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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitro compounds. Reduction (Chemistry)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Sassykova, L. R., Y. A. Aubakirov, S. Sendilvelan, Zh Kh Tashmukhambetova, N. K. Zhakirova, M. F. Faizullaeva, A. A. Batyrbayeva, R. G. Ryskaliyeva, B. B. Tyussyupova, and T. S. Abildin. "Studying the Mechanisms of Nitro Compounds Reduction (A-Review)." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350103.

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The article describes some variants of mechanisms of nitro compounds reduction, offered by authors in the scientific literature. The focus is on the description of the work of Kazakh and Russian chemists working in the field of catalysis. In most of the works, the classical scheme of the mechanism of the hydrogenation of Haber-Lukashevich nitrobenzene is confirmed and detailed by experimental methods. One of the interesting aspect of the article is description the mechanism of Ya.A. Dorfman which used the orbital theory of catalysis. The orbital approach of the Ya.A. Dorfman mechanism is constructed in the light of modern orbital representations and is valid for the hydrogenation of the nitro group on various catalysts. Among the discussed mechanisms are ideas of Haber, Debus, Jungers, V.P. Shmonina, Lukashevich, M. Geirovsky, Yu. B. Vasilyev, M.V. Klyuev, E.F. Weinstein, E. Gelder, Ya.A. Dorfman and others.

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2

Suzuki, Hitomi, Hajime Manabe, and Masahiko Inouye. "REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH SODIUM TELLURIDE." Chemistry Letters 14, no. 11 (November 5, 1985): 1671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1985.1671.

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3

Mahdavi, Farah, Thomas C. Bruton, and Yuzhuo Li. "Photoinduced reduction of nitro compounds on semiconductor particles." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 3 (January 1993): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00055a033.

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4

Vygodskii, Ya S., L. I. Komarova, and Yu V. Antipov. "The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds by oxiranes." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 8 (August 1994): 1414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00703708.

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5

Theodoridou, E., A. D. Jannakoudakis, P. D. Jannakoudakis, and S. Antoniadou. "Electrochemically oxidized carbon fibres as an adsorbent for the attachment of dissolved substances. Adsorption of nitro compounds and ion-exchange of heavy metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-272.

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The adsorption of several aromatic nitro compounds and the ion-exchange of heavy metal ions on electro-oxidized carbon fibres have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and polarographic techniques. Electro-oxidation is performed by potentiostatic double pulse application. This procedure results in the generation of many functional —OH and —COOH groups with adsorptive and ion-exchanging properties.Multimolecular layers of adsorbed substances may be formed through a procedure of successive adsorption of the nitro-compound and electro-reduction to the corresponding amine, resulting in the attachment of considerable amounts of the nitro-compound to the carbon fibres.The ion-exchange capacity is estimated to be ca. 1 mequiv. g−1 and with slight deviations it follows the rank Ag, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg. After the electro-reduction of the exchanged metal ions, the ion-exchange process can be repeated several times. This procedure is of importance for the removal of significant amounts of heavy and toxic metals from industrial waste waters. Key words: electro-oxidized carbon fibres, adsorption of aromatic nitro compounds, cation-exchange of heavy metals.

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6

Takeshita, Mitsuhiro, and Sachiko Yoshida. "Reduction of Hetero-aromatic Nitro Compounds with Baker's Yeast." HETEROCYCLES 31, no. 12 (1990): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-90-5588.

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7

Sarmah, Parijat, and Dilip K. Dutta. "Manganese Mediated Aqueous reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Amines." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 4 (April 2003): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103173624.

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8

Bock, Hans, and Ulrike Lechner-Knoblauch. "Radikalionen, 69 [1, 2] Die elektrochemische Reduktion aromatischer Nitro-Verbindungen in aprotischer Lösung / Radical Ions, 69 [1, 2] The Electrochemical Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Aprotic Solution." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-1108.

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The reduction potentials of 40 aromatic nitro compounds Rπ(NO2)n with Rπ = benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene and carbazole and n = 1 to 4 nitro groups are determined by cyclic voltammetry in DMF under aprotic conditions. The perturbation by the strongly electron accepting substituents can be rationalized via correlation with HMO eigenvalues. Based on reversibility criteria, the electrochemical behaviour is discussed and the compounds are classified with respect to reversible or irreversible one-electron transfer as well as up to 4 (quasi)-reversible reduction steps. The CV data measured can be used to predict redox reactions of aromatic nitro compounds in inert solvents.

