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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitrobenzene. Chemical reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Woo, Mino, Lubow Maier, Steffen Tischer, Olaf Deutschmann, and Martin Wörner. "A Qualitative Numerical Study on Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Gas-Liquid Taylor Flow with Detailed Reaction Mechanism." Fluids 5, no. 4 (2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040234.

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While the number of computational studies considering two-phase flows in microfluidic systems with or without mass transfer is increasing, numerical studies incorporating chemical reactions are still rare. This study aims to simulate the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in gas-liquid Taylor flow by combining interface-resolving numerical simulations of two-phase flow and mass transfer by a volume-of-fluid method with detailed modeling of the heterogeneous chemical reaction by software package DETCHEMTM. Practically relevant physical properties are utilized for hydrodynamic and mass tran

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2

VAN der AAR, Ellen M., Tialda BOUWMAN, Jan N. M. COMMANDEUR, and Nico P. E. VERMEULEN. "Structure-activity relationships for chemical and glutathione S-transferase-catalysed glutathione conjugation reactions of a series of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes." Biochemical Journal 320, no. 2 (1996): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3200531.

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalysing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic compounds. In the present study, Km, kcat and kcat/Km values for the rat GST 1-1-, 3-3-, 4-4- and 7-7-catalysed conjugation reactions between GSH and a series of 10 different 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes, and the second-order rate constants (ks) of the corresponding base-catalysed reactions, were correlated with nine classical physicochemical parameters (electronic, steric and lipophilic) of the substituents and with 16

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3

Whang, Thou-Jen, Mu-Tao Hsieh, Tjaun-En Shi, and Chun-Hsiung Kuei. "UV-Irradiated Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitrobenzene by Titania Binding on Quartz Tube." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/681941.

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A new method for UV-irradiated degradation of nitrobenzene by titania photocatalysts was proposed, titania nanoparticles were coated on a quartz tube through the introduction of tetraethyl orthosilicate into the matrix. The dependence of nitrobenzene photodegradation on pH, temperature, concentration, and air feeding was discussed, and the physical properties such as the activation energy, entropy, enthalpy, adsorption constant, and rate constant were acquired by conducting the reactions in a variety of experimental conditions. The optimum efficiency of the photodegradation with the nitrobenze

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4

Wang, Erkang, and Yuqing Liu. "Ion transfer with the coupled chemical reactions at the water—nitrobenzene interface." Electrochimica Acta 35, no. 11-12 (1990): 1965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(90)87106-c.

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5

Chen, Xuecheng, Chao Zhang, Ryszard J. Kalenczuk, et al. "Porous nanopeapod Pd catalyst with excellent stability and efficiency." Chemical Communications 53, no. 4 (2017): 740–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08598a.

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Mesoporous peapod structured Pd@m-C/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst showed high efficiency and stability for the reduction of nitrobenzene by H<sub>2</sub> and NO by NH<sub>3</sub> because of its novel nanostructure rending Pd nanoparticles highly active in these chemical reactions.

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6

Sun, Meng, Yong Sheng Zhao, Jun Dong, and Li Li Dong. "Study on Degradation of Nitrobenzene in Groundwater by Fenton-Like Oxidation Based on Iron in Aquifer Materials." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.516.

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Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are regarded as high efficient methods in advanced treatment of nitrobenzene wastewater but both restrained in degradation of nitrobenzene in groundwater because of the low pH condition( less than 4 ) requirement and other problems such as secondary pollution by the irons in contaminated sites. This paper reports a new Fenton-like technology combined irons extraction from aquifer materials which were found in a nitrobenzene contaminated site in China with hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation. The simulate experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation

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7

Makrlík, Emanuel. "Chemical equilibria including particles I-, I3-, I5-, and I2 in two-phase water-nitrobenzene extraction system." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 11 (1990): 2602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19902602.

