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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Official reserves

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Academic literature on the topic 'Official reserves'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Official reserves"

1

Orăștean, Ramona. "The Official Use of International Currencies – Assessments and Implications." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 3 (2015): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0037.

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Abstract The paper analyses the official use of international currencies as reserve currency (store of value) and anchor currency (unit of account). Examining the role as a reserve currency we note that the US dollar is the main reserve currency even if it recorded a decline given the decrease of the value of the US dollar reserve holdings and the gradual diversification of the currencies used. Since 2010, the euro's share decreased continuously may be due to the Eurozone crisis and the euro's depreciation against the US dollar. Then we show that the US dollar dominates as an anchor currency,

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Bertaut, Carol C., Bastian von Beschwitz, and Stephanie E. Curcuru. "The International Role of the U.S. Dollar – 2025 Edition." FEDS Notes, no. 2025-07-18 (July 2025): None. https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3856.

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A key function of a currency is as a store of value which can be saved and retrieved in the future without a significant loss of purchasing power. One measure of confidence in a currency as a store of value is its usage in official foreign exchange reserves. As shown in Figure 2, the U.S. dollar comprised 58 percent of disclosed global official foreign reserves in 2024 and far surpassed all other currencies including the euro (20 percent), Japanese yen (6 percent), British pound (5 percent), and the Chinese renminbi (2 percent). The dollar share has declined from its peak of 72 percent of rese

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Fetisov, G. "Official Reserves of Russia: Volume, Structure, Management." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2005): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-1-49-62.

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Criteria of sufficiency of gold and foreign exchange reserves of Russia are considered in the article. Their minimum size by different criteria is equal to 25 bln. USD. So the Central Bank of Russia can trade part of these reserves for Russian Federation's debts to foreign countries. It is also possible to use gold and foreign exchange reserves to refinance commercial banks credits to exporters and implement modernization projects in the economy. This will decrease foreign borrowings of the private sector, improve structure and efficiency of using gold and foreign exchange reserves without dam

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Wang, Huiwen. "Co-movement Analysis of Foreign Exchange Reserve Volatility in BRICS Countries." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 11, no. 3 (2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v11i3.13195.

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Foreign exchange reserves are an important component of a country's official reserve assets and an important indicator of a country's international liquidity. As representatives of emerging market countries and developing countries, the volatility of the foreign exchange reserves of the BRICS countries is crucial to the world. Studying whether there is volatility of foreign exchange reserves among the five countries is conducive to adjusting the direction of foreign exchange reserve management within the country, better exploring ways to promote the development of the foreign exchange reserve

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Pszczółka, Ireneusz. "Adequacy of foreign reserves of National Bank of Poland." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 46, no. 1 (2024): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2024.002.

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The paper discusses the policy of managing foreign exchange reserves in Poland. The aim is to assess changes in the size and adequacy of official reserve assets in Poland from 2004 to 2023. The main stress is put on the assessment of adequacy of official reserve assets with the most common indicators. The paper is based on the international literature and statistical data. Main sources of necessary data were taken from publications delivered by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Statistic Poland and the National Bank of Poland.

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PARSHINA, Lyubov' N., and Nina V. BORISOVSKAYA. "Gold in the international reserves of countries." Finance and Credit 27, no. 4 (2021): 763–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.4.763.

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Subject. The article addresses the enhanced position of gold as the main international reserve asset of countries. Objectives. The purpose is to prove the increasing role of gold as the main financial asset in the international reserves of countries throughout periods of economic volatility. Methods. The study rests on economic analysis, statistical, economic, and systems approach. Results. Annual changes in the structure of international reserves of the Russian Federation show a decrease in reserve assets denominated in foreign currency. The reserve position in the IMF makes up about 1% of th

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Tolkachenko, E. V. "DEFINITION OF THE «BIOSPHERE NATURE RESERVE» AND «BIOSPHERE RESERVE» CONCEPT ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE." Constitutional State, no. 45 (April 20, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2022.45.254365.

