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Journal articles on the topic 'Obligation to state reaso'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Saman, Faizal. "Debatable of Indonesian Citizens' Rights and Obligations Regarding the Covid-19 Vaccination Policy." Estudiante Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2023): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v4i2.18179.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the rights and obligations of Indonesian citizens regarding vaccination. This research uses a type of normative legal research with a statute approach. Collect data by grouping and reviewing regulations, library materials, books, and other sources related to problems in this study. The results showed that polemics that led to pros and cons related to vaccination were caused by several factors such as vaccines being new, the safety of vaccines that cannot be passed, and the sanctions imposed on those who refuse vaccines. The pro-life community considers v

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2

Popovych, Т. "Understanding of the obligation in natural law concepts of John Locke and Jan-Jak Russo." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 77 (2023): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.54.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of obligations in the light of the natural legal concepts of John Locke and Jan-Jak Russo. Thus, within his theory of the social contract, John Locke notes about the natural state of people, from which the law of nature follows, is obligatory for everyone. Such the obligation comes from the human nature or from the harmony between natural law and the rational human nature. The reason for the formation of a civil society is to prevent a state of war, when force, not supported by law, is used contrary to natural law. Therefore, John Locke as

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3

Koraev, K. B. "Expediency of Consolidating Conditional Fulfillment of an Obligation in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation." Lex Russica 77, no. 3 (2024): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2024.208.3.009-021.

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A study of the institution of conditional performance of obligations has shown that, although in the legal systems of some States obligations are called conditional, we are talking about conditional transactions. Russia is the only state that, along with «conditional transactions,» has established «conditional obligations» in the meaning of the obligation consolidated in Article 307 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The experience of using this approach has shown its inconsistency, since in practice situations arise that violate the balance of interests between the parties to the co

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Deacon, Daniel. "Responding to Alternatives." Michigan Law Review, no. 122.4 (2024): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.122.4.responding.

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This Article is the first to comprehensively analyze administrative agencies’ obligation to respond to alternatives to their chosen course of action. The obligation has been around at least since the Supreme Court’s decision in Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Ass’n of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm, and it has mattered in important cases. Most recently, the Supreme Court invoked the obligation as the primary ground on which to invalidate the Trump Administration’s rescission of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. The obligation to respond to alternatives is also frequ

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Taufiqurrohman, Moch Marsa, Muhammad Toriq Fahri, Robi Kurnia Wijaya, and I. Gede Putu Wiranata. "The Use of Necessitas Non Habet Legem and Wederspanningheid in Law Enforcement for Covid-19 Vaccination in Indonesia." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21, no. 4 (2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.v21.473-488.

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The majority of scientific research in the world agrees that vaccination is a vital instrument that aims to solve the problem of the Covid-19 pandemic. In achieving this goal, the government is trying to ensure that vaccinations run as they should. Even though it is regulated in laws and regulations, the enforcement of vaccination law is not easy to implement. This article aims to examine the formulation of the legal basis that can ensure effective enforcement of vaccination law in Indonesia. By using normative legal research, this study aims to answer several problems. First, is vaccination a

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Engelhardt, H. Tristram. "MORAL OBLIGATION AFTER THE DEATH OF GOD: CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON CONCERNS FROM IMMANUEL KANT, G. W. F. HEGEL, AND ELIZABETH ANSCOMBE." Social Philosophy and Policy 27, no. 2 (2010): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052509990252.

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AbstractOnce God is no longer recognized as the ground and the enforcer of morality, the character and force of morality undergoes a significant change, a point made by G.E.M. Anscombe in her observation that without God the significance of morality is changed, as the word criminal would be changed if there were no criminal law and criminal courts. There is no longer in principle a God's-eye perspective from which one can envisage setting moral pluralism aside. In addition, it becomes impossible to show that morality should always trump concerns of prudence, concerns for one's own non-moral in

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Vizdoaga, Tatiana, and Iulia Bria. "Presumption of innocence in the doctrinal and regulatory sources of Western Europe (XIX-XX centuries)." Journal of the National Institute of Justice, no. 4(67) (February 2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52277/1857-2405.2023.4(67).01.

