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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-tariff barriers to trade'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Nogueira, Lia. "Non-tariff barriers and technology trade and welfare implications /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/l_nogueira_072308.pdf.

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2

Moenius, Johannes. "Three essays on trade barriers and trade volumes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975892.

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3

Magana, Lemus David. "A quantitative analysis of the effects of tariff and non-tariff barriers on U.S. - Mexico poultry trade." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2509.

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Since the inception of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, tariff restriction to U.S. poultry products entering the Mexican market has decreased significantly. While poultry trade from the U.S. to Mexico has increased considerably, Mexican chicken exports to the U.S. face a sanitary restriction. This concerns chicken producers in Mexico. Consequently, the Mexican government negotiated with the U.S. government an extension, from 2003 to 2008, of the tariff rate quota (TRQ) on U.S. chicken leg quarters entering the Mexican market. The purpose of this study was to estimate th

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4

Lynham, Mark B. "Nontariff Trade Barriers in the Beef Industry." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310779.

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5

Hejazi, Mina. "Three Essays on Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade and U.S. Market Access to China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87399.

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International trade encourages innovation, boosts development, reduces poverty, creates new markets, enhances competitiveness, improves product quality, and expands the consumer choice set. This dissertation is composed of three papers examining barriers to agricultural trade. The first two papers examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade while the third paper investigates China's domestic agricultural and international trade policies in order to promote U.S. market access in China. The first paper investigates how trade liberalization expands the range of

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6

MathaÌˆ, Thomas Yngve. "European integration, trade structure, and Swedish multinationals." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323213.

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7

Mushonga, Master. "An evaluation of the regulation of non-tariff barriers to trade in SADC free trade area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96171.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>The adoption of the Southern African Development Community’s Protocol on Trade in 2000 by member states which was aimed at creating an effective free intra-trade environment, had failed to reduce trade barriers which are threatening to reverse the gains made from tariff liberalization.. The protectionism in the form of non-tariff barriers constitutes the biggest factor affecting intra-trade in the region. The new economic environment which was expected to emerge with the adoption of the Trade Protocol over a decade ago has not taken place. Some o

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8

Nelson, Christopher. "Tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in the beef, dairy & wheat industry in Japan, Taiwan & Thailand between 1974 & 1994 /." Connect to thesis, 1995. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000902.

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9

Kiiza, Moses Gatama. "The case for international standards and agricultural free trade /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80933.

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The sharp decline of tariff trade barriers has been one of the achievements of the world trading system. However, the reduction in tariffs has exposed the many non-tariff barriers that remain. As tariffs continue to fall, there seems to be a corresponding reliance on SPS measures as a source of protection for domestic producers. This underscores the need for a legal framework that can address the fundamental issue of whether a measure validly exists to protect consumers or is merely a 'sham' to protect domestic producers. This thesis argues that the protectionist use of SPS measures und

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10

Chimeri, Vongai. "The WTO agreement on technical barriers to trade : a critical appraisal of its implementation within the Southern African Development Community." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2855.

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The World Trade Organisation Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) was crafted with the aim of ensuring that technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedure do not constitute unnecessary obstacles to international trade. Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries have since ratified this Agreement and took a step further to incorporate its principles into the Technical Barriers to Trade Annex to the SADC Protocol on Trade. Despite this effort, SADC countries are still grappling with implementing the TBT Agreement in their domestic frameworks

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11

Engelbert, Tanja [Verfasser], and Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockmeier. "Assessment of non-tariff barriers in food and agricultural trade : an empirical approach / Tanja Engelbert. Betreuer: Martina Brockmeier." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077818807/34.

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12

Iyengar, Gopal S. "Procurement and strategy in manufacturing firms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2972.