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The article is currently important due to the fact that nowadays there is no concept of the biosphere reserve in the legislation of Ukraine. There is no differentiation of the concepts «biosphere nature reserve» and «biosphere reserve». Although due to the official data of the Ministry of the environmental and natural resources protection, there are 9 biosphere reserves on the territory of Ukraine. Five of them are biosphere nature reserve, among them Chernobyl biosphere nature reserve, which does not have a status of biosphere reserve. It is also interesting, that 4 biosphere reserves do not

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Bayram, Kamola, Adam Abdullah, and Ahamed Kameel Meera. "Identifying the optimal level of gold as a reserve asset using Black–Litterman model." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 11, no. 3 (2018): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-06-2017-0142.

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Purpose After the collapse of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system in 1971, countries moved towards floating exchange rates, and the expectation was that the requirement for foreign reserves would decrease. However, central banks currently hold more foreign exchange reserves to enhance the credibility of exchange rate policies. The demand for gold, which was the main reserve asset prior the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, has increased as a reserve asset once again following the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008, given gold’s characteristics as a safe haven asset and a store

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Nayak, Shibananda, and Mirza Allim Baig. "International reserves and domestic money market disequilibrium." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 5 (2019): 1081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-10-2018-0536.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the likely determinants of the demand for official international reserves (hereafter reserves) for India and China in the long run in a basic buffer stock model. The paper also examines the role of domestic money market disequilibrium in the short-run demand for official reserves for both the countries in a dynamic synthesis model. Design/methodology/approach The study used quarterly data for the time period 1993:Q1–2015:Q4. The long-run model is being estimated by following the Frenkel–Jovanovic (1981) buffer stock model and includes the determi

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Jamalzade, Gunduz, Arif Saldanli, and Elgiz Jamalzade. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE TOTAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVE ADEQUACY OF THE CENTRAL BANK: TURKEY AND AZERBAIJAN." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (2024): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijes.v18i1.6713.

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International foreign exchange reserves are widely acknowledged as a global medium of exchange that possesses a readily available characteristic. Official public assets, which are foreign assets kept and organized by the monetary authorities of countries, serve as a complement to foreign exchange reserves. Adequate levels of foreign exchange reserves are necessary for nations to meet their payment commitments and sustain the stability of their currency. The primary rationale for the Central Bank's decision to maintain liquid foreign exchange reserves is to establish a safeguard against any spe

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Official reserves"

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Ткаченко, Т. В. "Світовий досвід щодо управління офіційними золотовалютними резервами та можливість його використання в Україні". Thesis, Національний університет держаної податкової служби України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63207.

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Мутичко, Ю. В. "Управління офіційними резервними активами центральних банків". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12357.

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У роботі наведено теоретичні аспекти, що стосуються даної теми, а також охарактеризовано способи формування та використання офіційних резервних активів НБУ; проведено аналіз складу, динаміки та структури ЗВР, валютних інтервенцій НБУ, а також досліджено достатність золотовалютних резервів за різними критеріями; проаналізовано світовий досвід формування та використання офіційних резервних активів, визначено проблеми, що виникають у цих процесах. Розроблені теоретичні та практичні положення, що ґрунтуються на міжнародному досвіді, можуть бути використані Національним банком України для формуван

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Deer, Luke Damien. "An alternative approach to international finance: China's official reserve accumulation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7215.

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This thesis seeks to develop an alternative conceptual framework through which to understand international finance. It then applies this framework to the case of China’s recent official foreign exchange accumulation. One view of international financial relations suggests an agenda of state-to-state financial relations, especially in terms of financial power relations between nations (Andrews et.al. 2006). Another view suggests that finance, while being globally mobile, expresses clear national characteristics such that the aggregation of financial transactions will tell a coherent national sto

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Droulers, Alix. "Sortie officinale des médicaments de la réserve hospitalière : situation et optimisation." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P145.

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Dalhammer, Ida. "Kartläggning av allmänna gång- och cykelvägar på kvartersmark : utan rättsligt genomförande." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8207.