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The supreme value in a state is man, his rights and freedoms, and the recognition, respect and defense of these rights and freedoms is the basic obligation of the state. The criminal trial represents that field of activity where the issues related to the defense of human rights and freedoms are of special relevance. For this reason, it is of particular importance to study the historical evolution of the means by which the legislator ensures the fulfillment of this constitutional obligation by the state. Medieval criminal procedure regulations regarding the presumption of guilt have been harshl

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Semeryanova, Nina, Artem Tsirin, Sergey Matulis, and Ibragim Ibragim. "Problems of using certain unnamed ways to ensure fulfillment of obligations." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411027.

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The relevance of the work lies in the fact that traditional ways of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations do not fully satisfy the needs of civil circulation, therefore, modern civil legislation needs more flexible legal structures. This situation encourages participants in civil turnover to search for alternative ways to ensure their property interests and is the main reason for emergence of unnamed ways to ensure fulfillment of obligations. The article defines the legal basis of such methods of ensuring fulfillment of obligations as a state (municipal) guarantee, security sale and fiduciar

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9

Thornton, Jennifer. "Remarks by Jennifer Thornton." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.66.

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The United States and its TPP partners negotiated footnote 14 in the context of a larger effort to clarify the scope of key substantive obligations in the Agreement's investment chapter, with a view to better insulating legitimate public welfare measures from challenge before Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) tribunals constituted pursuant to its terms. While some TPP partners originally advocated for the inclusion of a “General Exceptions” article in the investment chapter along the lines of GATT Article XX, the TPP parties ultimately concluded that ISDS tribunals typically have accord

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Bugarski, Tatjana, and Milana Pisarić. "Data eetention in CJEU Case Law." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 4 (2020): 1231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-29964.

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Possession of accurate, complete and reliable relevant data on electronic communications traffic and timely access of authorized competent state bodies to such data is without a doubt a useful tool in the fight against modern forms of crime. For that reason, it is justified to establish an obligation for providers of electronic communications services to keep certain data on communications for a certain period of time in the realization of which they mediate and to hand over that data at the request of authorized state bodies, in order to use them for legitimate purposes. For this reason, the

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11

Vernon, Richard. "States of Risk: Should Cosmopolitans Favor Their Compatriots?" Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2007): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00118.x.

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Recent cosmopolitan thinking attempts to find a place for local (including national) attachment, but all of the proposals offered have been exposed to telling critique. There are objections to the claim that local obligations are only instances of cosmopolitan duty, and to the claim that we can give a moral justification to national societies as networks of mutual benefit. This article argues that it is not mutual benefit but mutual risk that grounds compatriot preference. While exposure to coercion as such does not track national boundaries, exposure to the risks of state abuse, political cho

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Yusri, Hazmi, Herry Syafrizal Said, Imran Ali, Lukman, Aryati Aryati, and Mustaqim Teuku. "The Sustainability of Fiscal Deficits, Sharia Obligations and Government Debt, in the Indonesian Economy." International Journal of Arts and Social Science 6, no. 5 (2023): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8134520.

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The fiscal deficit is the result of the government's decision to use spending, and as a consequence of receiving less than spending. In the last few years, the problem of deficit is still a challenge and the right formula has not been found to solve it. Government spending growth that exceeds state revenue growth is a strong reason to revive current fiscal policy. This paper aims to hide the relationship between the growth of debt and Sharia obligations within the framework of the Islamic fiscal deficit.State Revenue is unable to fulfill the obligation to make debt repayments. This study u

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Wolffenbüttel, Cristina Rolim, Romeu Riffatti, and Guilherme Da Silva Ramos. "The State of the Art in Music Education Research in Brazil." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i1.4626.

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This article presents the results of research that aimed to map the scientific production in Music Education in the last twelve years. The reason for this dating lies on the fact that in 2006 a process was started for the insertion of music in schools, through Bill No. 330, culminating in Law No. 11.769/2008, which provides for the obligation of music teaching in basic education. Subsequently, Resolution No. 2 consolidated this obligation. From then on, there was an increase in scientific production in Music Education in Brazil. Thus, this research came from the questions: What subjects have b

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Bardon, Aurélia. "The Pope’s Public Reason." Migration and Society 4, no. 1 (2021): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2021.040113.