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General relations among thermodynamic parameters characterizing chemical equilibria with species I-, I3-, I5-, and I2 in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene extraction system have been derived. Furthermore, these relations have been used for calculating equilibrium constants K1aq(I3-) and K2aq(I5-) corresponding to homogeneous reactions I-(aq) + I2(aq) ⇄ I3-(aq) and I3-(aq) + I2(aq) ⇄ I5-(aq) proceeding in the aqueous phase of the system under study. Finally, stability of polyiodides I3- and I5- in both phases has been discussed.

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8

Fedkiw, P. S., and J. C. Chao. "Selectivity modification in electroorganic reactions by periodic current control: Electroreduction of nitrobenzene." AIChE Journal 31, no. 9 (1985): 1578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310925.

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9

Mithaishvili, Teimuraz, René Scalla, Devi Ugrekhelidze, Benedict Tsereteli, Tinatin Sadunishvili, and George Kvesitadze. "Degradation of Aromatic Compounds in Plants Grown under Aseptic Conditions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 1-2 (2005): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-1-218.

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The aim of the work is to investigate the ability of higher plants to absorb and detoxify environmental pollutants - aromatic compounds via aromatic ring cleavage. Transformation of 14C specifically labelled benzene derivatives, [1-6-14C]-nitrobenzene, [1-6-14C]-aniline, [1-14C]- and [7-14C]-benzoic acid, in axenic seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) were studied. After penetration in plants, the above xenobiotics are transformed by oxidative or reductive reactions, conjugation with cell endogenous compou

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10

Vinatoru, M., E. Bartha, F. Badea, and J. L. Luche. "Sonochemical and thermal redox reactions of triphenylmethane and triphenylmethyl carbinol in nitrobenzene." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 5, no. 1 (1998): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(98)00004-2.

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11

Zhu, Xun, Hao Feng, Rong Chen, et al. "Experimental study on the durability of the polydopamine functionalized gas–liquid–solid microreactor for nitrobenzene hydrogenation." RSC Advances 8, no. 11 (2018): 5661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12460k.

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12

Zhao, Yixing, and Gordon R. Freeman. "Solvent effects on the reactivity of solvated electrons with organic solutes in 1-butylamine–water mixtures." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 3 (1996): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-034.

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The values of the rate constants of the reactions of es− with the efficient scavengers nitrobenzene and acetone are ≥ 2 × 106 m3 mol−1 s−1 in the whole range of 1-butylamine–water mixtures at 298 K; the reaction rates in the mixed solvents vary approximately as the solvent fluidity. In pure butylamine at 298 K, k2(es− + nitrobenzene) = 84 × 106 m3 mol−1 s−1 and k2(es− + acetone) = 7.3 × 106 m3 mol−1 s−1. The values of the rate constants of the reactions of es− with the inefficient scavengers phenol and toluene are < 2 × 105 m3 mol−1 s−1 in the whole range of 1-butylamine–water mixtures at 2

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13

Wang, Xiaofeng, Wei Guo, Raed Abu-Reziq, and Shlomo Magdassi. "High-Complexity WO3-Based Catalyst with Multi-Catalytic Species via 3D Printing." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (2020): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080840.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently been introduced into the field of chemistry as an enabling tool employed to perform reactions, but so far, its use has been limited due to material and structural constraints. We have developed a new approach for fabricating 3D catalysts with high-complexity features for chemical reactions via digital light processing printing (DLP). PtO2-WO3 heterogeneous catalysts with complex shapes were directly fabricated from a clear solution, composed of photo-curable organic monomers, photoinitiators, and metallic salts. The 3D-printed catalysts were tested

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14

ZHANG, Q., Y. KOBAYASHI, E. W. HELLMUTH, and Y. C. JEAN. "Positronium chemical reactions in solutions : magnetic quenching of ortho-positronium in solutions of nitrobenzene in n- and iso-octane." Le Journal de Physique IV 03, no. C4 (1993): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1993412.