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Detaljplaner reglerar hur Sveriges mark och vatten ska användas. Detaljplanering regleras i plan- och bygglagen (2010:900). En detaljplan ska ange vad som är allmän plats, kvartersmark och vattenområde. Allmän plats får beträdas av allmänheten och ägs av kommunen. Kvartersmark kan ägas av olika aktörer men framförallt av privatpersoner. På kvartersmark kan ändamål såsom bostäder, kontor, handel, skola m.m. förekomma. Frivilliga planbestämmelser kan tillämpas i en detaljplan. Den här studien handlar om den frivilliga planbestämmelsen "x". Ett gement "x" i en detaljplan symboliserar ett markrese

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Abdu-Raheem, Kamal Adekunle. "Expanding biodiversity conservation beyond the official mandate of the Dwesa-Cwebe nature reserve of South Africa : qualitative assessment based on Nqabara administrative area." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29190.

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This paper examines the possibility of extending biodiversity conservation onto the communal lands of the Dwesa-Cwebe area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, by investigating the natural resource based factors, the community based factors and the external institutions based factors that have contributed to the perceived success in the on-going biodiversity conservation programme in the Nqabara Administrative Area using the qualitative approach to scientific investigation. To accomplish this, this study developed a conceptual framework to unravel the complex community conservation initiative in

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Крешталь, Віталій Вікторович. "Удосконалення оцінювання кадрів під час формування кадрового резерву в місцевих органах виконавчої влади України". Магістерська робота, 2021. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/6143.

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Крешталь В. В. Удосконалення оцінювання кадрів під час формування кадрового резерву в місцевих органах виконавчої влади України : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 281 "Публічне управління та адміністрування" / наук. керівник К. Ель Гуессаб. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 100 с.<br>UA : Мета дослідження: розробка організаційних аспектів удосконалення професійного оцінювання у плануванні та підготовці кадрового резерву в органах місцевого самоврядування в Україні. Об’єкт дослідження: суспільні відносини, що склалися в процесі формування та реалізації кадрової політики в місцевих органах

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Mathekga, Henrietta Laurencia. "Towards ranger resilience : a social work model to assist rangers in dealing with workplace challenges." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23819.

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Rangers, as vanguards of wildlife conservation, are constantly fighting off armed poachers. That makes their work stressful and dangerous. In spite of this, their needs are neglected and are not considered as the focus is on saving wildlife. Undoubtedly, the African continent is not spared from the unrelenting poaching menace that threatens to drive the world’s wildlife spicies into extinction. In response to this scourge, countries, in their quest to safeguard these species from extermination, have signed various treaties, continuously come up with different strategies and pledged th

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Books on the topic "Official reserves"

1

United States. National Park Service, ed. Arches National Park, Utah: Official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1995.

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United States. National Park Service., ed. San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico: Official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ed. San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico: Official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1993.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Aniakchak, official map and guide: Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1993.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Haleakala: Haleakala National Park, Hawaii : official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Utah: Official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998.

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U.S. National Park Service. Haleakala: Haleakala National Park, Hawaii : official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Chamizal, National Memorial, Texas: Official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1996.

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United States. National Park Service., ed. Jamestown: Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia : official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Jamestown: Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia : official map and guide. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Official reserves"

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Fagugli, R. M., A. Selvi, R. Brugnano, M. Cozzari, U. Buoncristiani, and L. Fedeli. "Renal funtional reserve in kidney transplant recipients." In Transplant International Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77423-2_22.

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Mullins, P. A., J. P. Scott, D. J. Aravot, et al. "Coronary flow reserve and coronary occlusive disease." In Transplant International Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77423-2_80.

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Mullins, P., J. Scott, D. Aravot, et al. "Coronary flow reserve is impaired early after cardiac transplantation." In Transplant International Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77423-2_75.

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Lorgat, Aisha. "“No, We Are Not Fighting Against Foreign Workers and We’ll Never Fight Against Foreign Workers”: Trade Unions and Migrant Rights." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_17.

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AbstractInternational human rights instruments do not explicitly include protection of undocumented migrants, but arguments for their inclusion are made on both normative and pragmatic basis. These denizens are often prevented from accessing rights de facto due to social practices, even when they are accorded de jure rights through legislation. As a result, the overwhelming majority of migrants are faced with limited options, have little voice, and have to make a living among and as part of the precariat. After 1994, South Africa was increasingly seen as a favourable destination for migrants s

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Haddad, Saïd. "France." In The Military and Society. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86741-5_7.