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Since the beginning of Europe’s “refugee crisis,” Pope Francis has repeatedly argued that we should welcome refugees. This, he said, is an obligation for Christians who have “a duty of justice, of civility, and of solidarity.” This religious justification is a problem for liberal political philosophers who are committed to the idea of public reason: state action, they argue, must be justified to all citizens based on public, generally accessible reasons. In this article, I argue that the claim that liberal public reason fully excludes religion from the public sphere is misguided; not all relig

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Šťastný, Roman. "Použití Evropské úmluvy na ochranu základních práv a svobod v soukromoprávních vztazích." AUC IURIDICA 44, no. 3 (2020): 89–115. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.268.

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The application of the European Convention on violations of human rights by private individuals goes seemingly against traditional conceptions of international law which do not recognize individuals as subjects but only objects of international rules. However, a recent history of international law shows several examples of individuals rights and obligations set forth directly in different international instruments. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, individuals have been appearing before international courts and after the World War II they were even sued, and found guilty, for viola

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Daraganova, N. V. "Ensuring freedom of entrepreneurial activity: the obligation of the state and legal positions of the court." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (September 14, 2023): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.42.

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The article analyzes the practice of courts of administrative justice in the context of the analysis of their legal positions, addressed to the state’s obligation to ensure guaranteed protection of the constitutional right of a person to entrepreneurial activity, which is not prohibited by law.It has been established that the root cause of the emergence of a number of disputes in the field of entrepreneurship is mostly not legislative gaps or inadequate quality and clarity of laws, but their incorrect enforcement, which is connected with the tendency of each party (controlling body and subject

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17

PROKOPOWICZ, ALEKSANDRA. "THE ISSUE OF ACCEPTING A REPORT OF A CRIME FROM A PERSON UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES WITH RESPECT TO THE PROPER PERFORMANCE OF THE POLICE OFFICER’S DUTIES." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 138, no. 2 (2020): 291–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3686.

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eporting a crime is a mutual obligation imposed by law and special regulations on both the sender and the recipient of the infor-mation. The obligation of both parties, i.e. the reporter and the reportee, to act synergistically is aimed at eliminating the risk of inaction of law enforce-ment agencies or some kind of social consent to break the law. It is notewor-thy that the person reporting a crime is not obliged to check the accuracy of the information, as this information does not have to be objectively true, although it should be factually correct. However, there are some concerns about ac

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Gilmutdinova, Alina F. "TAX CRIMES: TIME LIMITS OF THE STAGE OF INITIATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." LEGAL ORDER: History, Theory, Practice 38, no. 3 (2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2311-696x-2023-38-3-157-162.

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The problem of legislatively defining the boundaries of the permissible restriction of the rights of entrepreneurs in the interests of detecting persons who evade the constitutional obligation to pay taxes (Article 57 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) is being investigated. The forms of detection of tax offenses (avoidance of the constitutional obligation to pay taxes) are analyzed: tax control, operational-search activity, criminal procedural activity. Solved problem. It is proved that most often the violation of the rights of entrepreneurs is committed by operational units. The

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19

Sofio Paliani, Sofio Paliani. "Protection of Taxpayers' Rights Legal Guarantees." Economics 105, no. 4-5 (2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/4-5/2022-90.

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The Constitution is the main source of tax law; the constitutional norms define the basis of the financial-legal policy of the state, including the regulation of tax policy. Taxes are the important means of implementing financial and legal policy by the state. The fulfillment of the obligation by individuals and legal entities to pay the taxes established by the Constitution ensures the formation of the budget of all levels in the state. That is why this constitutional obligation has a special, public-legal significance, which is conditioned by the public-legal nature of the state government.

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20

Amir, Shobahussurur. "Proses Pemilihan Pemimpin Menurut Ibn Taimiyyah." Refleksi 10, no. 2 (2008): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ref.v10i2.39818.

