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Books on the topic 'Needle parameters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Uncertainties that flight crews and dispatchers must consider when calculating the fuel needed for a flight. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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2

Prohorov, Viktor. Semiconductor converters of electrical energy. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019082.

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The textbook considers the need, principles and methods of mutual conversion of parameters of electric energy at DC and AC for stationary and Autonomous objects. Features of operation of power electronics elements in specific conditions of their continuous high-frequency switching are described. Low-current control systems that provide the necessary logic for the operation of Executive power devices of converters are considered. A large number of specific practical electrical diagrams of electric energy converters are given. It is intended for students studying in the direction of 13.03.

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Okolelova, Tamara, and Syergyey YEngashyev. Scientific basis of feeding and keeping poultry. Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02037-1.

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The book covers the basic principles of nutrient rationing for poultry. The data on the needs of all types of poultry, taking into account age, in nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances are given. The characteristic of the main feed means and rational norms of their inclusion in the compound feed for poultry are given. Modern data on the role of vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzyme preparations, probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, antioxidants, fat emulsifiers and other sources of biologically active substances in poultry nutrition are presented. Attentio

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Shul'zhenko, Tat'yana, Andrey Zhuk, and Dar'ya Ivanova. Logistics of new urban mobility: a value-oriented approach. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1971850.

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The monograph reveals the provisions of a value-oriented approach to the management of logistics systems of public urban passenger transport, relevant to the conditions of a client-centered economy and aimed at increasing the sustainability of the functioning of the passenger transport complex of the city in the context of the development of alternative forms of urban mobility. The ideological basis of the author's concept of a value—oriented approach is the understanding of the duality of the recipient of the services of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport - passengers an

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Lampropoulos, Andreas, ed. Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.

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<p>Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that despite the continuous developments of novel materials and new strengthening techniques, the majority of the existing structures are still unprotected and at high seismic risk. The repair and strengthening framework is a complex process and there are often barriers in the preventative upgrade of the existing structures related to the cost of the applications and the limited expertise of the engineers. The engineers need to consider various options thoroughly and the selection of the appropriate strategy is a crucial parameter for the success o

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6

Pitt, Matthew. Motor unit anatomy and physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the signals recorded with needle electromyography (EMG) and the measurement of their specific parameters. These parameters include duration, amplitude, number of phases, and stability. The concept of the electrophysiologic biopsy and the explanation of unusual findings seen on EMG are introduced. In relation to the interference pattern, discussions of the firing rate, recruitment order, and interference pattern are given. Moving from the theoretical explanation of the findings, the problems of the accurate quantitative analysis of the motor unit potential are discussed

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7

Bárány, András. A parameter hierarchy for agreement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804185.003.0006.

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This chapter models some of the results of the previous chapter. It builds on the recently developed notion of parameter hierarchies. Parameter hierarchies are sets of dependent parameters giving rise to chains of implicational relations among languages. The languages discussed in this book are positioned on a parameter hierarchy of ϕ‎-probes: some languages do not show any kind of agreement, others with a single ϕ‎-probe can agree with one argument, yet others with more than one probe with more arguments. It is argued that this hierarchy restricts agreement across languages in some ways, but

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8

Processing parameters needed to control pathogens in cold-smoked fish. Institute of Food Technologists, 2001.

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9

Pitt, Matthew. Results of the clinical application of SPACE in suspected disorders of the neuromuscular junction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0011.

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Findings in a large cohort of children with disorders of the neuromuscular junction are presented along with those in non-primary neuromuscular junction abnormalities. From these results it is possible to derive test parameters for stimulated potential analysis using concentric needle electrodes (SPACE) including sensitivity and specificity, along with positive and negative predictive values. The differences between performing stimulation techniques to determine jitter in children and adults are highlighted as are technical aspects and the effects of the differential diagnosis on interpretatio

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Stålberg, Erik. Electromyography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0007.

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Electromyography (EMG) has been used since the 1940s in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. It has particularly developed with the advent of computers and recording equipment with integrated software. This has made methods of analysis fast, robust, and precise, helping to deal with increasing numbers of patients. Indications have changed dynamically over the years, with the development of new EMG methods themselves and complementary methods used in this field for diagnosis such as histochemistry, genetics, and imaging techniques. This chapter focuses mainly on the routine methods based o

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11

Sethna, James P. Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865247.001.0001.

