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Strachan, Keri. "Current perceptions and usage practices of nutritional supplements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2193.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate current perceived role of nutritional supplements in adolescent (16-18 years) male rugby players and establish usage practices within Kwazulu Natal
(KZN) schools.
Methods The nutritional supplementation practices of 68 rugby players from 7 KZN secondary
schools were surveyed using an anonymous paper-based questionnaire. The boys were asked
to identify from a list (with Other as a selection) which supplement they used, the frequency of use, sources of supplement information and advice they base their choices on, where products were bought from, reasons for use, average monthly spend on buying these supplements, whether dietary changes were made in conjunction with taking a supplement and what was their understanding of the role of supplementation in achieving their performance goals.
Results Sixty eight out of 236 invited participants completed the questionnaire. This translated into a response rate of 29%. Fifty four percent of participants admitted to using nutritional supplements, protein and creatine being the most popular products listed (43% and 22% of supplement users, respectively). Thirty five percent of supplement users supplemented daily and 24% supplemented 3-4 times per week. Friends were the most popular source of advice and
information regarding nutritional supplements 32% (n=12), with supplement company representatives the next most commonly used source 22% (n=8). Seventy percent (n=26) of supplements are bought from a pharmacy, with an average monthly cost of R250, but ranging from R30 to as much as R1500 per month. Seventy percent (n=26) indicated that they also made dietary changes in addition to taking the nutritional supplement. These dietary changes included making healthier food choices 81% (n=21), increasing intake of protein foods 65%
(n=17), planned snacks around exercise 35% (n=9), increasing carbohydrate-rich foods 62%
(n=16), increasing fruit and vegetable intake 50% (n=13), and including snacks between meals
35% (n=9). The study participants rated practice sessions and weight training as most important in terms of helping them achieve their goals; diet, rest and supplements were similarly ranked as
being between fairly to very important. Twenty two percent admitted that they would consider
taking an illegal supplement if it would assist them in achieving their goals.
Conclusions
This study indicates that at least half of rugby-playing school boys (age 16-18 yrs) are making
use of some form of supplementation, with protein and creatine supplementation being the most
popular. The data indicate that rugby-playing school boys see their peers as a good source of
information, and are willing to spend a large amount of money obtaining it (about R250 per
month on average). This is concerning as peer pressure combined with lack of knowledge on
nutritional supplement usage (and nutrition) can lead to widespread misuse of supplements, and
potential detrimental side-effects in this young study population. However it highlights the value
that school-level educational programmes (age and sport specific) can have in improving
supplement usage practices and creating sound nutritional practices amongst this population,
better equipping them at making informed decisions. In addition, educational programmes
should be extended to other influential sources of information such as school coaches, teachers
and parents.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die huidige persepsie oor die waarde van voedingsupplemente en die gebruikspraktyke daarvan in 16 -18 jarige adolessente manlike atlete in Kwazulu Natal (KZN) skole te bepaal.
Uitkomste van die studie was om die voorkoms en tipe supplemente wat gebruik word, redes
aangevoer vir die gebruik daarvan, kennis oor die rol van supplemente asook die bron van inligting te bepaal.
Metodes Die voedingsupplementasie praktyke van 68 rugby spelers uit 7 KZN sekondêre skole
is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van n annonieme vraelys (papier basis). Die seuns is gevra
om van n lys (die opsie ander was ingesluit) te identifiseer watter supplement hulle gebruik,
die frekwensie van gebruik, die bronne van inligting en raadgewing ontvang, waar die produk
aangekoop is, redes vir gebruik, gemiddelde maandelikse kostes aangegaan en of
dieetveranderinge tesame met die supplementasie aangegaan is. Kennis rondom die rol van
supplementasie in prestasie doelwitte is getoets.
Resultate: Agt-en-sestig uit n totaal van 236 deelnemers wat uitgenooi is om deel te neem aan
die studie, het die vraelys voltooi. Dus het 29% van die studie-deelnemers het dus op die vraelys
gereageer. Vier en vyftig persent van die deelnemers het erken dat hulle supplemente gebruik
waarvan kreatien en proteïen gelys is as die mees gewildste produkte (onderskeidelik 43% en
22%). Vyf en dertig persent het daagliks supplemente gebruik en 24% het 3-4 keer per week
supplemente gebruik. Vriende was die mees gewildste bron van raad en inligting (32%), gevolg
deur supplement maatskappy verteenwoordigers (22%). Sewentig persent van supplemente
word gekoop by n apteek en n gemiddelde maandelikse bedrag van R250 word gespandeer,
maar dit wissel van R30 tot soveel as R1 500 per maand. Sewentig persent het erken dat hulle
dieet veranderinge in hul dieet tesame met die supplementasie aanbring. Hierdie veranderinge
het die volgende ingesluit: die keuse van gesonder voedselsoorte (81%); n verhoogde inname van proteïenryke voedselsoorte (65%); beplanning van peuselhappies rondom oefening (65%);
verhoogde inname van koolhidraatryke voedsel (62%); meer vrugte en groente (50%) en die
neem van peuselhappies tussen maaltye (35%). Die deelnemers het oefening met gewigte en
oefensessies as die mees belangrike faktore geag om hul doelwitte te bereik. Dieet, rus en
supplemente is daarnaas gelyk geag as redelik belangrik en 22% het erken dat hulle n verbode
middel sal gebruik indien dit hulle sal help om hulle doelwitte te bereik.
Gevolgtrekkings
Die studie wys dat ten minste die helfte van skoolseuns wat rugby speel (16-18 jr) een of ander
vorm van supplementasie gebruik, waarvan proteïen en kreatien die mees gewildste is. Die
data dui daarop dat skoolseuns wat rugby speel hul tydgenote ag as n goeie bron van inligting
oor supplement gebruik en dat hulle bereid is om groot bedrae geld te spandeer om die
supplemente te bekom (gemiddeld R250,00 per maand). Dit is kommerwekkend aangesien
groepsdruk tesame met n gebrek aan kennis oor supplementasie (en voeding) kan lei tot
algemene misbruik van supplemente en moontlike newe effekte in hierdie jong studie populasie.
Dit beklemtoon egter ook die waarde wat skool gebasseerde opvoedingsprogramme kan hê
om die bewustheid en kennis oor supplement gebruik in hierdie populasie te verbeter om hul in
staat te stel om ingeligte besluite te neem. Dit moet ouderdom -en sportspesifieke
voedingsonderrig insluit. Opvoedingsprogramme moet ook uitgebrei word na ander partye wat
invloedryke bronne van inligting is soos skool afrigters, onderwysers en ouers.
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Roberts, Susan Jean. "An investigation into dieting practices, nutritional intake and nutritional status of a female population." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5061/.
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Pacheco, Leopoldo Arturo IV. "Nutritional and range management practices for breeding beef females." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16806.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>KC Olson<br>The objective of this series of studies was to develop and improve methods of production in cow/calf operations of the Great Plains. Ultrasound measures of longissimus muscle depth (LMD) and intramuscular fat (IMF) of Angus × heifers were used to predict lifetime cow productivity. IMF and LMD were categorized into high, medium, and low groups (IMFG and LMDG, respectively). Cows in the high and medium LMDG had greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates than cows in the low LMDG. Calf BW at weaning increased (P < 0.05) as dam IMF increased. Angus crossbred cows grazing native range were used to evaluate the effects of pre-partum ruminally-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on postpartum beef cow and calf performance. Under the conditions of our study, RPC supplementation had minimal (P > 0.05) effects on pregnancy rates and performance of beef cows and calves. Lactating crossbred cows with calves and non-pregnant, non-lactating Boer-cross nannies were used to evaluate the effects of co-grazing on herbivory patterns and animal performance while grazing native tallgrass rangeland infested heavily by sericea lespedeza (SL). The proportion of individual SL plants that had been grazed at the end of the trial was greater (P < 0.01) in co-grazed pastures than in single-species pastures. Grazing cows and goats in combination increased (P < 0.01) grazing pressure on SL without negatively affecting beef cow performance, beef calf performance, or residual forage biomass. Angus × cows and heifers grazing native range were used to evaluate the effects of pre-partum corn steep liquor supplementation on postpartum beef cow and calf performance. Under the conditions of our study, CSL supplementation did not generally promote beef cow and calf performance that was equivalent to supplementation with an isonitrogenous, dry, corn-soy alternative. Cow calf pairs were used to evaluate the effects of grazing system (GS) and stocking rate (SR) on cow and calf performance. Late season rest-rotation (LSRR) was compared with continuous (CONT) grazing at low, moderate, and high SR. Under the conditions of our study, CONT produced consistently better (P < 0.01) late-season cow and calf performance than LSRR. Season-long effects of SR on animal performance were minimal; moreover, GS and SR treatments produced equivalent pregnancy rates.
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Furtek, Emily S. "A survey of nutritional screening practices in hospitals of Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063224/.
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Enwere, Michael Enyi. "Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Infants in Northwest Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7638.
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Infants and young children in the Northwest province of Nigeria are susceptible to malnutrition. Inappropriate and inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding result in stunting, underweight, and wasting. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine current feeding practices of infants not older than 2 years and their nutritional status in Northwest Nigeria. The theory of planned behavior was adopted in this research. With a total sample size of 3,861, multiple linear regression was adopted as a predictive analysis to delineate the correlation between two or more independent variables and one continuous dependent variable. Also, adopted was an independent t test to demonstrate the statistical difference between the mean of the dependent variable and that of the independent variable. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that the change in underweight associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 8.1%. The overall regression model was significant, F(18, 879) = 4.29, p < .05, adj. R2 = .06 predicted underweight in infants under 6 months of age. The coefficient of determination (R2) indicated that the changes in underweight associated with age appropriate complementary (CP) feeding was 8.0%. The overall regression model was significant, F(18, 2,944) = 14.29, p < .05, adj. R2 = .08. The model predicted underweight in infants 624 months of age. The results from this study can be used in the reinforcement of EBF and age appropriate CP guidelines and policies by the extension of paid leave, implementing flexibility in working hours, and private space to breastfeed.
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Lund, Karolina. "Nutritional quality of children’s diet and associations with parental cooking skills and nutritional awareness." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17844.
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Background: Child overweight and obesity are increasing public health problems and food habitsamong children are concerning. Healthy family food habits and basic parental nutrition and cooking skills are important for ensuring children receive an adequate diet. Objective: To explore the nutritional quality of 5-10-year-old Swedish children’s diets and associations with parental self-perceived cooking skills, awareness of nutrition guidelines, family cooking practices and demographic variables. Methods: A cross sectional online survey was responded by 72 parents. Nutritional quality was measured using The National Board of Health and Wellness’ Dietary Index. The survey also measured parental self-perceived cooking skills, awareness of nutrition guidelines, family cooking practices and demographic variables. Associations were tested with independent t-tests and Spearman rank correlations. Results: Mean Dietary Index score was 8.11, which indicates an unsatisfactory adherence to Nutrition Guidelines. Children’s food habits in this sample were better than in the national survey Riksmaten barn 2003, but intake levels of fruit, vegetables and fish was still below recommendations. Associations were found between children’s Dietary Index scores and parental cooking skills, nutritional awareness and frequency of child participating in cooking. No associations with demographic variables were found. Conclusions: Children’s diets are not in line with recommendations for 46 % of the participants, but appears to have improved since the latest national survey. Parental cooking skills, nutritional awareness and children participating in cooking more often was associated with better nutritional quality in children.The small sample size, participant heterogeneity and the recruitment method limits the generalizability of the results.
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Cuyún, Carter Gebra B. "Food intake, dietary practices, and nutritional supplement use among the Amish." This edition also available online via Ohio State University:, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211898334.
