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Journal articles on the topic 'Neural mechanisms autism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Watts, Timothy John. "The Pathogenesis of Autism." Clinical medicine. Pathology 1 (January 2008): CPath.S1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cpath.s1143.

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Autism is well known as a complex developmental disorder with a seemingly confusing and uncertain pathogenesis. The definitive mechanisms that promote autism are poorly understood and mostly unknown, yet available theories do appear to focus on the disruption of normal cerebral development and its subsequent implications on the functional brain unit. This mini-review aims solely to discuss and evaluate the most prominent current theories regarding the pathogenesis of autism. The main conclusion is that although there is not a clear pathway of mechanisms directed towards a simple pathogenesis a

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Bertone, Armando, Laurent Mottron, Patricia Jelenic, and Jocelyn Faubert. "Motion Perception in Autism: A “Complex” Issue." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (2003): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903321208150.

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We present the first assessment of motion sensitivity for persons with autism and normal intelligence using motion patterns that require neural processing mechanisms of varying complexity. Compared to matched controls, our results demonstrate that the motion sensitivity of observers with autism is similar to that of nonautistic observers for different types of first-order (luminance-defined) motion stimuli, but significantly decreased for the same types of second-order (texture-defined) stimuli. The latter class of motion stimuli has been demonstrated to require additional neural computation t

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Failla, Michelle D., Estephan J. Moana-Filho, Greg K. Essick, Grace T. Baranek, Baxter P. Rogers, and Carissa J. Cascio. "Initially intact neural responses to pain in autism are diminished during sustained pain." Autism 22, no. 6 (2017): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317696043.

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Pain assessments typically depend on self-report of the pain experience. Yet, in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, this can be an unreliable due to communication difficulties. Importantly, observations of behavioral hypo- and hyperresponsivity to pain suggest altered pain sensitivity in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimaging may provide insight into mechanisms underlying pain behaviors. The neural pain signature reliably responds to painful stimulation and is modulated by other outside regions, affecting the pain experience. In this first functional magnetic resonance imaging study o

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Mosner, Maya G., R. Edward McLaurin, Jessica L. Kinard, et al. "Neural Mechanisms of Reward Prediction Error in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research and Treatment 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5469191.

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Few studies have explored neural mechanisms of reward learning in ASD despite evidence of behavioral impairments of predictive abilities in ASD. To investigate the neural correlates of reward prediction errors in ASD, 16 adults with ASD and 14 typically developing controls performed a prediction error task during fMRI scanning. Results revealed greater activation in the ASD group in the left paracingulate gyrus during signed prediction errors and the left insula and right frontal pole during thresholded unsigned prediction errors. Findings support atypical neural processing of reward predictio

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Richey, J. Anthony, Cara R. Damiano, Antoinette Sabatino, et al. "Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45, no. 11 (2015): 3409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2359-z.

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Mazefsky, Carla A., Amanda Collier, Josh Golt, and Greg J. Siegle. "Neural features of sustained emotional information processing in autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 4 (2020): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320903137.

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Emotion dysregulation is common in autism spectrum disorder; a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms could inform treatment development. The tendency toward repetitive cognition in autism spectrum disorder may also increase susceptibility to perseverate on distressing stimuli, which may then increase emotion dysregulation. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of sustained processing of negative information in brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used an event-related task that alternated between emotional processing of personally releva

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Luo, Emanuel, C. Pan, and Xiujun Fan. "Music, Language, and Autism: Neurological Insights for Enhanced Learning." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 8, no. 09 (2023): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i09/1743.

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This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate relationship between music and language, encompassing their historical, cognitive, and neural dimensions. It draws evidence from ancient Chinese civilizations dating back to 4500 BC to analyze the coexistence and parallel evolution of music and language for the first time. Comparative studies illuminate the shared and distinctive aspects of pitch, rhythm, and syntax inherent to music and language. The examination extends to the diverse impact of music, including second language acquisition, phonological awareness, pitch processing, me

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Colizzi, Marco, Riccardo Bortoletto, Rosalia Costa, Sagnik Bhattacharyya, and Matteo Balestrieri. "The Autism–Psychosis Continuum Conundrum: Exploring the Role of the Endocannabinoid System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095616.