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This text distills the core ideas of statistical mechanics to make room for new advances important to information theory, complexity, active matter, and dynamical systems. Chapters address random walks, equilibrium systems, entropy, free energies, quantum systems, calculation and computation, order parameters and topological defects, correlations and linear response theory, and abrupt and continuous phase transitions. Exercises explore the enormous range of phenomena where statistical mechanics provides essential insight — from card shuffling to how cells avoid errors when copying DNA, from th

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12

Street, Brian. Multi-parameter Carnot-Carath´eodory Geometry. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691162515.003.0003.

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This chapter develops the theory of multi-parameter Carnot–Carathéodory geometry, which is needed to study singular integral operators. In the case when the balls are of product type, all of the results are simple variants of results in the single-parameter theory. When the balls are not of product type, these ideas become more difficult. What saves the day is the quantitative Frobenius theorem given in Chapter 2. This can be used to estimate certain integrals, as well as develop an appropriate maximal function and an appropriate Littlewood–Paley square function, all of which are essential to

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13

Pickel, Bryan, Brian Rabern, and Josh Dever. Reviving the Parameter Revolution in Semantics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0005.

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Montague and Kaplan began a revolution in semantics, which promised to explain how a univocal expression could make distinct truth-conditional contributions in its various occurrences. The idea was to treat context as a parameter at which a sentence is semantically evaluated. But the revolution has stalled. One salient problem comes from recurring demonstratives: “He is tall and he is not tall”. For the sentence to be true at a context, each occurrence of the demonstrative must make a different truth-conditional contribution. But this difference cannot be accounted for by standard parameter se

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Elies, van Sliedregt. Part 1 Introduction, 3 Parameters of Criminal Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560363.003.0003.

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While the Nuremberg and Tokyo judgments and the subsequent proceedings are important sources of law and indispensable in developing the concept of individual responsibility in international criminal law, they do not provide us with a system of criminal law and doctrine. For that, we need to turn to municipal law. National criminal law and doctrine not only serves as guidance and inspiration in developing a theory of individual responsibility in international criminal law, it also assists in understanding and describing international criminal law. This chapter begins with a brief discussion of

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Loo, Colleen. TMS in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0040.

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There is a growing body of literature on animal experiments using behavioural paradigms or investigations of neurobiological mechanisms to assess the antidepressant effects of repetitive (r)TMS. This article summarizes the findings from these studies. The evidence from these studies is supportive of antidepressant effects for rTMS. This evidence has provided several plausible hypotheses for the antidepressant effects of rTMS. Several studies have suggested that rTMS may have neuroprotective effects. There are many variations in the way rTMS can be given as a clinical treatment, involving choic

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Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. ASL Acquisition Principles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.003.0002.

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A variety of acquisition methods for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI exist, often with different names referring to broadly similar approaches. This chapter outlines the main flavors of ASL in common use, along with their strengths and weaknesses, before finally presenting the current consensus of the community on good acquisition parameters for general use. The chapter considers the choice of labeling (e.g. pseudo-continuous versus pulsed), readout (e.g. 2D versus 3D), the choice of post-label delay, and a number of other solutions to correct for artifacts such as arterial contamin

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Jörres, Achim, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert. Fluid overload in acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0229.

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A central objective in the management of acute kidney injury is the restoration and maintenance of adequate systemic and renal perfusion, often requiring the parallel administration of fluids and vasoactive drugs. However, hypovolaemia and fluid overload may both predispose the patient to complications and poor outcomes. Therefore, body weight and daily fluid intake/output should be recorded, patients should continuously be assessed for clinical signs of under- or over-hydration, and adequate monitoring of haemodynamic parameters should be performed. Together these parameters constitute the ba

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18

Stalnaker, Robert. David Lewis on Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0003.

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A critical discussion of David Lewis’s two-dimensional framework for doing semantics. Lewis’s framework has the same abstract structure as David Kaplan’s semantics for demonstratives, where the truth-value of a sentence is defined as a function of two parameters, one of which is a context. This chapter focuses on the notion of context that is common to the two frameworks, arguing that it is not suited to play the pragmatic role that we need a notion of context to play. The technical notion that both Kaplan and Lewis call ‘context’ plays several different roles in the explanation of speech that

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19

McAdams, Stephen. Perception and Cognition of Music. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198939177.001.0001.