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9

Pehlivan, Leyla, Estelle Métay, Stéphane Laval, Wissam Dayoub, Patrice Demonchaux, Gérard Mignani, and Marc Lemaire. "Iron-catalyzed selective reduction of nitro compounds to amines." Tetrahedron Letters 51, no. 15 (April 2010): 1939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.067.

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10

Formenti, Dario, Francesco Ferretti, Florian Korbinian Scharnagl, and Matthias Beller. "Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using 3d-Non-Noble Metal Catalysts." Chemical Reviews 119, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 2611–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00547.

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11

Prajapati, Dipak, Harsha N. Borah, Jagir S. Sandhu, and Anil C. Ghosh. "Ammonium Sulphate—Magnesium Promoted Selective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds." Synthetic Communications 25, no. 24 (December 1995): 4025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919508011478.

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12

Min'kov, A. I., N. K. Eremenko, S. E. Merkur'eva, and O. A. Efimov. "Reduction of nitro compounds by carbon monoxide on palladium complexes." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 35, no. 6 (June 1986): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00956602.

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13

Gowda, D. Channe, A. S. Prakasha Gowda, A. Ramesha Baba, and Shankare Gowda. "Nickel-Catalyzed Formic Acid Reductions. A Selective Method for the Reduction of Nitro Compounds." Synthetic Communications 30, no. 16 (August 2000): 2889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910008087439.

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14

Joó, Ferenc, and Howard Alper. "Novel coincidence effects in a bimetallic phase transfer catalyzed reaction. Biphasic reduction reactions catalyzed by rhodium carbonylmetallate clusters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-196.

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Bimetallic and cluster rhodium carbonyl complexes catalyze the biphasic reduction of nitro compounds under mild conditions (using CO/5 M NaOH, C6H6 or PhCH3). Rate studies indicate the sensitivity of the reaction to the nature of the organic substrate, base concentration, and the temperature. A previously observed bimetallic (Co2(CO)8 and (1,5-HDRhCl)2) and phase transfer catalyzed [R4N+X−] reduction of nitro compounds was found to be a consequence of the inhibition and reactivation of the true catalyst by the quaternary ammonium salt and cobalt carbonyl, respectively.

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15

Arya, Kapil, and Anshu Dandia. "Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using CeY Zeolite Under Microwaves." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 54, no. 1 (February 20, 2010): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2010.54.01.055.

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16

Srinivasa, G. R., K. Abiraj, and D. Channe Gowda. "Lead-Catalyzed Synthesis of Azo Compounds by Ammonium Acetate Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds." Synthetic Communications 33, no. 24 (December 31, 2003): 4221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-120026850.

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17

Khatiwada, Raju, Robert A. Root, Leif Abrell, Reyes Sierra-Alvarez, James A. Field, and Jon Chorover. "Abiotic reduction of insensitive munition compounds by sulfate green rust." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 5 (2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17221.

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Environmental contextThere is a growing need to understand how insensitive munitions compounds behave in natural environments, particularly in soils, where non-combusted residues accumulate. Here, we tested the ability of sulfate green rust, a naturally occurring mineral, to transform munitions compounds by reacting with the mineral surface. Our results show that both the munitions compounds and the mineral structures are transformed in an oxidation–reduction reaction that alters the compounds’ environmental fates. AbstractAbiotic transformation of contaminants by redox-active mineral surfaces plays an important role in the fate and behaviour of pollutants in soils and sediments. However, there is very little information on such transformations for the insensitive munitions compounds (IMCs), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), developed in recent years to replace the traditional munition compounds in explosive mixtures. We tested the ability of sulfate green rust to transform NTO and DNAN (0.5 mM) under anoxic conditions at pH 8.4 in laboratory experiments, by using green rust supplied at 10 g kg−1 (w/w) solid concentration. Results indicate that NTO and DNAN underwent rapid abiotic reduction to their organic amine daughter products. NTO was completely transformed to 5-amino-1,2 4-triazol-3-one (ATO) within 20 min of reaction. This is the first report of NTO reduction by a naturally occurring mineral. Similarly, DNAN was rapidly transformed to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA) and 4-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (iMENA). The reduction occurred with an intriguing staggered regioselectivity. Over the first 10 min, the para-nitro group of DNAN was selectively reduced to generate iMENA. Thereafter, the ortho-nitro group was preferentially reduced, generating MENA. Both iMENA and MENA were subsequently transformed to the final reduction product 2,4-diaminoanisol (DAAN) within 1 day. Iron Kα X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) studies of reacted solids indicated oxidative transformation of the green rust to lepidocrocite-like mineral forms. These results indicate that the IMCs can be rapidly transformed in soil, sediment or aquatic environments containing green rust.