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15

Sun, William, Cheryl Falzon, Ebrahim Naimi, et al. "Synthesis of [18F]FAZA Using Nosyl and Iodo Precursors for Nucleophilic Radiofluorination." Current Radiopharmaceuticals 12, no. 1 (2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471011666181019105947.

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Background: 1-&#945;-D-(5-Deoxy-5-[18F]fluoroarabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([18F]FAZA) is manufactured by nucleophilic radiofluorination of 1-&#945;-D-(2’,3’-di-O-acetyl-5’-O-toluenesulfonylarabinofuranosyl)- 2-nitroimidazole (DiAcTosAZA) and alkaline deprotection to afford [18F]FAZA. High yields (>60%) under optimized conditions frequently revert to low yields (<20%) in large scale, automated syntheses. Competing side reactions and concomitant complex reaction mixtures contribute to substantial loss of product during HPLC clean-up. Objective: To develop alternative precurso

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16

Kushch, S. D. "Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation to N-phenylhydroxylamine: a New Approach to the Selectivity." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, no. 1 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj513.

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A new approach to resolve the problem of selectivity with respect to N-phenylhydroxylamine in nitrobenzene hydrogenation is proposed. N-phenylhydroxylamine only is the final product of nitrobenzene electroreduction in aprotic media. In this case nitrobenzene reduction carries out by alternation of electrochemical (electron transfer) and chemical (species formed protonation) stages i.e. by so-called EC mechanism. Such mechanism realization in nitrobenzene hydrogenation is possible if i) a catalyst activates hydrogen as “hydrogen electrode” i.e. serves electrons source; ii) a reaction media cont

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17

Gao, Jinzhang, Kanjun Sun, Wu Yang, and Huixian Zhou. "Determination of p-nitrobenzene-azo-naphthol by an oscillating chemical reaction using the analyte pulse perturbation technique." Open Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2005): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02479278.

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AbstractA simple analytical method for the determination of p-nitrobenzene-azo-naphthol was proposed by a sequential perturbation with different amounts of p-nitrobenzene-azo-naphthol on an oscillating chemical system. The method involves a Cu(II)-catalysed oscillating reaction between hydrogen peroxide and sodium thiocyanate in alkaline medium with the aid of continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A good linear relationship between the changes, oscillation amplitude or/and period, and the concentration of p-nitrobenzene-azo-naphthol was obtained. The use of analyte pulse perturbation te

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18

Shin, Dongyun, Seung-Hye Yang, and Seohyun Jo. "AlCl3-Mediated Synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-quinolone-3-carboxylates." Synlett 28, no. 13 (2017): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588798.

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4-Aryl-2-quinolones are important skeletons from both chemical and medicinal viewpoints. We herein report the development of an efficient synthetic method for 3-substituted 4-aryl-2-quinolones. The key reaction in this process involves an AlCl3-mediated intramolecular cyclization of substituted 2-(carbamoyl)-3-phenylacrylates, with optimized reaction conditions of 2.0 equivalents of AlCl3, nitrobenzene, 80 °C, and 3 hours. The chemical yields of cyclization were found to be sensitive to all reaction conditions.

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19

Challagulla, Swapna, Soumitra Payra, Chanchal Chakraborty, and Sounak Roy. "Determination of band edges and their influences on photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene by bulk and exfoliated g-C3N4." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 6 (2019): 3174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06855k.

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Thermally and chemically exfoliated bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, due to differences in structure, morphology and band position, show different reaction mechanisms for nitrobenzene photoreduction.

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20

Gowthaman, N. S. K., Bharathi Sinduja, and S. Abraham John. "Tuning the composition of gold–silver bimetallic nanoparticles for the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide and nitrobenzene." RSC Advances 6, no. 68 (2016): 63433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05658j.

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21

Zhang, Lianyang, Junhui Jiang, Wei Shi, Shengjie Xia, Zheming Ni, and Xuechun Xiao. "Insights into the hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene to aniline on Pd3/Pt(111): a density functional theory study." RSC Advances 5, no. 43 (2015): 34319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02389k.

