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Journal articles on the topic 'Neuron'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Cau, E., G. Gradwohl, C. Fode, and F. Guillemot. "Mash1 activates a cascade of bHLH regulators in olfactory neuron progenitors." Development 124, no. 8 (1997): 1611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.8.1611.

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The lineage of olfactory neurons has been relatively well characterized at the cellular level, but the genes that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of their progenitors are currently unknown. In this study, we report the isolation of a novel murine gene, Math4C/neurogenin1, which is distantly related to the Drosophila proneural gene atonal. We show that Math4C/neurogenin1 and the basic helix-loop-helix gene Mash1 are expressed in the olfactory epithelium by different dividing progenitor populations, while another basic helix-loop-helix gene, NeuroD, is expressed at the onset of ne

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2

Iyoda, Eduardo Masato, Hajime Nobuhara, and Kaoru Hirota. "Translated Multiplicative Neuron: An Extended Multiplicative Neuron that can Translate Decision Surfaces." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 5 (2004): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0460.

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A multiplicative neuron model called translated multiplicative neuron (πt-neuron) is proposed. Compared to the traditional π-neuron, the πt-neuron presents 2 advantages: (1) it can generate decision surfaces centered at any point of its input space; and (2) πt-neuron has a meaningful set of adjustable parameters. Learning rules for πt-neurons are derived using the error backpropagation procedure. It is shown that the XOR and N-bit parity problems can be perfectly solved using only 1 πt-neuron, with no need for hidden neurons. The πt-neuron is also evaluated in Hwang's regression benchmark prob

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3

Masuda, Naoki, and Kazuyuki Aihara. "Spatiotemporal Spike Encoding of a Continuous External Signal." Neural Computation 14, no. 7 (2002): 1599–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08997660260028638.

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Interspike intervals of spikes emitted from an integrator neuron model of sensory neurons can encode input information represented as a continuous signal from a deterministic system. If a real brain uses spike timing as a means of information processing, other neurons receiving spatiotemporal spikes from such sensory neurons must also be capable of treating information included in deterministic interspike intervals. In this article, we examine functions of neurons modeling cortical neurons receiving spatiotemporal spikes from many sensory neurons. We show that such neuron models can encode sti

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4

Cheng, Lifang, and Hongjun Cao. "Synchronization Dynamics of Two Heterogeneous Chaotic Rulkov Neurons with Electrical Synapses." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 02 (2017): 1730009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417300099.

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Two heterogeneous chaotic Rulkov neurons with electrical synapses are investigated in this paper. First, we study the ability of the second neuron to modify the dynamics of the first neuron. It is shown that when the parameters of the first neuron are located at the vicinity of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation curves the first firing neuron can be controlled into the quiescent state when coupled with the second neuron. While the parameters of the first neuron are near the flip bifurcation curves the first firing neuron cannot be suppressed. Second, we discuss burst synchronization for two bursti

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5

Weaver, Adam L., and Scott L. Hooper. "Follower Neurons in Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) Pyloric Network Regulate Pacemaker Period in Complementary Ways." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (2003): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00704.2002.

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Distributed neural networks (ones characterized by high levels of interconnectivity among network neurons) are not well understood. Increased insight into these systems can be obtained by perturbing network activity so as to study the functions of specific neurons not only in the network's “baseline” activity but across a range of network activities. We applied this technique to study cycle period control in the rhythmic pyloric network of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus. Pyloric rhythmicity is driven by an endogenous oscillator, the Anterior Burster (AB) neuron. Two network neurons feed ba

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6

Martella, Giuseppina. "Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity: Dynamic Changes in Neuron Functions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612567.

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The human brain has hundreds of billions of neurons and at least 7 million dendrites have been hypothesized to exist for each neuron, with over 100 trillion neuron–neuron, neuron–muscle, and neuron–endocrine cell synapses [...]

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7

Gupta, Pallavi, Nandhini Balasubramaniam, Hwan-You Chang, Fan-Gang Tseng, and Tuhin Subhra Santra. "A Single-Neuron: Current Trends and Future Prospects." Cells 9, no. 6 (2020): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061528.