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The echoes of the democratic festival grow louder. The legislative elections on April 9, 2009, as well as the presidential and vice-presidential elections on July 8, 2009, draw nearer. Each promotes the idea that the leader from their party and faction is the most competent and worthy of selection. Leadership in Islam is viewed as a crucial instrument. The absence of leadership would lead to chaos for the nation and state. For this reason, scholars agree that appointing a leader for Muslims is a religious obligation. The following article seeks to explore Ibn Taymiyyah's thoughts on the proces

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Geymbukh, Nadezhda G. "Issues of implementation of the principle of loyalty to the Federation in the Federal Republic of Germany." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 55 (2025): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.17223/22253513/55/3.

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The constitutional principle of loyalty to the federation has a long tradition in German state law, which dates back to the formation of the German Empire in 1871. This principle establishes a constitutional and legal obligation, according to which the lands must remain faithful to each other and to the Federation in the same way as the Federation in relation to the lands. The decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court are of great importance in the implementation of the principle of loyalty to the federation. In 1953, the State of North Rhine-Westphalia established wage rates for it

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22

Khon Seul, Khon Seul. "VACCINATION AGAINST COVID-19 IN KAZAKHSTAN: RIGHT OR OBLIGATION?" Administrative law and process, no. 2(37) (2022): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2022.2.07.

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This article touches upon the issues of conducting a vaccination campaign against COVID-19 within the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the relationship of rights and obligations arising in this regard. Goal. The article aims at analyzing the provisions of the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the norms of international human rights law related to vaccination issues. The author analyzes the problem of vaccination from the point of view of its legal obligation and possible legal consequences in case of refusal to receive the vaccine. The analysis is carried out thr

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Utama, Agung, Tony Wijaya, Winarno Winarno, and Rullyana Puspitaningrum Mamengko. "Upscaling Kemampuan Siswa/i untuk Menjadi Wirausahawan Sukses di Era Digital." Empowerment: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 6 (2022): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55983/empjcs.v1i6.305.

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The facts show that currently the ratio of acceptance of vocational graduates in the industry is still quite low. This is due to the large gap between the skills taught in university and the needs of the industry. For this reason, the Directorate General of Higher Education is promoting the Vocational High School Revitalization program. Yogyakarta State University which has the obligation to organize Community Service as one of the Tri Dharma College welcomes the program and cooperates with SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. The focus of this service is to improve the skills of students at SMK Negeri 4

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Batarin, A. A., L. I. Goncharenko, and A. S. Advokatova. "Trade Tax Evasion in Retail Markets: Causes and Ways to Overcome." Finance: Theory and Practice 29, no. 1 (2025): 119–32. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-1-119-132.

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Cash register equipment is recognized as an effective tool for controlling the taxpayer’s proceeds in settlements with the population. At the same time, scientific and practical literature lacks scientific and methodological analysis of approaches to the formation of preferential categories of participants of trade relations exempt from state control in retail markets. The purpose of this study is to form common universal approaches to the mechanism of transformation of the established financial and economic models of behavior in the market territories. In the course of the study, the methods

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Radovanović, Snežana. "Knowledge and democracy: Modern challenges." Megatrend revija 20, no. 2 (2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2302071r.

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Science is not tool only, nowdays, but the creator of the world, and the world becomes object of its research and creative work. However, such a position of the science is not easy to afford in concrete social reality. It presumes developed democracy as a social form which affords the highest degree of freedom and equality. The task of the science and theory is to help society to find rational solutions of the concrete social goals, on the causality to social reality basis, without using any force. The freedom of scientific creativity, however, initiates the scientist's obligation of using his

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Gopichand, Muvvala, Sampath Kumar, and A. Mahesh Babu. "Massive MIMO Receiver Design with Channel State Information." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2571, no. 1 (2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2571/1/012035.