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The strategic role of the Procurement function in manufacturing firms has received increased attention in the literature over the past two decades. Before the 1970s, the supply environment was seen to be stable for most firms, with no particular strategic opportunities or threats. Procurement was treated as an administrative or service function. The oil crisis in the early 1970s changed the situation, bringing in its wake acute inflation and material shortages. The 1980s saw a revolution in manufacturing with the advent of JIT, increased automation and global operations. Theoretical researcher

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13

Dal, Bianco Andrea. "I fattori determinanti dell'export di vino secondo il modello gravitazionale: un'applicazione alle principali destinazioni mondiali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422639.

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International wine trade has gained a great importance during years, specially for our country, and there’s a raising interest in the study of its structure, functioning and the forces that govern it. In this work international wine export has been studied with a gravity model - an econometrical model with an increasing importance and acceptance among scientist - for the explication of transactional phenomenal. The study concerned bilateral trade of twelve of the main wine markets, both importers and exporters, from 1997 until 2010, utilizing a proper panel data for still and sparkling wine.

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14

Chan, Tak-him. "From international regulation to green production : continuous challenges to our textile and clothing industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17956791.

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15

Otradovsky, Miranda. "Liberalizing non-tariff barriers : a comparative study of the 1948-58 intra-European trade liberalization and negotiations in the Uruguay round /." Genève : M. Otradovsky, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35586046b.

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16

Sandkamp, Alexander-Nikolai [Verfasser], and Gabriel [Akademischer Betreuer] Felbermayr. "The trade effects of anti-dumping duties, non-tariff barriers and maritime security : gravity applications / Alexander-Nikolai Sandkamp ; Betreuer: Gabriel Felbermayr." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177681986/34.

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17

Harrod, Pamela A. "The general agreement on tariffs and trade and non-tariff barriers impact on international law and on trade in general and on import and export trade in Canada in particular." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5598.

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18

Bektasoglu, Beyhan [Verfasser], and Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockmeier. "Assessing the impact of data disaggregation level and non-tariff barriers in regional trade agreements utilizing the Global Trade Analysis Project Framework / Beyhan Bektasoglu. Betreuer: Martina Brockmeier." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075249384/34.

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19

Vránková, Jana. "Dopady protekcionismu v současné krizi: případová studie NAFTA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113628.

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Tendecies to protectionism appeared in all crisis so far. The current one is no exception. Used protecting tools are the characteristics what differentiate them. The most used tools are non-tarrif measures, especially technical. Governments also applied stimulus packages which often included buy-national type of activities. The thesis concetrates on the roots of the changed pattern in the global economy. It investigates the influence of WTO, which liberalizes the world trade on the multilateral basis. On the other hand, the thesis focuses on regionalism and regional integrations, that liberali

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20

Tidjani, Serpos Abdelaziz. "Specific Tariff versus Ad valorem Tariff : choice of a Policy Instrument In Agricultural Trade Negotiations." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29818/29818.pdf.

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La conversion des tarifs spécifiques en leur équivalent ad valorem est un sujet d’actualité en ce sens qu’elle fait partie des priorités dans les discussions des membres de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC). Peut-on mieux comprendre et anticiper les choix de tarifs par les pays dans un contexte de négociation commerciale? Le présent mémoire se propose d’apporter une réponse à cette question. Nous avons utilisé un modèle à deux étapes. La première consiste au choix du type de tarif par les pays. La deuxième, quant à elle, est la phase de négociation. Le modèle est composé de deux pays e

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21

Abdullah, Adel. "Political and economic integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council 1981 including a survey of the problem of non tariff barriers applying to the important plastic and chemical industries." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309092.

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22

Kenney, Samuel. "Temporary trade barrier implementation and market power: evidence from Latin American economies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32799.