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The brain is an intricate network with complex organizational principles facilitating a concerted communication between single-neurons, distinct neuron populations, and remote brain areas. The communication, technically referred to as connectivity, between single-neurons, is the center of many investigations aimed at elucidating pathophysiology, anatomical differences, and structural and functional features. In comparison with bulk analysis, single-neuron analysis can provide precise information about neurons or even sub-neuron level electrophysiology, anatomical differences, pathophysiology,

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8

Quinlan, E. M., K. Gregory, and A. D. Murphy. "An identified glutamatergic interneuron patterns feeding motor activity via both excitation and inhibition." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 3 (1995): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.3.945.

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1. Previously we demonstrated that glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the CNS of Helisoma. Exogenous glutamate applied to the buccal ganglia mimicked both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of subunit 2 (S2) of the tripartite central pattern generator (CPG) on S2 postsynaptic motor neurons. Here we identify buccal interneuron B2 as an S2 interneuron by utilizing a combination of electrophysiology, pharmacology, and intracellular staining. In addition, neurons that were electrophysiologically and morphologically characterized as neuron B2 demonstrated antiglutamate immunoreactivit

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9

Goto, Toichiro, Nahoko Kasai, Rick Lu, Roxana Filip, and Koji Sumitomo. "Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation of Interface Between Single Neurons and Conductive Surfaces." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (2016): 3383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12311.

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Interfaces between single neurons and conductive substrates were investigated using focused ion beam (FIB) milling and subsequent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The interfaces play an important role in controlling neuronal growth when we fabricate neuron-nanostructure integrated devices. Cross sectional images of cultivated neurons obtained with an FIB/SEM dual system show the clear affinity of the neurons for the substrates. Very few neurons attached themselves to indium tin oxide (ITO) and this repulsion yielded a wide interspace at the neuron-ITO interface. A neuron-gold in

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10

Xing, Hong, Jennifer Ling, Meng Chen, and Jianguo G. Gu. "Chemical and Cold Sensitivity of Two Distinct Populations of TRPM8-Expressing Somatosensory Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 2 (2006): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01035.2005.

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The cold- and menthol-sensing TRPM8 receptor has been proposed to have both nonnociceptive and nociceptive functions. However, one puzzle is how this single type of receptor may be used by somatosensory neurons to code for two distinct sensory modalities. Using acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons without culture, we show that TRPM8 receptors are expressed on two distinct classes of somatosensory neurons. One class is sensitive to menthol and features nonnociceptive neuron properties, including capsaicin-insensitive, ATP-insensitive, transient acid response, and expressio

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11

Arunachalam, Viswanathan, Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei, and Cristina Lopez. "Results on a Binding Neuron Model and Their Implications for Modified Hourglass Model for Neuronal Network." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/374878.

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The classical models of single neuron like Hodgkin-Huxley point neuron or leaky integrate and fire neuron assume the influence of postsynaptic potentials to last till the neuron fires. Vidybida (2008) in a refreshing departure has proposed models for binding neurons in which the trace of an input is remembered only for a finite fixed period of time after which it is forgotten. The binding neurons conform to the behaviour of real neurons and are applicable in constructing fast recurrent networks for computer modeling. This paper develops explicitly several useful results for a binding neuron li

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12

Hooper, S. L., and M. Moulins. "Cellular and synaptic mechanisms responsible for a long-lasting restructuring of the lobster pyloric network." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 5 (1990): 1574–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.5.1574.

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1. In the lobster Palinurus vulgaris a sensory input in the lateral posterolateral nerve (lpln) of the stomatogastric nervous system (STS) is able to turn on the cardiac sac (CS) network and to induce dramatic long-lasting alterations in the output of the pyloric network. This long-lasting alteration of pyloric network output consists primarily of changes in the activity of the two neurons that innervate the muscles of the cardiopyloric valve of the stomach, with the dilator neuron (the ventricular dilator, VD) transferring from the pyloric network to the CS network and the constrictor neuron

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13

Tamarkin, D. A., and R. B. Levine. "Synaptic interactions between a muscle-associated proprioceptor and body wall muscle motor neurons in larval and Adult manduca sexta." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 1597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1597.

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1. Synaptic remodeling of a proprioceptive circuit during metamorphosis of the insect, Manduca sexta, is described. The stretch receptor organ is a muscle-associated proprioceptor that is innervated by a single sensory neuron. It inserts dorsolaterally in the abdomen in parallel with the intersegmental muscles of each abdominal segment. The synaptic input from the stretch receptor sensory neuron to select abdominal internal (intersegmental) and external muscle motor neurons was characterized in both the larva and adult. 2. In the larva, the sensory neuron provides excitatory synaptic input to

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14

Shi, Xuerong, and Zuolei Wang. "Hybrid Projective Synchronization of Fractional-Order Extended Hindmarsh–Rose Neurons with Hidden Attractors." Axioms 12, no. 2 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020157.