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18

Chen, Dong-Mei, Jia-Yan Liu, Ming Wei, Bing-Wei Wang, Ruo-Han Chu, and Dong-Sheng Chen. "Synthesis of indazolo[5,4-b][1,6]naphthyridine and indazolo[6,7-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives." Heterocyclic Communications 25, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hc-2019-0006.

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AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds by an efficient in-situ reduction and cyclization reactions of aromatic aldehydes, tert-butyl 2,4-dioxopiperidine-1-carboxylate and 5-nitro-1H-indazole or 6-nitro-1H-indazole was developed.

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19

Uchida, Shuji, Kazuo Yanada, Hiromi Yamaguchi, and Haruo Meguri. "Synthesis ofN-Arylhydroxylamines by Tellurium-Catalyzed Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds." Chemistry Letters 15, no. 7 (July 5, 1986): 1069–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1986.1069.

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20

Zheng, Xing-Liaiig, and Yong-Min Zhang. "Samarium-promoted Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds in Ionic Liquid." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 9 (August 26, 2010): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.20020200925.

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21

Nishiyama, Yutaka, Sadatatsu Ikeda, Hiroaki Nishida, and Rui Umeda. "Selenium-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Reduction of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Carbon Monoxide." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 83, no. 7 (July 15, 2010): 816–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20090347.

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22

Hwu, Jih Ru, Fung Fuh Wong, and Min Jen Shiao. "Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines by sodium trimethylsilanethiolate." Journal of Organic Chemistry 57, no. 19 (September 1992): 5254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00045a047.

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23

Jyothi, T. M., R. Rajagopal, K. Sreekumar, M. B. Talawar, S. Sugunan, and B. S. Rao. "Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Hydrazine Hydrate over a CeO2–SnO2 Catalyst." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 11 (November 1999): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902301119.

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A CeO2 (10%)-SnO2 catalyst prepared by a co-precipitation method efficiently catalyses the transfer hydrogen reduction of a number of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrazine hydrate under mild conditions.

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24

Francisco da Silva, Amauri, Antonio João da Silva Filho, Mário Vasconcellos, and Otávio Luís de Santana. "One-Electron Reduction Potentials: Calibration of Theoretical Protocols for Morita–Baylis–Hillman Nitroaromatic Compounds in Aprotic Media." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092129.

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Nitroaromatic compounds—adducts of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBHA) reaction—have been applied in the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease. The biological activity of these compounds is directly related to chemical reactivity in the environment, chemical structure of the compound, and reduction of the nitro group. Because of the last aspect, electrochemical methods are used to simulate the pharmacological activity of nitroaromatic compounds. In particular, previous studies have shown a correlation between the one-electron reduction potentials in aprotic medium (estimated by cyclic voltammetry) and antileishmanial activities (measured by the IC50) for a series of twelve MBHA. In the present work, two different computational protocols were calibrated to simulate the reduction potentials for this series of molecules with the aim of supporting the molecular modeling of new pharmacological compounds from the prediction of their reduction potentials. The results showed that it was possible to predict the experimental reduction potential for the calibration set with mean absolute errors of less than 25 mV (about 0.6 kcal·mol−1).

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25

Gholinejad, Mohammad, Hamid Esmailoghli, and José M. Sansano. "Human hair catalyzed selective reduction of nitroarenes to amines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 5 (May 2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0444.

