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Sundstrom, Krystal. "Rhizomatic Resistance: Teacher Activism and the Opt-Out Movement." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24223.
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High-stakes testing has grown in scope and impact in recent years, as accountability decisions regarding funding, school sanctions, and teacher evaluations often depend on standardized test results. The shift toward more stringent and punitive testing mandates has not gone unchallenged however, as pockets of resistance have emerged among teachers, parents, and scholars, and a growing "opt-out" movement has picked up steam nationwide. Teachers in particular have played a critical role in resistance to high-stakes testing, even while adhering to these same policies in their professional roles. This study examines resistance to standardized testing via the 'opt-out' movement organizing process. I specifically look at teachers' participation in organizing and resistance, and how positions as teachers and sometimes parents influence their participation. I frame the project with a post-structuralism lens, utilizing the Deleuzoguattarian concept of the rhizome to illustrate the complex and connected nature of teachers' involvement in this social movement.
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Shepard, Samuel Steven. "Anonymous Opt-Out and Secure Computation in Data Mining." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194282001.
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Colantonio, Sophia. "Evaluation of Opt-Out HIV Screening in Family Planning Sites." Thesis, Yale University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548082.
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Background: In September 2006, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended changing to opt-out screening of HIV for all patients in all health-care settings and for all pregnant women as part of the routine panel of prenatal screening. In opt-out HIV testing, a health care provider verbally informs the patient that the test will be performed and consent is assumed unless they refuse. Earlier opt-in HIV testing guidelines required informed written consent and was targeted at high-risk populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of opt-out HIV screening in family planning centres.
Methods: In 2011, data were collected in a pre-post survey design study conducted at 6 Planned Parenthood of Southern New England (PPSNE) clinical centres in Connecticut. The pre-test period used opt-in HIV screening and the post-test period used opt-out HIV screening. Differences in participant characteristics and HIV testing rates, satisfaction, and perceptions of HIV testing were compared between the pre (n=250) and post periods (n=250). Patient characteristics examined were gender, age, race, language, income, family size, insurance status, previous HIV and STD testing at Planned Parenthood.
Results: The mean age of patients offered HIV screening was 26 years old, 58% were white, 26% were black, 12% were Hispanic, and 3.2% were other races. Three-quarters of participants were female. Characteristics of patients receiving opt-in and opt-out screening did not significantly differ for all variables except income (p>0.05 for all except income). HIV testing rates (74% and 75%, respectively) and satisfaction with HIV testing (75% and 77%) were similar between both opt-in and opt-out groups (p>0.05 for both). However, patients receiving opt-in versus opt-out screening differed significantly with respect to their opinions of HIV opt-out screening (93% vs. 98% agreed that HIV screening should be routine for the general population). Patients accepting versus refusing opt-out HIV testing in the post-period differed significantly based on gender, testing centre, and reason for visit (p<0.05 for all). Those accepting opt-out testing were more likely to be male, tested in Hartford North, and seeking care for an asymptomatic STD test. At an alpha level of 0.05, both the full and reduced multivariate logistic regression models revealed that individuals who were tested in Danielson were less likely to accept opt-out HIV testing (as compared to reference categories). Hispanics and individuals seeking care for asymptomatic STD visits were more likely to accept opt-out HIV testing (as compared to reference categories).
Conclusion: In family planning centres, opt-in and opt-out HIV screening have similar outcomes in patients' characteristics, HIV testing rates and satisfaction. Testing rates were high in the pre-test period, which may have resulted in a ceiling effect on the HIV testing rates in the post-test period. Opt-out testing was less effective for some groups and further studies should be conducted to understand this phenomenon.
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Bailey, Sam MPH, and Nathan PhD MPH Hale. "Patient Choice to Opt-In or Opt-Out of Telephonic Health-Related Social Need Navigation Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/230.
