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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nucleophilic effects of anions'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Fraser, Georgina. "Ionic liquid effects on nucleophilic substitutions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17827.

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In this thesis we demonstrate a fundamental difference between nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids versus conventional solvents. Reported herein are the effects of ionic liquid solvents on substitution reactions between a cationic electrophile and the chloride anion of various organic and inorganic salts. We have combined novel quantitative studies of the nucleophilic source [Cat]Cl with our studies of [C4C1im]Cl and compared their reactivities, k2. For the first time, Eyring activation parameters have been calculated for substitution reactions between charged specie

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2

Drees, Paul Frederick. "Secondary Isotope Effects of Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625350.

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3

Sookhun, Shatrugan. "Jahn-Teller effects in Câ‚†â‚€ anions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411506.

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4

HADDAD-FAHED, OMAIMA. "Catalyse micellaire de reactions de substitution nucleophile aromatique comportant des reactifs electriquement charges." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066419.

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5

García, Samuel A. (Samuel Anthony). "Substituent Effects on Diazeniumdiolate Anions: an AB Initio and DFT Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277741/.

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Nitroglycerin and isoamyl nitrate have been used as nitrovasodilators since the nineteeth century. However, not until recently has it been known that these compounds were useful since they promoted the release of NO in the body. More recently, a new class of drugs, NO donors, has been developed. These include S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), sydnonimines, and nucleophilic NO adducts.

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6

Brammer, Larry E. "The elucidation of single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms in the reactions of nucleophiles with carbonyl compounds." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151247/.

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7

Zheng, Huaiben. "Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis and nucleophilic attachment/substitution of transition metal carbene complexes : kinetics of carbon proton transfers that lead to aromatic anions /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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8

Takagi, Hiroshi. "Effects of manipulating dietary cation-anion balance on calcium metabolism in sheep." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75683.

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Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of reducing dietary anion-cation balance (AC-balance), defined as meq $ sp circ$(Sodium + Potassium)-(Chloride + Sulfur) S, on calcium (Ca) metabolism. Reducing the dietary AC-balance from +314 to $-22$ (meq kg$ sp{-1}$ dry matter (DM)) did not affect plasma Ca level but reduced Ca retention mainly due to a 10-fold increase in urinary Ca excretion with similar rate of apparent absorption. It also decreased urine pH and titratable acidity. The response to induced hypocalcemia created by the infusion of 4.6% EDTA solution revealed that reducin

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9

Tellefsen, Karen. "The effects of temperature and adsorbed anions on the initial stages of surface oxidation of gold electrodes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5124.

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10

Sato, Shinjiro. "Phosphorus sorption and desorption in a Brazilian ultisol effects of pH and organic anions on phosphorus bioavailability /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001359.

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11

Corral, Bautista Francisco [Verfasser], and Herbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayr. "Structural and ion-pairing effects on the nucleophilic reactivity of carbanions and organometallics / Francisco Corral Bautista. Betreuer: Herbert Mayr." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077741650/34.

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12

Payne, Martin William. "Investigation of the reactivity of [HM?(CO)??]? (M = Ru, Os) clusters : kinetics of ¹³CO exchange, effects of ion pairing, and the relationship between the ¹³CO exchange and the catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636477575.

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13

Leclerc, Hélène. "Effects on manipulating the anion-cation balance in rations for prepartum dairy cows on hypocalcemic parturient paresis." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65421.

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14

MacMillar, Susanna. "Isotopes as Mechanism Spies : Nucleophilic Bimolecular Substitution and Monoamine Oxidase B Catalysed Amine Oxidation Probed with Heavy Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7441.

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15

Ryberg, Per. "Concerted or Stepwise? : β-Elimination, Nucleophilic Substitution, Copper Catalysed Aziridination and Ruthenium Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation Studied by Kinetic Isotope Effects and Linear Free-Energy Relationships". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för organisk kemi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2008.

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This thesis describes the use of kinetic isotope effects, linear free energy relationships and stereochamical studies to distinguish between different mechanistic alternatives and to obtain information about transition state structure. In the first part fluorine and deuterium kinetic isotope effects were determined for the base promoted HF elimination from 4-fluoro-4-(4’-nitrophenyl)butane-2-on. During this work a new method for the determination of fluorine kinetic isotope effects was developed. The results from the study demonstrates that the reaction proceeds via an E1cBip mechanism. In the

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16

Mahmood, Tariq. "Aspects of the chemistry of 1,4-naphthoquinones : an investigation of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkylamines and hydroxyalyklamines on 1,4 napthoquinones and the role of solvent on the position of substitution." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5746.