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Abstract In order to achieve an astounding data transfer rate, 5G Technology’s is essential obligation, this is the primal reason while the world considers it as an pivotal active research topic, Amongst numerous techniques available to attain the transfer rate, opted Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system receivers with respect to CSI assuming the mathematic computations and complex equations would be deduced in a primordial passion, is examined in this study. For the uplink, we show the possible transfer rate for both receivers with perfect and imperfect channel state informati

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Jun, Hyungjoon. "Gender-based violence against women as a matter of discrimination: Focusing on the analysis of the state’s positive obligation doctrine as applied in the European Court of Human Rights’ judgment “Volodina v. Russia(No. 2)”." Center for Public Interest & Human Rights Law Chonnam National University 32 (February 28, 2024): 379–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.38135/hrlr.2024.32.381.

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Women and girls who are victims of violence need active protection from the state because they are mostly socially vulnerable and cannot escape the danger of violence on their own. Especially with the development of the Internet, violence against women is no longer limited to the analog world, and perpetrators are using the Internet in their acts of violence in the digital world as well. Cyberviolence manifests itself in a variety of ways, from threatening messages and cyber-stalking to consensual/ unconsensual uploading of intimate images. This analysis of the Volodina v. Russia judgment (no.

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Skowron-Kadayer, Magdalena. "The Selective Harmonization Impact of the Coordination Policy." European Review 28, no. 4 (2020): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000149.

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The strong interdependence of Member States’ legal orders was the reason why Member States decided for coordination and for monitoring each other’s legislative activity. Over the years, the Contracting States and the Union legislature have established more and more obligations referring to national legislatures in this respect. The most common of these are the well-known duties to transpose directives into national law. These EU legal acts contain substantive law, rights and/or obligations for individuals, and thus encompass material provisions that can be subject to a transposition process. H

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Rioux, Marcia H. "Towards a Concept of Equality of Well-Being: Overcoming the Social and Legal Construction of Inequality." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 7, no. 1 (1994): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002605.

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The ways in which a society provides for people who, for one reason or another, are more socially and economically dependent throws into sharp focus the problems of equality as a political construct. The basic dilemma of social dependency is that of reconciling the responsibility of the state to ensure equality with the rights and needs of those who are dependent. The social, legal and economic policies in place at any given time in history reflect the ways that principles of justice have legitimated differential treatment. To study the case of intellectual disability, therefore, is to reflect

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Vereș, Crina-Bianca. "The “mandatory” right to education as means of reintegration into society." Jus et Civitas – A Journal of Social and Legal Studies 73, no. 1 (2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jetc.2022.01.10.

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Internationally, human rights law guarantees a universal right to education. Education and training of inmates help reduce the social costs of crime. People outside of the prison environment have the luxury, or better yet freedom, of choosing the reason for pursuing a form of education or training, whilst for prisoners it is predetermined. Given that its final scope is the reintegration of prisoners into society as full functioning citizens, the right to education becomes an obligation to the state to guarantee the access to the resources available. Thus, the complexity of this right can be be

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Nasution, Khoiruddin. "DASAR WAJIB MEMATUHI UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN (UUP): STUDI PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH." ADHKI: Journal of Islamic Family Law 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v1i1.8.

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One reason why the Marriage Law (UUP) is not obeyed is related to the status of compliance. According to the majority of Muslims, the status of obeying the contents of the UUP is related to and is a matter of the State, not related to the legality of religion, not related to the validity of marriage. Instead Muhammad 'Abduh is a thinker who believes that obeying the UUP is part of an obedient obligation to the government (uli al-amr), the same status as being obliged to obey Allah and His messengers, as required in al-Nisa' (4): 59 and 83. Thus, obeying the UUP is part of implementing complian

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Anggara, Arya. "Limitation of Public Service Special Assignment Charges Bond in the Form of a BUMN Persero (State-Owned Enterprises)." Peradaban Hukum Nusantara 1, no. 1 (2024): 96–114. https://doi.org/10.62193/ebsdrm65.