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Background: Ballad Health participates in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model. The AHC model is evaluating if universal screening, referral, and navigation services for health-related social needs (HRSN) can improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary utilization and costs of health care services. To ensure the evaluation of the model has sufficient statistical power, navigation services are expected to be provided to a minimum number of individuals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Ballad Health’s AHC navigation services that could be modified to improve opt-in rates.
Methods: The primary outcome measure was identified as whether a beneficiary contacted via telephone opted-in or –out of the navigation program. Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Health Service Use was used as the conceptual framework for selecting covariates of interest. Enabling factors were of primary interest because alternate interventions may be designed around them. Data was pulled for the time period of November 17, 2018 through February 14, 2019. Where possible, covariates were associated with data from CMS’ AHC Data Template v3.1 to accommodate replication for all AHC bridge organizations, though additional internally-collected data, which may not be available for all bridge organizations, were needed for some variables. Chi-squared tests were performed for each covariate.
Results: No statistical differences were found for the primary covariates of interest. Opt-in rates by Navigator were lowest for Navigator 5 and highest for Navigator 4 (67.53% and 88.24%). Opt-in rates by weekday of decision were lowest on Thursdays and highest on Wednesdays (64.91% and 77.42%). Opt-in rates based on time of day were lowest between 8:00am and 9:59am, and highest between 12:00pm and 1:59pm (62.50% and 100%). Opt-in rates were lowest when the decision was made six days after the screening and highest when made the same day (53.57% and 83.33%). Opt-in rates were lowest when there were five weekdays between screening and navigation decision, and highest when there were three weekdays between the screening and decision (60% and 90%). Other non-process covariates of interest that were statistically significant for opt-in rates were the presence of either food, safety, or utility needs.
Conclusions: Several groups had higher opt-in rates that were not statistically significant; small sample sizes may have impacted the significance of these differences. For example, opt-in rates were higher when made the same day as the screening than when made one day after (83.33% and 74.79%). However, only 18 beneficiary decisions were made on the same day, while 119 were made one day after. Increasing the number of same-day phone call attempts may be a method to improve opt-in rates. Importantly, date and time data for contact attempts before a beneficiary decides to opt-in or opt-out were unavailable as of the time of the analysis. These data are captured and will be added to the analysis when available, which could provide more insight into whether a beneficiary is more likely to opt-in or opt-out.
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Reddy, Krishnaveni. "The opt-out revolution by women in management : myth or reality?" Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/57.
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Women around the world are not making much progress up the corporate ladder
but instead; many are frustrated and choosing to leave their jobs. The purpose of
this study was to identify what challenges are facing senior level women in the
corporate world, which would make them leave/desire to leave work and the role
played by organisations in this situation.
Interviews and survey research were done on a sample of qualified, experienced
women over the age of 30, who are either in the corporate world or who have left.
The study showed that women are leaving or have a strong desire to leave due
to a combination of workplace and personal factors, and that South African
organisations are not doing much to retain them. The implication of this is that
they are going to continue losing high calibre women, if they do not implement
effective retention strategies very quickly.
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Höen, Bustos Emma. "When women opt out of politics : Exploring gendered barriers to political candidacy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312933.
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This study aims to explore women’s perceived barriers to enter politics investigated through a Colombian case study. The Colombian case highlights a paradox common in Latin America where representation levels of women in legislatures are low, but representation in other professions is high. Research on gender and candidate selection has so far mainly focused on applying a macro, top-down perspective and describing objectively defined barriers to women’s political representation. This study changes the perspective and focuses on applying a bottom-up approach, focusing on individual women and their subjective views on barriers to enter politics. The material was collected during an 8-week field study in various locations in Colombia between July and August 2016. The findings suggest that the intersection between socioeconomic factors and gender play a large role in defining barriers to enter politics. Personal as well as systemic factors interoperate to lower both the “supply” and “demand” of candidates. The results also suggest that some professional groups are more likely to reject institutional participation, focusing political efforts on activism, and that families and political parties both serve as “gatekeepers” enabling or disabling political representation. Key words: Gendered barriers to enter politics, political participation and representation, candidate selection, Colombia, clientelism, formal and informal institutions.