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22

Han, Defang, Kun Huang, Xianglin Li, et al. "Temperature-induced structural diversity of metal–organic frameworks and their applications in selective sensing of nitrobenzene and electrocatalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction." RSC Advances 9, no. 58 (2019): 33890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07031a.

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Structure diversities can be observed in four new Co-MOFs by temperature modulated hydrothermal synthesis, which show high selectivity to nitrobenzene (NB) as well as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities.

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23

Tang, Pei-Ling, Osman Hassan, Mohamad Yusof Maskat, and Khairiah Badri. "Production of Monomeric Aromatic Compounds from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Lignin by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/891539.

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In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFBF) was pretreated with alkali, and lignin was extracted for further degradation into lower molecular weight phenolic compounds using enzymes and chemical means. Efficiency of monomeric aromatic compounds production from OPEFBF lignin via chemical (nitrobenzene versus oxygen) and enzymatic [cutinase versus manganese peroxidase (MnP)] approaches was investigated. The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration (2, 5, and 10% wt.) and reaction time (30, 90, and 180 minutes) on the yield of aromatic compounds were studied. The results obtained indicate

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24

Бачинський, Р. О., та Я. О. Бачинська. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ІМУННОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ДІЇ НІТРОБЕНЗОЛУ ТА МЕТИЛТРЕТБУТИЛОВОГО ЕФІРУ В УМОВАХ ХОЛОДОВОГО СТРЕСУ ТА В УМОВАХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ОПТИМУМУ". Біорізноманіття, екологія та експериментальна біологія, № 21 (2019): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2708-583x.2019.21.09.

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The article describes the results of experimental studies aimed at investigating toxic effects of methyl tertbutyl ether [MTBE] and nitrobenzene [NB] according to the criteria of changes in the immune system status of laboratory animals in conditions of cold stress and in conditions of temperature optimum. The research was carried out in the conditions of a subacute experiment (during one month of experiment) on laboratory animals (adult WAG male rats). The NB or MTBE were injected into the stomach at a dosage 1/10 LD50 (70 mg/kg of NB and 500 mg/kg MTBE) thirty times, the experimental animals

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25

Herrera-Rodríguez, Tamy, Lina S. Miranda-Jiménez, and Ángel D. González-Delgado. "Computer-Aided Exergy Sensibility Analysis of Nitrobenzene Production through Benzene Nitration Using an Acid Mixture." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6986709.

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Nitrobenzene is widely produced via benzene nitration to be applied in several industries such as pharmaceutical, textile, and agricultural. In this work, an exergy sensibility analysis was performed with the aim of identifying possible opportunities of process improvements. The irreversibilities, exergy of wastes, and efficiency were calculated per stage through exergy balance. The simulation software Aspen plus V10.1 provided the physical exergies of process streams while chemical exergies were found in literature. A sensibility analysis was also carried out in order to study the effect of e

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26

Spencer, S. R., L. A. Xue, E. M. Klenz, and P. Talalay. "The potency of inducers of NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase parallels their efficiency as substrates for glutathione transferases. Structural and electronic correlations." Biochemical Journal 273, no. 3 (1991): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2730711.

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Induction of glutathione transferases (EC. 2.5.1.18), NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2; quinone reductase) and other detoxification enzymes is a major mechanism for protecting cells against the toxicities of electrophiles, including many carcinogens. Although inducers of these two enzymes belong to many different chemical classes, they nevertheless contain (or acquire by metabolism) electrophilic centres that appear to be essential for inclusive activity, and many inducers are Michael reaction acceptors [Talalay, De Long & Prochaska (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A

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27

Vavasori, Andrea, and Lucio Ronchin. "Phosgene-free synthesis of 1,3-diphenylurea via catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 3 (2012): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-07-15.