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Master of Arts<br>Department of Economics<br>Peri da Silva<br>This paper examines temporary trade barrier (TTB) implementation by 13 Latin American economies on a bilateral basis from 2000-2009 considering market power and import shocks. Additionally, we augment our analysis by including the effect of the presence or absence of tariff water on TTB implementation. We find evidence that market power and tariff water play an integral role in TTB implementation while import shocks do not. Using a probit model we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in market power and the absence of tar

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23

Traore, Ousmane Z. "Three essays on technical non-tariff measures in developed countries and African countries' international trade in agricultural products." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68840.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les implications économiques des mesures techniques non tarifaires (MTNT) en vigueur dans les pays développés sur le commerce international de produits agroalimentaires des pays Africains. De façon plus spécifique, elle s'intéresse à trois questions principales. La première, qui est plus générale, est de savoir quel est et qu'est-ce qui détermine l'effet net de l'ensemble des mesures techniques non tarifaires en vigueur dans les pays de l'OCDE sur les exportations Africaines de produits végétaux. La deuxième question, plus spécifique, cherche à savoir q

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24

Якущенко, Л. М. "Нетарифне регулювання міжнародної торгівлі". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12032.

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25

Cardoso, Menanes Chaves Barros. "Os impactos de barreiras não tarifárias no comércio internacional de produtos brasileiros." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13503.

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Submitted by Menanes Cardoso (menanes@gmail.com) on 2015-03-10T12:16:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_Dissertacao_MPE_MenanesCardoso_v3.3_Final.pdf: 287251 bytes, checksum: a19c5bc3454eedb450648fb6e7d2e8ce (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-03-10T16:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_Dissertacao_MPE_MenanesCardoso_v3.3_Final.pdf: 287251 bytes, checksum: a19c5bc3454eedb450648fb6e7d2e8ce (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-10T16:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV_Dissertacao_MPE_MenanesCardoso_v3.3_Final.pdf: 28725

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26

Showers, Vince Eric. "The relative impacts of price/income and non-price/non-income trade barriers on agricultural trade : a case study of Japanese wheat imports /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487670346876214.

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27

GHODSI, MOHAMMAD MAHDI. "Barriere Tecniche al Commercio: Determinanti ed Implicazioni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6331.

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Quasi tutte le tariffe applicate al commercio internazionale sono vincolate dagli impegni sottoscritti dalle economie più avanzate ed ulteriori misure, volte ad aumentare il livello di protezione, non dovrebbero poter essere, di norma, utilizzate. Tuttavia, l’introduzione di un crescente numero di barriere non tariffarie (BNT) ha recentemente favorito il proliferare di dispute e conflitti commerciali fra gli Stati. Il regolamento dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC) considera legittime le motivazioni che sono alla base di alcune di queste misure non tariffarie quali quelle a tutela

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28

GHODSI, MOHAMMAD MAHDI. "Barriere Tecniche al Commercio: Determinanti ed Implicazioni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6331.

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Quasi tutte le tariffe applicate al commercio internazionale sono vincolate dagli impegni sottoscritti dalle economie più avanzate ed ulteriori misure, volte ad aumentare il livello di protezione, non dovrebbero poter essere, di norma, utilizzate. Tuttavia, l’introduzione di un crescente numero di barriere non tariffarie (BNT) ha recentemente favorito il proliferare di dispute e conflitti commerciali fra gli Stati. Il regolamento dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC) considera legittime le motivazioni che sono alla base di alcune di queste misure non tariffarie quali quelle a tutela

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29

Chan, Tak-him, and 陳德謙. "From international regulation to green production: continuous challenges to our textile and clothingindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893648.

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30

Gerken, Anika. "Rechtsschutzmöglichkeiten europäischer Wirtschaftsteilnehmer gegen GATT-widrige Wirtschaftshemmnisse /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/380098806.pdf.

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31

Keun, Iris-Carola. "Mitgliedstaatliche Handlungspflichten bei Beeinträchtigungen des freien Warenverkehrs durch Private /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/516150251.pdf.

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32

Andrade, Rafael Leite Pinto de. "Conseq??ncias Positivas das Barreiras N?o-Tarif?rias no Com?rcio Internacional de Produtos do Agroneg?cio: O Caso da Cadeia da Carne Bovina." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/692.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Rafael Leite Pinto de Andrade.pdf: 2052684 bytes, checksum: 572c21efa815c459377bf79668a2251e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14<br>The proposal of the thesis was to identify and analyze the most important positive consequences, stemming from the efforts of brazilian export companies of products related to agribusiness, to overcome the non-tariff barriers imposed by the companies and / or importing countries. These consequences are little explored in discussions and can be considered as external to the proce

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33

Silva, Nathalia Galera. "Regulação ambiental dos países no âmbito da OMC: uma ilustração para o etanol brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07022012-092416/.

