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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ocean ridge basalts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gale, Allison. "Perspectives on Ocean Ridge Basalts from the Segment to the Global Scale." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10560.

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This study addresses the influences on ridge basalt chemistry, through analysis of their major and trace element and isotopic composition at scales ranging from individual ridge segments to the entire length of the ridge system. Local-scale studies of basalts along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge shed light on crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges, and on the nature of plume-ridge interaction in this region. We show that segments must have multiple supplies of magma delivered along their length, but with preferential delivery of magma to segment centers. Plume-ridge interaction near the Azores is

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2

Kinzler, Rosamond Joyce. "Experimental constraints on the generation and evolution of mid-ocean ridge basalts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54342.

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3

Le, Roux Petrus Jacobus. "The geochemistry of selected mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Southern mid-Atlantic ridge (40°- 55°S)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4207.

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Summary in English.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In 1993, dredge-sampling from 40.6°S to 525.5°S, during cruise 9309 of the R/V Maurice Ewing, greatly increased the number of basalts recovered from this section of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR), and significantly expanded the global suite of samples from slow-spreading ridges.

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4

Jones, William Burrell. "Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from Broken Ridge and Naturaliste Plateau, SE Indian Ocean." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54348.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1991.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41).<br>by William Burrell Jones.<br>M.S.

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5

Bézos, Antoine. "Etude des éléments lithophiles et fortement sidérophiles (Pd, Pt, Ru et Ir) dans les basaltes des dorsales océaniques." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077014.

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6

Shea, Gregory Thomas Francis. "A petrologic study of basalts from the Magic Mountain hydorthermal area, Southern Explorer Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41970.

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The Magic Mountain Hydrothermal Area (MMA) is a 5 km portion of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) centered at 49°46' and 130°20'W. It is a region of active hydrothermal activity located near the culmination of an unusually high standing spreading centre. Seafloor photographs, conductivity-temperature surveys and acoustic images have been used to determine the nature and extent of axial volcanism and tectonism as well as the associated hydrothermal activity. Major element and trace element whole rock analyses were obtained by x-ray flourescence spectrometry (XRF) for 25 recently formed

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7

Cordery, Matthew Jean. "Mantle convection, melt migration and the generation of basalts at mid-ocean ridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52936.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 1991.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-190).<br>by Matthew Jean Cordery.<br>Ph.D.

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8

Elkins, Lynne J. "Basalt petrogenesis beneath slow- and ultraslow-spreading Arctic mid-ocean ridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55327.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>To explore the ability of melting mafic lithologies to produce alkaline ocean-island basalts (OIB), an experimental study was carried out measuring clinopyroxene (Cpx)melt and garnet (Gt)-melt partition coefficients during silica-poor garnet pyroxenite melting for a suite of trace elements, including U and Th, at 2.5GPa and 1420-1450°C. Partitio

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9

Peterman, Kenneth James. "Determination of Oxygen Fugacity using Olivine-Melt Equilibrium: Implications for the Redox States of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt and Ocean Island Basalt Mantle Source Regions." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502803559889083.

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10

VERHOEST, LENA. "Sciogliere un mantello terrestre eterogeneo sotto un estremo gradiente termico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1292196.

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Questa tesi esplora l'eterogeneità litologica del mantello suboceanico sorgente dei basalti eruttati lungo la Dorsale Medio-Oceanica (MORB). Sebbene l'eterogeneità del mantello vari a scala chilometrica, la composizione dei basalti eruttati all'asse della dorsale è in genere relativamente costante. Questo apparente paradosso deriva dall’alto grado di fusione parziale del mantello che media il contributo delle diverse litologie della sorgente al fuso aggregato riducendo la variabilità primaria. Un modo per distinguere il contributo delle singole litologie consite nell’esplorare la variazione co

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11

Guignot, Nicolas. "Stockage des éléments alcalins et devenir de la croûte océanique dans le manteau inférieur." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077159.

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12

Zwan, Froukje Marieke van der [Verfasser]. "Hydrothermal activity at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges : evidence from chlorine in basalt / Froukje Marieke van der Zwan." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052529224/34.

