transformers Learn n-gram Language Models?" In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.550.

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Noji, Hiroshi, Daichi Mochihashi, and Yusuke Miyao. "Improvements to the Bayesian Topic N-Gram Models." In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1118.

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Merrill, William, Noah A. Smith, and Yanai Elazar. "Evaluating n-Gram Novelty of Language Models Using Rusty-DAWG." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.800.

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Wang, Rui, Masao Utiyama, Isao Goto, Eiichro Sumita, Hai Zhao, and Bao-Liang Lu. "Converting Continuous-Space Language Models into N-Gram Language Models for Statistical Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1082.

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Liu, Huichuan, Yong Zeng, Zhihong Liu, Jianfeng Ma, and Xiaoyan Zhu. "Adaptive N-Gram Model Based Differentially Private Trajectory Synthesis Method." In 2019 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nana.2019.00068.

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Guo, Zhida, Qinghao Li, Xiaoli Li, et al. "SQL Injection Detection Method Based on N-Gram and TFIDF." In 2023 International Seminar on Computer Science and Engineering Technology (SCSET). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scset58950.2023.00053.

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Yao, Hong, and Wu Guo. "Speaker Recognition Method Based on Phone N-gram Pruning and KPCA." In 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccee.2009.21.

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Suzuki, Takayuki, Kazunori Sakamoto, Fuyuki Ishikawa, and Shinichi Honiden. "An approach for evaluating and suggesting method names using n-gram models." In the 22nd International Conference. ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2597008.2597797.

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Reports on the topic "N-gram method"

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Chulalaksananukul, Warawut. Synthesis and amyl acetate by lipases from various microorgamisms. Chulalongkorn University, 1997. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1997.15.

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The main objective of this study is to synthesize biofragrance "amyl acetate" naturally extractable from the flowers of the Thai plant called "Nom Maew" (Rauwenhoffia siamenesis Scheff.) by a biotechnological method. Lipases from various microorganisms namely Aspergillus niger, Candida cylindracea, Pseudomonas species and Mucor miehei were applied to catalyze the synthetic reaction between amyl alcohol and octyl acetate through the process of "transesterification". The reaction mixture was incubated in organic solvent, hexane, at 40 ํC, with continous stirring by magnetic stirrer. The products
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van Dijk, Wim, and Harm de Boer. Het effect van tijdstip en methode van vernietigen van gras op hergroei van gras en wortelonkruiden, gewasproductie en risico’s van N-verliezen bij de teelt van het volggewas pootaardappelen : Resultaten veldonderzoek 2020-2023. Wageningen Plant Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/658394.

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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, et al. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on
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Yedidia, I., H. Senderowitz, and A. O. Charkowski. Small molecule cocktails designed to impair virulence targets in soft rot Erwinias. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134165.bard.

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Chemical signaling between beneficial or pathogenic bacteria and plants is a central factor in determining the outcome of plant-microbe interactions. Pectobacterium and Dickeya (soft rot Erwinias) are the major cause of soft rot, stem rot, and blackleg formed on potato and ornamentals, currently with no effective control. Our major aim was to establish and study specific bacterial genes/proteins as targets for anti-virulence compounds, by combining drug design tools and bioinformatics with experimental work. The approach allowed us to identify and test compounds (small molecules) that specific
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