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Abstract Like many governments around the world in 2020, the French government mobilized the country’s armed forces to help fight the COVID-19 global pandemic. The pandemic hit the country on January 24, 2020, when the first official COVID-19 case was identified and confirmed in the south of France. On March 16 the French president held a televised speech during which he announced a nationwide lockdown for at least 15 days starting the next day. During the same address, he called on the armed forces (the three branches of the military) to support the civil authorities. 4000 military personnel

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Nyyssönen, Jukka. "Chapter 7. Sámi Frames in the Planning and Management of Nature Protection Areas in Historical Perspective – Environmental Non-conflict in Inari." In Green Development or Greenwashing? The White Horse Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/63824846758018.ch07.

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What kind of framings can be detected in Sámi opinions on conservation of nature in Inari? The region has witnessed recurrent conflicts over land usage, fought between forestry officials and Sami herders. Establishment of nature reserves has aroused severe disputes as well, but conservation enjoys continuing support among the Sámi herders. This article charts the preconditions for this state of affairs through cases of the establishment of the state park of Koilliskaira (1975–1982) and recent administrative measures in park administration by the Sami Parliament (2000s). An analysis is undertak

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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Basutoland and Swaziland: 1912–2005." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_9.

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AbstractBasutoland came under British rule in the late nineteenth century. By the 1930s, the Territory’s transformation into a labour reserve for South Africa’s mines decimated its food production, impoverished its population and brought about a TB epidemic. The mines paid uneconomic wages and refused to pay compensation for occupational injury. In addition to those repatriated with tuberculosis or silicosis, the mines produced such a steady stream of sick and injured workers that mine accidents constituted the largest single cause of disability amongst men of working age.Swaziland was the sma

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Imamovic-Cizmic, Kanita. "Euroisation and Monetary Policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina : Situation and Perspectives." In Studies Of The Central European Professors’ Network. Central European Academic Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54237/profnet.2025.jeszgymmcep_8.

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The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina is an independent monetary institution established by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina as the sole authority for conducting monetary policy at the state level. Its powers and organisational structure are regulated by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Annex 4 of the Dayton Peace Agreement) and the Law on the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In accordance with these acts, the Central Bank functions as a currency board, where the convertible mark is officially tied to the euro (EUR). This paper provides an overview of the regul

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Rigsby, Jeff. "The Fund for the Afghan People." In Still Here: Understanding and Engaging with Afghanistan after August 2021. Scandinavian Military Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31374/book3.l.

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This chapter explores the establishment and challenges of the Fund for the Afghan People, a Switzerland-based charity created in September 2022 to safeguard part of Afghanistan’s central bank reserves and facilitate cross-border transactions. Utilizing official government documentation, personal communications, and published research on Afghanistan’s economy, the chapter examines the economic, political, and legal context of the Fund’s creation shedding light on an often-underexplored topic. The main argument centers on the misconceptions regarding U.S. intentions and the reasons for the Fund’

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Rellán Gonzalo, García Mendive Iñaki, Quaglia Gastón, Abad Ariel, Figueroa Juan Natalio, and Sfriso Alejo Oscar. "Geotechnical challenges of the biggest mining project in Argentina." In From Fundamentals to Applications in Geotechnics. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-603-3-1646.

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Pascua-Lama is the first bi-national mining project in the world, located between 3800 and 5200m.a.s.l. on the borderline between Chile and Argentina. Pascua lies on the Chilean side, in Huasco Province in the Atacama region, while Lama lies on the Argentinean side, in the Iglesia department in San Juan province. The project is developed by Barrick Gold and consists of the open-pit mine of one of the world's largest gold and silver deposits, with more than fifteen million ounces of proven and probable gold reserves and six hundred and seventy-five million ounces of silver contained within the

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Conference papers on the topic "Official reserves"

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Ganiev, Junus, Damira Baigonushova, and Nevin Aydın. "The Relationship between Exchange Rate, Official Reserves and Money Supply in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01836.