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This study analyzes the limitations of charging Public Service Obligation (PSO) fees on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in the form of Persero in Indonesia, which until now has not been specifically regulated in the law. PSO is only mentioned in the clause "considering the intent and purpose of BUMN," which triggers challenges in its implementation without sacrificing the efficiency and profitability of Persero. This study uses a normative legal method, focusing on the study of laws and regulations and legal principles governing the management of BUMN and its role in supporting public policy, w

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Tomlinson, Dylan. "The ‘Employer-dominated Households’ of National Health Service Staff." Journal of Social Policy 23, no. 1 (1994): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400021310.

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ABSTRACTThe subject of this article is NHS staff accommodation, about which, as with other comparable forms of shared peer group housing, little is known. It is noted that there is no obvious reason why privileges, such as the provision of subsidised staff housing, should continue to be accorded to the professions by government, especially given the contemporary concern of the latter that state agencies should not be landlords on a large scale. NHS recruitment difficulties, and possibly also the need for mutual support felt by those in stressful ‘care’ occupations provide some grounds for staf

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Romadhona, Mahimma, Aileena Solicitor El Chidtian, and Roziana Febrianita. "KAJIAN NILAI BELA NEGARA PADA DESAIN KOSTUM DAN ATRIBUT SUPERHERO PANCA SATRIA." Serat Rupa Journal of Design 4, no. 1 (2020): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/srjd.v4i1.2012.

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Defending the country is an obligation for every Indonesian, including the younger generation. The younger generation must be inculcated with the ideology of the Pancasila state so that they have strong resilience in facing the threat of terrorism and radicalism. Nationalism and national defense insight possessed by the Indonesian people are considered not high. For this reason, awareness and enlightenment are needed from an early age to foster a love of Indonesia's homeland. This can be done one of them through the application of state defense values in costume designs and superhero attribute

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Mubarok, Muhammad Zaki. "Analisis Penerapan Koreksi Fiskal Atas Pendapatam Dan Beban Dalam Laporan Keuangan Komersial serta Menghitung PPh Terutang PT. Andretty." SUSTAINABLE 1, no. 2 (2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/stb.v1i2.11112.

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Tax is an obligation of every citizen who legally has fulfilled the tax obligations based on the law of Indonesia. Tax collection by the state either through the central government or local government will certainly have an impact on reducing the income or wealth of each individual taxpayer and corporate taxpayer who pays it, but in essence the tax paid is an income whose benefits will return again to the taxpayers. This return can be in the form of routine expenditures and development expenditures carried out by the state. PT. Andretty is a company engaged in LPG Gas Distributor whose distrib

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Ceriyantina, Dian Tri. "The Politeness of English Teacher's Utterances Inside and Outside Classroom." ELT Forum: Journal of English Language Teaching 8, no. 2 (2019): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/elt.v8i2.31809.

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ABSTRACT  Ceriyantina,D.T. The Politeness of Teacher’s Utterance Inside and Outside The Learning Process. Final Project. English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, Semarang State University. Advisor: Dr. Hendi Pratama,M.A Keyword: Politeness, Utterance, Pragmatic, Teacher. This study is about politeness of the teacher’s utterance entitled: The Politeness of Teacher’s Utterances Inside and Outside The Learning Process. The aim of this study is to find out the strategy and the dominant maxim of politeness that used by teacher inside and outside the learning process. This

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Wibisono, Yohan, Fadjrin Wira Perdana, Irwan Irwan, Doharmam Lumban Tungkup, and Miran Miran. "Pengaruh Implementasi Hukum Pidana Tehadap Peningkatan Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 3, no. 6 (2022): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v3i6.673.

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The state has an obligation to create a safe and orderly environment for every citizen. Order and security can form a society with character, mental health and ready to compete in the international realm. This is because the environment has a strong influence on transferring character to each individual. This situation can be realized if the criminal law in Indonesia is enforced properly. Unfortunately, law enforcement sometimes fluctuates so that people are restless and criminals continue to carry out their actions. For this reason, this research was conducted to determine the effect of the i

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Wibisono, Yohan, Fadjrin Wira Perdana, Irwan Irwan, Doharmam Lumban Tungkup, and Miran Miran. "Pengaruh Implementasi Hukum Pidana Tehadap Peningkatan Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 3, no. 06 (2022): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v3i06.673.

