Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-Unified language

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Unified language'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 April 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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O'Rourke, Bernadette, and Fernando F. Ramallo. "The native-non-native dichotomy in minority language contexts." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 2 (2011): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.2.03oro.

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In minority language contexts, the aim of language policy and planning initiatives is frequently to enhance their survival prospects by increasing individuals’ knowledge and use of such languages in a variety of social contexts. The success of such policies depends on a variety of factors. These include the ability of policy to encourage maintenance of the language amongst existing speakers (the so-called ‘native’ speakers of the language) and its revival amongst individuals in the community who no longer speak it and who have become ‘native’ speakers of another language, typically, the domina
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Shores, Patty, Christiane Hohenstein, and Joerg Keller. "Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration on Swiss German Sign Language (DSGS) interpreter training in Switzerland." International Journal for Translation & Interpreting Research, 2014 6, no. 1 (2014): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1979.

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Teaching, training, and assessment for sign language interpreters in Swiss German sign language (DSGS) developments since 1985 have resulted in the current Bachelor level at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Special Needs Education (HfH). More recently, co-teaching with Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Applied Linguistics (ZHAW) non-deaf linguists in linguistics and intercultural competence training has led to Deaf and non-deaf research collaboration. At present, there are considerable skills gaps in student proficiency in DSGS- interpreting. Standards that evaluate st
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Dronjic, Vedran. "Serbo-Croatian." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 1 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.1.01dro.

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Utilizing Kloss’s concept of Ausbausprache (language as a sociopolitical construct), this article adopts the view that many languages in the world owe their language status to non-linguistic factors such as their speakers’ ethnic, cultural, and political affiliations, as well as language policy. It is thus possible that individuals who can readily understand each other in everyday conversation (such as two individuals living on either side of the Macedonian/Bulgarian border) can be deemed to speak different languages, while those who cannot understand each other at all (such as speakers of Sha
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Wan, Xue, Wensheng Zhang, Mengxing Huang, Siling Feng, and Yuanyuan Wu. "A Unified Approach to Nested and Non-Nested Slots for Spoken Language Understanding." Electronics 12, no. 7 (2023): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071748.

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As chatbots become more popular, multi-intent spoken language understanding (SLU) has received unprecedented attention. Multi-intent SLU, which primarily comprises the two subtasks of multiple intent detection (ID) and slot filling (SF), has the potential for widespread implementation. The two primary issues with the current approaches are as follows: (1) They cannot solve the problem of slot nesting; (2) The performance and inference rate of the model are not high enough. To address these issues, we suggest a multi-intent joint model based on global pointers to handle nested and non-nested sl
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O’Keeffe, Isabel, Ruth Singer, and Carolyn Coleman. "The expression of emotions in Kunbarlang and its neighbours in the multilingual context of western and central Arnhem Land." Pragmatics and Cognition 27, no. 1 (2020): 83–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00012.kee.

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Abstract This paper explores how emotions are expressed in the endangered Gunwinyguan language Kunbarlang and compares these expressions to those in the neighbouring Gunwinyguan language Bininj Kunwok, and neighbouring languages from other language families, Mawng (Iwaidjan) and Ndjébbana (Maningridan). As well as considering body-based emotion expressions and the tropes (metaphors and metonymies) they instantiate, we consider the range of other (non-body-based) expressions and tropes available in each language. These provide an important point of comparison with the body-part expressions, whi
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Chen, Mo, Fengyang Ma, Zhaoqi Zhang, et al. "Language switching training modulates the neural network of non-linguistic cognitive control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0247100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247100.

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Bilingual language experience, such as switching between languages, has been shown to shape both cognitive and neural mechanisms of non-linguistic cognitive control. However, the neural adaptations induced by language switching remain unclear. Using fMRI, the current study examined the impact of short-term language switching training on the neural network of domain-general cognitive control for unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals. Effective connectivity maps were constructed by using the extended unified structural equation models (euSEM) within 10 common brain regions involved in both langu
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Amundadottir, ML, SW Lockley, and M. Andersen. "Unified framework to evaluate non-visual spectral effectiveness of light for human health." Lighting Research & Technology 49, no. 6 (2016): 673–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516655844.