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Nowadays, there is great demand to use natural, cheap, and biodegradable materials as catalysts in different organic reactions. In this work, we use human hair as a completely biodegradable, renewable, and available material for the reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous media at 50 °C. Using this new catalyst, structurally different aromatic nitro compounds, as well as heterocyclic compounds, are reduced to corresponding amines in high to excellent yields. The presented catalytic system is applicable for large-scale reduction of nitroarenes.

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26

Chaubal, Nivedita S., and Manohar R. Sawant. "Nitro compounds reduction via hydride transfer using mesoporous mixed oxide catalyst." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 261, no. 2 (January 2007): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.06.033.

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27

Kumar, Anurag, Aathira M. Sadanandhan, and Suman L. Jain. "Silver doped reduced graphene oxide as a promising plasmonic photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of benzylamines under visible light irradiation." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 23 (2019): 9116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00852g.

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28

Qu, Yingmin, Guodong Xu, Jiahao Yang, and Zhongshen Zhang. "Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds over Ni nanoparticles confined in CNTs." Applied Catalysis A: General 590 (January 2020): 117311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.117311.

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29

Irgashev, Roman A., Nikita A. Kazin, Gennady L. Rusinov, and Valery N. Charushin. "Nitration of 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles and synthetic applications of their nitro-substituted derivatives." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (July 14, 2017): 1396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.136.

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A new general approach to double nitration of 6,12-di(hetero)aryl-substituted and 6,12-unsubstituted 5,11-dialkyl-5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by acetyl nitrate has been developed to obtain their 2,8-dinitro and 6,12-dinitro derivatives, respectively. A formation of mono-nitro derivatives (at C-2 or C-6) from the same indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles has also been observed in several cases. Reduction of 2-nitro and 2,8-dinitro derivatives with zinc powder and hydrochloric acid has afforded 2-amino- and 2,8-diamino-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, while reduction of 6,12-dinitro derivatives under similar reaction conditions has been accompanied by denitrohydrogenation of the latter compounds into 6,12-unsubstituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles. Formylation of 6,12-dinitro derivatives has proved to occur only at C-2, while bromination of these compounds has taken place at both C-2 and C-8 of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole scaffold. Moreover, 6,12-dinitro-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles have been modified by the reactions with S- and N-nucleophiles. Notably, the treatment of 6,12-dinitro compounds with potassium thiolates has resulted in the displacement of both nitro groups, unlike potassium salts of indole or carbazole, which have caused substitution of only one nitro group.

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30

Gawande, Manoj B., Anuj K. Rathi, Jiri Tucek, Klara Safarova, Nenad Bundaleski, Orlando M. N. D. Teodoro, Libor Kvitek, Rajender S. Varma, and Radek Zboril. "Magnetic gold nanocatalyst (nanocat-Fe–Au): catalytic applications for the oxidative esterification and hydrogen transfer reactions." Green Chem. 16, no. 9 (2014): 4137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc00774c.

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31

Baruah, Bipul, Anima Boruah, Dipak Prajapati, and Jagir S. Sandhu. "Cadmium Chloride-Zinc Catalysed Selective Reduction of Nitro Aromatics to Azoxy Compounds." Chemistry Letters 25, no. 5 (May 1996): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1996.351.

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32

Saha, Amit, and Brindaban Ranu. "Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds by Copper Nanoparticles/Ammonium Formate." Journal of Organic Chemistry 73, no. 17 (September 2008): 6867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo800863m.

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33

Jia, Wei-Guo, Ming-Xia Cheng, Li-Li Gao, Siu Min Tan, Chao Wang, Xiaogang Liu, and Richmond Lee. "A ruthenium bisoxazoline complex as a photoredox catalyst for nitro compound reduction under visible light." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 27 (2019): 9949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00428a.

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A novel ruthenium(ii) complex containing bisoxazoline and bipyridine ligands has been synthesized and characterized, which shows high catalytic activities for nitro compounds in the presence of sodium borohydride and visible light.

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34

Lewandowska, Elzbieta, Stefan Kinastowski, and Stanislaw F. Wnuk. "Studies on the rearrangement of ortho-nitrobenzylidenemalonates and their Analogues to 2-aminobenzoate derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-010.