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Evidence indicates shared physiopathological mechanisms between autism and psychosis. In this regard, the endocannabinoid system has been suggested to modulate neural circuits during the early stage of neurodevelopment, with implications for both autism and psychosis. Nevertheless, such potential common markers of disease have been investigated in both autism and psychosis spectrum disorders, without considering the conundrum of differentiating the two groups of conditions in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Here, we systematically review all human and animal studies examining the endocannabi

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Schmitz, Nicole, Katya Rubia, Therese van Amelsvoort, Eileen Daly, Anna Smith, and Declan G. M. Murphy. "Neural correlates of reward in autism." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 1 (2008): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.036921.

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BackgroundLack of social interaction, which is characteristically seen in people with autistic-spectrum disorder, may be caused by malfunctioning of the frontostriatal reward systems. However, no reported in vivo brain imaging studies have investigated reward mechanisms in autistic-spectrum disorder.AimsTo investigate functional brain activation during reward feedback in people with autistic-spectrum disorder and control individuals.MethodWe used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural substrates of monetary reward in individuals with autistic-spectrum disorde

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Larson, Charles R. "2008 Zemlin Award in Speech Sciences Memorial Lecture: The Role of Auditory Feedback for the Control of Voice Fundamental Frequency and Amplitude." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 19, no. 1 (2009): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod19.1.6.

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Abstract Previous research has failed to identify precise neural mechanisms involved in auditory feedback regulation of vocalization. The goal of this research project was to improve our understanding of neural mechanisms controlling the voice. Participants were instructed to sustain a vowel or repeat phrases during which perturbations in voice pitch or loudness feedback were presented. Voice signal averaging, neuroimaging, laryngeal electromyography, and cortical event-related potential techniques were used to measure vocal and neural responses to perturbed feedback. Pitch- and loudness-shift

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Greene, Rachel K., Cara R. Damiano-Goodwin, Erin Walsh, Joshua Bizzell, and Gabriel S. Dichter. "Neural Mechanisms of Vicarious Reward Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research and Treatment 2020 (March 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8014248.

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Previous studies examining the neural substrates of reward processing in ASD have explored responses to rewards for oneself but not rewards earned for others (i.e., vicarious reward). This omission is notable given that vicarious reward processing is a critical component of creating and maintaining social relationships. The current study examined the neural mechanisms of vicarious reward processing in 15 adults with ASD and 15 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls. Individuals with ASD demonstrated attenuated activation of reward-related regions during vicarious reward processi

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Rosenblau, Gabriela, Dorit Kliemann, Benjamin Lemme, Henrik Walter, Hauke R. Heekeren, and Isabel Dziobek. "The role of the amygdala in naturalistic mentalising in typical development and in autism spectrum disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 6 (2016): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159269.

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BackgroundThe substantial discrepancy between mentalising in experimental settings v. real-life social interactions hinders the understanding of the neural basis of real-life social cognition and of social impairments in psychiatric disorders.AimsTo determine the neural mechanisms underlying naturalistic mentalising in individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder.MethodWe investigated mentalising with a new video-based functional magnetic resonance imaging task in 20 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 22 matched healthy controls.ResultsNaturalistic mentalising implicated re

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Caron, M. J. "Cognitive mechanisms, specificity and neural underpinnings of visuospatial peaks in autism." Brain 129, no. 7 (2006): 1789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl072.

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Mareeswaran, Murali Anand, and Kanchana Selvarajan. "Predicting autism spectrum disorder through sentiment analysis with attention mechanisms: a deep learning approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 1 (2025): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i1.pp325-334.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a spectrum disorder. The availability of technology to identify the characteristics of ASD will have major implications for clinicians. In this article, we present a new autism diagnosis method based on attention mechanisms for behavior modeling-based feature embedding along with aspect-based analysis for a better classification of ASD. The hybrid model comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that integrates two bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) blocks, together with additional propagation techniques, for the purpose

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Murali, Anand Mareeswaran Kanchana Selvarajan. "Predicting autism spectrum disorder through sentiment analysis with attention mechanisms: a deep learning approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 1 (2025): 325–34. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i1.pp325-334.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a spectrum disorder. The availability of technology to identify the characteristics of ASD will have major implications for clinicians. In this article, we present a new autism diagnosis method based on attention mechanisms for behavior modeling-based feature embedding along with aspect-based analysis for a better classification of ASD. The hybrid model comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that integrates two bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) blocks, together with additional propagation techniques, for the purpose

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Takano, Tomoyuki. "Role of Microglia in Autism: Recent Advances." Developmental Neuroscience 37, no. 3 (2015): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000398791.