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Cuyun, Carter Gebra B. "FOOD INTAKE, DIETRAY PRACTICES,AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT USE AMONG THE AMISH." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211898334.
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Lombard, Louise Ann. "Body composition of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their perceptions and practices regarding diet, nutritional supplements and other treatments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17941.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of
the joints and surrounding tissue causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Studies suggest that aspects of the
diet may alleviate symptoms and decrease the risk of complications. The scientific basis for a role of dietary
therapy in RA has grown although there is still no consensus on the optimum diet. It has been shown that
persons with RA tend to have a poor nutritional status; and rheumatoid cachexia, the loss of body cell mass,
occurs in nearly two-thirds of all patients with RA. The study aimed to establish what RA patients are
practicing and their perceptions regarding the effect of diet, nutritional supplements, medication and
complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) and therapies on their symptoms as well as determining
their body composition and the possible presence of rheumatoid cachexia.
Methodology
The study design was a cross-sectional study with an analytical component. The study population consisted
of adult (18 years or older) RA patients in the Cape Metropole from the private and public sector. An
interviewer-administered questionnaire was used followed by the measurement of weight, height, waist
circumference and skinfold thickness. Information was also gathered from the medical records.
Results
The sample size comprised of 251 RA patients (n=201 public sector; n=50 private sector). The mean body
mass index (BMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 for females and 26.6 kg/m2 for males. BMI was used to classify obesity
(n=133; 45.9%), overweight (n=66; 26.8%), normal weight (n=63; 25.6%) and underweight (n=4; 1.6%).
Waist circumference measurement classifications showed a substantially increased risk for metabolic
complications in 51.8% of participants (n=127) and an increased risk in 21.2% of participants (n=52). Just
over half of the participants (n=65; 55.6%) had an unhealthy high body fat percentage classification.
Rheumatoid cachexia was seen in 10.3% participants (n=12). Low fat-free mass (Fat-free mass index <10th
percentile) was seen in 21% participants (n=24) and obesity (Fat mass index >90th percentile) was seen in
27% of participants (n=31). Twenty nine percent of participants (n=73) believed that certain types of food
could improve their symptoms of RA and 60% of participants (n=151) believed that certain foods worsened
their symptoms. Sixty four percent of participants (n=161) thought that nutritional supplements or
complementary and alternative medicines and therapies could improve their symptoms of RA and 98%
(n=246) of participants used nutritional supplements. The most frequently used supplements included folic
acid (n=218; 91.6%), calcium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamin D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 fatty acids (n=48; 64.9%)
and multivitamin and mineral preparations (n=22; 29.7%).
Conclusion
The obesity and waist circumference figures were unacceptably elevated in this population and the body
composition of these RA patients should be highlighted as a concern. The high prevalence of risk factors for
cardiovascular disease (CVD) need to be urgently addressed since CVD is the leading cause of mortality in
RA patients. This study highlights the important role of the intra-professional team, including the dietitian, in
the management of RA patients.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding
Rumatoïede artritis (RA) is 'n chroniese, inflammatoriese, outo-immuun siekte wat gekenmerk word deur
inflammasie van die gewrigte en omliggende weefsel en veroorsaak pyn, swelling en styfheid. Studies dui
daarop dat aspekte van die dieet simptome kan verlig en die risiko van komplikasies kan verminder. Die
wetenskaplike basis vir die rol van dieetterapie in RA het gegroei, hoewel daar nog geen konsensus
aangaande die optimale dieet is nie. Dit is al bewys dat persone met RA geneig is om 'n swak voedingstatus
te hê; en rumatoïede cachexia, die verlies van liggaam selmassa in byna twee-derdes van alle pasiënte
met RA voorkom. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat RA-pasiënte se praktyke en persepsies
ten opsigte van die uitwerking van dieet, voedselaanvullings, medikasie en aanvullende of alternatiewe
medisyne (CAM) en terapieë op hul simptome het, sowel as om hul liggaamsamestelling en die moontlike
teenwoordigheid van rumatoïede cachexia te bepaal.
Metodiek
Die studie ontwerp was 'n dwarssnitstudie met 'n analitiese komponent. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit
volwassene (18 jaar of ouer) RA pasiënte uit die privaat en openbare sektore in die Kaapse Metropool.
Onderhoude was gevoer met behulp van vraelyste. Gewig, lengte, middelomtrek en velvoudikte was ook
gemeet. Inligting was ook versamel uit mediese rekords.
Resultate
Die steekproefgrootte het uit 251 RA pasiënte (n=201 openbare sektor, n=50 privaat sektor) bestaan. Die
gemiddelde liggaamsmassa-indeks (LMI) was 30.3 kg/m2 vir vroue en 26.6 kg/m2 vir mans. LMI was gebruik
om vetsug te klassifiseer (n=133; 45.9%), asook oorgewig (n=66; 26.8%), normale gewig (n=63; 25.6%) en
ondergewig (n=4; 1.6%). Klassifikasie van middelomtrek metings het 'n aansienlike verhoogde risiko vir
metaboliese komplikasies in 51.8% van die deelnemers (n=127) en 'n verhoogde risiko in 21.2% van die
deelnemers (n=52) getoon. Net meer as die helfte van die deelnemers (n=65; 55.6%) het 'n ongesonde hoë
liggaamsvet persentasie klassifikasie getoon. Rumatoïede cachexia was by 10.3% van die deelnemers
(n=12) gevind. Lae vetvrye massa (vetvrye massa indeks <10de persentiel) was by 21% deelnemers (n=24)
en vetsug (vet massa indeks >90ste persentiel) in 27% van die deelnemers (n=31) teenwoordig. Nege-entwintig
persent van die deelnemers (n=73) het geglo dat sekere voedselsoorte hul simptome van RA kon
verbeter en 60% van die deelnemers (n=151) was van mening dat sekere kosse die simptome kon vererger.
Vier-en-sestig persent van die deelnemers (n=161) het gedink dat voedingsaanvullings of aanvullende en
alternatiewe medisyne en terapieë hulle simptome van RA kon verbeter en 98% (n=246) van die deelnemers
het voedingsaanvullings gebruik. Die mees algemene gebruikte aanvullings was foliensuur (n=218; 91.6%),
kalsium (n=182; 76.5%), vitamien D (n=185; 77.7%), omega-3 vetsure (n=48, 64,9%) en multi-vitamien en
mineraal preparate (n=22; 29.7%).
Gevolgtrekking
Die vetsug en middelomtrek syfers was onaanvaarbaar verhoog in die studiepopulasie en die
liggaamsamestelling van hierdie RA pasiënte is 'n bekommernis. Die hoë voorkoms van risikofaktore vir
kardiovaskulêre siekte (KVS) moet dringend aangespreek word, aangesien die KVS die grootste oorsaak
van sterfte in RA pasiënte is. Hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrike rol van die intra-professionele span,
met inbegrip van die dieetkundige, in die bestuur van RA pasiënte.
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Carson, Luther C. "Cultivation and Nutritional Constituents of Virginia Grown Edamame." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32241.
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Edamameâ s (Glycine max L. Merrill) consumption in the US has also been growing due to purported health benefits. Edamame grows well around the US, but few have measured the growth and yield in the mid-Atlantic region. The objective of these studies were to determine the potential yield of edamame, determine how yield components change with planting date and cultivar, and to measure total protein, lipids, antioxidant activity and isoflavone concentrations at harvest.. The five cultivars (BeSweet 292, BeSweet 2015, BeSweet 2001, Midori Giant and Sunrise) used in the cultivar evaluation trial and for nutritional constituents analysis were grown in Painter, Virginia in 2008 and 2009. The cultivar evaluation trial yielded between 5,600 and 8,400 kg per ha. Percent marketable pods ranged from 74.3 and 85.6% in the cultivar evaluation trial. There were significant differences in average seed size across cultivars in both years. Cultivar lipid content followed the same patterns in both years with 2009 having lower overall concentrations than 2008. Protein contents were similar in 2008 and 2009. Both years, â BeSweet 2015â and â BeSweet 2001â had high radical scavenging ability and Midori Giant had the lowest. In 2008, there were no significant differences in the ORAC assay. â BeSweet 292â had significantly more reducing activity in the DPPH assay than Sunrise in 2009. Isoflavones were measured in 2008 and 2009 at harvest and temporally in 2009. Of all isoflavones, Malonyl genistin had the highest concentration. Edamame is a suitable crop for cultivation in Virginia, and is high in nutritional quality.<br>Master of Science
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Wydner, Fred Preston III. "Nutritional and Management Practices to Reduce Excessive Nutrient Excretion on Dairy Farms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9607.
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A 2-yr field study was conducted to reduce nutrient losses from Virginia dairy farms through nutritional and herd management practices. Ten collaborator herds were identified, all at state DHIA average or better for milk yield and days open. Baseline feed samples and ration information were collected for 2 mo and analyzed for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Feeds were analyzed monthly, and monthly DHIA milk yield, milk composition, milk urea N (MUN), and reproductive data were recorded. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 25 cows/herd every 3 mo to monitor P excretion and blood urea N. Nutrient balances were developed for each farm for N and P at the start of the study and following ration and management changes. Collaborator herds imported, on average, 290% more N and 320% more P onto the farm than was removed through milk, culled animals, crop sales, or manure sales. By following NRC (1989) recommendations, collaborator farms could reduce N inputs by 21% and P inputs by 45%. Minimizing P in purchased feed, purchased feeds/cow, purchased feeds/ha, and total P input could cause significant reductions in P balance for participating collaborator herds. None of the N variables tested (purchased feed, purchased feed/cow, purchased feed/ha, and total N input) provided significant reductions.<br>Master of Science
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Dykstra, Aaron James. "Nutritional Prevention Of Colorectal Cancer: Attitudes And Practices Of Primary Care Providers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332768.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. The identification and description of many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors to CRC has spurred the development of prevention and early detection protocols and recommendations to help reduce CRC incidence and mortality. Measures to manage CRC include diagnostic screenings and lifestyle changes. As rates of screening increase, prevention counseling rates among primary care providers (PCPs) remain low. Barriers to nutrition prevention reported by PCPs are inconsistent across the literature which has led to confusion about the reason for poor nutrition prevention efforts among PCPs. This practice inquiry (PI) addressed the identified practice gap using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) quality improvement (QI) model. In the "Plan" phase (Chapter 2), a systematic review of the research literature determined existing nutrition recommendations for CRCs and barriers to implementation by PCPs. Development of several nutrition recommendations for fiber, vitamin D, alcohol, red and processed meats intakes, and dietary patterns were outlined for PCP use in practice. Barriers to nutrition prevention implementation were identified as time, reimbursement, knowledge, and health literacy. To augment findings from the literature, a provider survey was completed (Chapters 3-4). Barriers identified by the participants (n=47) include lack of time, education materials, nutrition knowledge, low health literacy, and lack of patient interest. These findings indicate that several changes are needed to improve the use of CRC prevention guidelines, including additional education and education materials, changes in office policy and additional research to create and analyze the interventions recommended to improve existing nutrition prevention counseling for CRC.
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Carlson, Natalie F. "Dietary Counseling Practices and Perceived Barriers Among Utah Dental Hygienists." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2324.
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Diet related factors are associated with the 2 most prevalent oral diseases- caries and periodontal disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence of a synergistic link between nutrition, systemic health, and oral health. Regardless of this evidence and in spite of recommendations by dental associations, researchers have shown the majority of dental professionals are consistently excluding nutritional screenings and dietary counseling in their dental services. The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional screening and dietary counseling practices of Utah dental hygienists and to evaluate possible associations between various factors influencing the implementation of nutritional services. Surveys were collected from members of the Utah Dental Hygienists’ Association. Mean scores showed low frequency and low confidence levels in performing nutritional services and high perceptions of barriers to care. Little to no difference in mean scores occurred when differentiating between degree achievements, years in dental hygiene practice, or component affiliation.