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In view of the diversity of stimulated current that neurons may experience, an extended Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model is proposed and the corresponding fractional-order neuron model, with no equilibrium point, is depicted. Additionally, various hidden attractors of the addressed neuron model are analyzed by changing system parameters and the order of fractional-order neuron system. Furthermore, hybrid projective synchronizations of the proposed neurons are investigated and schemes are obtained by designing suitable controllers according to fractional stability theory. Besides, the validity of th

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15

Yotov, Kostadin, Emil Hadzhikolev, and Stanka Hadzhikoleva. "Integral Neuron: A New Concept for Nonlinear Neuron Modeling Using Weight Functions. Creation of XOR Neurons." Mathematics 12, no. 24 (2024): 3982. https://doi.org/10.3390/math12243982.

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In the present study, an extension of the idea of dynamic neurons is proposed by replacing the weights with a weight function that is applied simultaneously to all neuron inputs. A new type of artificial neuron called an integral neuron is modeled, in which the total signal is obtained as the integral of the weight function. The integral neuron enhances traditional neurons by allowing the signal shape to be linear and nonlinear. The training of the integral neuron involves finding the parameters of the weight function, where its functional values directly influence the total signal in the neur

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16

Masoliver, Maria, and Cristina Masoller. "Neuronal Transmission of Subthreshold Periodic Stimuli Via Symbolic Spike Patterns." Entropy 22, no. 5 (2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22050524.

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We study how sensory neurons detect and transmit a weak external stimulus. We use the FitzHugh–Nagumo model to simulate the neuronal activity. We consider a sub-threshold stimulus, i.e., the stimulus is below the threshold needed for triggering action potentials (spikes). However, in the presence of noise the neuron that perceives the stimulus fires a sequence of action potentials (a spike train) that carries the stimulus’ information. To yield light on how the stimulus’ information can be encoded and transmitted, we consider the simplest case of two coupled neurons, such that one neuron (refe

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17

Sarafi-Reinach, Trina R., Tali Melkman, Oliver Hobert, and Piali Sengupta. "The lin-11 LIM homeobox gene specifies olfactory and chemosensory neuron fates in C. elegans." Development 128, no. 17 (2001): 3269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.17.3269.

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Chemosensory neuron diversity in C. elegans arises from the action of transcription factors that specify different aspects of sensory neuron fate. In the AWB and AWA olfactory neurons, the LIM homeobox gene lim-4 and the nuclear hormone receptor gene odr-7 are required to confer AWB and AWA-specific characteristics respectively, and to repress an AWC olfactory neuron-like default fate. Here, we show that AWA neuron fate is also regulated by a member of the LIM homeobox gene family, lin-11. lin-11 regulates AWA olfactory neuron differentiation by initiating expression of odr-7, which then autor

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18

Morozova, Ekaterina O., Maxym Myroshnychenko, Denis Zakharov, et al. "Contribution of synchronized GABAergic neurons to dopaminergic neuron firing and bursting." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 4 (2016): 1900–1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00232.2016.

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In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), interactions between dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons are critical for regulating DA neuron activity and thus DA efflux. To provide a mechanistic explanation of how GABA neurons influence DA neuron firing, we developed a circuit model of the VTA. The model is based on feed-forward inhibition and recreates canonical features of the VTA neurons. Simulations revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAR) stimulation can differentially influence the firing pattern of the DA neuron, depending on the level of synchronization among G

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19

Lytton, William W., Diego Contreras, Alain Destexhe, and Mircea Steriade. "Dynamic Interactions Determine Partial Thalamic Quiescence in a Computer Network Model of Spike-and-Wave Seizures." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (1997): 1679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1679.

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Lytton, William W., Diego Contreras, Alain Destexhe, and Mircea Steriade. Dynamic interactions determine partial thalamic quiescence in a computer network model of spike-and-wave seizures. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1679–1696, 1997. In vivo intracellular recording from cat thalamus and cortex was performed during spontaneous spike-wave seizures characterized by synchronously firing cortical neurons correlated with the electroencephalogram. During these seizures, thalamic reticular (RE) neurons discharged with long spike bursts riding on a depolarization, whereas thalamocortical (TC) neurons were eit

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20

Yang, Jian, Yong Zhang, Yuanlin Yu, and Ning Zhong. "Nested U-Net Architecture Based Image Segmentation for 3D Neuron Reconstruction." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 5 (2021): 1348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3379.