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13

Meyzen, Christine. "Pétrogenèse des MORB dans les zones froides du manteau supérieur indien : la ride sud-ouest indienne et la discordance australo-antarctique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL019N.

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La ride sud-ouest indienne (SWIR) est une des rides les plus lentes (taux d'expansion : 1. 6 cm. An(-¹)) et les plus profondes du réseau mondial de rides médio-océaniques. La mission EDUL a permis d'échantillonner des verres basaltiques localisés entre 69°E, près du point triple de Rodriguez et de 49°E, à 300 km de la zone de fracture Gallieni. Les compositions géochimiques des verres basaltiques permettent de définir trois grandes provinces magmatiques, séparées par les zones de fracture Malville (ZFM) et Gallieni. A l'est de la ZFM (60°45'E), les verres ont des compositions géochimiques qui

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14

Desmet, Alain. "Ophiolites et séries basaltiques crétacées des régions caraïbes et nordandines : bassins marginaux, dorsales ou plateaux océaniques ?" Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10313.

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Les régions caraïbes et nordandines comportent, au crétacé, des séries magmatiques basiques, volcaniques ou ophiolitiques. L'étude petrologique analytique (majeurs, traces, terres rares, microsonde) de quelques séries du Costa Rica, de Colombie et d'Équateur, a permis leur identification magmatique et dynamique. La comparaison des laves à certaines séries volcaniques océaniques actuelles a conduit à une réinterprétation magmatique et géodynamique globale. Au Costa Rica, la péninsule de Santa Elena est formée d'une large nappe ophiolitique tholeiitique avec péridotites, cumulats gabbroiques et

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15

Cannic, Sébastien. "L'évolution magmatique et tectono-métamorphique du substratum du domaine valaisan (complexe du Versoyen, Alpes occidentales) : Implications dans l'histoire alpine." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10155.

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Le domaine valaisan dessine une suture qui marque la limite entre les zones internes et externes des Alpes occidentales. Cette suture est constituée de roches magmatiques d'affinité tholéïtique (le complexe du Versoyen) dont l'interprétation géodynamique était controversée. En effet, suivant les auteurs, cette suture pourrait représenter: 1) une klippe d'origine piémontaise (suture d'hyper-collision), 2) une écaille ophiolitique située au front d'un prisme d'accrétion (suture océanique), 3) un complexe magmatique lié à un amincissement crustal (inversion structurale). Le but de ce travail étai

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16

"Thermodynamic Cartography in Basalt-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62812.

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abstract: Mantle derived basalts along the entirety of the Earth’s Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) spreading centers are continuously altered by seawater, allowing the hydrosphere to subsume energy and exchange mass with the deep, slowly cooling Earth. Compositional heterogeneities inherent to these basalts—the result of innumerable geophysical and geochemical processes in the mantel and crust—generate spatial variation in the equilibrium states toward which these water-rock environments cascade. This alteration results in a unique distribution of precipitate assemblages, hydrothermal fluid chemistries,

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17

McNeill, AW. "The crystallisation history of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Eastern Pacific Ocean and implications for the composition of primary mid-ocean ridge magmas : evidence from mineralogy, pillow-rim glasses and melt inclusion studies." Thesis, 1998. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20444/7/McNeill_whole%20thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.

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An understanding of MORB petrogenesis requires compositional data on primary melts, as these provide direct information on the PT-conditions and mechanisms of mantle melting and melt segregation beneath mid-ocean ridges. The reconstruction of primary melts from the compositions of erupted liquids (pillow-rim glasses) requires an understanding of the early crystallisation history of the primary melts. As recent models of MORB petrogenesis imply that not only early crystallisation, but, also extensive mixing of primary melts occurs, information on the early stages of evolution of the primary mel

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18

Wasylenki, Laura Eileen. "Partial Melting of Depleted Peridotite in the Earth's Upper Mantle and Implications for Generation of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts." Thesis, 1999. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/11860/1/wasylenki-le-1999.pdf.