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Shroff, Monal R. Bentley Margaret E. "Child nutritional status, feeding practices and women's autonomy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1397.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Nutrition of School of Public Health." Discipline: Nutrition; Department/School: Public Health.
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Collier, Shirley D. "Relationship of perceived benefits and perceived barriers to exercise, nutritional practices and smoking." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722446.
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The focus of the research study was to investigate the relationship of perceived benefits and perceived barriers to the health behaviors of exercise, nutritional eating practices, and elimination of smoking. Perceived barriers and benefits were measured by a tool developed by Sechrist , Walker, & Pender (1987).A randomized sample of 300 adults living in Indiana were surveyed. The adults were employed by Hooks-Super X, Inc. and were randomly selected from a population of 3200 adults employee.Variables of exercise, nutritional eating practices, and smoking behavior were examined to determine if a relationship existed between the variables and perceived barriers and benefits. Individual items measured the frequency of the variables.Three-way analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a relationship between exercise and perceived barriers and benefits. Chi Square Goodness of Fit demonstrated that age evidenced a significance relationship with exercise.The findings of the study revealed a relationship between the Health Promotion Model and exercise and perceived barriers and perceived benefits.<br>School of Nursing
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Williams, Jennifer L. "ADVICE, INFLUENCE, AND INDEPENDENCE: ADOLESCENT NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AND OUTCOMES IN BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/9.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this dissertation is to discuss relationships between the sociocultural environment and nutritional status outcomes in an urban industrialized city with high rates of poverty. The purpose is to highlight the complex web of factors shaping nutritional status outcomes and move beyond cause and effect approaches to nutrition in an environment where obesity is a central nutritional concern. To accomplish this goal, I examine a range of factors that relate to adolescent nutritional practices and nutritional status outcomes in a sample population of adolescents living in Belfast, Northern Ireland. I discuss connections between social locations such as age, gender, geographic area, and socioeconomic status. I also highlight the range of nutritional status outcomes observed in the sample population, while examining broader social, political, and economic aspects of the lives of adolescents that differentially shape nutrition-related experiences in the city. Finally, I demonstrate that adolescents occupy a complex social location in which autonomy, advice, and influence from sociocultural and political-economic factors shape their diet and exercise practices and nutritional status outcomes in multi-faceted, and at times unexpected, ways. In doing so, I emphasize the benefits of a localized, rather than a globalized approach to nutritional concerns such as obesity.
17
Miller, Carolee. "Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for modifying the nutritional practices of college students." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53646.
Full textAbstract:
Appropriate nutrition is linked to the prevention of several major diseases, yet over 50% of Americans do not eat diets sufficient in the necessary proportions of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Increased interest in health prevention has led to the development of a variety of programs designed to change dietary habits. Most have been only marginally successful. One explanation for their failure is the lack of consideration given to the characteristics of the targeted population in the development of the programs. In this study, a five week multicomponent intervention was designed using marketing and psychological principles to increase the selection of dinner entrees low in fat, calories, and sugar and to improve participants‘ knowledge of and attitude toward appropriate nutrition. Subjects were 8600 students who ate in the dining halls of a large southeastern university. The study investigated the additive effectiveness of three intervention components in three dining halls. One dining hall received availability; the second, availability plus point of choice information; the third, availability‘ plus point of choice information plus an incentive program. The results were derived from three separate sources: cafeteria data, survey data, and individual data. Cafeteria results were not significant. Inspection of daily selection data revealed wide fluctuation in selection across entrees, indicating dramatic changes in student preferences. Inspection of weekly selection means revealed that the incentive program combined with increased availability and point of choice information was initially effective in increasing the selection of the Perfect Balance entree. Prompting was the most effective intervention, yielding an average increase of 31.5% in selection of the Perfect Balance entree. Survey data indicated a minor increase in knowledge in. the information condition. Across all conditions there was a decrease in self-efficacy. Forty-four individuals were involved in a tracking project designed to assess whether the aggregate impact of the interventions reflected consistent change within specific individuals or intermittent change across all individuals. Analyses indicated a significant increase in selection behavior across time ( p <.05). The condition by phase interaction approached significance ( p =.07). The greatest change occurred in the incentive condition with a 16% increase, compared to a .3% increase in the information condition, and a 2.5% increase in the availability condition. The social marketing analysis of the study reveals several important barriers to change: resistance from staff and administration, poor quality entrees, student distrust of the dining hall administration, and limited availability of certain entrees.<br>Ph. D.
18
MacDougall, Caida. "Growth and nutritional status of formula-fed infants aged 2-10 weeks in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2573.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>INTRODUCTION: Since the start of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child
Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at Dr George Mukhari Hospital in
2001, there has been no evaluation of the effect of formula feeding on the
growth and dietary intakes of enrolled infants.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the short-term growth,
anthropometry and dietary intake of infants from two to ten weeks of age
were entered into the PMTCT Programme at the Department of Human
Nutrition at Dr George Mukhari Hospital from two to ten weeks of age.
METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal (eight weeks duration)
study. Anthropometric assessment including length and head
circumference was performed at two weeks of age and thereafter at ten
weeks of age. Weight measurement was performed at age two weeks
(visit 1), six weeks (visit 2) and ten weeks (visit 3). Anthropometric
measurements were compared with CDC 20003 growth charts. Feeding
practices and dietary intake (24 hour diet recall interview) were assessed
at each of the four week interval visits and evaluated according to the
DRIs59. At the third visit, a socio-demographic interview and a usual food
intake interview were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 151 [male (N = 75) and female (N = 76)] infants
completed the study. A total of 110 (72%) mothers resided in the
Soshanguve area and 138 (91%) of the mothers had attended high school.
The majority (75%) of mothers was not generating an income from
employment. Generally, mothers had access to safe drinking water and all
(99%) but two mothers used pre-boiled water before preparing infant
formula. The accuracy and correctness of reconstituting infant formula
decreased with each visit as feeds were increasingly made too dilute. A
total of 124 (82%) infants were exclusively formula fed. The remainder
received water, water with sugar and/or complementary feeds. Mean
energy and macronutrient intakes of both males (N = 65, 87%) and females (N = 61, 80%) were below recommendations at age two weeks.
Of all the macronutrients, fats were consumed the least by both males (N =
67, 89%) and females (N = 66, 87%) at visit 1. Catch up growth was
evident and nutrient intakes improved as the study progressed. The mean
weight gain of all infants from visit 1 to 2 was 1.2 (SD 0.3) kg and 0.9 (SD
0.3) kg from visit 2 to 3 (exceeding the CDC 20003 recommendation for
both male and female infants). The incidence of underweight, wasting and
head circumference-for-age below the third percentile decreased from visit
1 to 3, but the number of stunted infants increased towards visit 3. The
majority of infants in this study grew well in their first ten weeks of life.
Growth accelerated as infants became older and growth faltering improved
by ten weeks of age.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the growth of the infants referred to the PMTCT
Programme at the Department of Human Nutrition at Dr George Mukhari
Hospital would appear to be adequate but mothers’ approach to formula
feeding practices needs to be improved in some aspects of feeding their
infants.
19
Bandy, Jessica Brown. "Wellness and Nutrition Education Program to Promote Improve Nutritional Practices and Decreased Body Mass in Individuals Working in a Health Care Setting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2093.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a wellness and nutrition education program directed at employees of a health care facility would result in changes in weight, waist and hip circumference, BMI, and nutritional practices. Nine participants completed the five week program including final weight, measurements and post-program survey to determine nutritional practices. All participants attended weekly group classes with topics related to nutrition, physical activity, and behavior changes. Changes in weight, anthropometric measurements, and BMI were calculated. Changes in nutritional practices were analyzed using Minitab statistical software. There were improvements made in weight, anthropometric measurements, and BMI during the program. The improvements in nutritional practices were not significant.
20
Goudet, Sophie. "Infant and young children's nutritional health and feeding practices in relation to flooding in Bangladesh." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8505.
Full textAbstract:
Bangladesh is one of the poorest developing countries in the world where infant and young children (IYC) suffer from extremely high levels of malnutrition resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. IYC are defined here as birth to 3 years old. Due to the double burden of climate variability and urbanisation, longer and more severe floods affect people living in urban slums, with IYC being highly vulnerable. Insufficient research exists into understanding the mechanisms leading to poor nutritional child health related to flooding in urban slums. Maternal nutritional status associated with infant and child health has been established previously, but rarely in the aftermath of a flood. This study explores, 1) whether maternal nutritional status measured soon after a flood can predict the current nutritional status and the risk for future deterioration of nutritional status of their children, 2) the impact of flooding on IYC feeding practices during flooding compared to non-flooding and the coping strategies developed by caretakers in urban slums, 3) the perceptions of root causes of malnutrition including flooding for IYC living in urban slums and 4) develops a pilot study for an intervention to tackle malnutrition in IYC living in urban slums. The research uses 1) quantitative data (n=143, secondary analysis of data collected after the 1998 flood in Bangladesh) to answer the first research question, and 2) a mixed method approach of qualitative data (participant observation n=24, semi-structured interviews n=23 (18 mothers, 5 community health workers), and focus group discussions n=10) and quantitative data (household questionnaire n=23 and anthropometric measurements n=55 for IYC and n=23 for mothers and community health workers) collected in slums in Dhaka to answer the second and third research questions. A new technique is used to answer question three. This technique is based on existing methods for the building of a causal model combined with a pile sorting of photographs to understand the root causes and processes leading to malnutrition. The participants of the mixed method were mothers, pregnant women and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) community health workers living and working in the slums. The key findings are: 1) maternal nutritional status measured soon after a flood can predict the current nutritional status and the risk for future deterioration of nutritional status of their children, 2) feeding practices for IYC deteriorate during flooding in Dhaka slums, 3) the coping strategies of IYC caretakers are limited and their resilience capacity to floods is low, 4) there is a good perception of the root causes of malnutrition by participants living in Dhaka slums but feeding practices are not meeting the WHO guidelines due to barriers, limitations and poor knowledge, and 5) there is a need for a pilot project to test the feasibility of an intervention aiming at improving IYC nutritional health and feeding practices. This research deepens the understanding of coping strategies for feeding practices and perceived roots of malnutrition for IYC living in urban slums exposed to flooding. It brings evidence of the interactions between coping strategies and nutritional health in relation to flooding. It also casts new anthropological light onto the series of existing studies and previous research essentially focused on the flood event itself. As a result, the research leads to recommendations for risk reduction strategies and nutrition promotion for flood exposed populations with infants and young children.
21
Shapiro, Sheryl Lynn 1961. "NUTRITION AND HEALTH PRACTICES: A STUDY OF HOW SOURCES OF NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION, NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND MOTIVATING FACTORS TOWARD PREVENTIVE HEALTH CONTRIBUTE TO THE ADEQUACY OF THE HEALTHY ELDERLY DIET." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291265.
Full text
22
Harpole, Douglas N. "Terrestrial Salamanders in southern Appalachain Harwood Forests: Relative Abundance, Nutritional Condition, and Response to Silvicultural Practices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42710.