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Reaction of the diethyl 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidenemalonate with diethylamine in alcohols resulted in the reduction of the nitro group and the oxidation of the vinylic carbon attached to the phenyl ring. Simultaneous migration of the malonic fragment gave the appropriate 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate esters. The presence of at least two nitro groups, or one nitro group and trifluoromethyl group on the phenyl ring, attached to the α-carbon and strongly electron withdrawing substituents at the β-carbon (CO2Et, CN) in ortho-nitrobenzylidene systems is necessary for this reductiveoxidative rearrangement to proceed. Reaction of nitrocinnamates with thiols in the presence of triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran gave Michael addition products with different regioselectivity of addition. Ethyl 2-nitrocinnamate undergoes standard β-addition of thiols to a carboncarbon double bond. However, 2,4-dinitro- and 2,4,6-trinitrocinnamates undergo α-addition of thiols, indicating that the presence of two nitro groups on the phenyl ring can reverse polarity of the carboncarbon double bond in cinnamate acceptors.Key words: abnormal Michael reactions, aromatic nitro compounds, benzylidene compounds, rearrangements.

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35

Schabel, Tobias, Christian Belger, and Bernd Plietker. "A Mild Chemoselective Ru-Catalyzed Reduction of Alkynes, Ketones, and Nitro Compounds." Organic Letters 15, no. 11 (May 28, 2013): 2858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol401185t.

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36

Letort, S., M. Lejeune, N. Kardos, E. Métay, F. Popowycz, M. Lemaire, and M. Draye. "New insights into the catalytic reduction of aliphatic nitro compounds with hypophosphites under ultrasonic irradiation." Green Chemistry 19, no. 19 (2017): 4583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc01622k.

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This work proposes an efficient process allowing the reduction of nitro compounds to the corresponding amines in water, at 70 °C with a quantitative conversion and a maximal yield in only 15 min thanks to the ultrasonic activation.

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37

Tahir, Kamran, Baoshan Li, Shafiullah Khan, Sadia Nazir, Zia Ul Haq Khan, Arif Ullah Khan, and Rafiq Ul Islam. "Enhanced chemocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds by biosynthesized gold nanoparticles." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 651 (December 2015): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.109.

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38

Yang, Shuibo, Bin Sun, Zhongping Ou, Deying Meng, Guifen Lu, Yuanyuan Fang, and Karl M. Kadish. "β-Nitro-substituted free-base, iron(III) and manganese(III) tetraarylporphyrins: synthesis, electrochemistry and effect of the NO2 substituent on spectra and redox potentials in non-aqueous media." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17, no. 08n09 (August 2013): 857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613500612.

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Two free-base and four metal derivatives of substituted tetraarylporphyrins containing a nitro-substituent on the β-pyrrole position of the macrocycle were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, 1 H NMR and mass spectrometry as well as electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry in non-aqueous media. The porphyrins are represented as ( NO 2 TmPP ) M and ( NO 2 TdmPP ) M , where M = 2 H , Fe III Cl or Mn III Cl , m is a CH 3 group on the para-position of the four meso-phenyl rings of the tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and dm represents two OCH 3 substituents on the meta-positions of each phenyl ring of the TPP macrocycle. UV-visible spectra of the nitro-substituted porphyrins exhibit absorption bands which are red-shifted by 4–11 nm as compared to bands of the same substituted tetraarylporphyrins lacking a nitro substituent. Three or four reductions are observed for each iron and manganese nitroporphyrin, the first of which is metal-centered, leading to formation of an Fe ( II ) or Mn ( II ) complex. Further reduction at the metal center occurs for the iron porphyrins but this reaction proceeds via an Fe ( II ) π anion radical in the case of the two nitro-substituented derivatives. The β-nitro-substituted porphyrins are easier to reduce and harder to oxidize than the corresponding compounds lacking a nitro group. The effect of NO 2 substituent on reduction/oxidation potentials and the site of electron transfer was also discussed.

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39

Shukla, Astha, Rajib Kumar Singha, Takehiko Sasaki, and Rajaram Bal. "Nanocrystalline Pt-CeO2as an efficient catalyst for a room temperature selective reduction of nitroarenes." Green Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2015): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01664e.

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We have developed 2–5 nm Pt nanoparticles supported on CeO₂nanoparticles which shows chemoselective hydrogenation of nitro compounds in the presence of molecular hydrogen with >99.9% conversion and 99% selectivity at room temperature.