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Digital reconstruction of neurons is a critical step in studying neuronal morphology and exploring the working mechanism of the brain. In recent years, the focus of neuronal morphology reconstruction has gradually shifted from single neurons to multiple neurons in a whole brain. Microscopic images of a whole brain often have low signal-to-noise-ratio, discontinuous neuron fragments or weak neuron signals. It is very difficult to segment neuronal signals from the background of these images, which is the first step of most automatic reconstruction algorithms. In this study, we propose a Nested U

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21

Schneider, Felix, Isabell Metz, Sharof Khudayberdiev, and Marco B. Rust. "Functional Redundancy of Cyclase-Associated Proteins CAP1 and CAP2 in Differentiating Neurons." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061525.

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Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are evolutionary-conserved actin-binding proteins with crucial functions in regulating actin dynamics, the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). Mammals possess two family members (CAP1 and CAP2) with different expression patterns. Unlike most other tissues, both CAPs are expressed in the brain and present in hippocampal neurons. We recently reported crucial roles for CAP1 in growth cone function, neuron differentiation, and neuron connectivity in the mouse brain. Instead, CAP2 controls dendritic spine morphology a

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Hu, Xiaoyu, and Chongxin Liu. "Bursting and Synchronization of Coupled Neurons under Electromagnetic Radiation." Complexity 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4835379.

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Bursting is an important firing activity of neurons, which is caused by a slow process that modulates fast spiking activity. Based on the original second-order Morris-Lecar neuron model, an improved third-order Morris-Lecar neuron model can produce bursting activity is proposed, in which the effect of electromagnetic radiation is considered as a slow process and the original equation of Morris-Lecar neuron model as a fast process. Extensive numerical simulation results show that the improved neuron model can produce different types of bursting, and bursting activity shows a deep dependence on

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Chen, Xiu, and Yi Wang. "A Chaotic Neuron and its Ability to Prevent Overfitting." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 5, no. 1 (2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v5i1.11673.

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Chaotic neuron is a neural model based on chaos theory, which combines the complex dynamic behavior of biological neurons with the characteristics of chaotic systems. Inspired by the chaotic firing characteristics of biological neurons, a novel chaotic neuron model and its response activation function LMCU are proposed in this paper. Based on one-dimensional chaotic mapping, this chaotic neuron model takes the emissivity of chaotic firing characteristics of biological neurons as its response output, so that it has the nonlinear response and chaotic characteristics of biological neurons. Differ

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Trojanowski, J. Q. "Neurofilament proteins and human nervous system tumors." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 9 (1987): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.9.3611738.

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Neoplasms that arise in the peripheral (e.g., carotid body tumors, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas) or central (gangliocytomas, medulloblastomas) nervous system express a number of neuron-specific gene products. Presumably, these tumors are derived from precursor cells that are or have the potential to develop into neurons or neuron-like cells. This report provides a critical examination of the hypothesis that cytoskeletal proteins of normal neurons, in particular the neuron-specific class of intermediate filaments (neurofilaments), are present but are abnormal in neoplasms derived from neur

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McKenna, William L., Christian F. Ortiz-Londono, Thomas K. Mathew, Kendy Hoang, Sol Katzman, and Bin Chen. "Mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 promotes subcerebral projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (2015): 11702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504144112.

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Generation of distinct cortical projection neuron subtypes during development relies in part on repression of alternative neuron identities. It was reported that the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is required for proper development of callosal neuron identity and represses expression of genes that are essential for subcerebral axon development. Surprisingly, Satb2 has recently been shown to be necessary for subcerebral axon development. Here, we unravel a previously unidentified mechanism underlying this paradox. We show that SATB2 directly activates transcription of forebr

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Márquez-Vera, Carlos Antonio, Zaineb Yakoub, Marco Antonio Márquez Vera, and Alfian Ma'arif. "Spiking PID Control Applied in the Van de Vusse Reaction." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 1, no. 4 (2021): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v1i4.490.