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Durante a década de 80 os movimentos ambientais começaram a se intensificar e os governos tiveram que incorporar novos instrumentos de política na busca de um crescimento econômico combinado com a conservação e preservação do meio ambiente. A sociedade passou a demandar produtos ambientalmente saudáveis e os setores da economia sofreram pressão para mudar seus métodos e processos tradicionais de produção para se adequar a essa nova demanda. Dessas exigências da sociedade, decorrem mudanças na legislação ambiental e em legislações correlacionadas, com foco na regulação da produção e comercializ

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34

Bondarczuk, Eduardo Henrique. "Funções do Comitê Sanitário e Fitossanitário da Organização Mundial do Comércio : o comitê como foro harmonizador e solucionador de conflitos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134405.

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Após a criação do Acordo Geral Sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio (GATT) em 1947, as barreiras não tarifárias passaram a ser o principal instrumento utilizado pelos países para a proteção do mercado nacional. Os países que buscavam a liberalização do comércio internacional passaram, então, a buscar soluções a fim de conter tais barreiras. Havia uma dificuldade em identificar quando uma medida que restringia o comércio internacional era uma proteção disfarçada ao comércio de quando ela perseguia fins legítimos como a proteção da saúde humana e animal. Com o advento da Organização Mundial do Com

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35

Mkimer-Bengeloune, Laïla. "Modélisation des barrières non tarifaires et leur impact sur les échanges internationaux : une application aux pays méditerranéens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL2004.

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La doctrine du libre-échange a favorisé la création d’un cadre multilatéral en 1947 avec l’accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) puis avec l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) en 1995. Les négociations commerciales multilatérales sous l’égide du GATT puis de l’OMC, aboutissent à une réduction considérable des droits de douane au niveau mondial. Or, devant la diminution progressive des droits de douane, un fort accroissement des barrières dites non tarifaires (BNT) apparaît.En effet, l’expansion du commerce international et l’extension des règles commerciales multil

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36

Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvao de. "Quantificação dos efeitos das barreiras não-tarifárias sobre as exportações brasileiras de carne bovina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-12042004-145332/.

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Este estudo teve como meta propor uma metodologia que permitisse avaliar, quantitativamente, os impactos de barreiras não-tarifárias (BNTs), em especial as técnicas e sanitárias, sobre os volumes e preços das vendas externas de carne bovina brasileira. O período de análise compreendeu desde o mês de janeiro de 1992 a dezembro de 2000, tendo-se considerado dois mercados especificamente: o dos cortes especiais de traseiro e dianteiro destinados à União Européia e o do corned beef para os EUA. Os dados básicos utilizados foram cedidos pela Associação Brasileira de Indústrias Exportadoras d

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37

Agbahey, Johanes Uriel Ibidjola. "Barriers to trade and labour mobility in conflict-affected regions: an economy-wide analysis with applications to the Palestinian economy." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19601.

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Der Austausch von Waren, Dienstleistungen und Arbeitskräften wird im Falle von politischen Konflikten gestört. Im Palästinensisch-Israelischen Konflikt macht die Machtasymmetrie die palästinensische Wirtschaft abhängig von Israels Politik. Obwohl dieser Konflikt wegen seiner Gewalt und seinen politischen Entwicklungen in den Medien viel beachtet wird, wurden politische Optionen in den Bereichen Handel und Arbeitsmärkte und deren Auswirkungen auf die palästinensische Ökonomie bislang wenig untersucht und bewertet. Dies ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die sich auf die Ökonomie des Westjor

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38

Dogan, Dilek. "Les enjeux du concept d'origine en droit international et communautaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911672.