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The state has an obligation to create a safe and orderly environment for every citizen. Order and security can form a society with character, mental health and ready to compete in the international realm. This is because the environment has a strong influence on transferring character to each individual. This situation can be realized if the criminal law in Indonesia is enforced properly. Unfortunately, law enforcement sometimes fluctuates so that people are restless and criminals continue to carry out their actions. For this reason, this research was conducted to determine the effect of the i

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Palmisano, Giuseppe. "Trattamento dei migranti clandestini e rispetto degli obblighi internazionali sui diritti umani." DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE, no. 3 (December 2009): 509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dudi2009-003005.

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- The legislative and operational measures recently adopted by Italy in order to prevent and repress clandestine immigration raise the problem of their consistency with Italy's international obligations conncerning the protection of human rights. With a view to assessing the actual terms of such a problem, contents and extent of the protection to be afforded to irregular migrants, under the international law of human rights, must be preliminarily determined. Considering the specific legal situation of Italy, in the light of its participation both to the European Convention of Human Rights and

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Lawiya, Muhammad Azhar, Salmon Eliaser Marthen Nirahua, and Julista Mustamu. "Penerapan Standar Pelayanan Sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pelayanan Publik." LUTUR Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/lutur.v4i1.10497.

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The Maluku Provincial Government as a service provider has the obligation to develop and set service standards to help the community know what kind of service will be provided. For this reason, the Maluku Provincial Government must set service standards as a benchmark in providing services. Purposes of the Research: To find out to what extent the implementation of service standards in the Maluku Provincial Government. Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative research method with the legal materials used in the research are primary, secondary and tertiary with the use of literature

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Nababan, Asmara. "Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Yang Berat; Belajar Dari Pengalaman." Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia 2, no. 2 (2004): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.58823/jham.v2i2.27.

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This article discuss the concepts of gross human rights violation, individual responsibility in international crime, element of crime of human rights violation, the concept of command responsibility and the settlement mechanism of human rights violation. The writer asks us to take lesson learn from the experiences of Timar-Timurand Tanjung Priok trial and "the stuck" in the investigationprocess in Trisakti, Semanggi I don II and Mei cases in the hand of Attorney General. The realities show that so many weaknesses are needed to be handled immediately. For that reason, it is important to make am

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Fares, Ruqiya Othman. "The effects of abstainer in public government auctions and tenders in the legislation in force in the Kurdistan." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 12, no. 1 (2024): 197–222. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10258.

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The process of selecting a contractor with the administration is a complex process that requires many procedures to begin by submitting bids from all bidders and auctioneers. Therefore, they must commit to maintaining their positive statements issued by them before the administration to conclude the contract. However, sometimes the owner of the winning bid, whether in the tender or the auction, fails to fulfill his obligation to complete the contracting procedures with the administration. Therefore, the abstaining of the bidder and auctioneer to complete the contracting process without a reaso

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Haryanto, Joko Tri, and Akhmad Nurkholis. "Study for Mainstreaming Environmental and Climate Change Policy On The Development Planning Agenda in Indonesia." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 18, no. 3 (2015): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v18i3.18.

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Over the past few years, environmental issues have became a major policy agenda in developed and developing countries. The government has some alternative policies that can be used as a form of the intervention either to play the role of market-based policies and government regulations as well as other options. In this context, the Government of Indonesia already issued Presidential Decree No. 61 Year 2011 on National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (RAN-GRK). Based on this document, financial source for climate change (PI) and also protection, preservation of the environment

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Lestari, Endang Puji. "The Delegation of State Sovereignty over Air Space in the Implementation of Air Navigation: The Analysis of the Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on Management of the Batam and Natuna Flight Information Region." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 2 (2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no2.813.

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The state sovereignty over airspace with its complete and exclusive nature experiences a significant dynamic in both its concept and implementation in the international air law. Sovereignty over the airspace not only provides legislative, executive, and judicialauthorities of the state but also puts an obligation on the state to provide facilities for aviation safety. The reason for aviation safety airspace of a sovereign state can be delegated to other states to manage the service of navigation, for example, Indonesian air spaces in the Natuna and Batam, are maintained by Singapore for the sa

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Indriati, Noer. "Analysis of International Law on Human Trafficking with Children as The Victims." SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185405004.