Full textAbstract:
We compared techniques for assessing nutritional condition in 3 groups of terrestrial salamanders. We measured variability in species richness and relative abundance before harvest at 5 sites in the Jefferson National Forest of southwest Virginia and compared the effects of 7 silvicultural treatments on terrestrial salamander richness and relative abundance at 1 site.<br>Master of Science
23
Girma, Beshah. "The influence of schooling on the nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of Ethiopian school children and mothers." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39307.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of schooling on nutritional knowledge, attitudes and nutritional outcomes in Ethiopia was investigated. Data were obtained in late 1989 in Debre Birhan in Shoa province from three groups: 267 mothers, 114 clinic users and six primary schools with a total of 528 students. Mothers and students were administered tests measuring nutritional knowledge and attitudes. The nutritional status of children age 6-31 months was evaluated by measurement of the weight and height. Schooling, particularly upper secondary schooling, was found significantly influence nutritional knowledge and nutritional outcomes. A causal model is presented which suggests that modern nutritional knowledge, together with the educational level of the mother, is immensely important in influencing nutritional practices. The study suggests that while schooling influences nutritional knowledge and nutritional outcomes, greater attention must be given to improving instruction in nutrition at the primary and lower secondary level.
24
Keys, Sybil L. "Nutritional knowledge, locus of control and dietary practices of college athletes from a NCAA division one university." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845957.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrition knowledge, Locus of Control, and dietary practices were assessed and compared among male and female athletes at Ball State University with the goal of designing an appropriate nutrition education program. Members of the men's basketball (n=ll), track (n=12) and women's basketball (n=12) and track (n=14) teams were selected as participants in this study. Each participant was required to complete nutrition knowledge, Locus of Control and food frequency questionnaires in addition to completing three 24-hour food recalls on separate occasions.Comparison between gender revealed that female athletes had greater nutrition knowledge levels than male athletes. Women averaged only 90% of advisable caloric intake whereas men exceeded their advisable caloric intake.Male athletes were found not to have better dietary practices than female athletes as previous research suggest. In fact, males exceeded the percent of advisable intake of protein and fat. While, women exceeded advisable protein intake, they consumed less than the maximum advisable fat intake.Comparisons made between sport form revealed two trends: (1) track athletes had greater nutrition knowledge than basketball players and (2) track athletes tended to consume a greater percent of kcalorie intake as protein than basketball athletes.It can be concluded from this study that greater nutrition education should be given to male athletes to encourage lower fat and protein intake. Female athletes need to be educated in the areas of approximate caloric and protein intake. All the athletes need to be educated in general nutrition and nutrition as it relates to physical activity. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of Locus of Control on the dietary practices of both male and female athletes.<br>Institute for Wellness
25
Brown, Melissa Judith. "The development of a nutrition education programme for parental feeding styles and practices." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7999.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Many low- and middle-income countries are faced with a rise in the double burden of malnutrition
- undernutrition and overweight/obesity. Nutrition-related factors contribute to approximately 45%
of deaths in children under five years (mainly due to undernutrition) globally, while low- and
middle-income countries are simultaneously witnessing a rise in childhood overweight and
obesity. In 2016, an estimated 41 million children under the age of five in low- and middle-income
countries were overweight or obese, while 155 million were chronically undernourished. In Africa
alone, the estimated prevalence of overweight and obese children in 2010 was 8.5%, expected to
reach 12.7% in 2020. In comparison, globally, one in nine people are either hungry or
undernourished, while one in three people are overweight.<br>2024
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Sivaramakrishnan, Malathi. "Reasoning about causality and treatment of childhood nutritional deficiencies in rural India : role of indigenous knowledge and practices." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70231.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the relative influence of traditional and biomedical theories of health and disease on the reasoning about childhood nutritional problems by mothers in rural South India. Mothers with different levels of schooling, traditional practitioners, and medical experts were interviewed. Their explanations of nutritional problems were verbally recorded and analysed using methods of cognitive analyses.<br>Nutritional concepts and their interpretations given in the mothers' explanations matched that of the traditional theory of Siddha medicine, prevalent in South India. With an increase in formal education, there was an increase in the use of concepts derived from modern biomedical theory. However, the mothers exhibited little understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Implications of these findings for designing nutrition and health education are discussed, in relation to knowledge reorganization to replace harmful concepts and relations with beneficial ones.
27
Zhang, Nan. "Parental migration, care-giving practices and left-behind children's nutritional health in rural China : a mixed-methods approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/parental-migration-caregiving-practices-and-leftbehind-childrens-nutritional-health-in-rural-china-a-mixedmethods-approach(e902bf74-1d86-4395-b088-5529265f7941).html.
Full textAbstract:
China’s rural-urban migration has resulted in 61 million children living apart from their parent(s) in rural communities. Previous studies have failed to examine the long-term effects of parental migration on left-behind children’s nutritional health, and have not examined the gender differences (of parents and children) in those associations. This research uses a mixed-methods design that incorporates quantitative and qualitative techniques to explore links between parental migration, care-giving arrangements and left-behind children’s nutritional health in rural China. The quantitative analyses draw on a longitudinal dataset – the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2009) to examine the relationships between children’s nutritional outcomes and different patterns of parental migration including being left behind in different stages of childhood, and being left behind by the father or the mother. The qualitative component consists of analyses of interviews with 32 caregivers (21 grandparents, 9 mothers, and 2 uncles/aunts), and children’s diaries (26 children aged 6-12, 21 left-behind children and 5 non-left-behind children) to explore the care-giving practices for left-behind children from the perspectives of a group of children and their caregivers in rural northern central China. Results of the quantitative analyses show negative associations between parental migration, especially maternal migration, and left-behind children’s nutritional outcomes indicated by anthropometric measures and macronutrient intakes, and this is particularly true for boys left behind during early life in rural China. The qualitative findings highlight the importance of socio-cultural factors, since there seems to be a paradox of intergenerational obligations for boys in a culture where sons are more valued than daughters. This is because parents migrate to save for their sons’ adult lives, reducing the remittances sent to support their sons who stay behind. There is less pressure to save for daughters’ adult lives and so more potential for remittances to support their nutrition. The research also recognizes the importance of grandparents as carers, and their experiences and beliefs about healthy eating for children. Grandparents, particularly on the paternal side, are expected to fulfil social obligations to care for left-behind grandchildren even without immediate financial returns. Inadequate financial support from the migrant parents of left-behind boys in rural China, in particular boys cared for by paternal grandparents, may result in greater risk of poor nutrition during the early childhood. This potentially renders such left-behind boys vulnerable to developmental delays. These findings are important for policy-makers to develop effective interventions to improve left-behind children’s nutritional well-being in rural China.
28
Wasserfall, Estelle. "Growth patterns and nutrition-related problems of infants under one year attending Red Cross Children's Hospital's antiretroviral clinic and the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of their caregivers, concerning infant feeding." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17969.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction
A paucity of data exists regarding growth patterns and nutrition-related problems in infants (<12 months) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the infant feeding knowledge, beliefs, attitude and
practices of their caregivers.
Aim
To describe the growth and nutrition-related problems of infants (<12 months) attending the
Antiretroviral (ARV) clinic at Red Cross Children’s Hospital, as well as the knowledge, attitudes,
beliefs and practices of their caregivers concerning infant feeding.
Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with census sampling. Thirty infants and 31
caregivers were included in the sample.
Anthropometric measurements were performed and interviewer-administered questionnaires
were utilised to obtain the knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices of the caregivers. The
mean Z-score of each measurement as well as the weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-forlength
and bodymass index-for-age for each infant were determined, analysed, interpreted and
described according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) growth standards for children.
Results
Thirty-nine percent (n=11) of the mothers (n=28) did not receive infant feeding counselling prior
to delivery, while only 9 (32%) received the minimum number of at least 4 sessions, as
prescribed by the Department of Health. It was not assessed whether the counselling occurred
before delivery.
The mean age of the infants was 6.9 (SD 3.3) months. Eighty-three percent (n=25) had an
opportunistic infection prior to data collection. Twenty-three percent (n=7) were underweight-forage
and 40% (n=12) of the infants were stunted. Vomiting and diarrhoea were the most common nutrition-related problems experienced. A statistical significant positive correlation
(p=0.003) was found between an infant’s duration on ART and W/A z-score.
Only two caregivers were breastfeeding at the time of data collection, but 34% (n=10) of the
other caregivers had at some stage breastfed their infant. Formula feeding practices were poor.
Sixty-two percent (n=18) were not preparing the feeds correctly and only six (21%) were
correctly cleaning and sterilising the bottles. Thirty-nine percent (n=11) of the infants were not
receiving an adequate amount of milk per day. Sixty-five percent (n=11) of the infants (>six months) did not receive a diet the previous day which met the minimum WHO dietary diversity
indicator and only 18% (n=3) received a minimum acceptable diet.
Caregivers had an average knowledge concerning infant feeding. Thirteen percent (n=4) knew
the correct definition of exclusive breast- or formula feeding. Sixty-eight percent (n=21) did not
know what mixed feeding meant, or the dangers associated with it. Most caregivers (n=25,
81%) knew that oral rehydration solution had to be given when infants developed diarrhoea, but
only 48% (n=15) knew how to prepare it and only 6% (n=2) knew how to administer it. Seventy-five
percent (n=9) of caregivers did not know what should be done when experiencing breast
problems.
Sixty-four percent (n=19) of the caregivers believed that if a HIV-positive woman breastfeeds
she would definitely transmit HIV to her infant.
Conclusion
The infant sample showed a variety of erratic growth patterns with a high prevalence of
underweight and stunting. Infant feeding knowledge of caregivers was average, but not deemed
sufficient to translate into appropriate, safe and optimal infant feeding practices. The
breastfeeding prevalence was low. Formula preparation, feeding and hygiene practices were
poor and dietary intake of infants was not optimal. The quality and quantity of HIV infant feeding
counselling sessions received at antenatal clinic visits were poor and need to be addressed.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding
Daar is 'n tekort aan data oor groeipatrone en voedingsverwante probleme by babas (<12 maande) op antiretrovirale behandeling asook die babavoedingkennis, -oortuigings, -houdings
en -praktyke van hul versorgers.
Doelwit
Om ondersoek in te stel na die groei- en voedingsverwante probleme by babas (<12 maande)
in die antiretrovirale kliniek by Rooikruis-kinderhospitaal, sowel as die babavoedingkennis, -
oortuigings, -houdings en -praktyke van hul versorgers.
Metodes
'n Beskrywende dwarssnitstudie is met sensussteekproefneming onderneem. Dertig babas en
31 versorgers is by die steekproef ingesluit.
Antropometriese metings was gedoen en onderhoude was met behulp van vraelyste gevoer ten
einde inligting oor die versorgers se kennis, houdings, oortuigings en praktyke te bekom. Elke
baba se gemiddelde z-telling per meting sowel as die gewig-vir-ouderdom, lengte-vir-ouderdom
en liggaamsmassa-indeks-vir-ouderdom was volgens die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie
(WGO) se groeistandaarde vir kindersbepaal, ontleed, vertolk en beskryf.
Resultate
Altesaam 39% (n=11) van die moeders (n=28) het nie voor die bevalling voorligting oor
babavoeding ontvang nie, terwyl slegs 9 (32%) die Departement van Gesondheid se
voorgeskrewe minimum 4 sessies, deurloop het. Dit was nie bepaal of hierdie sessies voor die
bevalling ontvang was nie. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die babas was 6,9 (standaardafwyking 3,3) maande. 'n Totaal
van 83% (n=25) het voor data-insameling 'n opportunistiese infeksie gehad, 23% (n=7) was
ondergewig-vir-ouderdom, en 40% (n=12) van die babas se lengtegroei was ingekort. Die
algemeenste voedingsverwante probleme was braking en diarree. Daar blyk 'n statisties
beduidende positiewe korrelasie (p=0.003) te wees tussen die duur van die baba se antiretrovirale
behandeling en sy/haar gewig-vir-ouderdom-z-telling.