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Artificial neural networks (ANN) can approximate signals and give interesting results in pattern recognition; some works use neural networks for control applications. However, biological neurons do not generate similar signals to the obtained by ANN. The spiking neurons are an interesting topic since they simulate the real behavior depicted by biological neurons. This paper employed a spiking neuron to compute a PID control, which is further applied to the Van de Vusse reaction. This reaction, as the inverse pendulum, is a benchmark used to work with systems that has inverse response producing

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Lin, Yu-Lung, Yi-Wei Lin, Jennifer Nhieu, Xiaoyin Zhang, and Li-Na Wei. "Sonic Hedgehog-Gli1 Signaling and Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 Gene Regulation in Motor Neuron Differentiation and Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (2020): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114125.

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Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1) is highly expressed in motor neurons. Degenerated motor neuron-like MN1 cells are engineered by introducing SODG93A or AR-65Q to model degenerated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal bulbar muscular atrophy neurons. Retinoic acid (RA)/sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced embryonic stem cells differentiation into motor neurons are employed to study up-regulation of Crabp1 by Shh. In SODG93A or AR-65Q MN1 neurons, CRABP1 level is reduced, revealing a correlation of motor neuron degeneration with Crabp1 down-regulation. Up-regulation of Crabp1 b

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Green, Adam. "Mirror Neurons, Simulation, and Goldman." History & Philosophy of Psychology 11, no. 2 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2009.11.2.1.

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Mirror neurons have congruent sensory and motor functions, if not other endogenous functions. Shortly after the discovery of these neurons, Alvin Goldman argued that mirror neurons are simulators, and he has used the mirror neuron literature to support a simulation theory for how we understand the minds of other people. This use of the mirror neuron literature, however, is premature at best and confused at worst because even if it were established that mirror neurons were simulators, that would not necessarily vindicate the simulation theory of mindreading and the simulation interpretation of

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Lepperød, Mikkel Elle, Tristan Stöber, Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn, and Konrad Paul Kording. "Inferring causal connectivity from pairwise recordings and optogenetics." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 11 (2023): e1011574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011574.

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To understand the neural mechanisms underlying brain function, neuroscientists aim to quantify causal interactions between neurons, for instance by perturbing the activity of neuron A and measuring the effect on neuron B. Recently, manipulating neuron activity using light-sensitive opsins, optogenetics, has increased the specificity of neural perturbation. However, using widefield optogenetic interventions, multiple neurons are usually perturbed, producing a confound—any of the stimulated neurons can have affected the postsynaptic neuron making it challenging to discern which neurons produced

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Kumar, Devesh, Michael Candlish, Vinod Periasamy, Nergiz Avcu, Christian Mayer, and Ulrich Boehm. "Specialized Subpopulations of Kisspeptin Neurons Communicate With GnRH Neurons in Female Mice." Endocrinology 156, no. 1 (2015): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1671.

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Abstract The neuropeptide kisspeptin is a potent stimulator of GnRH neurons and has been implicated as a major regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. There are mainly two anatomically segregated populations of neurons that express kisspeptin in the female hypothalamus: one in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the other in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Distinct roles have been proposed for AVPV and ARC kisspeptin neurons during reproductive maturation and in mediating estrogen feedback on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in adults. Despite their pivotal rol

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Nagy, F., P. Cardi, and I. Cournil. "A rhythmic modulatory gating system in the stomatogastric nervous system of Homarus gammarus. I. Pyloric-related neurons in the commissural ganglia." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 6 (1994): 2477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2477.

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1. Operation of the pyloric neural network in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) depends on constant firing of modulatory inputs from anterior ganglia. We have identified two bilaterally symmetrical pairs of these inputs in the commissural ganglia (COGs) of the European rock lobster Homarus gammarus. During operation of the pyloric CPG, they fired in pyloric time, out of phase with the pyloric pacemakers. 2. One of the pair was the commissural pyloric (CP) neuron and the other was homologous to the P neuron described in the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. We describe their morph

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Torres-Treviño, Luis M., Angel Rodríguez-Liñán, Luis González-Estrada, and Gustavo González-Sanmiguel. "Single Gaussian Chaotic Neuron: Numerical Study and Implementation in an Embedded System." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/318758.