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Trafficking in person is interpreted as resulting from a State of social disorganization and crime caused by the variety of social–related things. The social change causes women and children to leave their homes and villages to seek a windfall to the region or another country with a reason to increase the standard of living. This research used normative juridical approach. The specification of research is descriptive, the analysis is juridical analytical, using secondary data that consist of primary and secondary and tertiary. The effective actions had to protect and eradicate the trafficking,

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Jannah, Shofiatul, and Roibin Roibin. "The Urgency of Determining the Post-Divorce Iddah Payment Period in Indonesian Religious Courts." Jurnal Ius Constituendum 8, no. 3 (2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jic.v8i3.7606.

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<p>This study aims to provide legal justice for women after divorce. The determination of the period of payment of iddah income after divorce by the ex-husband to the ex-wife is very important because women who are carrying out the iddah period are not allowed to leave the house. For this reason, husbands are encouraged to provide iddah as stated in the word of Allah surah al-Thalaq:1. But, after divorce, the man disappears regardless of his ex-wife, besides that the policy on determining the period of payment of iddah income has not been regulated in the legislation or the compilation o

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Ramadhan, Adriantito, and Irma Suryani. "CERAI TALAK YANG TERINDIKASI KDRT PERSPEKTIF UU NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG KDRT DAN HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Putusan Nomor 70/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pyk)." JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 2, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v2i2.4330.

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This study aims to explain how the judge's legal considerations in decision number 70/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pyk who provide a living for the wife indicated by nusyuz and to explain how the judge's legal considerations in the decision are reviewed from the PKDRT Law and Islamic Law. This research is a field research. The primary data source is information from the chairman of the panel of judges who decided the case, and the decision. Secondary data sources are obtained from library materials by searching for data or information in the form of written objects such as books, regulatory documents related

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Wijaya, Yudi Yasmin, A’an Efendi, Fanny Tanuwijaya, and Nilna Aliyan Hamida. "Transparency Regarding the Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Philosophical Review." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 1 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i1.11759.

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Tax avoidance has become a significant problem that adversely impacts the state's financial system, and its impact can obstruct the state, resulting in distrust of the government. The distrust towards the government, generally due to the reason for tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is fundamentally people's awareness of economic democracy. In Indonesia, the current discussion refers to the Tax Procedure Act, specifically regulates the obligation of the taxpayer, but limiting the rights of taxpayers. It becomes a crucial problem of transparency as part of social rights. Although the activities indic

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Wijaya, Yudi Yasmin, A’an Efendi, Fanny Tanuwijaya, and Nilna Aliyan Hamida. "Transparency Regarding the Tax Avoidance in Indonesia: A Philosophical Review." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 1 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i1.11759.

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Tax avoidance has become a significant problem that adversely impacts the state's financial system, and its impact can obstruct the state, resulting in distrust of the government. The distrust towards the government, generally due to the reason for tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is fundamentally people's awareness of economic democracy. In Indonesia, the current discussion refers to the Tax Procedure Act, specifically regulates the obligation of the taxpayer, but limiting the rights of taxpayers. It becomes a crucial problem of transparency as part of social rights. Although the activities indic

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Syarihudin, Moh, and Supardi Supardi. "Sosialisasi Pariwisata Halal dan Pendampingan Sertifikasi Halal Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Desa Sintung Peringgarata Lombok Tengah." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nusantara (JPMN) 4, no. 1 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jpmn.v4i1.2665.

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One of the most important aspects of the halal tourism ecosystem is halal food and beverages. For a Muslim, halal is not only a trend but also a necessity, a religious commandment, and a legal mandate. The state guarantees the freedom of its citizens to embrace and carry out religious orders according to their respective beliefs. For this reason, the state guarantees halal products for the Muslim community. The implementation of this is the obligation of halal certification of food and beverage products and goods in circulation both from large companies and MSMEs. Therefore, it is necessary to

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