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The discovery of a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor in the mammalian eye that mediates a range of ‘non-visual’ responses to light has required reexamination of how lighting needs for human health are characterised and evaluated. Existing literature provides useful information about how to quantify non-visual spectral sensitivities to light but the optimal approach is far from decided. As more is learned about the underlying biology, new approaches will continue to be published. What is currently lacking is a flexible framework to describe the non-visual spectral effectiveness of light usi
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Gimasheva, Kseniya, Ekaterina Gladkikh, and S. I. Chuprina. "An Ontology-Driven Methods Unified Application in Text Data Processing Problems." Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, no. 3(58) (2022): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2022-3-49-58.

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Unified application issues of ontological engineering methods and tools for text data processing automation in 2 problems classes solving are considered. The first class is the relational database applications construction automation based on the necessary facts extracting directly from unstructured text documents collections in natural language. The second class is the text data processing automation in artificial languages in the program code verifying process for database applications. The information systems designing and developing problems, same as program code verifying problems, are co
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Rezaie, Naghmeh, and Mohammad Ali Taheri. "The Word’s Unity of Existence." Scientific Journal of Cosmointel 2, TA1 (2023): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.61450/joci.v2ita1.153.

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Linguists do not agree on the origin of human language or the reasons for the human species’ unique possession of language faculty on the path of evolution. Any theoretical approach in cognitive science and linguistics eventually faces an impasse in its quest for the origin of language when reaching the realm of consciousness and mind which requires an accessibility beyond the physical inquiry. This article introduces Mohammad Ali Taheri’s theory of consciousness, T-Consciousness, as the gateway to the origin of language in the human mind. T-Consciousness stands for the non-material and non-en
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Przigoda, Nils, Robert Wille, and Rolf Drechsler. "Analyzing Inconsistencies in UML/OCL Models." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 03 (2015): 1640021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616400211.

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Modeling languages such as the unified modeling language (UML) or the systems modeling language (SysML) in combination with constraint languages such as the object constraint language (OCL) allows for an abstract description of a system prior to its implementation. But the resulting system models can be highly non-trivial and, hence, errors in the descriptions can easily arise. In particular, too strong restrictions leading to an inconsistent model are common. Motivated by this, researchers and engineers developed methods for the validation and verification of given formal models. However, whi
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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Ali, Hussein Nigar. "Usages et représentations de la langue kurde au Grand Kurdistan : Enquêtes sociolinguistiques auprès des Kurdes de Turquie, d’Iran, d’Irak et de Syrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MON30028.

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Cette étude, basée sur des enquêtes sociolinguistiques menées auprès des Kurdes des quatre pays constituant le Grand Kurdistan (Turquie, Iran, Irak et Syrie), tend à exposer la complexité de la situation actuelle des communautés linguistiques kurdes. Elle cherche également à comprendre les aspirations des Kurdes par rapport à leur langue. Un ensemble de phénomènes sociolinguistiques sont observés et analysés, tels que : les compétences et pratiques linguistiques, les statuts et fonctions des langues, les attitudes et représentations sociolinguistiques, l’insécurité linguistique, la loyauté lin
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Runyan, Joshua David. "A comparison of academic success in high school Spanish One classes between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic surname students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2061.

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This study attemps to discover whether there is a difference in the academic performance of Spanish surname students in high school Spanish 1 language classrooms over their non-Spanish surname counterparts.
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Books on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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Cohen, Ted. Metaphor. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0020.

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Metaphor is one of a variety of uses of language in which what is communicated is not what the words mean literally. It is, therefore, so to speak, a way of speaking of something by talking about something else. Thus, one has said (or written) X and thereby communicated Y. This characteristic of ‘indirectness’ is not alone sufficient to distinguish metaphors from other non-standard uses of language, but there is also a question as to whether metaphors in general are sufficiently similar to one another to permit a single, unified description of them. On one hand, metaphor has been a feature of
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Ben-Haim, Yakov. Uncertainty, Ignorance, Surprise—The Endless Frontier. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822233.003.0003.

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Some things happen by chance. Chance has diverse interpretations, but probability theory is relevant if there is some regularity of events. Probability also has limitations, especially when considering very rare events that we can only vaguely imagine. There are endless unknown possibilities, and the totality of rare events is massive. Hence it is hard to estimate probabilities of events that are individually rare but collectively not so rare. The rareness illusion is the impression of rareness arising from ignorance of the unknown. The rareness illusion results from our inability to assess pr
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Khoo, Justin. The Meaning of If. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190096700.001.0001.