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The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, the neuroinflammation processes play an important role in the induction of autistic behavioral changes. Microglial cells can exhibit widely differing functions during brain development, including synaptogenesis and stem cell proliferation, in addition to playing a role in the innate immunity. Mounting evidence indicates that microglial activation or dysfunction can profoundly affect neural development, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. These mechanisms in autism have been investigated using neur

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Qiu, Linjie, and Jian Zhai. "A hybrid CNN-SVM model for enhanced autism diagnosis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0302236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302236.

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Autism is a representative disorder of pervasive developmental disorder. It exerts influence upon an individual’s behavior and performance, potentially co-occurring with other mental illnesses. Consequently, an effective diagnostic approach proves to be invaluable in both therapeutic interventions and the timely provision of medical support. Currently, most scholars’ research primarily relies on neuroimaging techniques for auxiliary diagnosis and does not take into account the distinctive features of autism’s social impediments. In order to address this deficiency, this paper introduces a nove

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Lakshmi Praveena, T., and N. V. Muthu Lakshmi. "Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, no. 3 (2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.3.2734.

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Autism appears to be a neuro developmental disorder that is visible in the early years. It is a wide-spectrum disorder that indicates that the severity and symptoms can vary from person to person. The Centre for Disease Control found that one in 68 was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with increasing numbers in every year. Detection of autism in adults is a cumbersome procedure because in adults, many symptoms can blend with some other mental health, motor impairment disorders so misinterpretation of actual diseases can in turn lead to a terrible life without proper diagnosis and effect

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Wang, Ling, Binquan Wang, Chunyan Wu, Jie Wang, and Mingkuan Sun. "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Neurodevelopmental Risk Factors, Biological Mechanism, and Precision Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031819.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has progressively increased, however, no clear diagnostic markers and specifically targeted medications for autism have emerged. As a result, neurobehavioral abnormalities, neurobiological alterations in ASD, and the development of novel ASD pharmacological therapy necessitate multidisciplinary collaboration. In this review, we discuss the development of multiple animal models of ASD to contribute to the disease mechanisms o

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Guo, Dawei, and Zhangna Qiu. "Intrinsic Mechanisms of Facial Expression Recognition Defects in Children with Autism." Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 5, no. 1 (2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jcmr.v5i1.1789.

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The difficulty of facial expression recognition in autistic children mainly includes the inability to accurately understand the emotions and intentions of others, and shows the lack of facial expression response in social interaction. This defect has caused problems with their adaptation and understanding of others in social communication. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed about the intrinsic mechanism of facial expression recognition defects in children with autism. Children with autism may lack the development of psychological theory, causing them to correctly interpret and understand f

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Iosifyan, M., E. A. Mershina, D. A. Bazhenova, V. E. Sinitsyn, O. M. Larina, and E. V. Pechenkova. "Neural Mechanisms of Theory of Mind in Autism and Schizophrenia: A Review of fMRI Studies." Клиническая и специальная психология 9, no. 1 (2020): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090102.

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Theory of mind is a cognitive ability, which enables to understand intentions, emotions and beliefs of another person. Because of theory of mind, people are able to interpret behavior of others and adapt to it. Numerous psychiatric impairments are associated with damaged theory of mind and communication with others. The present review analyses the impairments of theory of mind as laying on a continuum from hypermentalization (over-attribution of intentions to others) to hypomentalization (under-attribution of intentions to others) in autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. FMRI paradigm o

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MENG, Jing, and Lin SHEN. "Empathy in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Symptoms, theories and neural mechanisms." Advances in Psychological Science 25, no. 1 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2017.00059.

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Yuan, Yue, Mingda Tao, Aibao Zhou, Xiangli Guan, and Jiaomei Zhang. "Neural mechanisms of self-processing in autism: An ALE-based meta-analysis." Acta Psychologica 254 (April 2025): 104787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104787.