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Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkylamines, cyclic alkylamines, and hydroxyalkylamines with 5-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones have been studied. It has been found that the nature of the solvent employed in the reaction influences the position of mono-substitution at either the 2- or 3-position. Although both regioisomers were produced in all the reactions, protic polar solvents favoured the formation of the 3-regioisomer, whereas non-protic solvents favoured the formation of the 2-regioisomer. It has also been found that formation of 2,3-diaminoalkyl derivatives is normally unlikely. A

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17

Coons, Marc P. L. "Solvent Effects for Vertical Ionization Processes in Liquid Water and at the Liquid-Vapor Interface." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503014629752161.

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18

Jund, Rodolphe. "Electrochimie de clusters mixtes tetrametalliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13175.

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19

Lima, Filipe da Silva. "Trifluorometilsulfonato como contra-íon de micelas catiônicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-05082013-152555/.

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Micelas são agregados coloidais formados por moléculas anfifílicas i.e., moléculas com uma região hidrofóbica e uma porção hidrofílica (surfactantes). Efeitos específicos de íons (EEIs) são observados em micelas iônicas, uma vez que as propriedades físico-químicas de agregado micelares, como tamanho e geometria, dependem da natureza do contra-íon. Diferentes ânions inorgânicos produzem alterações modestas nas propriedades de agregados micelares catiônicos, mas ânions orgânicos podem induzir efeitos mais pronunciados, como transições de forma do agregado ou separações de fase. Em sistemas mice

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20

Artur, Julio Cesar. "Arilação seletiva de ânions heterocíclicos ambidentados por sais de difenil iodônio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-10122008-170243/.

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A arilação seletiva de compostos orgânicos confere-lhes propriedades com amplas aplicações: em compostos de atividade biológica, inibidora da protease do vírus HIV-1, e de interesse como agroquímicos ou na engenharia de materiais. Em razão disso, novos métodos e reagentes tem sido desenvolvidos com essa finalidade. Sabe-se que a N-arilação de várias aminas, catalisadas por paládio, com haletos de arila e triflatos é tida como ferramenta importante a disposição do químico sintético. Do mesmo modo, publicou-se que a N-arilação de certos -amino ácidos por haletos de arila, procede-se facilmente

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21

Chu, Hon-Bein, and 朱宏彬. "The solvent effects and the structural effects of anions(Y) on the reactivity of the nucleophilic substitution reaction BzCl + Bu4NY→BzBr + Bu4NCl." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13540826365353545725.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>化學工程與材料工程研究所<br>90<br>The reactivities (kf,kb) depend on the structures of the nucleophiles (Bu4NY), the solvent used. For the structural effects of Bu4NY, Y = Cl, Br, I, AcO, OH, ClO4, HSO4 were studied. And for the solvent effect, the relations between the reactivity and solvent properties (solubility parameter) has found for the various types of solvents (aprotic aliphatics, aprotic aromatics). And the effect of water on kf and kb were studies as well.

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22

Bogle, Xavier Sheldon. "Dynamic Effects in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10313.

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In order to rationally optimize a reaction, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of its mechanism. Consequently, great effort has been made to elucidate a variety of reaction mechanisms. However, the fundamental ideas needed to understand reaction mechanisms are not yet fully developed. Throughout the literature, one encounters numerous examples of experimental observations that are not explainable by conventional mechanistic ideas and methods. The research described in this dissertation employs a unique approach towards the identification and analysis of systems whose observations

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23

Shriver, James Andrew. "Structural and electronic effects of calix[n]pyrrole based anion sensors." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108511.

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24

Tsai, Wan-Chen, and 蔡婉甄. "Theoretical Modeling of the Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIEs) and Tunneling Effects of the Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution (SN2) Reactions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39489209113610953427.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>化學暨生物化學研究所<br>101<br>This thesis consists of four chapters. In chapter 1 and chapter 2, we studied the elimination and substitution reactions of vinyl halide with a nucleophile (halide anion). In the chapters 3 and 4, we investigated the kinetic isotope effects and tunneling effects of SN2 reactions. 　　In chapter 1, we studied two exothermic E2-like reactions of the F- + C2H3Y (Y = Cl, Br) → HF + C2H2 + Y- in the gas phase, in microsolvation with a H2O (F-(H2O) + C2H3Y), and in bulk water solvent. Basis on the different orientation of the hydrogen abstraction by the nucleophil

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25

Li, Bing. "Sorption of synthetic aromatic anions onto polymeric ion exchangers : genesis of selectivity and effects of equilibrium process variables on sorption kinetics /." Diss., 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9955160.