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1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) has been proposed as a synthetic intermediate for phosgene-free synthesis of methyl N-phenylcarbamate and phenyl isocyanate, which are easily obtained from the urea by reaction with methanol. Such an alternative route to synthesis of carbamates and isocyanates necessitates an improved phosgene-free synthesis of the corresponding urea. In this work, it is reported that Pd(II)-diphosphine catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in acetic acid (AcOH)-methanol proceeds in high yield and selectivity as a one-step synthesis of DPU. We have found that the catalytic ac

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28

Dai, Qian Wen, Zi Li Liu, Cui Xia Xu, Qi Gang Xie, Fan Zhang, and Jian Jie Zhang. "Liquid-Phase Selective Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene over Ultrasonic-Assisted Ni-Mo-P Amorphous Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.420.

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The Ni-Mo-P amorphous catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method under different sonication conditions. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts in selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene(NB) to aniline(AN) were characterized by XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, H2-TPR and H2-TPD. The results show that the introduction of ultrasonic can improve the dispersion of the active sites in the catalyst, the particle size of the catalyst is also smaller than the regular prepared Ni-Mo-P amorphous catalyst. And the influences of the sonication power and time on the catalysts were discussed a

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29

Jakuš, Vladimír, and Eva Bojsová. "New Phosgene-Free Procedure for Preparation of Methyl N-Phenylcarbamate and Dimethyl Diphenylmethane Dicarbamate as Important Precursors for Producing Iso- and Diisocyanates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 7 (1992): 1505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921505.

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Methyl N-phenylcarbamate was prepared by reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in the presence of methanol and a new catalytic system composed of sulfur, vanadium pentoxide and a base - alkoxides of alkali metals or hydroxides of alkali metals or alkali earths - in good yields. Reaction mechanism of this process is discussed. Diphenylmethane dicarbamates were obtained by acid-catalyzed condensation of methyl N-phenylcarbamate with formaldehyde. Concentrated and dilute sulphuric acids, dilute hydrochloric acid, a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, and bentonite were the catalysts inv

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30

Kačíková, Danica, Ivan Kubovský, Milan Gaff, and František Kačík. "Changes of Meranti, Padauk, and Merbau Wood Lignin during the ThermoWood Process." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13070993.

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Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly process in which technological properties of wood are modified using thermal energy without adding chemicals, the result of which is a value-added product. Wood samples of three tropical wood species (meranti, padauk, and merbau) were thermally treated according to the ThermoWood process at various temperatures (160, 180, 210 °C) and changes in isolated lignin were evaluated by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). New data on the lignins of the investigated wood

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31

Millán, Reisel, María Dolores Soriano, Cristina Cerdá Moreno, Mercedes Boronat, and Patricia Concepción. "Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Nitrobenzene Activation on Non-Noble Metals-Based Mono- and Bimetallic Catalysts." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (2021): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082037.

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In this paper, substituted anilines are industrially obtained by direct hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds with molecular H2 using metals as catalysts. Previous theoretical studies proposed that the mechanism of the reaction depends on the nature of the metal used as a catalyst, and that rationally designed bimetallic materials might show improved catalytic performance. Herein, we present IR spectroscopic studies of nitrobenzene interactions with monometallic Ni/SiO2, Cu/SiO2 and Pd/SiO2, and with bimetallic CuNi/SiO2 and CuPd/SiO2 catalysts, both in the absence and presence of H2, combi

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32

Silva, Monica, Maria E. Azenha, Mariette M. Pereira, et al. "Immobilization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2-fluorophenyl)porphyrin into MCM-41 and NaY: Routes toward photodegradation of pesticides." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 11 (2009): 2025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-12-04.