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40

Monti, Gustavo A., N. Mariano Correa, R. Darío Falcone, Gustavo F. Silbestri, and Fernando Moyano. "Water-soluble gold nanoparticles: recyclable catalysts for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in water." RSC Advances 10, no. 26 (2020): 15065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02131h.

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A structure/catalytic activity study of water-soluble gold nanoparticles, stabilized by zwitterionic ligands derived from imidazolium salts, in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds in pure water, as well as their recyclability, was performed.

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41

Yadav, Veena, Shweta Gupta, Rupesh Kumar, Gajendra Singh, and Rekha Lagarkha. "Polymeric PEG35k-Pd Nanoparticles: Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Reduction of Nitro Compounds." Synthetic Communications 42, no. 2 (September 14, 2011): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2010.523159.

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42

Suzuki, Hitomi, Hajime Manabe, Takashi Kawaguchi, and Masahiko Inouye. "Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Thioketones with Sodium Telluride under Aprotic Conditions." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 60, no. 2 (February 1987): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.60.771.

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43

Murata, Satoru, Masahiro Miura, and Masakatsu Nomura. "Fe3O(OAc)6(Py)3Mediated Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with 2-Mercaptoethanol." Chemistry Letters 17, no. 2 (February 5, 1988): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1988.361.

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44

Portada, Tomislav, Davor Margetić, and Vjekoslav Štrukil. "Mechanochemical Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Derivatives." Molecules 23, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123163.

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Mechanochemical ball milling catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aromatic nitro compounds using readily available and cheap ammonium formate as the hydrogen source is demonstrated as a simple, facile and clean approach for the synthesis of substituted anilines and selected pharmaceutically relevant compounds. The scope of mechanochemical CTH is broad, as the reduction conditions tolerate various functionalities, for example nitro, amino, hydroxy, carbonyl, amide, urea, amino acid and heterocyclic. The presented methodology was also successfully integrated with other types of chemical reactions previously carried out mechanochemically, such as amide bond formation by coupling amines with acyl chlorides or anhydrides and click-type coupling reactions between amines and iso(thio)cyanates. In this way, we showed that active pharmaceutical ingredients Procainamide and Paracetamol could be synthesized from the respective nitro-precursors on milligram and gram scale in excellent isolated yields.

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45

Madhu, Ragunath, Arun Karmakar, Kannimuthu Karthick, Sangeetha Kumaravel, Selvasundarasekar Sam Sankar, Devendra Prajapati, and Subrata Kundu. "Fabrication of highly stable platinum organosols over DNA-scaffolds for enriched catalytic and SERS applications." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 21 (2021): 7198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00653c.

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Highly stable DNA-mediated Pt@DNA organosols were prepared by a simple wet chemical method and fruitfully utilized as catalysts for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds and as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies.

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46

Kumar, J. S. Dileep, ManKit M. Ho, and Tatsushi Toyokuni. "Simple and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines: reduction with hydriodic acid revisited." Tetrahedron Letters 42, no. 33 (August 2001): 5601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01083-8.

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47

Rauser, Marian, Christoph Ascheberg, and Meike Niggemann. "Direct Reductive N -Functionalization of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds." Chemistry - A European Journal 24, no. 16 (February 21, 2018): 3970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201705986.

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48

Zuman, Petr. "Electroreduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds: Case for Comparison of Information Obtained by Polarography and Voltammetry." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 1 (1993): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19930041.

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The difference between the information obtained by d.c. polarography (which is virtually a potentiostatic method) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), where products formed at one potential can affect electrolysis at another potential is discussed. The principle is demonstrated on reduction of nitrobenzenes, where at DME the reduction usually occurs as a strictly four-electron process, whereas in CV the arylhydroxylamines formed react wit an intermediate of the four-electron reduction.

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49

Duan, Zhongyu, Guoli Ma, and Wenjun Zhang. "Preparation of Copper Nanoparticles and Catalytic Properties for the Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 33, no. 12 (December 20, 2012): 4003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.12.4003.

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50

Kuo, Elaine, S. Srivastava, C. K. Cheung, and W. J. Le Noble. "Facile Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Anilines With 2-Propanol and Raney Nickel." Synthetic Communications 15, no. 7 (June 1985): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918508063845.

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