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Artificial Gaussian neurons are very common structures of artificial neural networks like radial basis function. These artificial neurons use a Gaussian activation function that includes two parameters called the center of mass (cm) and sensibility factor (λ). Changes on these parameters determine the behavior of the neuron. When the neuron has a feedback output, complex chaotic behavior is displayed. This paper presents a study and implementation of this particular neuron. Stability of fixed points, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents help to determine the dynamical nature of the neu

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Purali, Nuhan, and Bo Rydqvist. "Action Potential and Sodium Current in the Slowly and Rapidly Adapting Stretch Receptor Neurons of the Crayfish (Astacus astacus)." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 4 (1998): 2121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.2121.

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Purali, Nuhan and Bo Rydqvist. Action potential and sodium current in the slowly and rapidly adapting stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish ( Astacus astacus). J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2121–2132, 1998. Action potentials (APs) and sodium current from the slowly and the rapidly adapting stretch receptor neurons in the crayfish ( Astacus astacus) were recorded with a two microelectrode voltage- and current-clamp technique. In the rapidly adapting neuron the APs had a duration of 3.2 ± 0.2 ms (means ± SE) and an amplitude of 55.2 ± 1.5 mV. In the slowly adapting receptor neuron APs had a duration o

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Han, Donghe, Shurui Chen, Shiqiang Fang, et al. "The Neuroprotective Effects of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells via Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Spinal Cord Injury Model." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1972608.

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Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) possess multipotent differentiation and self-renewal capacities; however, the effects and mechanism in neuron injury remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MDSCs on neuron secondary injury, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. An in vivo study showed the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and number of neurons significantly increased after MDSCs’ transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. An in vitro study demonstrated that MDSCs attenuated neuron apoptosis, and the expression of antioxidants was upregulated as wel

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Zahara, Soffa, Yanuarini Nur Sukmaningtyas, Ronny Makhfuddin Akbar, and Muhammad Zainul Abidin. "Pengaruh Jumlah Hidden Layer dan Neuron pada Model Multilayer Perceptron untuk Prediksi Emas." Jurnal Ilmiah ILKOMINFO - Ilmu Komputer & Informatika 8, no. 2 (2025): 269–75. https://doi.org/10.47324/ilkominfo.v8i2.309.

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Abstrak: Pemilihan kombinasi banyaknya hidden layer dan neuron sangat menentukan performansi model deep learning. Terlalu sedikit hidden layer dan neuron yang digunakan dapat menyebabkan rendahnya akurasi, sedangkan jika terlalu banyak maka dapat meningkatkan kompleksitas pemrosesan sehingga sampai saat ini masih belum ada pedoman kombinasi tetap untuk menentukan jumlah hidden layer dan neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi pengaruh variasi hidden layer dan neuron, dalam kinerja akurasi metode Multilayer Perceptron dengan variasi dari 1 sampai 6 lapis hidden layer. Data yang dig

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Genc, Baris, Oge Gozutok, Nuran Kocak, and P. Hande Ozdinler. "The Timing and Extent of Motor Neuron Vulnerability in ALS Correlates with Accumulation of Misfolded SOD1 Protein in the Cortex and in the Spinal Cord." Cells 9, no. 2 (2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020502.

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Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of selective vulnerability has been challenging, especially for motor neuron diseases. Developing drugs that improve the health of neurons that display selective vulnerability relies on in vivo cell-based models and quantitative readout measures that translate to patient outcome. We initially developed and characterized UCHL1-eGFP mice, in which motor neurons are labeled with eGFP that is stable and long-lasting. By crossing UCHL1-eGFP to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease models, we generated ALS mouse models with fluorescently labeled m

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Wyatt, Tanya J., Sharyn L. Rossi, Monica M. Siegenthaler, et al. "Human Motor Neuron Progenitor Transplantation Leads to Endogenous Neuronal Sparing in 3 Models of Motor Neuron Loss." Stem Cells International 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/207230.

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Motor neuron loss is characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders and results in rapid loss of muscle control, paralysis, and eventual death in severe cases. In order to investigate the neurotrophic effects of a motor neuron lineage graft, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived motor neuron progenitors (hMNPs) and examined their histopathological effect in three animal models of motor neuron loss. Specifically, we transplanted hMNPs into rodent models of SMA (Δ7SMN), ALS (SOD1 G93A), and spinal cord injury (SCI). The transplanted cells survived and differentiated in all models

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Yip, Siew Hoong, Ulrich Boehm, Allan E. Herbison, and Rebecca E. Campbell. "Conditional Viral Tract Tracing Delineates the Projections of the Distinct Kisspeptin Neuron Populations to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons in the Mouse." Endocrinology 156, no. 7 (2015): 2582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1131.