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NaY zeolite and MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve were used as supports for immobilization of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2-fluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP) using adsorption and ship-in-the-bottle routes involving the nitrobenzene method. The materials obtained were characterized by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), nitrogen adsorption, UV–vis absorption, diffuse reflectance (DRS), and luminescence spectroscopy. Although the porphyrin could easily be synthesized inside MCM-41 pores using the ship-in-the-bottle route, no significant porphyrin was formed in the smaller supercages of

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33

Mukherjee, Arnab, Mrinal K. Adak, Anirban Chowdhury, and Debasis Dhak. "Synthesis of Cost-effective Trimetallic Oxide Nanocatalysts for the Reduction of Nitroarenes in Presence of NaBH4 in an Aqueous Medium." Current Catalysis 8, no. 1 (2019): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211544708666181129100631.

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Background: To prevent the environmental pollution, the release of the carcinogenic reagents like nitroarenes, especially nitrobenzene must be reduced or to find a way to convert these hazardous materials into less harmful material. For the reduction of nitroarenes, various types of catalysts such as metal nanoparticles (mainly coinage and group VIII) and platinum group metals were used. The chemo/homo selectivity of the reduction of nitroarenes was tested mainly in an organic solvent medium. Method: Trimetallic oxide nanocatalysts were prepared chemically and characterized via Thermogravimetr

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34

Prekob, Ádám, Mahitha Udayakumar, Gábor Karacs, et al. "Development of Highly Efficient, Glassy Carbon Foam Supported, Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051172.

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Glassy carbon foam (GCF) catalyst supports were synthesized from waste polyurethane elastomers by impregnating them in sucrose solution followed by pyrolysis and activation (AC) using N2 and CO2 gas. The palladium nanoparticles were formed from Pd(NO3)2. The formed palladium nanoparticles are highly dispersive because the mean diameters are 8.0 ± 4.3 (Pd/GCF), 7.6 ± 4.2 (Pd/GCF-AC1) and 4.4 ± 1.6 nm (Pd/GCF-AC2). Oxidative post-treatment by CO2 of the supports resulted in the formation of hydroxyl groups on the GCF surfaces, leading to a decrease in zeta potential. The decreased zeta potential

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35

Nawawi, Deded Sarip, Wasrin Syafii, Takuya Akiyama, and Yuji Matsumoto. "Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L." Holzforschung 70, no. 7 (2016): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0107.

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Abstract Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower s

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36

Farooqi, Zahoor H., Khalida Naseem, Aysha Ijaz, and Robina Begum. "Engineering of silver nanoparticle fabricated poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels for rapid catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 1 (2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0082.

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Abstract Three different poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [p(NIPAM-AA)] microgel samples were prepared using a precipitation polymerization method by varying the concentration of NIPAM and AA in aqueous medium. The microgels were used as microreactors to fabricate Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by in situ a reduction method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the pure and hybrid microgels. The hybrid microgels with different AA content were used as catalysts for reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) into aniline. The progress of the reaction was

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Sun, Jingyi, Zhonglin Chen, Shan Liu, et al. "Catalytic Efficiency of Carbon-Cementitious Microfiltration Membrane on the Ozonation-Based Oxidation of Small Molecule Organic Compounds and Its Alkaline Buffering Effect in Aqueous Solution." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080601.

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In this study, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was added to replace the silica in a cementitious microfiltration membrane (CM) to solve the problems of the low mechanical strength and short lifetime of CMs. The carbon-cementitious microfiltration membrane (CCM) was fabricated by the dry pressing method and cured at room temperature. The bending strength of CCM was 12.69 MPa, which was about three times more than that of CM. The average pore size was 0.129 μm, and was reduced by about 80% compared to that of CM. The addition of PAC did not reduce the degradation efficiency of membrane catalytic

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Salman, Husam Hamza, Munther Abduljaleel Mohammed Ali, and Eman Tariq Ali. "Synthesis and screening of anticancer potentials of some new terephthaldehyde-derived nitrone compounds." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 2 (2020): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.17.