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Abstract Perception and Cognition of Music: The Sorbonne Lectures presents revised and updated materials delivered in four distinguished lectures at the Université Paris-Sorbonne in 2009 and the Université de Montréal in 2010, originally published in French. It aims to bridge the fields of music psychology, music theory, and music analysis by considering several aspects of music listening through the lens of cognitive psychology. Auditory grouping processes play a role in organizing the continuous incoming sensory information into events, streams of events, and segments of streams that form mu

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20

Arulkumaran, Nishkantha, and Maurizio Cecconi. Cardiac output assessment in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0136.

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Haemodynamic monitoring facilitates effective resuscitation and the rapid assessment of the response to time-dependent vasoactive and fluid therapyin different shock states. Since the introduction of the pulmonary artery catheter, several minimally and non-invasive CO monitoring devices have been introduced to provide continuous monitoring and a dynamic profile of fluid responsiveness. Several of these monitors provide additional haemodynamic parameters including dynamic indices of preload and volumetric indices. Patient outcome is dependent accurate acquisition and interpretation of data and

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Pivokonský, Martin, Kateřina Novotná, Lenka Čermáková, and Radim Petříček, eds. Jar Tests for Water Treatment Optimisation. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062694.

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Abstract The book is intended as a handbook providing detailed instructions for the correct conducting of jar tests, which are needed for the optimisation of the coagulation/flocculation process. It contains the essential theoretical background of coagulation/flocculation, including a description of the influence of different parameters on the coagulation efficiency of various impurities (e.g. pH value and type/dose of coagulant), and floc properties and their separation (e.g. mixing intensity, mixing time, but also type/concentration of coagulant and impurities). The principle of jar tests is

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22

Phillipson, Robert, and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas. English, Language Dominance, and Ecolinguistic Diversity Maintenance. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.005.

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The chapter analyses how English became dominant and the implications of the expansion of dominant languages for the linguistic and cultural ecology and biodiversity. English has expanded through the imperialist and linguicist policies of the UK, the USA and the World Bank. Key structural and ideological parameters are identified. In postcolonial contexts, language in education policies remain largely unchanged. Linguicism can lead to linguicide. The need for terminological clarity is stressed: for instance “lingua franca” should not imply that language is unconnected to power. A multidiscipli

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23

Kapetanovic, Suad, Lori Wiener, Lisa Tuchman, and Maryland Pao. Childhood and Adolescence. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0033.

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Mental health professionals need to understand how the psychosocial and mental health needs of HIV-infected youth evolve over time and to be able to identify salient clinical challenges that present with each developmental stage. It is also important to understand that HIV/AIDS affects children’s lives indirectly, by the presence of HIV/AIDS in a family member, even if the child is not HIV infected. This chapter uses a developmental perspective to introduce key mental health objectives in the lives of developing HIV-infected children and adolescents and provides an overview of epidemiological,

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Садовников, Василий. Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции. Publishing House Triumph, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32986/978-5-40-10-01-2001.

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This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, t

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McNarry, Melitta A., and Neil Armstrong. Aerobic trainability. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0034.

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The key parameters of aerobic fitness are arguably peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2), pulmonary V̇O2 kinetics, blood lactate/ventilatory gas exchange thresholds, and exercise economy. The effects of training on these parameters are well-established in adults but, with the exception of peak V̇O2, data from children and adolescents are sparse and confounded by methodological and ethical issues. It has been hypothesized that children lack trainability due to the existence of a maturation threshold that must be surpassed before training adaptations manifest themselves. While a persuasive theoretical argum

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Clark, Caroline, Jeffrey Cole, Christine Winter, and Geoffrey Grammer. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0005.

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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often fail to resolve with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or integrative medicine treatments. Given these limitations, there is a continued push to discover treatment methods utilizing novel mechanisms of action. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a non-invasive and safe method of brain stimulation that modulates neuronal activity in a focal area to achieve excitation or inhibition, and may have utility for patients suffering from PTSD, although, to date, evidence of efficacy is limited. The TMS treatment can be varied to suit the

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Freitag, Lisa. Extreme Caregiving. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491789.001.0001.