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In recent years, there has been considerable instability in the exchange rates of many countries. This can directly affect macroeconomic stability on one side and monetary policy or rather money supply on the other. Because central banks are making interventions to the foreign exchange market by buying and selling foreign exchange in order to provide stability of exchange rate. As a result, both the official reserves and the money supply are constantly changing. Since Kyrgyzstan is a country dependent on imports in most commodities, the Central Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic sees the exchange rat

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Hockamp-Mack, Sigrid. "IV. 7. Partnership and Networking of Biosphere Reserves (establishing official Working Groups dedicated to coordinating Partnerships between German Biosphere Reserves and International Biosphere Reserves)." In Euromab Austria 2005. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/euromab_austria2005s121.

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Morales, Enrique, and John Lee. "Can Reasonable Certainty be Assessed from Disclosed Proved Reserves Revisions?" In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209695-ms.

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Abstract If properly estimated, technical revisions to disclosed proved reserves can be used to establish the reasonable certainty of both proved developed and undeveloped reserves. The trends in these technical revisions are important because they should result in overall positive revisions in EUR within a representative time period. If this criterion is not met, then the proved status of the reserves disclosed becomes questionable with the implications that this may have in depreciation, profit and loss, impairment tests and other reserves indicators where proved reserves are used. Unfortuna

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Hrybinenko, Olha Hrybinenko, Olena Bulatova, and Olha Zakharova. "Financial indicators in the system of economic security of the world countries." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.672.

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The paper is aimed at quantitative evaluation of the level of countries’ financial solvency based on the use of a multidimensional methodical toolkit for evaluating financial indicators of a country’s development, which results in the construction of the appropriate integral security indices. Unlike other methods to assess the level of security, the proposed approach makes it possible to determine not only the integrated level of a financial component of the economic security but also to calculate the quantitative thresholds of the financial indicators aggregated in the integral index (gold an

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Grinchel, B. M., and E. А. Nazarova. "Disproportions and balancing of social and economic development of the regions of the North-Western Federal District." In REGIONAL ECONOMY AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT. INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-7310-5861-2-2022-16-1-22-33.

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The study examines the socio-economic development of the regions from the point of view of the disproportions and balance of the competitive attractiveness of the regions of Russia. A method for calculating interregional and interfacial imbalances and the balance of regional development based on point estimates of competitive attractiveness is proposed. It is shown that the disproportions and balancing in terms of the competitive attractiveness of regions can be indicators of the quality of the development of the territory, and the evaluation results reflect the features, disadvantages and res

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Burea, Svetlana, Nicoleta Melnic, and Corina Ajder. "Inclusive strategy for writing english in international treaty declaration." In Conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională "Integrare prin cercetare și inovare", dedicată Zilei Internaționale a Științei pentru Pace și Dezvoltare. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/spd2024s.70.

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Inclusive Strategy for Writing English in International Treaty, Declarations was priority of official, working language in Internationalization and Globalization English in Convention, Agreement, Declarations, Treaty, and its implementation. Writing opening addresses, statements of Heads of Delegations, Statement of Declaration, Conclusion of Conference, of Meeting, Joint Committee, Declaration, Agreement, Treaty, Amendments, Revising, Conditions and Transitional Reserves, Friendly settlement, Unilateral Declaration sigh and ratify, enter in force and implementation. In Council of Europe was o

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Kirillova, E., and E. Turchaninova. "RED BOOK SPECIES OF BIRDS OF THE VORONEZH REGION." In FORESTRY-BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL PHYTOCOENOSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/fbfsnap2024_185-190.

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The article describes the rich nature of the Voronezh region, noting the diversity of avian fauna, which was formed due to favorable climatic conditions and black soil. The purpose of this work is to describe some of the most vulnerable bird species in the Voronezh region, listed in the Red Book. The Red Book of the Voronezh Region includes a list of rare, endangered or extinct species. This is the main document containing important information about the status of endangered and rare species, which determines the direction of practical measures to protect and increase their numbers. Particular

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Mmesomachukwu, Chuma-Udeh Paula, and Okereke Ndubuisi Uchechukwu. "Improving Natural Gas Utilization in Nigeria: An Analysis of the Domestic Gas Industry From 2010-2022." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221746-ms.