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L'élaboration et l'application de règles d'origine sont devenues plus problématiques face aux réalités de la mondialisation, car les matières premières ou les composantes peuvent venir d'un certain nombre de pays, mais les douaniers doivent déterminer l'origine du produit aux fins de traitement, parmi lesquelles le droit de douane à appliquer, à partir du moment où le produit entre dans sa juridiction. Traditionnellement, l'origine des marchandises faisant l'objet d'échanges internationaux a été considéré comme l'un des instruments de l'administration des douanes, mais l'évolution du commerce

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39

Bastos, Marlene Elizabete Lourenço. "Economic partnership agreements: a pro-development tool?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1356.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional<br>Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) put an end to the preferential non-reciprocal commercial treatment from the European Union (EU) to African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, in force since 1975 and until December 2007 (the deadline for EPAs deals). Negotiations are being challenging as only a small number of countries have closed full EPAs with EU by now, on the grounds that EPAs are missing their development goal. This dissertation intends to analyse EPAs negotiation round, evaluate to which extend the agreements are deliver

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40

Faye, Ibra. "L'union européenne et les obtacles non tarifaires : analyse de la pratique conventionnelle européenne à l'aune du droit de l'OMC." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD014.

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La baisse généralisée des tarifs douaniers, combinée au développement fulgurant du mouvement delibéralisation à l’échelle mondiale, a entraîné un foisonnement extraordinaire des obstacles nontarifaires. Cette tendance s’explique par la volonté des Etats souverains de limiter l’emprise du libreéchangesur leurs politiques publiques. Ils pratiquent, par le truchement des obstacles non tarifaires, unprotectionnisme qui, au demeurant, est doublement appréhendé. Dans un sens, ce protectionnisme estéconomique. Il vise à protéger les opérateurs économiques nationaux de la concurrence étrangère, leuras

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41

Mkimer-Bengeloune, Laïla. "Modélisation des barrières non tarifaires et leur impact sur les échanges internationaux : une application aux pays méditerranéens." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004671.

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La doctrine du libre-échange a favorisé la création d'un cadre multilatéral en 1947 avec l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) puis avec l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) en 1995. Les négociations commerciales multilatérales sous l'égide du GATT puis de l'OMC, aboutissent à une réduction considérable des droits de douane au niveau mondial. Or, devant la diminution progressive des droits de douane, un fort accroissement des barrières dites non tarifaires (BNT) apparaît.En effet, l'expansion du commerce international et l'extension des règles commerciales multil

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42

Ogbonna, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu. "A legal analysis of the application of Articles I and III of the GATT 1994 on the economic development of ECOWAS member states." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7253.

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This dissertation examines the tension inherent in the relationship between the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as Member States Parties of the GATT/WTO and the GATT/WTO regime. It focuses specifically on the tension triggered off by the requirements of Article I – the Most-Favoured-Nation principle (MFN) and Article III – the National Treatment principle (NT) GATT 1994. It shows that while the non-discrimination principles are meant to promote trade liberalisation and economic growth, they produce the opposite effect in developing and least developed countries like ECOWAS a

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Herghelegiu, Cristina. "Essays on international trade and non-tariff measures." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E021.

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Cette thèse analyse les mesures non-tarifaires et les barrières au commerce et leurs liens avec les échanges internationaux. Dans le chapitre 1, j’étudie les objectifs derrière l’implémentation des mesures non-tarifaires sur différents produits dans plusieurs pays en développement. Au-delà des objectifs légitimes, plusieurs mesures répondent à des objectifs économiques et politiques. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse théorique et empirique du rôle des normes de qualité sur les entreprises hétérogènes et la qualité moyenne des produits exportés. Conjointement avec Anne-Célia Disdier et Carl Gai

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Kalaba, Mmatlou W. "The impact of non-tariff measures on SADC agricultural trade." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43366.