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Raising a child with multiple special needs or disabilities is a time-consuming and difficult task that exceeds the usual parameters of parenting. This book examines all the facets of that task, from the better-known physical, financial, and emotional burdens to the previously invisible moral work involved. Drawing from narratives written by parents of children with a variety of special needs, academic research in ethics and disability, and personal experience in pediatrics, this book begins to recognize the moral consequences of providing long-term care for a child with complex needs. Using a

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Levesque, Roger J. R. Determining the Legitimacy of Laws That Use Racial/Ethnic Classifications. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0002.

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Under the US Constitution, the government must ensure that individuals receive the equal protection of laws. This mandate, however, becomes challenging in that equal protection may be different depending on the involved individuals and circumstances. This chapter examines the general parameters of how the legal system addresses claims alleging violations of rights, such as those involving differential treatment based on race. The analysis demonstrates when discrimination exists in law and, equally important, discusses what is needed to envision ways to reach societal interests relating to equa

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Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Empirically Detecting Causality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0008.

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Phenomenological models mathematically describe relationships among empirically observed phenomena without attempting to explain underlying mechanisms. Within the context of NLTS, phenomenological modeling goes beyond phase space reconstruction to extract equations governing real-world system dynamics from a single or multiple observed time series. Phenomenological models provide several benefits. They can be used to characterize the dynamics of variable interactions; for example, whether an incremental increase in one variable drives a marginal increase/decrease in the growth rate of another,

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Milev, Roumen. The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0027.

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This chapter examines the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment of patients with bipolar disorders. It briefly reviews the basics of ECT, stimulus parameters, placement of electrodes, and seizure threshold. The data for efficacy and tolerability of ECT for bipolar disorder, including mania, depression, mixed states, and across the lifespan is reviewed. Although there is a paucity of good-quality randomized studies, all available data, including case reports and naturalistic observations, support the use of ECT in this population, and reinforce the widespread use of ECT in everyd

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31

Apostolopoulos, Yorghos, and Dennis J. Gayle. Island Tourism and Sustainable Development. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400673054.

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This multidisciplinary volume dicusses the impact of tourism on sustainable development in the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Mediterranean. Bringing together scholars, development practitioners, international experts, and professionals, the contributors discuss the issues from a holistic and transnational perspective. This work provides a much-needed, thorough understanding of the interplay among economic, cultural, environmental, and public health parameters. The contributors provide a workable definition of sustainable development that can be understood, conveyed, and implemented by policy

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Succi, Sauro. Thermohydrodynamic LBE Schemes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0022.

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This chapter describes extensions of the LB scheme to thermal flows, where temperature is no longer a control parameter constant throughout the fluid, but a dynamic field evolving in space and time under the drive of energy fluxes within the flow and with the external environment. The extension from a thermal to thermal lattice fluids involves a significant leap of complexity, due to the need of correctly recovering higher order kinetic moments associated with the energy.

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Skerker, Michael. A Two-Level Account of Executive Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0010.

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This chapter will consider whether an inhabitant of a liberal state needs to be informed of all her government’s policies in order for that government to have legitimate authority to compel her actions. Another way of putting this question is whether government authority in a liberal state depends on full transparency. Security actors in a liberal state are charged with maintaining a relatively crime-free and peaceful society because such an environment is a necessary precondition for a person’s full enjoyment of her rights over time. State agents should pick consent-worthy tactics indexed to

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Beris, Antony N., and Brian J. Edwards. Thermodynamics of Flowing Systems: with Internal Microstructure. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076943.001.0001.

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This much-needed monograph presents a systematic, step-by-step approach to the continuum modeling of flow phenomena exhibited within materials endowed with a complex internal microstructure, such as polymers and liquid crystals. By combining the principles of Hamiltonian mechanics with those of irreversible thermodynamics, Antony N. Beris and Brian J. Edwards, renowned authorities on the subject, expertly describe the complex interplay between conservative and dissipative processes. Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the evaluation of the free energy--largely based on ideas from statis

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Silbermann, Michael, and Ann Berger. Global Perspectives in Cancer Care. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197551349.001.0001.

