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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nonthermal electrons

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nonthermal electrons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Bhattacharjee, Debesh, Eduard P. Kontar, and Yingjie 英杰 Luo 骆. "Total Power and Low-energy Cutoff Time Evolution of Solar Flare Accelerated Electrons Using X-Ray Observations and Warm-target Model." Astrophysical Journal 987, no. 2 (2025): 211. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addf44.

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Abstract A primary characteristic of solar flares is the efficient acceleration of electrons to nonthermal deka-keV energies. While hard X-ray (HXR) observation of bremsstrahlung emission serves as the key diagnostic of these electrons. In this study, we investigate the time evolution of flare-accelerated electrons using the warm-target model. This model, unlike the commonly used cold-target model, can determine the low-energy cutoff in the nonthermal electron distribution, so that the energetics of nonthermal electrons can be deduced more accurately. Here, we examine the time-evolution of non

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Kangfa, Cheng, Jirong Mao, Zhao Xiaohong, et al. "Synchrotron Polarization of a Hybrid Distribution of Relativistic Thermal and Nonthermal Electrons in Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission." Astrophysical Journal 975, no. 2 (2024): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8234.

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Abstract Synchrotron polarization of relativistic nonthermal electrons in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been widely studied. However, recent numerical simulations of relativistic shocks and magnetic reconnection have found that a more realistic electron distribution consists of a power-law component plus a thermal component, which requires observational validation. In this paper, we investigate synchrotron polarization using a hybrid energy distribution of relativistic thermal and nonthermal electrons within a globally toroidal magnetic field in GRB prompt emission. Our results show that compare

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Margalit, Ben, and Eliot Quataert. "Thermal Electrons in Mildly Relativistic Synchrotron Blast Waves." Astrophysical Journal Letters 923, no. 1 (2021): L14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac3d97.

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Abstract Numerical models of collisionless shocks robustly predict an electron distribution composed of both thermal and nonthermal electrons. Here, we explore in detail the effect of thermal electrons on the emergent synchrotron emission from subrelativistic shocks. We present a complete “thermal + nonthermal” synchrotron model and derive properties of the resulting spectrum and light curves. Using these results, we delineate the relative importance of thermal and nonthermal electrons for subrelativistic shock-powered synchrotron transients. We find that thermal electrons are naturally expect

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Mondal, Surajit, Andrea F. Battaglia, Bin Chen, and Sijie Yu. "A Joint Microwave and Hard X-Ray Study toward Understanding the Transport of Accelerated Electrons During an Eruptive Solar Flare." Astrophysical Journal 966, no. 2 (2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3910.

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Abstract The standard flare model, despite its success, is limited in comprehensively explaining the various processes involving nonthermal particles. One such missing ingredient is a detailed understanding of the various processes involved during the transport of accelerated electrons from their site of acceleration to different parts of the flare region. Here we use simultaneous radio and X-ray observations from the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays on board the Solar Orbiter, respectively, from two distinct viewing perspectives, to study the

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Gupta, Siddhartha, Damiano Caprioli, and Anatoly Spitkovsky. "Electron Acceleration at Quasi-parallel Nonrelativistic Shocks: A 1D Kinetic Survey." Astrophysical Journal 976, no. 1 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7c4c.

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Abstract We present a survey of 1D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-parallel nonrelativistic shocks to identify the environments favorable for electron acceleration. We explore an unprecedented range of shock speeds v sh ≈ 0.067–0.267c, Alfvén Mach numbers M A = 5 – 40 , sonic Mach numbers M s = 5 – 160 , as well as the proton-to-electron mass ratios m i/m e = 16–1836. We find that high Alfvén Mach number shocks can channel a large fraction of their kinetic energy into nonthermal particles, self-sustaining magnetic turbulence and acceleration to larger and larger energies. The fra

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Comisso, Luca, and Lorenzo Sironi. "Ion and Electron Acceleration in Fully Kinetic Plasma Turbulence." Astrophysical Journal Letters 936, no. 2 (2022): L27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac8422.