Slegs twee versorgers het hul babas ten tyde van die studie geborsvoed, hoewel 34% (n=10)
van die versorgers in 'n stadium geborsvoed het. Voedingspraktyke met die gee van
melkformule was swak. Altesaam 62% (n=18) het die melkformule verkeerd aangemaak en
slegs ses (21%) het die bottels behoorlik skoongemaak en gesteriliseer. Nege-en-dertig persent
(n=11) van die babas het te min melk per dag ontvang. Vyf-en-sestig persent (n=11) van die
babas (>6 maande) se melkinname die vorige dag het nie aan die minimum WGO aanbevole
dieetdiversiteitsaanwyser voldoen nie, en slegs 18% (n=3) het 'n minimum aanvaarbare dieet
gevolg.
Versorgers se kennis ten opsigte van babavoeding was gemiddeld, met net 13% (n=4) wat die
korrekte omskrywing van eksklusiewe bors- of formulevoeding geken het. 'n Totaal van 68%
(n=21) het nie geweet wat gemengde voeding beteken of watter gevare dit inhou nie. Die
meeste versorgers (n=25, 81%) het geweet dat orale rehidrasie oplossing toegedien moet word
wanneer babas aan diarree ly, maar slegs 48% (n=15) het geweet hoe om dit aan te maak en 'n
skrale 6% (n=2) hoe om dit toe te dien. Vyf-en-sewentig persent (n=9) van die versorgers het nie
geweet wat om te doen as hulle probleme met hul borste ervaar nie.
Altesaam 64% (n=19) van die versorgers het geglo dat 'n MIV-positiewe vrou definitief haar baba
MIV sal gee indien sy hom/haar sou borsvoed.
Samevatting
Die steekproef babas het 'n verskeidenheid onreëlmatige groeipatrone getoon en baie was
ondergewig of het ook dwerggroei getoon. Versorgers se kennis van babavoeding was
gemiddeld, maar nie voldoende om tot toepaslike, veilige en optimale babavoedingspraktyke
aanleiding te gee nie. Die voorkoms van borsvoeding was laag. Melkformulevoorbereiding, -
voeding en -higiëne was swak, en babas se voedinginname was nie ideaal nie. Die gehalte van en hoeveelheid voorligting oor MIV-babavoeding met besoeke aan voorgeboorteklinieke was
swak en moet aangespreek word.
29
Paul, Yvonne. "Exercise practices, dietary habits and medication usage among persons with Type-I diabetes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28990.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to gain insight into the exercise practices, in conjunction with dietary habits and medication routine of insulin dependent diabetics. The study design adopted for the study was that of descriptive and analytical survey. The gathering of data was conducted over a period of seven months using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, which was administered to 200 insulin dependent diabetics utilizing the outpatient facilities at 12 hospitals in Kwa-Zulu Natal. In determining the respondent's attitude towards exercise, the significant (p<0.001) overall majority (85%) had a positive attitude towards exercise. In probing the perceived efficacy of exercise as a therapeutic modality, a significant (p<0.001) majority (93%) of the respondents stated that exercise/sport is beneficial to a diabetic. Of the overall sample, the significant (p<0.001) majority (68%) of respondents were active participants in exercise (exercisers) versus 32% who were not active (non-exercisers). The profile of the exercisers indicated that the significant (p<0.001) majority participated in exercise of an aerobic type at frequency of 4 or more times per week, at an intensity eliciting an approximate heart rate of between 110 to 130 beats per minute corresponding with an RPE of 11 to 13, for a duration of 20 to 45 minutes. A significant (p<0.001) overall majority (98%) stated that a good diet is an important factor when trying to achieve near normoglycemia. In probing the respondent's knowledge as to what group certain types of food belong to, an overall significant (p<0.001) majority (82%) was accurate in this regard, while significantly (p<0.1) more exercisers (84%) were aware of correct food grouping than non-exercisers (67%). In probing their knowledge of the normal range of blood glucose levels, an overall significant (p<0.001) number of respondents (66%) stated a correct response, while exercisers (67%) were significantly (p<0.1) more knowledgeable than non-exercisers (52%) in this regard. The significant (p<0.001) majority of respondents injected themselves three and more times a day (54%), before meals (71%), in the thigh (35%) and abdominal areas (48%), as opposed to the gluteal area (10%) and the arm (8%). The mean overall dosage of long-acting insulin (12.2 units) and short-acting insulin (10.5 units) for lunch was significantly lower (p<0.1) than for breakfast and supper, however there was no significant difference (p>0.1) between the breakfast and supper dosages. The same pattern was observed for non-exercisers and exercisers. The respondent's knowledge of good diabetic management goals reflected that a significant (p<0.001) overall majority (83%) were aware that diet, insulin and exercise are all important constituents in obtaining good diabetic management, while significantly (p<0.1) more exercisers (84%) than non-exercisers (71%) were aware of this. A significant (p<0.001) majority (83%) of non-exercises stated that they were willing to participate in exercise, but cited time constraints and physical discomfort, inter-alia, as antecedents to non-participation. In conclusion, the results indicated that the provision of educational support for insulin dependent diabetics to overcome the perceived barriers to exercise would increase participation, enhance appropriate exercise prescription and compliance to this important aspect of the diabetic regimen.<br>Dissertation (MA (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2002.<br>Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Kruger, Rozanne. "Feeding practices and nutritional status of children (aged 0 to 3 years) in two clinics in the Moretele district." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24066.
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Isaacs, Roshan. "Comparison of physical activity practices and dietary habits of health club members and community controls in Khayelitsha, Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4386_1256889698.
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<p>Chronic diseases pose public health concerns globally with an increasing trend in developing countries. The development of interventions to minimize or prevent the burden associated with chronic diseases has therefore become a necessity. In 2002 the School of Public Health of the University of the Western Cape developed a health club intervention in Khayelitsha. This intervention focused on promoting healthy lifestyles, particularly improved diet and physical activity. The objectives of this study was to determine whether members were more physically active than non-members and to determine whether members made healthier dietary choices than non-members.</p>
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Contreras, Mariela. "Child nutrition in rural Nicaragua : Population-based studies in a transitional society." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248702.
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Emerging favourable as well as unfavourable nutrition patterns are observed in societies undergoing rapid social and economic change. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the associations between household and maternal resources and infant and young child feeding habits and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua, a low-income transitional society. All households (n=1,500) in Los Cuatro Santos with at least one child (0-3 y) were visited to collect information on feeding of the youngest child. Children´s anthropometry was also measured using standardised World Health Organisation (WHO) techniques. Validated instruments were used to assess household and maternal resources. All instruments had been adapted to the local context and piloted in a nearby community. The education of the mother showed more independent variation in the studied outcomes. The odds for exclusive breastfeeding were highest in infants aged 0 to 5 months of mothers with the lowest education. Further, children aged 6 to 35 months with lowest educated mothers were less likely to consume highly processed snacks (HP snacks) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). They were also less likely to be exposed to a double burden of suboptimal feeding (concurrent unmet WHO recommended feeding practices and consumption of HP snacks or SSBs). However, children aged 6 to 35 months were more prone to infrequently meet dietary diversity and to more shortness. Children in the same age group with lower educated mothers were also shorter in households with the lowest housing quality. Higher level of maternal education contributed both favourably and unfavourably to child feeding and nutrition. This was reflected in more and less frequent practice of the WHO feeding indicators, but also in more frequent children´s consumption of HP snacks and SSBs. Higher maternal education was associated with taller children, even in households with the lowest housing quality.
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Kobe, Judith A. "Aspects of nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses working at the surgical division at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1514.
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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>INTRODUCTION: Adequate nutrition is required for patients to improve and maintain their health. Nurses are in one of the best positions to ensure adequate nutrition because of their holistic caring role. The aim of the study was to determine aspects of the current nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of registered nurses towards nutritional management of patients.
RESEARCH METHODS: This was a descriptive and observational study. One hundred and one out of 160 Kenyan registered nurses working at the surgical division at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya successfully completed the study representing a 63% response rate. The 47-item validated questionnaire consisted of 9 socio-demographic questions, 13 questions on nutrition knowledge, 13 questions on attitude and 12 questions on nurses’ practices.
RESULTS: The general performance of the registered nurses on the selected aspects of knowledge, attitudes and practices was overall poor. They contradicted themselves on their beliefs in relation to their practices. They did not know their primary role in nutrition care, neither did they know the role played by dietitians/nutritionists and doctors. Twenty-six percent of the registered nurses strongly agreed that it was the nurses’ responsibility to assess the nutritional status of patients compared to 72% who strongly agreed it was the dietitians’/nutritionists’ responsibility and 24% who strongly agreed it was the doctors' responsibility. Eighty-two percent reported that they would refer patients to a dietitian/nutritionist, 18% that they would discuss diet options with the patients, while none of the registered nurses would consult the doctor if they felt that the patient was not receiving adequate nutrition. Seventy-five percent of them suggested that nutritional care of patients could be improved by adopting a multidisciplinary approach and 18% by catering staff feeding the patients. Only 28% reported that nutritional issues were included in ward rounds. Although 72% of the registered nurses reported that it was important to weigh patients on admission, only 43% reported actually weighing patients, of which 59% weighed patients for medication purposes and only 18% weighed patients for nutritional status assessment. The overall nutritional knowledge score was graded as average (57%). The poorest scores were noted for knowledge on clinical nutrition questions (14%) and the highest scores for knowledge on basic nutrition questions (91%).
CONCLUSION: Although the nurses regarded nutritional care of patients as important, their practices seemed to contradict their attitudes. Considering the responsibility the nurses are entrusted with regarding patient nutritional care, their current knowledge, attitudes and practices towards nutritional care is a cause for concern. The results of this study provide a basis for continuous nutrition education, well-designed protocols for nutritional status assessment by registered nurses and efforts directed towards improved clinical practice.
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Kriek, Louise. "Using South African food companies’ nutrition strategies and consumer knowledge, attitudes and practices pertaining to nutrition information, to develop guidelines for the promotion of the prevention of chronic diseases of lifestyle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4605.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>Embargo expiry date: 2010-07-31 plt 2010<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The prevalence of chronic diseases of lifestyle such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are increasing worldwide due to changes in lifestyle patterns, including changes in the food consumption patterns of consumers. There are numerous players who need to be involved in addressing current lifestyle patterns and in encouraging positive behaviour change. Food companies have a role in evaluating the composition of the products that they offer, as well as in educating consumers with regard to healthy eating practices through both the on-pack information that they supply and in their nutrition strategies and programmes.
The main objective of the study was to investigate the nutrition strategies that food companies in South Africa use to communicate with the consumers and to compare it with the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the consumers towards the nutrition information that they receive. The secondary objective was to develop guidelines for food companies in their promotion of the prevention of chronic diseases of lifestyle.
Methodology
The study population consisted of a sample of 7 food companies operating in South Africa and a sample of 230 South African consumers. Data were collected through test questionnaires aimed at each specific study population. The data were analysed statistically for each study population and the data between the two study populations were compared.
Results
Most food companies that participated stated that they have a nutrition strategy which outlines their consumer communication policy, but none of these were made available to the researcher. Seventy-one percent of the food companies also indicated that they address chronic diseases of lifestyle in their nutrition strategies, with cardiovascular disease being the main focus. The medium used most frequently by food companies for nutrition education of the consumer is the food label. The majority of food companies agree that they do have a responsibility towards the education of the consumer, but stated that it is not solely their responsibility.
Ninety-six percent of consumers read (always or sometimes) the labels of food products when making a purchase. The older the consumer, the more unlikely they are to read the ingredients statement on the label. Consumers are most concerned with cardiovascular disease when purchasing food products. Ninety-five percent of consumers agreed that food companies have a responsibility towards them with regard to nutrition education. The consumers indicated that they prefer food labels and television as the medium for nutrition education, but that they trust doctors and nutritionists the most to relay nutrition messages.