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Purpose: To synthesize and screen some new nitrone compounds derived from terephthaldehyde for their anticancer potential. Methods: Six new compounds (H, p-Me,p-Br, p-Cl, o-Cl and m-Me) were synthesized via a condensation reaction between terephthaldehyde and a variety of aryl hydroxylamine compounds derived from nitrobenzene and its derivatives. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified using elemental CHN analysis and were elucidated using Fourier Transform infra-red (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis. The an

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Cai, Ke Ying, Yu Sheng Liu, Ming Song, Ying Mei Zhou, Qing Liu, and Xiao Hui Wang. "Preparation of FeO(OH) Modified with Polyethylene Glycol and Its Catalytic Activity on the Reduction of Nitrobenzene with Hydrazine Hydrate." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 11, no. 3 (2016): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.576.363-368.

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<p>Iron oxyhydroxide was prepared by dropping ammonia water to Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.9H<sub>2</sub>O dispersed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser particle size analyzer. The results showed the catalyst modified with polyethylene glycol was amorphous. The addition of PEG during the preparation make the particle size of the catalyst was smaller and more uniform. The catalytic performance was tested in the reduction of nitroarenes to corr

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Grimsrud, Eric P., Swapan Chowdhury, and Paul Kebarle. "Gas-Phase reactions of NO2− with nitrobenzenes and quinones. Electron transfer, clusters and formation of phenoxide and quinoxide negative ions. Use of NO2 as a negative ion chemical ionization reagent." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 68, no. 1-2 (1986): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)87068-9.

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Partenie, Octavian, Vincent van der Last, Costin Sorin Bildea, and Pietro Altimari. "Design and Control of Integrated Styrene-Aniline Production Plant." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 4, no. 5 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1934-2659.1406.

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This paper illustrates the operational difficulties arising from simultaneously performing exothermic and endothermic reactions, and demonstrates that a plant can be built and safely operated by integrating the design and plantwide control issues. The behaviour of reactor separation recycle systems carrying the coupled reactions A ?P + Q (endo) and B + Q ? R (exo) is investigated. Irrespective of the control structure, state multiplicity cannot be removed if the intermediate component Q is recycled. Therefore, the chemical reactor should be designed such that the recycle of Q can be avoide

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Tian, Shubo, Bingxue Wang, Wanbing Gong, et al. "Dual-atom Pt heterogeneous catalyst with excellent catalytic performances for the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23517-x.

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AbstractAtomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency are ideal heterogeneous catalytic materials. Designing such type of catalysts, however, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, using a wet-chemical method, we successfully achieved a mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) supported dual-atom Pt2 catalyst, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. The conversion of ˃99% is significantly superior to the corresponding values of mpg-C3N4-supported s

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Yamamoto, Daigo, Jumpei Maeno, Yuki Manabe, Yasunao Okamoto, Erika Nawa-Okita, and Akihisa Shioi. "Mode Bifurcation on Contact Line Dynamics at Oil/Water Interface Depending on the Contact Line Length." Frontiers in Chemistry 9 (July 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.708633.

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The motion of the contact line at the oil/water interface caused by chemical reactions is well known as a typical example of artificial active matter in the field of nonlinear science. When water (containing trimethylstearylammonium chloride) and nitrobenzene (containing iodide anion) phases are in contact, the regulated traveling-wave patterns appear along the inner wall of the glass container. In this study, we demonstrate a new dynamical mode of the contact line, an up-and-down motion, which becomes dominant with the decrease in the size of a glass tube, and the probability of occurrence is

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Venica, Albert D., Chen-Loung Chen, and Josef S. Gratzl. "Soda-AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 2: Further degradation of initially dissolved lignins." Holzforschung 62, no. 6 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2008.119.

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Abstract Degraded lignin fragments dissolved in pulping liquor during the soda AQ pulping of poplar (Populus deltoides) wood with a flow through reactor were divided in two fractions. The first one (LF-1) was collected during the heating-up period (100°C until the final temperature t max=170°C); the second one (LF-2) was collected at t max with 60 min cooking time. These two liquors were then treated at 170°C for 70 min (leading to a liquor LF-1A) and 10 min (leading to a liquor LF-2A). By these post-treatments, pulping liquors of batch pulpings were simulated. From the four liquors, lignins w

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Liu, Jianan, Yanan Wang, Shuwen Gong, Wenzeng Duan, and Xianqiang Huang. "Liquid Phase Nitration of Benzene Catalyzed by a Novel Salt of Molybdovanadophosphoric Heteropolyacid." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210029.