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Abstract Turbulence is often invoked to explain the origin of nonthermal particles in space and astrophysical plasmas. By means of 3D fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that turbulence in low-β plasmas (β is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure) accelerates ions and electrons into a nonthermal energy distribution with a power-law energy range. The ion spectrum is harder than the electron one, and both distributions get steeper for higher β. We show that the energization of electrons is accompanied by a significant energy-dependent pitch-angle anisotropy, wi

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Ashfield IV, William, Vanessa Polito, Sijie Yu, Hannah Collier, and Laura A. Hayes. "Nonthermal Observations of a Flare Loop-top Using IRIS Fe xxi: Implications for Turbulence and Electron Acceleration." Astrophysical Journal 973, no. 2 (2024): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad64ca.

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Abstract The excess broadening of high-temperature spectral lines, long observed near the tops of flare arcades, is widely considered to result from magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. According to different theories, plasma turbulence is also believed to be a candidate mechanism for particle acceleration during solar flares. However, the degree to which this broadening is connected to the acceleration of nonthermal electrons remains largely unexplored outside of recent work, and many observations have been limited by limited spatial resolution and cadence. Using the Interface Region Imaging Spect

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Cheng, Kangfa, Jirong Mao, Xiaohong Zhao, et al. "Synchrotron Circular Polarization in Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Optical Emission: Relativistic Thermal Electron Contribution." Astrophysical Journal 985, no. 1 (2025): 112. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1d7.

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Abstract Synchrotron circular polarization of a nonthermal power-law electron distribution in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been studied. However, some numerical simulations have shown that the resulting distribution of electrons is a combination of a thermal component and a nonthermal power-law component. In this paper, we investigate synchrotron circular polarization using such a hybrid energy distribution of relativistic thermal and nonthermal electrons within a globally toroidal magnetic field in GRB prompt optical emission. Our results show that compared to the solely nonthermal electron mo

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Lee, Myoung-Jae, Naoko Ashikawa, and Young-Dae Jung. "Effect of Coulomb Focusing on the Electron–Atom Bremsstrahlung Cross Section for Tungsten and Iron in Nonthermal Lorentzian Plasmas." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144832.

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The Coulomb focusing effect on the electron–atom bremsstrahlung spectrum is investigated in nonthermal Lorentzian plasmas. The universal expression of the cross section of nonrelativistic electron–atom bremsstrahlung process is obtained by the solution of the Thomas-Fermi equation with the effective atomic charge. The effective Coulomb focusing for the electron–atom bremsstrahlung cross section near the threshold domain is also investigated by adopting the modified Elwert-Sommerfeld factor with the mean effective charge for the bremsstrahlung process. In addition, the bremsstrahlung emission r

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Verheest, F., and S. R. Pillay. "Dust-acoustic solitary structures in plasmas with nonthermal electrons and positive dust." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15, no. 4 (2008): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-551-2008.

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Abstract. Large dust-acoustic solitons and kinks in dusty plasmas with positive cold dust, nonthermally distributed electrons and Boltzmann ions have been studied in a systematic way, to delimit their compositional parameter space. The existence domain of positive solitons is limited by infinite dust compression, of negative ones by the occurrence of potential kinks, provided the electrons are sufficiently nonthermal and there is sufficient positive charge on the dust. There is a parameter range where both negative and positive solitary structures coexist.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Grasso, Elizabeth Marie. "Nonthermal intervention strategies to minimize pathogenic foodborne microorganisms." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282076439.

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Sanglay, Gabriel Christopher. "Inactivation and Mechanism of Electron Beam Irradiation and Sodium Hypochlorite Sanitizers against a Human Norovirus Surrogate." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354305401.