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Elliott, Ian C. "Barriers to the implementation of opt-out vouchers for public leisure services." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443244.
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Carvalho, Luiza Maria Pinto de. "Carreira caleidoscópio: um estudo qualitativo sobre as decisões de carreira de mulheres executivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-04022019-143813/.
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Depois de algumas décadas da entrada das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, esperava-se que a equidade de gênero já fosse uma realidade nas organizações. Porém, os números mostram que os homens ainda são maioria e que quanto mais alto o cargo, menor a quantidade de mulheres. No Brasil, segundo pesquisa do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), em 2016, 60,9% dos cargos gerenciais, tanto no poder público quanto na iniciativa privada, eram ocupados por homens e 37,8% por mulheres. As mulheres continuam ganhando menos com salários em torno de 75% inferiores ao dos homens. A questão do aumento da presença das mulheres nas organizações deve ser vista como um problema econômico, pois elas representam talentos que podem contribuir para o aumento da produtividade e dos resultados financeiros das organizações, gerando impactos positivos em toda a economia. De fato, a maioria das mulheres possui carreiras não lineares e realizam mudanças de trajetórias em suas carreiras. O termo \"opt out\" foi utilizado para explicar a saída de mulheres altamente qualificadas das organizações. Acreditava-se que o principal motivo desta mudança de carreira era em função da maternidade e da família. Porém, Mainiero e Sullivan (2005) fizeram uma extensa pesquisa e descobriram que os motivos do \"opt out\" eram muito mais complexos. Necessidade de oportunidades interessantes, reconhecimento e equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e profissional são fundamentais para as mulheres. Desenvolveram, então, um novo modelo de carreira chamado de modelo da carreira caleidoscópio. Baseado no funcionamento do caleidoscópio, considera que as decisões de carreira dependem de três pilares: autenticidade, balanço e desafio. As pessoas ajustam suas carreiras de acordo com a importância de cada um desses pilares ao longo de suas vidas. Com base no modelo da carreira caleidoscópio, esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa analisou os fatores que influenciam as decisões de carreira de mulheres executivas. No referencial teórico, foram considerados 3 construtos principais: carreira, gênero e ambiente corporativo. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas não estruturadas com 2 grupos de mulheres na fase intermediária de carreira e com pelo menos 1 filho: mulheres que permanecem na carreira corporativa e mulheres que mudaram de carreira. A análise dos resultados foi feita em 2 partes: a análise cronológica das carreiras dessas mulheres e a análise de conteúdo com a categorização e análise das respostas obtidas. As conclusões mostraram que as decisões de carreira das mulheres são extremamente complexas e dependem de inúmeros fatores. Vida pessoal e profissional devem ser analisadas de forma integrada e a maternidade não é o fator decisivo para as mudanças de carreira das mulheres. O modelo da carreira caleidoscópio mostrou-se bastante aderente à análise efetuada e os pilares autenticidade, balanço e desafio foram priorizados de acordo com cada momento. Clima organizacional e liderança positivos, políticas corporativas, suporte da família e do parceiro e equilíbrio nos pilares autenticidade, desafio e balanço são alguns dos fatores que contribuem diretamente para a permanência na carreira corporativa. Diante de dificuldades, insatisfação e desequilíbrios nos pilares da carreira caleidoscópio, as mulheres tomam suas decisões de carreira e em alguns casos, fazem o \"opt out\" total.After a few decades of women entering the labor market, it was expected that gender equity would already be a reality in organizations. However, men are still the majority and the differences are worse at the top positions. In Brazil, according to IBGE, in 2016, women represented only 37,8% of the management positions in the state and private companies and their wages were 25% lower than men\'s. To increase the presence of women in organizations should be seen as an economic problem, since they represent talents that can contribute to the increase of productivity and financial results of the organizations, generating positive impacts throughout the economy. In fact, most women have non-linear careers and make career changes. The \"opt out\" term was used to explain the evasion of highly skilled women from organizations. Maternity and family reasons were considered the main reasons for these career changes. However, Mainiero and Sullivan (2006) found out that the opt out reasons were more complex. Interesting