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A highly efficient and reusable catalyst QA-HPMV was successfully prepared by the reaction of quinoline-2-formic acid (QA) with molybdovanadophosphoric heteropolyacid (H4PMo11VO40, HPMV) for the nitration of benzene. The physical and chemical properties of the sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The characterization results showed that the formed QA-HPMV retained the Keggin structure of HPMV. As a catalyst for benzene nitration, QA-HPMV showed good catalytic performance and the

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Wu, Cheng-Qiang, Dan-Ting Fu, and Xiao Chen. "Nitrobenzene degradation by micro-sized iron and electron efficiency evaluation." Chemical Papers 68, no. 10 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0573-3.

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AbstractThe effect of pH, temperature, zero-valent iron (ZVI) dosage and reaction duration on nitrobenzene (NB) degradation by micro-sized ZVI was investigated in batch experiments and the electron efficiency (EE) was evaluated at constant pH. The experimental results showed that the reaction rate constant attained 0.616 min−1, which was far higher than reported in previous studies. The decrease in pH and increase in temperature of the reaction bath promoted the reaction kinetics. ZVI dosage and reaction duration were two key factors affecting NB reduction and EE. A lower ZVI dosage and a slig

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Cao, Meng, Hua-You Hu, Hu-Cheng Zhao, et al. "A facile synthetic route for antineoplastic drug GDC-0449." Chemical Papers 68, no. 10 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0581-3.

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AbstractIn the current study a facile synthetic route for preparing antineoplastic drug GDC-0449 is investigated. Starting with pyridine-1-oxide and 1-iodo-3-nitrobenzene, the intermediate product 2-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl) pyridine was prepared by cross-coupling, deoxidation and halogenation. The final compound was then synthesised by reduction of the nitro group followed by amidation. This synthetic route avoids the use of unstable organometallic or organic boride compounds; it employs relatively inexpensive and bench-stable reagents, involves readily controllable reaction conditions, and ac

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Gao, Yi-Zhou, Xiao-Yang Liu, Hong Liu, Yuan Guo, and Ning-Yi Zhou. "A Bph-Like Nitroarene Dioxygenase Catalyzes the Conversion of 3-Nitrotoluene to 3-Methylcatechol by Rhodococcus sp. Strain ZWL3NT." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02517-19.

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ABSTRACT All nitroarene dioxygenases reported so far originated from Nag-like naphthalene dioxygenase of Gram-negative strains, belonging to group III of aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs). Gram-positive Rhodococcus sp. strain ZWL3NT utilizes 3-nitrotoluene (3NT) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for growth. It was also reported that 3NT degradation was constitutive and the intermediate was 3-methylcatechol. In this study, a gene cluster (bndA1A2A3A4) encoding a multicomponent dioxygenase, belonging to group IV of RHOs, was identified. Recombinant Rhodococcus imtech

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Geus, John W., A. J. Van Dillen, and Marco S. Hoogenraad. "Carbon Fibrils Mechanism of Growth and Utilization as a Catalyst Support." MRS Proceedings 368 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-368-87.

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ABSTRACTEspecially with the production of fine chemicals catalytic reactions are being performed in which solid catalysts suspended in liquids are used. Carbon is stable in both acid and alkaline liquids and is not preferentially wetted by water. Carbon is therefore an attractive support for catalysts to be used in liquid-phase reactions. The relatively low diffusion coefficients in liquids call for catalyst bodies having wide pores and dimensions between 1 and 10 μm. Since particles smaller than 1 μm cannot be readily separated from liquids, attrition of carbon support bodies must be avoided.

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