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Guerra, Daniel J. "The Molecular Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Genomic Mechanisms, Neuroimmunopathology, and Clinical Implications." Autism Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/398636.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have become increasingly common in recent years. The discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and accompanying copy number variations within the genome has increased our understanding of the architecture of the disease. These genetic and genomic alterations coupled with epigenetic phenomena have pointed to a neuroimmunopathological mechanism for ASD. Model animal studies, developmental biology, and affective neuroscience laid a foundation for dissecting the neural pathways impacted by these disease-generating mechanisms. The goal of current autism research

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Leite, Júlio Fernandes, and Umberto Euzebio. "Anormalidades da formação cerebral e os transtornos de desenvolvimento neural." STUDIES IN HEALTH SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (2021): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54018/shsv2n1-001.

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Transtornos do desenvolvimento neural constituem um grupo bastante diverso de problemas identificáveis clinicamente, que decorrem de perturbações do desenvolvimento neurológico, manifestam-se desde a infância, mesmo que sejam reconhecidos somente mais tarde, são persistentes, geram algum grau de limitação seja na capacidade de aprendizagem, na comunicação, ou na interação social, o que produz reflexos na vida escolar, laboral ou outras áreas da vida. Os principais transtornos do desenvolvimento neural são o transtorno do espectro autista (autismo), a deficiência intelectual (retardo mental ou

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Wang, Yue, Runnan Cao, Puneeth N. Chakravarthula, Hongbo Yu, and Shuo Wang. "Atypical neural encoding of faces in individuals with autism spectrum disorder." Cerebral Cortex 34, no. 13 (2024): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae060.

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Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience pervasive difficulties in processing social information from faces. However, the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying social trait judgments of faces in ASD remain largely unclear. Here, we comprehensively addressed this question by employing functional neuroimaging and parametrically generated faces that vary in facial trustworthiness and dominance. Behaviorally, participants with ASD exhibited reduced specificity but increased inter-rater variability in social trait judgments. Neurally, participants with ASD showed hy

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WANG, Lin, Zhidan WANG, and Hongjing WANG. "The neural mechanisms of developmental motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder." Advances in Psychological Science 29, no. 7 (2021): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2021.01239.

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SUN, Yan, Lin FANG, Tingyu WANG, and Li CUI. "The influence factors and neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders." Advances in Psychological Science 26, no. 8 (2018): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.01450.

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Greimel, Ellen, Martin Schulte-Rüther, Tilo Kircher, et al. "Neural mechanisms of empathy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their fathers." NeuroImage 49, no. 1 (2010): 1055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.057.

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Barman, Adriana, Sylvia Richter, Joram Soch, et al. "Gender-specific modulation of neural mechanisms underlying social reward processing by Autism Quotient." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 10, no. 11 (2015): 1537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv044.

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Stern, Emily, Nicolette Recchia, Lucia Tu, et al. "Neural Mechanisms of Sensory Over-Responsivity in Autism Spectrum and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders." Biological Psychiatry 95, no. 10 (2024): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.017.

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Benvenuto, A., B. Manzi, R. Alessandrelli, C. Galasso, and P. Curatolo. "Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Syndromic Autisms." International Journal of Pediatrics 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/198736.

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Background. Current advances in genetic technology continue to expand the list of medical conditions associated with autism. Clinicians have to identify specific autistic-related syndromes, and to provide tailored counseling. The aim of this study is to elucidate recent advances in autism research that offer important clues into pathogenetic mechanisms of syndromic autism and relevant implications for clinical practice.Data Sources. The PubMed database was searched with the keywords “autism” and “chromosomal abnormalities,” “metabolic diseases,” “susceptibility loci.”Results. Defined mutations

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BROCK, JON, CAROLINE C. BROWN, JILL BOUCHER, and GINA RIPPON. "The temporal binding deficit hypothesis of autism." Development and Psychopathology 14, no. 2 (2002): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579402002018.

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Frith has argued that people with autism show “weak central coherence,” an unusual bias toward piecemeal rather than configurational processing and a reduction in the normal tendency to process information in context. However, the precise cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying weak central coherence are still unknown. We propose the hypothesis that the features of autism associated with weak central coherence result from a reduction in the integration of specialized local neural networks in the brain caused by a deficit in temporal binding. The visuoperceptual anomalies associated wi

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Nijhof, Annabel. "Autisme en Neurobiologie: Wat We (Niet) Weten." Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme 22, no. 4 (2023): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36254/wta.2023.4.04.