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Sung, TseShih, and 宋澤世. "Dynamics of Nonthermal Electron Distributions and Electron-Phonon Interactions in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs Quantum Wells." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56174817281133896608.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>電機工程學系<br>87<br>In this thesis, we discuss the characters of the hot electron's thermalizing in GaAs and their quantum well structures. By Hot Electron-Neutral Acceptor Luminescence technique, we had finished several experiments about hot electrons in semiconductors. From the results of Bulk GaAs and QW samples, we find the difference of the valence band structure among these samples. With the excitation of utrafast pulse laser, the results of the experiments of the QW sample shows that carrier -carrier scattering rate is relative to the density of the carriers excited

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Huang, Tzu-Hsiang, and 黃子翔. "Nonthermal electron acceleration due to a wakefield induced by an intense laser." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/trsxc9.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>物理學系<br>106<br>Cosmic rays in the universe show power law distributions rather than the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Acceleration mechanisms have been proposed to explain the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, and wakefield acceleration is one of candidates. However, many fundamental physical quantities are highly challenging to be measured directly in astrophysical plasmas. We use the 100 TW laser facility at the National Central University. By irradiating hydrogen gas jet with the 100 TW laser, relativistic electrons are generated by wakefield acceleration. The accelerated elec

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Books on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Michael, Kellen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Disk-corona model of active galactic nuclei with nonthermal pairs. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Michael, Kellen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Disk-corona model of active galactic nuclei with nonthermal pairs. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Michael, Kellen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Disk-corona model of active galactic nuclei with nonthermal pairs. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Michael, Kellen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Disk-corona model of active galactic nuclei with nonthermal pairs. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Snoke, D., and W. W. Rühle. "Nonthermal Distribution of Electrons in GaAs." In Ultrafast Phenomena VIII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84910-7_124.

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Rahman, Md Obaidur, Sagar Barua, Md Golam Hafez, and Mohammad Abu Kauser. "Propagation of Ion Acoustic Solitons Around the Critical Values in Weakly Relativistic Unmagnetized Plasmas Having Nonthermal Distributed Electrons and Positrons." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66874-6_3.

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Kim, Minjung, and Howard Q. Zhang. "Improving Electrode Durability of PEF Chamber by Selecting Suitable Material." In Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958360.ch14.

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Okubo, Masaaki. "Plasma and Electron-Beam Technologies Used for Surface Treatment Applications." In Nonthermal Plasma Surface Modification of Materials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4506-1_7.

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Zdziarski, Andrzej A., and Paolo S. Coppi. "Variable Soft X-Ray Excesses in AGN from Nonthermal Electron-Positron Pair Cascades." In Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77566-6_7.

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Gan, W. Q., Y. P. Li, and J. Chang. "Lower Energy Cutoff of Nonthermal Electrons Derived from BATSE/CGRO Hard X-ray Observations." In Solar-terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment - Proceedings of the COSPAR Colloquium on Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment (STMASE) held in the NA OC in Beijing, China September 10-12, 2001. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-2749(02)80136-6.

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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "Photochemistry and Excited-State Reactions of Oxides." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0020.

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The applied voltages that drive electrochemical processes (see Chapter 11) are only one of many energy sources that can be used to activate reactions in oxide molecules and materials. Another common energy source that drives many environmental and technological oxide reactions is light from the sun. Water plays a key role in many of these reactions. Imagine that you are on vacation floating in a warm ocean bathed by the sun. Many of the phenomena you experience, from your painful sunburn to the photosynthetic growth of the seaweed you see beneath you, are photoactivated processes. In this chap

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"Electro-Hydrodynamic Processes (Electrospinning and Electrospraying)." In Thermal and Nonthermal Encapsulation Methods, edited by Magdalini K. Krokida. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315267883-4.

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"Nonthermal Hydrogen Emission Caused by Electron Beams." In Electron and Proton Kinetics and Dynamics in Flaring Atmospheres. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639663.ch10.

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Doona, C. J., F. E. Feeherry, H. Feng, et al. "Combining sanitizers and nonthermal processing technologies to improve fresh-cut produce safety." In Electron Beam Pasteurization and Complementary Food Processing Technologies. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781782421085.2.95.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Snoke, D. W., and W. W. Rühle. "“Nonthermal distribution of electrons in GaAs”." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.fc19.

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We have reported1 observation of a nonthermal energy distribution of electrons at low densities on picosecond timescales, using a streak camera to record the band-to-acceptor luminescence of Ge-doped GaAs. At densities less than 1014 /cm3, the electrons deviate substantially from a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for up to 50 ps following a 5 ps laser pulse. We discuss these results in terms of the expected rates of electron-electron and electron- hole scattering, and we present a Boltzmann-equation model for carrier-carrier scattering which gives good agreement with our data (see Fig. 1). We c

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Na, Meng Xing, Fabio Boschini, Arthur K. Mills, et al. "Evolution of nonthermal electrons in pump-probe electron relaxation dynamics." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fw4k.1.