Conclusion
Consumer education on the prevention of chronic diseases of lifestyle is essential if the behaviour change, necessary to address their rising prevalence, is to become a part of consumers’ lifestyles. Food companies should be actively involved with consumer education pertaining to healthy eating and healthy lifestyle habits. Communication with regard to nutrition education is critical and should be consistent with an integrated approach involving all the role players including the food industry, the Department of Health (DOH) and the Department of Education (DOE).<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prevalensie van kroniese lewensstyl siektes soos hartvatsiektes, kanker, tipe 2 diabetes mellitus en vetsug is wêreldwyd aan die toeneem weens ’n verandering in die lewenstyl van verbruikers wat ’n weer ‘n verandering in eetgewoontes teweeg bring. Daar is verskeie rolspelers betrokke wat ’n bydrae kan lewer om die huidige lewensstyl patrone van verbruikers aan te spreek en om positiewe gedragsveranderinge te bevorder. Voedselmaatskappye speel ‘n tweeledige rol: deur die samestelling van voedselprodukte wat hulle versprei te evalueer, en deur die verbruiker op te voed oor gesonde eetgewoontes. Maatskappye se voedingstrategieë en programme, asook die verpakking van produkte, kan gebruik word om voedingsinligting te verskaf. Die studie se hoof doelwit was om die voedingstrategieё te ondersoek wat deur voedselmaatskappye in Suid Afrika gebruik word en om dit te vergelyk met die kennis, houding en praktyke van die verbruiker teenoor voedingsinligting wat hulle ontvang. Die sekondêre doelwit was om riglyne vir voedselmaatskappye te ontwikkel ter ondersteuning van die maatskappye se inisiatiewe om kroniese lewensstyl siektes te voorkom.
Metodologie
Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit ’n steekproef van 7 voedselmaatskappye wat in Suid Afrika werksaam is en ‘n steekproef van 230 Suid Afrikaanse verbruikers. Data is ingesamel deur twee uitgetoetsde vraelyste te gebruik wat spesifiek geteiken was vir elke studie populasie. Die data is statisties geanaliseer vir elke studie populasie en die studie populasies is ook met mekaar vergelyk.
Resultate
Die meeste voedselmaatskappye wat deelgeneem het aan die studie verklaar dat hulle ‘n voedingstrategie het wat die wyse waarop daar met die verbruiker kommunikeer word uitstippel, nogtans was geeneen van die voedingstrategieë beskikbaar gestel aan die navorser nie. Een en sewentig persent van die voedselmaatskappye het ook aangedui dat kroniese lewensstyl siektes aangespreek word in hul voedingstrategieë en dat daar gefokus word op hartvatsiektes. Voedselmaatskappye gee voorkeur aan die voedseletiket as medium vir voedingvoorligting aan die verbruiker. Die meeste voedselmaatskappye het saamgestem dat hul wel ‘n verantwoordelikheid het teenoor die verbruiker ten opsigte van voedingvoorligting, maar beskou dit nie as uitsluitlik hul verantwoordelikheid nie.
Ses en negentig persent van die verbruikers lees voedsel etikette (altyd of soms) wanneer hul aankope doen. Dit blyk dat die ouer verbruiker minder geneig is om die bestanddelelys te lees. Verbruikers is oorwegend bekommerd oor hartvatsiektes wanneer hulle voedselaankope doen. Vyf en negentig persent van die verbruikers stem saam dat voedselmaatskappye ‘n verantwoordelikheid het teenoor verbruikers ten opsigte van voedingvoorligting. Die verbruikers gee voorkeur aan die voedsel etiket en televisie as mediums vir voedingvoorligting, maar hul vertrou meestal op dokters en voedingkundiges om die voedingboodskappe oor te dra.
Gevolgtrekking
Om gedragsverandering by verbruikers mee te bring met die oog daarop om die toename in kroniese lewensstyl siektes aan te spreek, is dit essensiëel om die verbruiker toe te rus met die nodige kennis oor die voorkoming van kroniese lewenstyl siektes. Voedselmaatskappye behoort aktief betrokke wees by verbruiker opvoeding oor gesonde leef- en eetgewoontes. Kommunikasie ten opsigte van voedingvoorligting moet konsekwent wees en ‘n geїntegreerde benadering moet deur alle rolspelers gevolg word, insluitende voedselmaatskappye, die Departement Gesondheid en die Onderwysdepartement.
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Matji, Joan Nteboheleng. "Association between postnatal maternal nutritional status, maternal HIV disease progression and infant feeding practices in 4 clinics in Pretoria, South Africa." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03082010-090805/.
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Varghese, Suja. "Nutrition related knowledge, attitudes, practices and needs of Indian immigrants and family members in Newfoundland /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/MQ54913.pdf.
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Frost, Anna. "Determining the practices and beliefs regarding nutritional supplement use in an urban adult population attending a medical centre in Rondebosch East, Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97238.
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Background
Empirical research on how and why nutritional supplements (including vitamin/mineral supplements and herbal supplements) are being taken by middle-income populations in South Africa is lacking. This study quantifies the types of nutritional supplements being taken. It unpacks beliefs regarding benefits and risks. This information is useful for healthcare practitioners in similar settings as it could affect their practice of history taking and alert practitioners to the need to know more about nutritional supplement benefits and risks. The information could be used to influence policy regarding advertising and labelling of nutritional supplements.
Method
The study was a cross-sectional survey. An anonymous self-completed structured questionnaire was completed by 123 participants attending a medical centre during the data collection period. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 16 participants to gather qualitative information.
Results
Nutritional supplements were widely taken in this questionnaire sample (59%). Consumption was not related to age, language, ethnic group, education and smoking, but nutritional supplements were more commonly used by women and higher income groups. Women who felt they had fair/poor health, women with chronic medical conditions, especially those with depression or women on chronic prescription medication were more likely to take nutritional supplements than those without these characteristics.
Wellness, treating tiredness and short-term disease prevention were the most common reasons for taking the supplements, although research proving these benefits is lacking. Chronic disease prevention was an uncommon reason for consumption. Participants were mostly unaware of possible drug interactions and side-effects and therefore felt it unnecessary to inform their practitioner of consumption habits.
Conclusion
Healthcare professionals should include a nutritional supplement question in their routine history taking, especially when prescribing chronic medication and in the presence of chronic conditions. They should be knowledgeable regarding efficacy, safety, possible side-effects and drug interactions of commonly consumed nutritional supplements in order to advise patients appropriately. Further empirical research is needed into proven benefits of nutritional supplements.
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Carstens, Maryke. "The association between glycaemic control and lifestyle habits in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending selected private health care practices in Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85796.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Intensive lifestyle intervention in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with weight loss, significant reductions in HbA1c% and a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Small towns unfortunately experience a deficit of dieticians, thus limiting access to lifestyle intervention. Furthermore, a limited number of South African studies have evaluated the effect of dietary habits, anthropometric status, activity level (AL) and dietician-led medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. This study thus aimed to identify the association between glycaemic control and lifestyle habits in adults with T2DM living in Thabazimbi. The role of the dietician with regard to optimal glycaemic control was also investigated with great interest.
Methods: Individuals (>18 years) with T2DM who had a recent HbA1c test result and no acute infection/illness were included in the study over a 7 month recruitment period. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured, AL and dietetic contact evaluated, and dietary habits assessed by means of a structured questionnaire. Six home-measured post-prandial glucose (PPG) measurements and HbA1c% were used to evaluate glycaemic control. Results: A total of 62 (59.7% males) patients were included. The mean age was 60.13 ±10.85 years and mean T2DM disease duration was 121 ±96.56 months. Only 6.45% of participants had a normal Body Mass Index classification. Most (90.32%) participants had a substantially increased waist circumference (WC). Half of the participants had a sedentary/low AL, whilst 48.39% had an active/moderately active AL. Almost all (95%) participants indicated it was necessary for persons with DM to consult a dietician for MNT, however only 63% of participants actually consulted one. Mean dietary compliance was 74.53 ±10.93%. The average HbA1c% and PPG of participants were respectively 7.50 ±1.62% and 8.90 ±3.21mmol/l. A significant negative association (r=-0.31; p=0.02) was found between HbA1c% and percentage dietary compliance. The number of dietetic sessions completed and average PPG were also significantly [(r=0.40; p=0.001), (r=-0.34; p=0.01)] associated with percentage dietary compliance. In turn PPG had a significant positive (r=0.30; p=0.02) association with DM disease duration. Both the good HbA1c and good PPG control groups had significantly (p=0.01, p=0.04) better dietary habits than the poor HbA1c and PPG control groups. When compared to the poor PPG group, the good PPG group made significantly (p=0.04) better dietary decisions with regard to the main meal’s carbohydrate quality and quantity. Body Mass Index, WC, AL and extent of dietetic contact didn’t play a significant role in the glycaemic classification (good vs. poor) of participants. Conclusion: The longer T2DM is present, the worse PPG control becomes. Optimal dietary habits play a significant positive role in both the long- and short term glycaemic control of people with T2DM in Thabazimbi. The choice and portion size of the main meal’s carbohydrates has been identified to be the most important dietary role-player in the glycaemic control of this study population. This study also shows that if individuals with DM spend enough time with a dietician, it could potentially contribute to better dietary compliance and subsequent better glycaemic control.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Intensiewe leefstyl intervensie onder diegene met Tipe 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) word geassosieer met gewigsverlies, beduidende verlaging in HbA1c% asook ’n vermindering in verskeie kardiovaskulêre-siekte risiko faktore. Plattelandse dorpies beleef egter ’n tekort aan dieetkundiges, wat gevolglik toegang tot leefstyl intervensie beperk. Daar is ook ’n beperkte hoeveelheid Suid-Afrikaanse studies wat die impak van eetgewoontes, antropometriese status, aktiwiteitsvlak en dieetkundige-begeleide dieetterapie op glisemiese beheer in T2DM pasiënte evalueer. Die doel van die studie was dus om die verband tussen glisemiese beheer en leefstyl gewoontes in volwassenes met T2DM in Thabazimbi te bepaal. Die rol van die dieetkundige met betrekking tot optimale glisemiese beheer was ook met groot belangstelling nagevors.
Metodes: Diegene (>18 jaar) met T2DM wat oor ’n onlangse HbA1c toets uitslag beskik het en nie enige akute siektes/infeksie gehad het nie, is oor ’n 7 maande werwingsperiode ingesluit. Gewig, lengte en middel-omtrek was gemeet, aktiwiteitsvlak en dieetkundig-kontak bepaal, en eetgewoontes geassesseer m.b.v. ’n gestruktueerde vraelys. Ses tuis-bepaalde na-ete bloedsuiker lesings en HbA1c% was gebruik om glisemiese beheer te evalueer. Resultate: Twee-en-sestig (59.7% mans) pasiënte het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die gemiddelde ouderdom was 60.13 ±10.85 jaar en die gemiddelde T2DM duurte 121 ±96.56 maande. Slegs 6.45% van die deelnemers het ’n gesonde Liggaam-Massa-Indeks gehad. Meeste (90.32%) deelnemers se middel-omtrek was ook ruimskoots verhoog. Die helfte van die deelnemers het ’n passiewe/lae aktiwiteitsvlak gehad, terwyl 48.39% ’n aktief/matig-aktiewe aktiwiteitsvlak gerapporteer het. Amper al (95%) die deelnemers het aangedui dat mense met T2DM ’n dieetkundige moet raadpleeg vir dieetterapie. Slegs 63% van die deelnemers het egter werklik ’n dieetkundige vir diabetes dieetterapie geraadpleeg. Gemiddelde dieet-gehoorsaamheid was 74.53 ±10.93% en die gemiddelde HbA1c % en na-ete bloedsuiker vlakke van deelnemers was onderskeidelik 7.50 ±1.62% en 8.90 ±3.21mmol/l. Daar was ’n beduidende negatiewe verband (r=-0.31; p=0.02) tussen HbA1c % en persentasie dieet-gehoorsaamheid. ’n Beduidende verband was ook tussen persentasie dieet-gehoorsaamheid en die hoeveelheid voltooide dieetterapie sessies (r=0.40; p=0.001) asook die gemiddelde na-ete bloedglukose vlak (r=-0.34; p=0.01) geïdentifiseer. Na-ete bloedglukose het ook ’n beduidende positiewe (r=0.30; p=0.02) verband met die duurte van diabetes getoon. Beide die goeie HbA1c en goeie na-ete glukose groepe het beduidend (p=0.01, p=0.04) beter eetgewoontes as die swak HbA1c en swak na-ete glukose groepe gehad. Die goeie na-ete glukose groep het veral beduidend (p=0.04) beter dieet keuses m.b.t die hoofmaal se koolhidraat kwaliteit en kwantiteit gemaak. Lengte-Massa-Indeks, middel-omtrek, aktiwiteitsvlak en die mate van dieetkundige kontak het nie ’n beduidende rol in die glisemiese klassifikasie (goed teenoor swak) van deelnemers gespeel nie.