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After decades of brain research on autism, the question is what insights this research has given into the neural mechanisms underlying autism symptomatology. At the group level, anatomical, chemical and functional differences have been reported, although these are often based on small samples. There are differences in the development and growth of certain brain areas, with stronger local and weaker global connections. Furthermore, the concentration of neurotransmitters such as GABA and serotonin is sometimes disbalanced in autism. Despite what was long thought, there are no clear differences i

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Liu, Samuel, Kellianne D. Alexander, and Michael M. Francis. "Neural Circuit Remodeling: Mechanistic Insights from Invertebrates." Journal of Developmental Biology 12, no. 4 (2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb12040027.

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As nervous systems mature, neural circuit connections are reorganized to optimize the performance of specific functions in adults. This reorganization of connections is achieved through a remarkably conserved phase of developmental circuit remodeling that engages neuron-intrinsic and neuron-extrinsic molecular mechanisms to establish mature circuitry. Abnormalities in circuit remodeling and maturation are broadly linked with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Here, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in our understandi

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Zhang, Yihe. "Neural Mechanisms of Habitual Behavior and the Potential Applications of BCIs." Theoretical and Natural Science 126, no. 1 (2025): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.au24992.

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Habits are fundamental to human behavior, enhancing efficiency through repeated procedural responses. However, such automaticity can become maladaptive when behavioral flexibility declines. Dysfunctional habit circuits have been linked to addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings underscore the need for a mechanistic understanding of habit-related neural dynamics and precise interventions. This paper presents a literature review of the neural mechanisms underlying habitual behavior, emphasizing current and emergin

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Tager-Flusberg, Helen. "Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 1 (2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-15-0146.

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Purpose Identifying risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders is an important line of research, as it will lead to earlier identification of children who could benefit from interventions that support optimal developmental outcomes. The primary goal of this review was to summarize research on risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method The review focused on studies of infants who have older siblings with ASD, with particular emphasis on risk factors associated with language impairment that affects the majority of children with ASD. Findings from this body

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Beker, Shlomit, John J. Foxe, and Sophie Molholm. "Oscillatory entrainment mechanisms and anticipatory predictive processes in children with autism spectrum disorder." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 5 (2021): 1783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00329.2021.

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We examined behavioral and EEG indices of predictive processing in children with ASD to rhythmically predictable stimuli. Although behavioral measures of predictive processing and evoked neural responses were intact in the ASD group, neurophysiological measures of preparatory activity and entrainment were impaired. When sensory events are presented in a predictable temporal pattern, performance and neuronal responses in ASD may be governed more by the occurrence of the events themselves and less by their anticipated timing.

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Chinnala Balakrishna, Akurathi Lakshmi pathi Rao, and Vinay Kumar Enugala. "A novel approach for grouping of autism by using convolutional neural network." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 2 (2024): 2321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1534.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated neurological disease marked by difficulties in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive activities. The disorder's spectrum nature reflects its vast range of symptoms, skills, and impairment levels. ASD usually develops in early childhood, often before the age of three, and lasts throughout a person's life. Although the specific etiology of ASD is unknown, it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Early identification and intervention are critical in improving outcomes for people with ASD, allowing

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Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Luz, Srivas Chennu, Tristan A. Bekinschtein, et al. "Predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (2015): 2625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00543.2015.

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Predictive coding has been proposed as a framework to understand neural processes in neuropsychiatric disorders. We used this approach to describe mechanisms responsible for attentional abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We monitored brain dynamics of 59 children (8–15 yr old) who had ASD or ADHD or who were control participants via high-density electroencephalography. We performed analysis at the scalp and source-space levels while participants listened to standard and deviant tone sequences. Through task instructions, we manip

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Kim, So Hyun, George Buzzell, Susan Faja, et al. "Neural dynamics of executive function in cognitively able kindergarteners with autism spectrum disorders as predictors of concurrent academic achievement." Autism 24, no. 3 (2019): 780–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319874920.

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Although electrophysiological (electroencephalography) measures of executive functions (e.g. error monitoring) have been used to predict academic achievement in typically developing children, work investigating a link between error monitoring and academic skills in children with autism spectrum disorder is limited. In this study, we employed traditional electrophysiological and advanced time–frequency methods, combined with principal component analyses, to extract neural activity related to error monitoring and tested their relations to academic achievement in cognitively able kindergarteners

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Stroganova, T. A., E. V. Orekhova, and I. A. Galuta. "Neural basis of attention orienting abnormalities in children with autism." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080302.