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Fifteen countries which are members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have embarked on a regional integration initiative. In 1996, a trade protocol that aimed to increase trade among members by removing trade barriers was signed. In the year 2000, this protocol was implemented, leading to a Free Trade Area (FTA) in 2008. More than 85 % of SADC trade was free of customs duties from 2008 onwards. However, while custom tariffs were reduced, the share of SADC trade did not show any improvement over the tenyear period after implementing the trade protocol. Accordingly, the

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Leite, Filho Arceste. "A política comercial brasileira e as barreiras impostas às exportações de carne de frango: uma aplicação do método MicMac." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2231.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arceste Leite Filho.pdf: 2709219 bytes, checksum: fdf419281a7cc9a6e47521673cac7bd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13<br>The main objective of this paper was to analyze tariff and non-tariff barriers on the international trade of chicken meat, and its possible impact on world trade. As secondary objectives, the main problems affecting the competitive capacity of the Brazilian poultry sector were analyzed, and afterwards the main barriers that impede poultry trade were analyzed. The survey of the secondary objecti

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Graziani, Serge. "La contribution au fonctionnement du marché intérieur des dispositifs d'aide au transport maritime." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020020.

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Initialement exclu des domaines couverts par le Traité de Rome, le transport maritime a fait l’objet en 1992 de mesures permettant l’accès des armateurs de l’Union à la libre prestation de service sur les lignes intérieures des États membres. Néanmoins, l’espace maritime européen n’a pas de consistance juridique : il n’est composé que de la juxtaposition des espaces reconnus par le droit international comme la mer territoriale de chaque État membre. Au-delà de cette limite, la mer est internationale. L’Union, au fil des élargissements, a perdu sa configuration continentale pour intégrer un nom

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LUARASI, MARSELA. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES AND TRADE FLOWS: THE CASE OF EU AGRI-FOOD STANDARDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/260421.

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Trade may increase or decrease by imposing food standards. Thus there is not yet a clear trend whether the standards promote or hinder trade. From political point of view, a standard is considered as trade protectionist tool, which in agricultural trade takes the form of the so-called non-tariff measure (NTMs) including the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), which is in the focus of this research work. The objective of this work is to quantify the protectionism of MRLs standards relative to the stringency of international standards of Codex Alimentarius and to give insights on the effects of Europ

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Fernandez, Maldonado Tincopa Valeria, and Sánchez Melissa Geraldy Reyes. "Impacto de las importaciones de petróleo en el marco del proceso de integración del Perú con la Comunidad Andina de Naciones durante los años 2000 al 2010." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653595.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las importaciones de petróleo en el marco del proceso de integración del Perú con la Comunidad Andina de Naciones durante el periodo 2000 - 2010. A lo largo del proceso, se identificó plantear como objetivos conocer el impacto del comercio multilateral entre Perú y la CAN enfocado en las importaciones de petróleo; así como la influencia de las barreras arancelarias y para arancelarias como: las medidas de defensa comercial y los obstáculos técnicos. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación fue de diseño mixto a través de

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Fink, Gerhard. "New protectionism in Central Europe. Exchange rate adjustment, customs tariffs and non-tariff measures." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/970/1/document.pdf.

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Many of the 10 Central European candidate member countries for EU accession entered into the transition period with strongly undervalued exchange rates to stimulate exports and protect domestic industries. However, this policy was not maintained. During 1993-1995 real currency appreciation increased competitive pressure by foreign firms. To protect domestic firms governments applied high third country tariffs, temporary import taxes, and numerous administrative barriers to trade. As countervailing pressure by the EU and the USA increased and current account deficits soared in 1996 and 1997, th

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Phaswana, Pfarelo Edwin. "The impact of non-tariff measures on meat trade between Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Zambia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65940.

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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) displayed notable success in pushing for trade liberalisation through tariff reductions. This was achieved following the signing of the SADC protocol on trade in 1996. The implementation of the protocol commenced in 2000. About 85 % of intra-SADC trade was free of duty in 2008 and the Southern African Development Community Free Trade Area (SADC-FTA) was launched. Maximum tariff reductions were achieved in 2012. The main aim for SADC tariff reductions under the trade protocol was to improve intra-SADC trade. However, this is not what happened, s

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