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26

Lim, Pek-Hoon, and 林佩雲. "Effects of Anions on Heat-assisted Persulfate Oxidation of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in Aqueous System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66627672668579966813.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境工程學系碩博士班<br>93<br>The kinetics on heat-assisted persufate oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE) in aqueous solutions at various oxidant concentrations (persulfate/TCE ratio = 20 and 60), ionic strength and ionic kinds was studied. The decomposition of persulfate was found to follow a first-order decay kinetic model in deionized water, and the rate constant was larger in unbuffered condition of at around 0.0030 hr-1 than that in buffered condition at 0.0011 hr-1. The difference may be attributed to that no acid-catalyzed reaction was present in the buffered condition as the pH

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27

Yu, Jhong-Wei, and 虞中維. "Effects of co-existing anions and chelating agent on the retention characteristics of chromate by MEUF." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6gkws8.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>環境工程與管理研究所<br>102<br>Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is an effective process for anion removal such as chromium was commonly applied. But the efficiency was affected by the presence of anion and chelating agent in the matrix since anion would compete with chromium and chelating agent would interact with surfactant aggregates used in the MEUF process. Therefore, co-existence of anions (nitrate and sulfate) and chelating agent (EDTA) were evaluated in a single and multi-component aqueous solution for chromate removal by MEUF with cationic surfactant (CTAB) in this stud

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28

許嘉戀, Chia-Lian Hsu, and 許嘉戀. "The effects of inorganic anions and Fe(Ⅲ) on Cr(Ⅵ) photoreduction in a solution with different pH." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50996895293458690224.

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碩士<br>中興大學<br>土壤環境科學系所<br>95<br>The detrimental impact of chromium to the environment gradually increased accompanied with the extensive utilization of chromium due to its requirement to the development of industries and to improve the living standard for human. Chromium exists in water in two major oxidation forms: Cr(III) and Cr(VI). There are distinct differences in physical/chemical properties and toxicities between these two Cr species. Chromium(III) has a high affinity to particles. Through the precipitation or adsorption of Cr(III) onto suspended particles, the concentration and mobilit

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29

Boller, Timothy Marlow. "Regioselectivity of nucleophilic addition to n³-propargyl complexes and electronic effects on a novel equilibrium between n³-allenyl complexes of rhenium." 2002. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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30

Hsieh, Ying-Yeh, and 謝鸚爗. "Effects of Far-infrared Radiation on the Variation of Superoxide Anions and the Activity of Autonomic Nervous System in Human Body." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zczxz7.

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碩士<br>元培科技大學<br>影像醫學研究所<br>96<br>Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effects of irradiating the preganglionic neurons of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system of the spine with far-infrared radiation (FIR) on the concentration of blood superoxide anions (O2-) and the activity of autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, we also probe the variation of temperature inside the soft tissue, 100% cotton and 100% polyester cloths under the irradiation of different intensity of FIR with different irradiation time. Forty-six male and female students aged 18-25 years old were involved

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31

Salam, M. A., B. Abdullah, A. Ramli, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Structural feature based computational approach of toxicity prediction of ionic liquids: Cationic and anionic effects on ionic liquids toxicity." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10342.

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yes<br>The density functional theory (DFT) based a unique model has been developed to predict the toxicity of ionic liquids using structural-feature based quantum chemical reactivity descriptors. Electrophilic indices (ω), the energy of highest occupied (EHOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, (ELUMO) and energy gap (∆ E) were selected as the best toxicity descriptors of ILs via Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The principle components analysis (PCA) demonstrated the distribution and inter-relation of descriptors of the model. A multiple linear regression (M

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32

MCNEISH, JOANNE. "Effects of Leaving Group Ability and Microstructure on the Reactivity of Halogenated Poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6819.

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Halogenation of poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) (IIR) increases its reactivity towards sulphur and other nucleophiles. Currently brominated (BIIR) and chlorinated (CIIR) derivatives are commercially available; however, an iodinated derivative has been briefly investigated. The effects of leaving group ability and microstructure on the reactivity of halogenated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) were studied to put iodobutyl rubber reactivity into context and to compare existing commercial products to their isomeric derivatives. Polymers containing halomethyl (r-CIIR, r-BIIR, r-IIIR) isomers of but

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33

Shibambu, C. S. "An assessment of water quality of the wetland downstream of Makhado oxidation and its potential effects on irrigation wters." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/627.

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MESC<br>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources<br>Wetlands are known of their pollution reduction characteristics due to their flat topography and dense vegetation which capture pollutants on the settling sediments. Three processes take place on the captured pollutants in the sediments, the physical, chemical and biological processes, which facilitate the removal of pollutants from the wetlands. This research was carried out in order to assess the Water Quality of wetland downstream of Makhado oxidation ponds and its potential effects on Irrigation Waters by determining the Physical-chemi

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