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Detection of new events occurring outside the focus of attention is fundamental to adaptive functioning and is most critical when attention is focused elsewhere. The unattended novel sensory events may demand further analysis according to their task relevance and may appear important for survival. Behavioral and physiological findings reviewed in this article imply that brains of many people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are, to a certain extent, impenetrable to such unattended but potentially salient changes in the immediate sensory environment. Here we reviewed neurophysiological stud

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Tei, *Shisei, and Junya Fujino. "THE NEURAL BASIS OF GAMING DISORDER AND THEIR COMORBIDITIES." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i93. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.160.

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Abstract Background Given the growing popularity of online gaming and the rapid rise of societal and mental health crises, it is crucial to identify the neurocognitive features that delineate problematic gaming. Digital technologies are continually developing, and gaming has become much more social, immersive, and also monetized [1]. Furthermore, preoccupation with games frequently leads to behavioral addiction and aggravates physical and mental problems, similar to other psychiatric disorders. In response to this situation, the World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) in its la

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Wood, Emily T., Jillian Melbourne, Shulamite Green, Susan Y. Bookheimer, and Mirella Dapretto. "6.35 Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms of Trauma Symptomatology in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 60, no. 10 (2021): S169—S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.09.399.

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Greimel, Ellen, Barbara Nehrkorn, Gereon R. Fink, et al. "Neural mechanisms of encoding social and non-social context information in autism spectrum disorder." Neuropsychologia 50, no. 14 (2012): 3440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.029.

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Kamalmaz, Nasreen, Abir Ben Bacha, Mona Alonazi, Gadah Albasher, Arwa Ishaq A. Khayyat, and Afaf El-Ansary. "Unveiling sex-based differences in developing propionic acid-induced features in mice as a rodent model of ASD." PeerJ 11 (June 13, 2023): e15488. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15488.

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Background Males are more likely to develop autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder than females are, although the mechanisms underlying male vulnerability are not fully understood. Therefore, studying the role of autism etiologies considering sex differences in the propionic acid (PPA) rodent model of autism would build greater understanding of how females are protected from autism spectrum disorder, which may be used as a treatment strategy for males with autism. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, a

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Blatt, Gene J. "The Neuropathology of Autism." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/703675.

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Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder that affects over 1% of new births in the United States and about 2% of boys. The etiologies are unknown and they are genetically complex. There may be epigenetic effects, environmental influences, and other factors that contribute to the mechanisms and affected neural pathway(s). The underlying neuropathology of the disorder has been evolving in the literature to include specific brain areas in the cerebellum, limbic system, and cortex. Part(s) of structures appear to be affected most rather than the entire structure, for example, s

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Siniscalco, Dario, Anna Sapone, Alessandra Cirillo, Catia Giordano, Sabatino Maione, and Nicola Antonucci. "Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is Mesenchymal Stem Cell Personalized Therapy the Future?" Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/480289.

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Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. They are enigmatic conditions that have their origins in the interaction of genes and environmental factors. ASDs are characterized by dysfunctions in social interaction and communication skills, in addition to repetitive and stereotypic verbal and nonverbal behaviours. Immune dysfunction has been confirmed with autistic children. There are no defined mechanisms of pathogenesis or curative therapy presently available. Indeed, ASDs are still untreatable. Available treatments for autism can be divided int

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Maric, Dusan M., Danilo Vojvodic, Dusica L. Maric, et al. "Cytokine Dynamics in Autism: Analysis of BMAC Therapy Outcomes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (2023): 15080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015080.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has recently been linked to neuroinflammation and an aberrant immune response within the central nervous system. The intricate relationship between immune response and ASD remains elusive, with a gap in understanding the connection between specific immune mechanisms and neural manifestations in autism. In this study, we employed a comprehensive statistical approach, fusing both overarching and granular methods to examine the concentration of 16 cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across each autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) intrathecal ad

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Blair, R. J. R. "Facial expressions, their communicatory functions and neuro–cognitive substrates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1431 (2003): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1220.

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Human emotional expressions serve a crucial communicatory role allowing the rapid transmission of valence information from one individual to another. This paper will review the literature on the neural mechanisms necessary for this communication: both the mechanisms involved in the production of emotional expressions and those involved in the interpretation of the emotional expressions of others. Finally, reference to the neuro–psychiatric disorders of autism, psychopathy and acquired sociopathy will be made. In these conditions, the appropriate processing of emotional expressions is impaired.

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