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In this book, we focused on different cultures, traditions and faiths. Many parts of the world have indigenous cultures and spiritual beliefs in addition to the primary religion. There are chapters on indigenous religions as well as indigenous traditional healers. People everywhere experience trouble, sorrow, need and sickness and they develop skills and knowledge in response to these adversaries. This book provides insightful models of these parameters and serves as a valuable resource for healthcare providers and policymakers by taking a global approach to cultural diversity in the world. By

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Puntis, John. Nutritional assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0003.

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Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition comp

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Nixdorff, Uwe, Stephan Achenbach, Frank Bengel, et al. Imaging in cardiovascular prevention. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0006.

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Imaging tools in preventive cardiology can be divided into imaging modalities to assess pre-clinical and clinical atherosclerosis and functional assessments of vascular function or vascular inflammation. To calculate the likelihood of pre-clinical atherosclerosis intima-media thickness as well as coronary calcium scoring are most frequently used. However, beyond these two there are other parameters derived by ultrasound and multi-detector computed tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear/molecular imaging which are discussed in the chapter. Functional tests include flow-med

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Kainth, Daraspreet Singh, Karanpal Singh Dhaliwal, and David W. Polly. Spinal Deformity and Scoliosis. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0021.

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Spinal deformity can be present in children, adolescents, and adults. Early-onset scoliosis, which affects children less than 10 years of age, can be the result of congenital abnormalities or neuromuscular disease or can be idiopathic. Adolescents most commonly develop scoliosis as the result of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Adult deformity can be the result of progression of conditions present in childhood or adolescence, or from degenerative changes. Many conditions can lead to spine deformity, including congenital causes, trauma, cancer, osteoporosis, postsurgical, and idiopathic causes.

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FitzGerald, Brian. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808244.003.0001.

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The Introduction offers an overview of recent scholarship on medieval prophecy and provides the book’s interpretative framework. The book differs from much previous scholarship by examining how prophecy had a multiplicity of meanings besides prediction in the Middle Ages and by showing the significance of debates over those meanings. The chapter then explains the chronological parameters of the book, beginning in the twelfth century when prophecy became a subject of controversy and ending in the early fourteenth century when humanist intellectuals and poets began challenging the authority of s

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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Strategy and International Governance Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0005.

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Regime theory and policy precedents are used to propose a strategy for international governance reform. Bargaining issues tied to international “coordination” and “cooperation” are contrasted, suggesting a strategy to link coordination and cooperation mechanisms to reduce policy frictions. A regime design that relies on achieving a minimum baseline of authoritative international agreements mixing “soft” and “hard” government commitments is proposed. Soft rules are binding on governments, creating specific policy capabilities, not narrowly defining solutions. These baseline agreements reinforce

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Analayo, Bhikkhu. Bhikṣuṇī Ordination. Редактори Daniel Cozort та James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.2.

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This chapter examines the legal details surrounding the full ordination of women into the Buddhist monastic traditions. These legal details need be appreciated in order to understand difficulties involved in current attempts to revive an order of female monastics, bhikṣuṇīs, where it has come to be extinct. The chapter begins with the account of the foundation of the bhikṣuṇī order in the way this is found in the Dharmaguptaka, Mūlasarvāstivāda, and Theravāda Vinayas. Next it surveys the legal parameters that emerge from one of these gurudharmas, which concerns bhikṣuṇī ordination, and how acc

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Boddice, Rob. Sympathetic Selection: Eugenics. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040580.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 returns to the blueprint for the evolution of sympathy in Darwin’s Descent, picking up at the point where Darwin introduces a paradoxical prediction of degeneration, caused by the same force that inspired social cohesion and moral progress. This chapter analyses the birth of the eugenics movement as a department of statistics, arising directly from a concern for the common good of civilised society – the central tenet of highly evolved sympathy. Unlike most studies of eugenics, this chapter focuses largely on the period before 1900, when the parameters of eugenic thought were being h

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Sidhu, Kulraj S., Mfonobong Essiet, and Maxime Cannesson. Cardiac and vascular physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses key components of cardiovascular physiology applicable to clinical practice in the field of anaesthesiology. From theory development to ground-breaking innovations, the history of cardiac and vascular anatomy, as well as physiology, is presented. Utilizing knowledge of structure and function, parameters created have allowed adequate patient clinical assessment and guided interventions. A review of concepts reveals the impact of multiple physiological variables on a patient’s haemodynamic state and the need for more accurate and efficient measurements. In particular, it i

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Danquah, Michael, Abdul Malik Iddrisu, Ernest Owusu Boakye, and Solomon Owusu. Do gender wage differences within households influence women’s empowerment and welfare? Evidence from Ghana. 40th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/978-5.