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Conditional sentences remain a puzzling source of philosophical speculation in large part because there seems to be nothing they could possibly mean that would vindicate the roles they play in language and thought. Bringing together work from philosophy and linguistics, Justin Khoo articulates a theory of what conditionals mean that captures their varied and complex behavior. According to the theory, conditionals form a unified class of expressions that share a common semantic core that encodes inferential dispositions. Thus, rather than represent the world, conditionals are devices used to co
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Lehmann, Robert, ed. Philosophische Dimensionen des Impersonalen. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507687.

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This volume presents, for the first time, an assemblage of contributions on the philosophical dimensions of the impersonal, the multiplicity of its linguistic, social, scientific, religious and artistic perspectives, as well as initial approaches to its unified definition. Linguistic and logical impersonality The “It" in K. Kraus “Impersonality” in the subject and in events The impersonal ontology of H. Rombach Levinas on the “Il y a” Organisation in non-egological consciousness The witness of consciousness in the Vedānta traditions Anonymous self-consciousness G. Deleuzes figures of the imper
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Zimmermann, Eva. Morphological Length and Prosodically Defective Morphemes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747321.001.0001.

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This book investigates the phenomenon of Morphological Length-Manipulation: processes of segment lengthening, shortening, deletion, and insertion that cannot be explained by phonological means but crucially rely on morpho-syntactic information. A unified theoretical account of these phenomena is presented and it is argued that Morphological Length-Manipulation is best analysed inside the framework termed ‘Prosodically Defective Morphemes’: if all possible Prosodically Defective Morpheme representations and their potential effects for the resulting surface structure are taken into account, inst
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Alqassas, Ahmad. A Unified Theory of Polarity Sensitivity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197554883.001.0001.

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This book examines polarity sensitivity—a ubiquitous phenomenon involving expressions such as anybody, nobody, ever, never, and somebody and their counterparts in other languages, with particular focus on Arabic. These expressions belong to different classes such as negative and positive polarity, negative concord, and negative indefinites, which led to examining their syntax and semantics separately. In this book, Ahmad Alqassas pursues a unified approach that relies on examining the interaction between the various types of polarity sensitivity. Treating this interaction is fundamental for sc
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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Szabolcsi, Anna. "Strict and Non-strict Negative Concord in Hungarian: A Unified Analysis." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90710-9_15.

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Gündoğdu, Songül, and Betul Erbasi. "Chapter 6. Ezafe as a linking feature within DP." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.06gun.

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Studies on Ezafe demonstrate that it displays considerable cross-linguistic variation, making it difficult to propose a unified analysis. Our goal is to achieve such unification by investigating the properties of Ezafe in two typologically different languages; Northern Kurdish/Kurmanji Kurdish (Iranian) and Turkish (Turkic). Taking Ezafe as a linking feature that marks dependency between the head and the non-head elements within the nominal domain, we propose that the variation can be explained with the head directionality of the language and the phase domain where the head noun lands in/remai
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Röttger, Simone, and Steffen Zschaler. "Model-Driven Development for Non-functional Properties: Refinement Through Model Transformation." In < > 2004 - The Unified Modeling Language. Modelling Languages and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30187-5_20.

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Shah, Devang, and Sandra Slaughter. "Data Modeling and UML." In Unified Modeling Language. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-05-1.ch003.

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Over the past two decades, the Entity-Relationship (ER) method has become the most popular and widely used method for conceptual database design. On the other hand, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used in the object-oriented analysis and design world. Despite the dominance of object-oriented techniques during the software development design and development phase, object-oriented databases are still not in widespread use. Software designers and developers often turn to the relational databases to make their application objects persistent. This adds one more task in the ‘to-do’ lis
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Trotzke, Andreas. "Non-canonical questions, expressivity, and the model of communication." In Non-Canonical Questions. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192872289.003.0010.

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Abstract Chapter 10 ends the book with a new proposal for how to account for the phenomenon of non-canonical questions at the level of fundamental functions of human language. It first elaborates on different notions of expressivity of language and proposes a distinction between two fundamental types of expressivity, allowing us to think of discourse phenomena like information structure, on the one hand, and emotional aspects of meaning, on the other hand, in a new and unified way. Given this new account of the expressive function of language, Chapter 10 then turns to the addressee-oriented fu
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Salazar-Zarate, Guadalupe, and Pere Botella. "Non-Functional Requirements and UML Stereotypes." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch376.