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Kisspeptin neurons play an essential role in the regulation of fertility through direct regulation of the GnRH neurons. However, the relative contributions of the two functionally distinct kisspeptin neuron subpopulations to this critical regulation are not fully understood. Here we analyzed the specific projection patterns of kisspeptin neurons originating from either the rostral periventricular nucleus of the third ventricle (RP3V) or the arcuate nucleus (ARN) using a cell-specific, viral-mediated tract-tracing approach. We stereotaxically injected a Cre-dependent recombinant adenovirus enco

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Nalliboyina, Keerthi, and Sakthivel Ramachandran. "Low-power artificial neuron networks with enhanced synaptic functionality using dual transistor and dual memristor." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0318009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318009.

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Artificial neurons with bio-inspired firing patterns have the potential to significantly improve the performance of neural network computing. The most significant component of an artificial neuron circuit is a large amount of energy consumption. Recent literature has proposed memristors as a promising option for synaptic implementation. In contrast, implementing memristive circuitry through neuron hardware presents significant challenges and is a relevant research topic. This paper describes an efficient circuit-level mixed CMOS memristor artificial neuron network with a memristor synapse mode

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Shosaku, A. "Cross-correlation analysis of a recurrent inhibitory circuit in the rat thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 5 (1986): 1030–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.5.1030.

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Spontaneous activities of vibrissa-responding neurons in the rat ventrobasal complex (VB) and somatosensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (S-TR) were simultaneously recorded and subjected to cross-correlation analysis to investigate the functional organization of recurrent inhibitory action of the S-TR on VB neurons. Excitatory and/or inhibitory interactions were found between approximately 75% (25/34) of the pairs of S-TR and VB neurons with receptive fields (RFs) on the same vibrissa. In contrast, there was no significant interaction between 54 pairs of neurons having RFs on differe

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Pandolfi, Erica C., Karen J. Tonsfeldt, Hanne M. Hoffmann, and Pamela L. Mellon. "Deletion of the Homeodomain Protein Six6 From GnRH Neurons Decreases GnRH Gene Expression, Resulting in Infertility." Endocrinology 160, no. 9 (2019): 2151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00113.

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Abstract Hypothalamic GnRH (luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone) neurons are crucial for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which regulates mammalian fertility. Insufficient GnRH disrupts the HPG axis and is often associated with the genetic condition idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). The homeodomain protein sine oculis–related homeobox 6 (Six6) is required for the development of GnRH neurons. Although it is known that Six6 is specifically expressed within a more mature GnRH neuronal cell line and that overexpression of Six6 induces GnRH transcription in these cells

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DeLong, Nicholas D., Mark P. Beenhakker, and Michael P. Nusbaum. "Presynaptic Inhibition Selectively Weakens Peptidergic Cotransmission in a Small Motor System." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (2009): 3492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00833.2009.

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The presence and influence of neurons containing multiple neurotransmitters is well established, including the ability of coreleased transmitters to influence the same or different postsynaptic targets. Little is known, however, regarding whether presynaptic regulation of multitransmitter neurons influences all transmission from these neurons. Using the identified neurons and motor networks in the crab stomatogastric ganglion, we document the ability of presynaptic inhibition to selectively inhibit peptidergic cotransmission. Specifically, we determine that the gastropyloric receptor (GPR) pro

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Fan, Yile, Yuanpeng Li, Naiyang Xue, and Dan Ding. "Analysis of Regularized Poisson GLM Spike-Train Modeling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2173, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012019.

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Abstract This paper introduces a method for modeling and analyzing neural impulse sequences. In this paper, we define the response value of a scale-independent neuron and construct the correlation graph of the neuron under the response value. The minimum cut algorithm is applied continuously to obtain the maximum group of neurons. According to the characteristics of the firing of neurons, a Poisson-process based model is proposed to mathematically model the neural coding, and the gradient descent method is used to optimize it. Through the modeling analysis method, information such as maximum n

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JOHNSTON, DAVID, SIMON PETER MEKHAIL, MARY ANN GO, and VINCENT R. DARIA. "MODELING NEURONAL RESPONSE TO SIMULTANEOUS AND SEQUENTIAL MULTI-SITE SYNAPTIC STIMULATION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 17 (January 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512007878.