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Bennaceur-Doumazand Djemai Bara, Djamila. "Effects of nonthermal electrons on plasma expansion into vacuum." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7179631.

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Melnikov, V. F., and L. V. Filatov. "CONDITIONS FOR WHISTLER GENERATION BY NONTHERMAL ELECTRONS IN FLARE LOOPS." In All-Russia Conference on Solar and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. The Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31725/0552-5829-2019-285-288.

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Groeneveld, Rogier H. M., Rudolf Sprik, and Ad Lagendijk. "Electron-electron dynamics observed in femtosecond thermoreflection measurements on noble metals." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.mc6.

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The relaxation dynamics of laser-heated electrons has been studied extensively in metals and (hiTc) superconductors[1] by various femtosecond thermomodulation techniques. These measurements give new insights in the electronic properties and provide direct information about the electron-phonon (e-p) coupling strength. A nearly unexplored type of dynamics is the (e-e) dynamics within the electron gas in a laser-heated metal. The extremely small e-e collision time (~ 10 fs), associated with the highly nonthermal electron distribution during excitation, makes direct observation a challenging task.

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Riffe, D. M., X. Y. Wang, Y. S. Lee, and M. C. Downer. "Time-resolved thermionic electron emission and nonthermal ion emission from Au excited by intense fs pulses." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.wc.9.

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Electron and ion emission have long been used as probes of the interaction of laser pulses with solid-state materials. [1] For excitation by femtosecond pulses most of the focus has been on either the low excitation regime where single or multiphoton electron emission dominates and surface states play an important role or in the very intense regime where significant x-ray generation occurs. Notably absent are emission studies in the transition region across the damage threshold where electron temperatures are ~ 1 eV, a temperature region where the relaxation dynamics of electrons are important

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Saini, N. S., Chanchal Bedi, Tarsem Singh Gill, José Tito Mendonça, David P. Resendes, and Padma K. Shukla. "Effect of nonthermal distribution of electrons in a four component dusty plasma." In MULTIFACETS OF DUSTRY PLASMAS: Fifth International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2997150.

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Klann, R., H. T. Grahn, and K. Ploog. "Occupation of higher conduction and valence subbands by resonant tunneling in CaAs/AlAs superlattices." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cfj4.

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The nonthermal occupation of higher subbands in superlattices by sequential resonant tunneling can give rise to new light emitting devices in the far-infrared spectral region, e.g., by using optical intersubband transitions. In contrast to luminescence spectroscopy,1 where a homogeneously distributed electron-hole plasma is generated optically, in possible device applications the electrons and holes are injected by ohmic contacts and occupy states according to their vertical transport properties.2 Therefore, we have studied the occupation of higher subbands by resonant tunneling in undoped GaA

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Mannan, A., A. A. Mamun, and P. K. Shukla. "Nonplanar ion-acoustic gardner solitons and double layers in electronegative plasma with nonthermal electrons." In 2012 IEEE 39th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2012.6383589.

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Hunsche, S., K. Wienecke, T. Dekorsy, and H. Kurz. "Laser-Induced Softening of Coherent Phonons: Pathway to Nonthermal Melting." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.fb.2.

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We investigate the dynamics of coherent optical phonons in single-crystal Tellurium after high-density excitation of free electrons by intense femtosecond laser pulses. The experiments are performed in a standard time-resolved pump-probe setup using pulses of a Ti-Sapphire oscillator that are amplified in a 6.8 kHz dye amplifier. The pulse duration is <100 fs, much shorter than the oscillation period of the A1 optical phonon mode of Tellurium, leading to an impulsive and selective excitation of this phonon via the “displacive excitation” mechanism.1 The coherent lattice vibrations are detec

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Reports on the topic "Nonthermal electrons"

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Kortshagen, Uwe. Final Report for Award DE-FG02-99ER54554 Kinetics of Electron Fluxes in Low-Pressure Nonthermal Plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835052.

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