Gevolgtrekking: Na-ete bloedsuiker beheer word al hoe slegter hoe langer T2DM teenwoordig is. Optimale eetgewoontes speel ’n beduidende positiewe rol in beide die lang- en kort-termyn glisemiese beheer van mense met T2DM in Thabazimbi. Die keuse en porsie grootte van die hoofmaal se koolhidrate blyk die belangrikste dieet rolspeler in die glisemiese beheer van die studie populasie te wees. Die studie dui ook aan dat as mense met T2DM genoeg tyd saam met ’n dieetkundige deurbring, dit moontlik kan bydra tot beter dieet-gehoorsaamheid en gevolglik beter glisemiese beheer.
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Chigali, Lillian Malambo. "Factors associated with nutritional status of children aged six to fifty-nine months in Livingstone, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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A matched case-control study was carried out to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of children in Livingstone district, Zambia. A trained field researcher collected data on demographic, feeding practices and socio-economic factors in matched groups of underweight children and normal weight children from the mothers/caregivers of the children. Interviews, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, were used to obtain the data. All children aged from six to fifty-nine months admitted at Livingstone General Hospital during the months of October to December, 2003 with a weight for age below &ndash<br>2SD from the median of the reference population formed the underweight children (cases). The total was 47 children. The cases were then matched according to sex and age to 47 normal weight children attending the under five clinic at Livingstone General Hospital during the same months, with a weight for age above &ndash<br>2SD from the median of the reference population (controls). The final sample was 94 children. Weights were recorded using the same scale in the outpatient&rsquo<br>s department prior to admission and during the under five clinic session. Interviews then took place in a separate room after the clinic nurse had attended them. A separate visit was then made to the homes of the children on a different day. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure strengths of associations. Results revealed that the basic causes of underweight were the poor economic state of the country, unfavorable policies and insufficient government support in the areas of health, education, agriculture, housing and employment. Underlying causes were inadequate access to food, inadequate care of children, poor access to health services and unhealthy living environments, while immediate causes were poor food intake and disease. Low educational and literacy levels of the mothers/caregivers, unemployment and lack of sufficient finances to access basic necessities such as food, housing and health contributed to underweight.
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Cardel, Michelle Ivonne. "Parental feeding practices and perceptions as predictors of child adiposity in a multi-ethnic model." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/cardel.pdf.
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Nicaragua, Odila. "Design and application of a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in La Rinconada and Cuambo." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5407.
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This study was done with the objective of designing and applying a nutrition education program based on a test of improved practices for pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the rural communities of Ibarra canton: La Riconada and Cuambo. For this, information was collected on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the eating habits of pregnant women. These results were used to identify content and recommendations to reinforce and/or instruct about eating during pregnancy. Nutrition education was based on the methodology of the improved practices test, which consisted of testing the recommendations in families' homes before recommending them and recording information on their acceptability. The results indicate that pregnant women in the two communities don't eat all the food groups every day. They need to increase the consumption of foods rich in calcium and iron, as well as foods that supply energy, protein, and fats. The pregnant women don't eat additional foods to cover these recommendations during the pregnancy. Despite the knowledge they have and the lessons they received, there are women who don't eat greens, vegetables, and fruits because they don't like them, and those who do eat them don't meet the established nutritional recommendations. The women prefer to eat artificial drinks with unboiled water, and they do not look after personal hygiene. The test of improved practices has been useful for observing if they really put in practice the knowledge about eating during pregnancy, and at the same time it helped design the educational proposal that served as a guide to help improve eating practices of pregnant women in the two rural communities, considering their motivations and recommendations.
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Doan, Phuoc Thuoc. "The relationship between feeding practices and maternal child health care services with nutritional status of under-five children at Phong Son village of Thua Thien province in Vietnam /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-DoanPhuocThuoc.pdf.
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Maart, Lana Catherine. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to lifestyle factors among childbearing women in the West Coast/Winelands health district." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1990. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5520_1207815219.
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<p>Many of the known risk factors associated with low birth weight, such as socio-economic status, ethnicity, genetic makeup, and obstetric history, are not within a women's immediate control. However, there are many things that a woman can do to improve her chances of having a normal healthy child. Lifestyle behaviours, such as cigarette smoking, nutrition and the use of alcohol, play an important role in determining the growth of the fetus. The aim of this study was to establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, smoking and nutrition among childbearing women and health care workers on the farms in Stellenbosch and Vredendal.</p>
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Oliveira, Nara Leticia Zandonadi de. "Mapeamento da implementação de condutas nutricionais baseadas em evidências em serviços de atenção primária à saúde: Scoping Review." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/108/108131/tde-17052018-143400/.
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A ciência da nutrição experimentou nos últimos anos avanço bastante representativo em produção de evidências científicas, mas ainda permanece incerto em que medida tais ganhos quantitativos acarretam em melhoria da qualidade da atenção à saúde. Sendo assim, objetivou-se sistematicamente mapear e categorizar as intervenções e programas que demonstram como as condutas nutricionais baseadas em evidências têm sido implementadas por profissionais de saúde na atenção primária, buscando também compreender barreiras e potencialidades para que tal implementação aconteça. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão do tipo scoping review seguindo os preceitos do Instituto Joanna Briggs, considerando-se estudos primários sobre implementação de práticas que abordassem questões relacionadas à alimentação e nutrição, no que diz respeito a recomendações dietéticas e/ou aconselhamento nutricional dentro do contexto da prática baseada em evidências, em serviços de atenção primária à saúde, tendo os profissionais de saúde atuantes nesses serviços como agentes da implementação. Foram consultadas sete bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycINFO, ERIC e SCOPUS), identificando-se 3096 registros que resultaram em 14 artigos selecionados, todos em língua inglesa, publicados entre os anos de 2004 e 2016, com maior concentração em países do continente europeu. Estes trouxeram diferentes vertentes do processo de implementação acerca de seis importantes temas: Controle de peso (Sobrepeso/Obesidade), Alimentação infantil, Consumo de bebidas alcóolicas, Aleitamento materno, Cuidado ao paciente diabético e Risco nutricional/Desnutrição. Os profissionais enfermeiros apareceram como os principais responsáveis por realizar condutas nutricionais junto à população atendida pelas unidades de saúde. O processo de implementação de condutas nutricionais baseadas em evidências em serviços de atenção primária se apoiou em quatro principais eixos: 1) Reconhecimento das necessidades de saúde e características dos serviços e profissionais de saúde para atender as demandas; 2) Desenvolvimento de ações educativas junto aos profissionais de saúde; 3) Trabalho em equipe e prática interprofissional colaborativa; 4) Adequação das intervenções à realidade dos serviços e Atenção centrada no paciente. As barreiras predominantes à implementação foram: indisponibilidade de tempo, incompatibilidade das intervenções com as condições de vida e necessidades de saúde dos pacientes, falta de recursos, e relações conflituosas entre profissionais e pacientes. Por outro lado, foram identificadas potencialidades como treinamentos pré-intervenção bem estruturados, intervenções moldáveis às necessidades de saúde dos pacientes e realidade dos serviços, supervisão e suporte de profissionais especialistas, presença de materiais de apoio e fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe. Conclui-se que o elemento-chave das condutas nutricionais não reside apenas nas evidências científicas, mas primordialmente no processo de implementação, que ao contemplar os quatro eixos acima referidos, pode contribuir em muito para uma melhor qualidade da atenção à saúde nos serviços de atenção primária à saúde.<br>Although in recent years, the science of nutrition has made considerable progress in the production of scientific evidence, it remains uncertain up to what extent these quantitative gains lead to improvements in the quality of health care. Thus, the objective was to systematically map and categorize interventions and programs that demonstrate how evidence-based nutritional management have been implemented by health professionals in primary care, seeking also to understand barriers and potential for such implementation to occur. For this purpose, a review of the scoping review type was carried out following the precepts of the Joanna Briggs Institute, considering primary studies on the implementation of practices that address issues related to food and nutrition, regarding dietary recommendations and / or nutritional counseling in the context of evidence-based practice in primary health care services, considering health professionals working in these services as agents of implementation. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PsycINFO, ERIC and SCOPUS) were consulted, identifying 3096 records that resulted in 14 selected articles, all in English, published between the years 2004 and 2016 concentrated mainly in European countries. These articles revealed different aspects of the implementation process on six important topics: Weight control (Overweight/Obesity), Infant feeding, Consumption of alcoholic drinks, Breastfeeding, Diabetic patient care and Nutritional risk / Malnutrition. Nursing professionals appeared as the main responsible for conducting nutritional management among the population served by health units. The process of implementing evidence-based nutritional management in primary care services was based on four main axes: 1) Recognition of health needs and characteristics of health services and professionals to meet the demands; 2) Development of educational actions among health professionals; 3) Collaborative teamwork and interprofessional practice; 4) Adequacy of interventions to the reality of services and Patient-centered care. The predominant barriers to implementation were: unavailability of time, incompatibility of interventions with living conditions and patients\' health needs, lack of resources, and conflicting relationships between professionals and patients. On the other hand, potentialities were identified, such as well-structured pre-intervention training; interventions that were shaped corresponding to patients\' health needs and the reality of services; supervision and support of specialist professionals; existence of materials to support the practice and strengthening of teamwork. It is concluded that the key element of nutritional management lies not only in the scientific evidence, but primarily in the implementation process, which, when encompassing the four axes mentioned above, may contribute greatly to a better quality in health primary health care services.
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Santos, Glauber dos. "Caracterização do manejo de bezerras, da qualidade nutricional e microbiológica do colostro e da atitude do tratador de bezerras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-28042015-092841/.