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<p>Peridotite in the earth's upper mantle undergoes polybaric, fractional melting as it rises adiabatically beneath mid-ocean spreading ridges. As liquid is continually extracted, peridotite becomes increasingly depleted in incompatible components. The amounts and compositions of partial melts of depleted peridotite are important parameters in models of MORB petrogenesis, but have not been well-constrained previously. I present partial melting experiments on a depleted peridotite composition at 10 kbar and 1250–1390°C. My experiments make use of small aggregates of glassy carbon particles into

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19

Sours-Page, Rachel E. "Magmatic processes at mid-ocean ridges evidence from lavas and melt inclusions from the southeast Indian ridge, the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Northern East Pacific Rise /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50234287.html.

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20

Rowan, Linda Rose. "Equation of state of molten mid-ocean ridge basalt. Structure of Kilauea volcano." Thesis, 1993. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7397/1/Rowan_lr_1993.pdf.

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<p>Basalts are the most ubiquitous rocks erupting at the earth's surface at the present time and they provide an important probe of the subsurface processes occurring within planetary interiors. Recent advances in both mineral physics and seismic analysis have allowed me to undertake two independent studies related to the genesis and eruption of basaltic magmas. Chapters 1 and 2 are part of an experimental study conducted in the shock wave laboratory on the equation of state of molten mid-ocean ridge basalt and the chemical interactions of the shocked liquid with its Mo container. My ad

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21

Sylvander, Brendan A. "The Southeast Indian Ridge water contents of MORB glasses and chemical effects of propagating rifts." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27787.

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22

Moore, Aerona. "Primitive melt recharge, and magma-mush mixing in the weeks and months preceding the 2005-06 eruption, EPR, 9˚46’N-9˚56’N." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4698.

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At fast spreading ridges such as the East Pacific Rise (EPR) volcanic eruptions are predicted to occur on a decadal timescale. Due to the limited ability to observe submarine eruptions, little is known about the magmatic processes occurring in the underlying magma chamber leading up to a volcanic event, including differentiation and magma mixing. The recent 2005-06 eruption at 9˚46’N-9˚56’N along the EPR provides a unique opportunity to gain a better understanding of rates of magma transport and magma replenishment associated with a typical eruption. This study examines the geochemistry of phe

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23

Burleigh, Andrew W. "The provenance and trace element signatures of MORB anorthitic plagioclase." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35809.

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In an attempt to understand the phase equilibria and petrogenesis of MORB anorthitic plagioclase, Cr-spinel commonly hosted within anorthitic plagioclase has been investigated petrographically and compositionally. Based on spinel-anorthite relationships from three samples of plagioclase ultra-phyric basalt (PUB; Southeast Indian Ridge, Axial Seamount and West Valley Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge) our work finds that Cr-spinel hosted within anorthitic megacrysts consistently exhibit rounded, partially dissolved morphologies. In addition, spinel included in anorthitic plagioclase are often accompa

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24

Kiseeva, Ekaterina. "Experimental study of carbonated mid ocean ridge basalt at 3.5-21 GPa : implications for the Earth's deep carbon cycle." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151363.

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The carbon cycle is one of the most important chemical fluxes of the Earth. It involves the entire planet from the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere (the exosphere) to its deep interior. Carbon is released from the deep earth to the exosphere during volcanism as a result of CO{u2082} degassing from magmas, or during emplacement of carbonate-rich magmas such as carbonatites into the crust. The major carbon return cycle, from the exosphere back into the deep mantle, is via subduction of oceanic lithosphere at convergent margins. Significant amounts of carbonated rocks (including hydrothermal

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25

Konrad, Kevin. "Helium isotope variations in peridotite, gabbro and basalt from the Kane Oceanic Core Complex." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35375.

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The Kane Oceanic Core Complex (OCC) is a valuable window into crustal architecture and chemical composition of the lithosphere beneath a slow-spreading ocean ridge. A suite of > 30 samples (comprised of whole rocks, mineral separates and basalt glasses) has been analyzed for ��He/��He isotope ratios and He concentrations. Gas extraction experiments included crushing in vacuum, step heating and fusion in a high-vacuum furnace. We found ��He/��He in the two freshest peridotites (harzburgite and olivine websterite) to be identical to ratios measured in basalt glasses collected from the Kane fra

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