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Abstract This paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of natural gas utilization in Nigeria over a twenty-year period (2010-2022), with a focus on forecasting future trends in demand, production, and consumption. The primary objective is to identify challenges and propose strategic measures for enhancing the effective use of Nigeria's abundant natural gas resources. The study adopts a forecast method, leveraging the Scrapy web scraping tool for systematic data collection from official websites. Validation processes ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data, maintaining eth

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Fawzy, M. G., H. K. Hassan, and K. S. Dhaher. "First-Ever MWD Dynamic Directional Surveys in the Norwegian Continental Shelf." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216210-ms.

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Abstract This paper describes a successful campaign conducted in the Norwegian continental shelf, utilizing state-of-the-art measurement-while-drilling (MWD) dynamic surveying techniques. The objective of the campaign was to achieve stable bottomhole pressure and improve wellbore placement in the Duva field reservoirs. Located in the western section of the Gjøa field, approximately 30 km west of the Norwegian coastline in the northern North Sea, the Duva field contains oil and gas reserves, with oil discovery made in 2016. The Duva field development plan included three oil production wells, on

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Боков, Юрий Александрович. "ASSESSMENT OF THE «CULTURE OF THE VOTER» BY THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF PRUSSIA OF THE XIX CENTURY." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt189.2021.70.81.007.

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В Пруссии XIX века не использовался термин "электоральная культура", но акцентировалось внимание на "культурности избирателя". Официальная пресса отмечала, что культурный избиратель консервативен, сдержан, любит свою страну, принадлежит к христианской конфессии и участвует в выборах. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-011-00436. In the Prussia of the XIX century, the term "electoral culture" was not used, but attention was focused on the "culture of the voter". The official press noted that the cultural voter is conservative, reserved, loves his

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Reports on the topic "Official reserves"

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Ahmed, Rashad, and Alessandro Rebucci. Dollar Reserves and U.S. Yields: Identifying the Price Impact of Official Flows. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30476.

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Goldberg, Linda S., and Oliver Hannaoui. Drivers of Dollar Share in Foreign Exchange Reserves. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1087.

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The share of U.S. dollar assets in the official foreign exchange reserve portfolios of central banks is sometimes taken as an indicator of dollar status. We show that the observed decline in the aggregate share of U.S. dollar assets does not stem from a systematic shift in currency preferences away from holding dollar assets. Instead, a small group of countries with large foreign exchange reserve balances drive the dollar share decline observed in aggregate statistics. This arises either due to countries conducting monetary policy vis-à-vis the euro or due to preference shifts away from dollar

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Noy, Ilan, Oscar Becerra, and Eduardo A. Cavallo. Foreign Aid in the Aftermath of Large Natural Disasters. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011405.

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This paper examines Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the aftermath of large natural disasters between 1970 and 2008. Using an event-study approach, the paper finds that while the median increase in ODA is 18 percent compared to pre-disaster flows, the typical surge is small in relation to the size of the affected economies. Moreover, aid surges typically cover only 3 percent of the total estimated economic damages caused by the disasters. The main determinants of post-disaster aid surges are found to be the intensity of the event itself and the recipient country's characteristics such

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Occhiali, Giovanni, and Michael Falade. Missing the Forest for the Trees: Ekiti State’s Quest for Forestry Revenue and its Impact on Forest Management. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.039.

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Forests are important socio-economic assets in many low-income countries. However, they are often over-exploited as governments do not sufficiently valorise them, including by taxing them inefficiently. This is the case across Nigeria, where forest management and taxation has been effectively decentralised from the federal government to individual states. In this paper we assess the current forestry tax regime in Ekiti State, one of the eight Nigerian states where forests represent more than 50 per cent of land area, and where forest revenue has been historically relevant. Based on 16 intervie

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Suarez, David, Roni Szwedzki, César P. Bouillon, et al. Country Program Evaluation: El Salvador (2009-2014). Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010607.

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This country program evaluation (CPE) was conducted during the preparation of a new country strategy with El Salvador for the 2015-2019 period. The evaluation therefore includes the findings from the strategy in effect from 2010 to 2014 (document GN-2575). According to the country program evaluations protocol (document RE-348-3), the main goal of the CPE is "to provide information on Bank performance at the country level that is credible and useful, and that enables the incorporation of lessons and recommendations that can be used to improve the development effectiveness of the Bank's overall

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Research Department - Balance of Payments Section - International Reserves - Official Reserve Assets Work Sheets. 1950 - 1974. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/19425.

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