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Um dos motivos do baixo desempenho dos animais está em falhas durante o processo de colostragem, pois ele pode apresentar baixa qualidade nutricional e microbiológica. Após esta fase inicial de vida, o desempenho das bezerras sofre influência direta do manipulador. Na intenção de identificar pontos falhos no processo de criação de bezerras, objetivou-se caracterizar o manejo destes animais, através do levantamento das principais práticas zootécnicas adotadas, avaliar a composição nutricional e microbiológica do colostro fornecido aos recém nascidos e as características do tratador de bezerras. Para caracterizar os sistema de criação de bezerras realizou-se uma entrevista com 179 produtores e/ou técnicos, abordando questões relacionadas a criação de bezerras, desde o manejo da vaca seca até o desaleitamento. Para caracterizar o colostro, foram colhidas 66 amostras, diretamente da ordenha de vacas recém-paridas ou do banco de colostro, com as quais realizaram-se análises bromatológicas e microbiológicas. A avaliação da atitude dos tratadores de bezerras foi realizada através de uma entrevista com 100 tratadores, a qual permitiu colher dados de auto-relatos do responsável pela criação de bezerras. A entrevista foi conduzida com base em questionário semi-estruturado, aplicado por um único entrevistador e direcionado ao tratador de bezerras. Os itens de atitude foram medidos e classificados de acordo com a resposta do entrevistado em uma escala de cinco pontos (Escala de Likert). Através do levantamento foi possível identificar pontos de melhoria na criação de bezerras, principalmente com as vacas pré-parto e acompanhamento dos partos, além de um melhor cuidado com o processo de colostragem desde a identificação da qualidade do colostro até o momento correto de oferecer o alimento ao recém-nascido. Práticas de manejo direcionadas a obtenção de colostro de boa qualidade devem ser priorizadas, além de cuidados com a higienização da colheita e armazenamento do mesmo, pois apenas 22,6% das amostras de colostro atendem a recomendação de qualidade nutricional e microbiológica. Assim, grande parte dos bezerros nesta população estudada está propensa a apresentar falhas na transferência de imunidade passiva e exposta a patógenos quando alimentados com colostro materno. Para algumas variáveis o tratador tem uma atitude positiva, porém na prática o comportamento realizado nem sempre é o mesmo. É possível que os tratadores de bezerras tenham componentes afetivos e cognitivos positivos, ou seja, já tiveram experiência anterior de sucesso com as práticas ou ainda, conhecem a importância técnica das principais ações na criação. Porém, o componente comportamental sobressai sobre algumas ações, levando-os a uma divergência entre a atitude e o comportamento. Programas voltados para educação, treinamento e fortalecimento do comprometimento dos colaboradores é um caminho interessante na tentativa de reduzir as falhas na criação de bezerras.<br>One cause of the low dairy calves performance is related to failures during colostrum feeding process, because it may have low nutritional and microbiological quality. After this initial period of life, the dairy calves performance is under direct influence of the handler. In an attempt to identify weak points in the dairy calves raising systems the study aimed to characterize the dairy calves management, through a survey of the main husbandry adopted practices, assess the nutritional and microbiological composition of colostrum and the calves handler attitude. To characterize the dairy calves raising system an interview with 179 producers and / or field technicians, addressing issues related to creation of calves from the dry cow management until weaning, was held. To characterize colostrum quality, 66 samples were collected directly from recently calved cows or colostrum bank, for chemical and microbiological analyzes. The evaluation of the attitude of calves handlers was conducted by interviewing 100 handlers, which allowed the collection of self-reported data. The interview was conducted based on a semi-structured questionnaire applied by a single interviewer and directed to calves handler. The items of attitude were measured and ranked according to the handler\'s response on a five point scale (Likert scale). Through the survey it was possible to identify areas for improvement in the dairy calves system of production, especially with pre-partum cows and monitoring of deliveries, and better care with the colostrum feeding process as to identifying the quality of colostrum to the correct feeding time for the newborn. Management practices aimed to obtain good quality colostrum must be priorities besides, care with sanitation during the harvest and storage of the same, since only 22.6% of colostrum samples meet the recommendation of nutritional and microbiological quality. Thus, most of the calves in the studied population are likely to present failures in the transfer of passive immunity and exposed to pathogens when fed colostrum. For some variables the handler has a positive attitude, but in practice the behavior performed is not always the same. It is possible that the calves handlers have positive affective and cognitive components, in other words, have had previous experience of successful practices or even know the technical importance of the main practices in dairy calves raising. However, the behavioral component stands on some actions, leading them to a divergence between the attitude and behavior. Programs for education, training and commitment of employees are an interesting way to reduce the low performance of dairy calves.
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Chalashika, Paphani. "Nutritional outcomes of Botswana infants and young children aged 6-24 months : a focus on birthweight, HIV-exposure, feeding practices and the role of caregivers, older family figures and healthcare workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50081/.
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Background: A better understanding of the nutritional status of infants and young children who are HIV-Exposed-Uninfected (HEU) and HIV-Unexposed-Uninfected (HUU) during their first 1000 days is a key to improving population health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A mixed-methods approach (explanatory sequential design) was utilised to compare the nutritional status, feeding practices and determinants of nutritional status of HEU and HUU infants and young children residing in representative selected districts in Botswana. In addition, themes associated with perceptions of caregivers, older family figures and healthcare workers in achieving optimal nutritional outcomes in these infants and young children were identified. In the quantitative strand (413 infants and young children, 37.3% HIV-exposed) aged 6-24 months attending routine child health clinics were recruited. In the qualitative strand 25 caregivers, 9 older family figures and 10 healthcare workers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Quantitative data including anthropometric, 24-hour dietary intake and socio-demographic data was collected. Anthropometric z-scores were calculated using 2006 WHO growth standards. Modelling of the determinants of malnutrition was undertaken using logistic regression. Qualitative data was analysed using an inductive, interpretive/latent thematic analysis approach. Results: Overall, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 10.4%, 11.9% and 10.2% respectively. HEU infants and young children were significantly more likely to be underweight (15.6% vs. 6.9%), (p < 0.01) and stunted (15.6% vs. 7.3%), (p < 0.05) but not wasted (p= 0.14) than HUU infants and young children. HEU infants and young children tended to be formula fed (89.4%) whereas HUU infants and young children tended to breastfeed (89.6%) for the first six months (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of nutritional status were HIV exposure, birthweight, birth length, Apgar score and mother/caregiver’s education with little influence of socioeconomic status (p < 0.05). Qualitative thematic analysis revealed four themes; when “free choice” is an illusion: mother’s infant feeding decisions; “These people are dangerous.” negotiating access to healthcare services; “caring is how I show my baby love”; “our culture, our heritage”. Conclusions: HEU infants and young children aged 6-24 months had worse nutritional status compared to HUU infants and young children. Notably, birthweight was the main predictor of undernutrition in this population and, therefore optimisation of infants and young children’ nutritional status should focus on the nutrition and health of women in the pre- and antenatal period. These interventions should focus on equipping caregivers with skills and knowledge but also address external factors such as influence of the older family figure, community norms and cultures and experiences associated with accessing healthcare services.
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Habulembe, Raider. "Evaluation of the effect of poor water, sanitation and hygiene practices on growth and the incidence of infectious diseases in infants and young children aged 6-23 months in a selected rural district, Zambia." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6430.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health)<br>Poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and practices in
communities are known to be responsible for most of the infections occurring among infants
and young children in developing countries. A combined effect of disease, poor diet, care
practices and other factors among infants/children are known to lead to undernutrition
reported in most developing countries. Apart from the reduced growth and productivity
potential that malnutrition exhibits on the affected population, it is also an underlying cause
to 50% of child mortality in poor communities. In light of this, the primary objective of the
study was to evaluate the effect of poor WASH practices on growth and infectious disease
incidence in infants and young children aged 6-23 months in the rural district of Monze in
Zambia.
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Pumper, Candace. "PROTOCOLS FOR PERIOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL CARE PRACTICE IN ACCREDITED BARIATRIC SURGICAL CENTERS: A SURVEY OF CURRENT PRACTICE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1500560856156472.
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Buttarelli, Emilie. "Croissance et alimentation du jeune enfant (0-36 mois) en milieu urbain à Dakar (Sénégal)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5012.
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Une étude de la croissance et de l'alimentation de l'enfant en milieu urbain à Dakar (Sénégal) a été réalisée auprès de 1479 enfants de la naissance à l'âge de 36 mois et de leurs mères. Deux zones de niveau socio-économique contrasté dans le milieu urbain ont été sélectionnées : la zone de Médina, au centre de Dakar et la zone de Pikine, aux portes de Dakar. L'enquête s'articule autour du recueil de données anthropométriques chez les couples mère-enfant sélectionnés selon des critères objectifs de « bonne santé » et de la collecte d'un vaste ensemble de données environnementales (socioéconomiques, sociodémographiques, sanitaires et biologiques). L'approche quantitative de la croissance et de l'alimentation de l'enfant s'est effectuée par questionnaire auprès des mères sélectionnées. L'approche qualitative par focus group a permis d'apporter un éclairage plus fin des tendances observées dans l'enquête quantitative. Les données de l'enquête transversale sur la croissance de l'enfant ont été utilisées pour étudier les paramètres staturo-pondéraux des enfants, selon des variations imputables au genre, à l'âge de l'enfant ou à la zone de résidence. Peu de différences sont apparues dans la croissance entre Pikine et Médina. L'état nutritionnel des enfants (définis selon la norme de croissance OMS 2006) se dégrade néanmoins avec l'âge. La malnutrition s'exprime sous des signes différents selon la zone de résidence mais n'est pas plus fréquente dans la zone moins favorisée de Pikine. En revanche, les déterminants de la malnutrition sont communs aux deux zones enquêtées et laisse peu de place aux facteurs socio-économiques<br>A population-based study about growth and feeding practices was conducted with a cluster sample of 1479 aged 0 to 36 months and their mother, in the urban area of Dakar (Senegal). In this urban area, two socioeconomic contrasted areas were selected : Medina zone, in the center of Dakar and Pikine zone, located at the city's doorstep. This study is organized around an anthropometric survey of healthy children and their mother and an extensive data collection (socioeconomic, socio-demographic, health and biological data). Questionnaires were addressed to the mothers and belong to the quantitative approach of growth and feeding practices among children. The aim of the qualitative approach by focus groups was to shed light on trends revealed by questionnaires analysis. Cross-sectional data extracted from a growth survey were used to determine the variation in the growth parameters due to sex, child's age or place of residence. Some minor differences could be observed between Pikine and Medina. Nutritional status (assessed by new WHO Growth Standards) decline as children are getting older. Among the two areas, malnutrition exists in different form but it's not area specific since the less-favoured area (Pikine) is not more affected by it. Nonetheless, there are common factors associated with malnutrition, which indicate the low economic impact. Birth-weight and maternal body mass index systematically belongs to the same and most explicative statistics models. The role of feeding practices (apprehended by food consumption) is not that important to explain malnutrition
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Dycus, Linda Gail. "Leadership Practices of School Nutrition Professionals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2160.
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School-aged children's nutritional needs have changed from a 1946 underweight and undernourished population to rapidly increasing numbers of overweight and obese children with associated health complications. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore leadership practices of state and system school nutrition professionals. By obtaining information regarding the past and present practices of school nutrition professionals, this researcher strove to provide insight into best practices for future leaders.
Electronic mail messages linked to Kouzes and Posner's (1995) self-reporting leadership practices survey were sent to 194 Tennessee school nutrition professionals (53 state directors and 141 system supervisors). The survey had a response rate of 40.7%. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze responses from the survey's participants.
Findings of the study provided a reflection of current school nutrition professionals' leadership practices and a demographic profile of school nutrition professionals. School nutrition professionals tend to have exemplary leadership skills as measured by the LPI compared to Kouzes-Posner mean scores. Of the nutrition professionals, 68% reported plans to retire in 10 or fewer years. Current school nutrition professionals primarily come from the ranks of existing school instructional personnel. A majority of the school supervisors held associate or bachelor degrees. State directors tended to have degrees at masters or doctorate level. A small number had postsecondary professional training in nutrition and disease. Over half had some type of training in nutrition.
The findings of the study resulted in several suggestions for the school nutrition professional of the future including creation of specialized degree programs and internships at the post secondary level to train future candidates for the job as school nutrition professionals. Today's school nutrition professionals' postsecondary curriculum content could be lacking essential nutrition content area and might not be reflective of the current school population's nutritional risks, needs, and best practices of preventions and/or treatments.