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In Nuseibeh and Easterbrook (2000), an overview of the field of software and systems requirements engineering is presented. Therein is highlighted some key open-research issues for the future of the Requirements Engineering (RE). Some of the major challenges mentioned there, are related with the necessity of richer models for capturing and analyzing non-functional requirements. This paper draws some possible extensions of Unified Modeling Language (UML) (Booch, G., Jacobson, I. and Rumbaugh, J., 1998) in order to include non-functional requirements.
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Glagolev, A. B. "THE EXPERIENCE OF USING A UNIFIED TEXTBOOK FOR TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY." In Intelligent Transportation Systems. FSBEO HPE Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT), 2025. https://doi.org/10.30932/9785002587582-2025-820-824.

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Basing on his experience of teaching the English language in The Russian Transport Academy, the author expresses his vision of the positive aspects of using a unified textbook, as well as makes some critical remarks. The article is exclusively applied in nature and the author will be glad if his colleagues, teachers of English in non-linguistic universities, share their opinion on the issue under study. A special place in the article is devoted to the importance of intercultural competence under the conditions of limited hours allocated for learning a foreign language in a non-linguistic unive
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Znotiņš Artūrs and Cīrule Elita. "NLP-PIPE: Latvian NLP Tool Pipeline." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-912-6-183.

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The paper introduces a modular pipeline that allows to combine multiple Natural Language Processing tools into a unified framework. It aims to make NLP technology more accessible for researchers, non-experts and software developers. The paper describes the architecture of NLP-PIPE and presents publicly available NLP components for Latvian.
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Caponigro, Ivano, and Anamaria Fălăuş. "‘Why’ without asking in Romanian." In Non-Interrogative Subordinate Wh-Clauses. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844620.003.0013.

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Abstract This chapter offers the first description and semantic analysis for a previously unexplored kind of non-interrogative wh-clause, namely free relative clauses introduced by de ce ‘why’ in Romanian (why-FRs). We argue that the semantic contribution of the adjunct wh-expression de ce is identical to that of complex reason-PPs (‘for the reason’ …) and provide the corresponding compositional semantics as well as its implications for the meaning switch from de ce in interrogative clauses to de ce in a why-FR in Romanian. We also briefly discuss the behaviour of de ce in other non-interrogat
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Dobing, Brian, and Jeffrey Parsons. "Use Cases and the UML." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch525.

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The Unified Modeling Language, or the UML (Booch, Jacobson &amp; Rumbaugh, 1999), has rapidly emerged as a standard language and notation for object-oriented modeling in systems development, while the accompanying Unified Software Development Process (Jacobson, Booch &amp; Rumbaugh, 1999) has been developed to provide methodological support for application of the UML in software development. The UML is a non-proprietary modeling language managed by the Object Management Group, a not-for-profit consortium, which also manages several related modeling specifications. The UML has evolved from its
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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Yang, Yuting, Yuke Li, Lifeng Zhou, Binbin Du, and Haoqi Zhu. "Enhancing Unified Streaming and Non-Streaming ASR Through Curriculum Learning With Easy-To-Hard Tasks." In 2024 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/slt61566.2024.10832171.

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Bin, Yi, Mengqun Han, Wenhao Shi, et al. "Non-Autoregressive Math Word Problem Solver with Unified Tree Structure." In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.199.

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Krima, Sylvere, Roch Bertucat, Joshua Lubell, Sudarsan Rachuri, and Sebti Foufou. "DEXML: A First Step Toward a UML Based Implementation Framework for PLCS." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48600.

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Data exchange specifications not only must be broad and general to achieve acceptance, but also must be customizable in a controlled and interoperable manner to be useful. The Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) suite of data exchange specifications (known as DEXs) uses templates to enable controlled customizability without sacrificing breadth or interoperability. DEXs are business context-specific subsets of ISO 10303 Application Protocol (AP) 239, subject to additional constraints imposed by the templates. A PLCS template defines how AP239 entities and their attributes will be instantiated usi
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Gupta, Aman, and Yadul Raghav. "Deep Learning Roles based Approach to Link Prediction in Networks." In 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101416.

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The problem of predicting links has gained much attention in recent years due to its vast application in various domains such as sociology, network analysis, information science, etc. Many methods have been proposed for link prediction such as RA, AA, CCLP, etc. These methods required hand-crafted structural features to calculate the similarity scores between a pair of nodes in a network. Some methods use local structural information while others use global information of a graph. These methods do not tell which properties are better than others. With an in-depth analysis of these methods, we
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do Carmo, Paulo Viviurka, and Ricardo Marcacini. "Embedding Propagation over Heterogeneous Information Networks." In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2023.233762.