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Using household data from the latest wave of the Ghana Living Standards Survey, this paper utilizes machine learning techniques to examine the effect of gender wage differences within households on women’s empowerment and welfare in Ghana. The structural parameters of the post-double selection LASSO estimations show that a reduction in household gender wage gap significantly enhances women’s empowerment. Also, a decline in household gender wage gap results meaningfully in improving household welfare. Particularly, the increasing effect on women’s welfare resulting from decreases in household g

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McLean, Donald, and Claire-Louise Chapple. CT dosimetry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0015.

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The computed tomography (CT) medical examination is the highest single source of radiation to the general public in the developed world. Its use is rapidly growing, as is its technical complexity. The primary dosimetry formalism is based on the computed tomography dose index (CTDI), which can be measured in air or in standard phantoms using a calibrated pencil ionization chamber with adaptations for wide beam scanners. Displayed dose parameters can be used with caution to estimate patient organ doses, effective dose, and risk, using a variety of models and software. An understanding of automat

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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Using Theoretical Models to Analyze Real Party Systems. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0011.

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Having specified theoretical models of multiparty competition in the first ten chapters of the book, this chapter analyzes recent party competition in postwar democracies in order to verify whether the empirical implications of the party competition model can indeed be systematically observed in real party competition. This is easy to say but hard to do in a rigorous way. Fundamental difficulties arise from two distinct sources. The first concerns calibration of key parameters of the model to the real political environments it is used to analyze. The second concerns data, specifically the need

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Bjartell, Anders, and David Ulmert. Clinical features, assessment, and imaging of prostate cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0063.

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In contemporary practice, most patients with prostate cancer are diagnosed following a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Although serum PSA has a low specificity for prostate cancer, it can be used to single out patients with advanced disease. While most men do not have a palpable tumour at digital rectal examination (DRE), those with palpable or an elevated PSA test require transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy in order to make a diagnosis of cancer. Tumours are staged clinically as localized, locally advanced, or metastatic. The

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Amin, Annie, and Thomas W. Cutter. Anesthesia for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiologic Procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses the use of anesthetics in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic radiologic procedures. Diagnostic procedures are anatomic or functional, minimally or noninvasive, and seldom require anesthesia support; anesthesia is typically only requested for these procedures because of a patient’s physiological or psychological needs. Recognizing and addressing a patient’s comorbidities and other concerns are similar to care given in the surgical setting. The imaging environment and procedures pose additional requirements and constraints, which are unique and require specific soluti

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Chappell, Michael, Bradley MacIntosh, and Thomas Okell. Introduction to Perfusion Quantification using Arterial Spin Labelling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793816.001.0001.

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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unique in being a completely non-invasive method for imaging perfusion in the brain. Relying upon a blood-borne tracer that is created by the MRI scanner itself, ASL is becoming a popular tool to study cerebral perfusion, as well as how this perfusion changes in response to neuronal activity or in disease. This primer provides an introduction to perfusion quantification using ASL MRI, focusing both on the methods needed to extract perfusion-weighted images and on how to quantify perfusion and other hemodynamic parameters. Startin

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Tuite, Cl´ıodhna, Michael O’Neill, and Anthony Brabazon. Economic and Financial Modeling with Genetic Programming. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.10.

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This chapter focuses on genetic programming (GP), a stochastic optimization and model induction technique. An advantage of GP is that the modeler need not select the exact parameters to be used in the model beforehand. Rather, GP can effectively search a complex model space defined by a set of building blocks specified by the modeler. This flexibility has allowed GP to be used for many applications. The chapter reviews some of the most significant developments using GP: forecasting, stock selection, derivative pricing and trading, bankruptcy and credit risk assessment, and agent-based and econ

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