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The flow of information in the brain theorizes that each neuron in a network receives synaptic inputs and sends off its processed signals to neighboring neurons. Here, we model these synaptic inputs to understand how each neuron processes these inputs and transmits neurotransmitters to neighboring neurons. We use the NEURON simulation package to stimulate a neuron at multiple synaptic locations along its dendritic tree. Accumulation of multiple synaptic inputs causes changes in the neuron's membrane potential leading to firing of an action potential. Our simulations show that simultaneous syna

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Lipson, H., and H. T. Siegelmann. "Clustering Irregular Shapes Using High-Order Neurons." Neural Computation 12, no. 10 (2000): 2331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300014962.

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This article introduces a method for clustering irregularly shaped data arrangements using high-order neurons. Complex analytical shapes are modeled by replacing the classic synaptic weight of the neuron by high-order tensors in homogeneous coordinates. In the first- and second-order cases, this neuron corresponds to a classic neuron and to an ellipsoidal-metric neuron. We show how high-order shapes can be formulated to follow the maximum-correlation activation principle and permit simple local Hebbian learning. We also demonstrate decomposition of spatial arrangements of data clusters, includ

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Cazé, Romain D. "Any neuron can perform linearly non-separable computations." F1000Research 10 (July 6, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53961.1.

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Multiple studies have shown how dendrites enable some neurons to perform linearly non-separable computations. These works focus on cells with an extended dendritic arbor where voltage can vary independently, turning dendritic branches into local non-linear subunits. However, these studies leave a large fraction of the nervous system unexplored. Many neurons, e.g. granule cells, have modest dendritic trees and are electrically compact. It is impossible to decompose them into multiple independent subunits. Here, we upgraded the integrate and fire neuron to account for saturating dendrites. This

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Cazé, Romain D. "Any neuron can perform linearly non-separable computations." F1000Research 10 (September 16, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53961.2.

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Multiple studies have shown how dendrites enable some neurons to perform linearly non-separable computations. These works focus on cells with an extended dendritic arbor where voltage can vary independently, turning dendritic branches into local non-linear subunits. However, these studies leave a large fraction of the nervous system unexplored. Many neurons, e.g. granule cells, have modest dendritic trees and are electrically compact. It is impossible to decompose them into multiple independent subunits. Here, we upgraded the integrate and fire neuron to account for saturating dendrites. This

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Kim, W. Y., B. Fritzsch, A. Serls, et al. "NeuroD-null mice are deaf due to a severe loss of the inner ear sensory neurons during development." Development 128, no. 3 (2001): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.3.417.

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A key factor in the genetically programmed development of the nervous system is the death of massive numbers of neurons. Therefore, genetic mechanisms governing cell survival are of fundamental importance to developmental neuroscience. We report that inner ear sensory neurons are dependent on a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor called NeuroD for survival during differentiation. Mice lacking NeuroD protein exhibit no auditory evoked potentials, reflecting a profound deafness. DiI fiber staining, immunostaining and cell death assays reveal that the deafness is due to the failure of inn

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Lu, Meili, Yingmei Qin, Huiyan Li, Yanqiu Che, Chunxiao Han, and Xile Wei. "Calcium conductance-dependent network synchronization is differentially modulated by firing frequency." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 15 (2019): 1950160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219501601.

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Synchronous oscillations in certain frequencies of the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN) neurons are closely related to the physical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent results have highlighted the importance of calcium channels in the synchronization properties and regulation of STN neurons. In this paper, a novel hybrid neuron model which can capture the electrophysiological signature of neurons with low or high density of calcium channels is used to explore the synchronization propensity and regulation by firing frequencies of neurons. Numerical simulations show that the synchronization p

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Torkkeli, Päivi H., Shin-Ichi Sekizawa, and Andrew S. French. "Inactivation of Voltage-Activated Na+ Currents Contributes to Different Adaptation Properties of Paired Mechanosensory Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 4 (2001): 1595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1595.

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Voltage-activated sodium current ( I Na) is primarily responsible for the leading edge of the action potential in many neurons. While I Na generally activates rapidly when a neuron is depolarized, its inactivation properties differ significantly between different neurons and even within one neuron, where I Na often has slowly and rapidly inactivating components. I Nainactivation has been suggested to regulate action potential firing frequency in some cells, but no clear picture of this relationship has emerged. We studied I Na in both members of the paired mechanosensory neurons of a spider sl

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