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Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs) play a crucial role in modeling and analyzing multimedia systems and heterogeneous data. They provide a comprehensive understanding of entities and relationships within complex data structures. However, integrating HINs with machine learning tasks poses challenges that require specific models or vector space representation. This paper proposes an innovative embedding propagation graph method for HINs with textual data. By leveraging language models like BERT, our method propagates contextual text embeddings, combining the network’s topological informat
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Antonova, Olga V. "SOME ACCENTUATION OPTIONS FOR NON-DERIVATIVE FEMININE NOUNS WITH STEM ENDING WITH -А (-YA)". У 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.04.

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One of the unstable links in the field of nominal stress is accentuation of non-derivative feminine nouns with a stem ending with -а (-ya). It is well-known that during the development of the literary language, the place of stress in these lexemes gradually changed. In particular, there is a transition in subparadigm of the plural from flexion stress to root stress, as a result an additional opposition of numerical subparadigms is formed. Such changes are associated with the tendency of grammaticalization marked by V. N. Sidorov: singular and plural nouns strive for opposition on the basis of
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Li, Dachang, Corneliu-Liviu Ionescu, Ivbade Thaddeus Ehighebolo, et al. "Modeling and Simulation of Non-Darcy or Turbulent Flow for Oil Wells." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212067-ms.

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Abstract Modeling and simulation of non-Darcy or turbulent flow are well documented in the literature and available in commercial reservoir simulators (E300, Intersect) only for gas wells rather than oil wells. There is a need to model non-Darcy or turbulent flow in reservoir simulation for oil wells in the carbonate reservoirs with highly connected and densely distributed fractures and karst. This paper proposes a new non-Darcy or turbulent flow modeling and simulation method for oil wells. Unlike the industry's existing methods for non-Darcy or turbulent flow that focus on the non-Darcy coef
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Kelly, Jesse. "GPU-Accelerated Simulation of Two-Phase Incompressible Fluid Flow Using a Level-Set Method for Interface Capturing." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13330.

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Computational fluid dynamics has seen a surge of popularity as a tool for visual effects animators over the past decade since Stam’s seminal Stable Fluids paper [1]. Complex fluid dynamics simulations can often be prohibitive to run due to the time it takes to perform all of the necessary computations. This project proposes an accelerated two-phase incompressible fluid flow solver implemented on programmable graphics hardware. Modern graphics-processing units (GPUs) are highly parallel computing devices, and in problems with a large potential for parallel computation the GPU may vastly out-per
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Amaral, Larissa Mangolim, Anarosa Alves Franco Brandão, and Fábio Levy Siqueira. "Using Metamodel Composition to Unify User Story and Use Case Metamodels." In Congresso Ibero-Americano em Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2023.24706.

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Requirements languages are often defined as metamodels for the standardization of a system’s requirements specification. The unification of these metamodels benefits general analysis and interoperability between requirements models. Even tough some authors already discuss systematic composition approaches, this application for requirements languages’ metamodels is still little explored. Therefore, we applied non-domain-specific composition frameworks to create a unified metamodel for User Story and Use Case diagram by assessing common points in related work. This application enabled reducing t
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Sun, Xin, Tao Ge, Shuming Ma, Jingjing Li, Furu Wei, and Houfeng Wang. "A Unified Strategy for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction with Pre-trained Cross-Lingual Language Model." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/606.

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Synthetic data construction of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) for non-English languages relies heavily on human-designed and language-specific rules, which produce limited error-corrected patterns. In this paper, we propose a generic and language-independent strategy for multilingual GEC, which can train a GEC system effectively for a new non-English language with only two easy-to-access resources: 1) a pre-trained cross-lingual language model (PXLM) and 2) parallel translation data between English and the language. Our approach creates diverse parallel GEC data without any language-specif
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Reports on the topic "Non-Unified language"

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Estrada-Miller, Jeimee, Leni Wolf, Elvira Armas, and Magaly Lavadenz. Uplifting the Perspectives and Preferences of the Families of English Learners in Los Angeles Unified School District and Charter Schools: Findings from a Representative Poll. Loyola Marymount University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.11.

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Abstract:
This research and policy brief uplifts findings from a 2021 poll of 129 LAUSD and affiliate charter school English Learner families. The poll covers a broad range of topics including families’ pandemic experiences in and outside of school, communication with schools, levels of engagement and representation in school-based decisions, and expectations of schools for the future. Findings indicate that: (1) a majority of EL families are engaged and report that they attend school activities; (2) EL families report feeling heard at their school sites and would like more personalized communication li
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