opportunities, recognition and balance between personal and professional life were considered very important factors for women\'s lives. As a result of this research, they developed the kaleidoscope career model. Based on the kaleidoscope\'s system, it considers that career decisions depend on three pillars: authenticity, balance and challenge. People adjust their careers according to the importance of each of these pillars throughout their lives. Based on the kaleidoscope career model, this qualitative research examined the factors that influence the career decisions of executive women. In the theoretical reference, 3 main constructs were considered: career, gender and corporate environment. There were 18 unstructured interviews with 2 mid-career women groups and at least 1 child: women who remained in the corporate career and women who changed their careers. The analysis of the results was done in two parts: the chronological analysis of the careers of these women and the content analysis with the categorization and analysis of the answers obtained. The findings showed that women\'s career choices are extremely complex and depend on a number of factors. Personal and professional life should be analyzed in an integrated way and motherhood is not the decisive factor for women\'s career changes. The kaleidoscope career model showed to be quite adherent to the analysis performed and the authenticity, balance and challenge pillars were prioritized according to each moment. Positive organizational climate and leadership, corporate policies, family and partner support and the pillars of authenticity, challenge and balance are some of the factors that directly contribute to the permanence in the corporate career. Difficulties, dissatisfaction and imbalances in the cornerstones of the kaleidoscope career can lead women to make significant career decisions and, in some cases, opt out.
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Szolowicz, Michael A., and Michael A. Szolowicz. "Opt Out! Understanding Resistance to the Common Core's Testing Regime Through Political Spectacle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622994.
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The standardized testing regime begun under No Child Left Behind and continued with the Common Core is being challenged. Opt Out is a national movement in which parents refuse to have their children partake in state mandated tests. This case study examines the Opt Out movement through the lens of political spectacle which suggests public policy is largely formed through dramatic public acts that reinforce existing inequalities. Arguing that Opting Out is inherently a dramatic public act, the study examines the Opt Out movement’s impact on legislative educational policy formation in the State of Arizona. Opt Out legislation and texts formed from the accompanying legislative debate, relevant media, and interviews with legislators are critically analyzed to further explain the mechanics of political spectacle. Theoretical aspects of political spectacle such as the current political spectacle framework and current methodological issues involved with the theory are also critiqued with possible solutions proposed.
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Nelson, Erin Da‐Hye. "Evaluation of an Opt-Out HIV Screening Program in the Maricopa County Jails." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623513.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Since inmates are a population disproportionately affected by HIV, correctional settings are important sites for delivering HIV services. The Maricopa county (Phoenix Area) jail system is the 4th largest in the nation. In 2011, the Maricopa County Correctional Health Service implemented an opt‐out HIV screening program for individuals booked into the Maricopa County Jails (MCJ). The aims of this study were to determine for the years 2012‐2014: • The number of inmates screened for HIV • The HIV positivity rate • The number of newly diagnosed patients • The clinical characteristics of the newly diagnosed HIV positive patients Five to seven days after booking, inmates are offered HIV screening. These laboratory records were used to determine the number of inmates tested and positivity. Prior history of previous HIV diagnosis was obtained from Maricopa public health records. Retrospective chart review of the MCJ health and case management records, including Ryan White forms, was performed to gather gender, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, drug use, homelessness and co‐morbidities of newly HIV‐infected persons, such as Hepatitis C and prior STDs. Categorical factors were compared between groups with the Chi‐square test. Means were compared using a standard t test. P values ≤0.05 were considered significant. A total of 319,575 persons were booked and 46,346 were screened (14.5%) for HIV during the study period. The majority of booked inmates were male (76.9%) and Caucasian (50.8%). The mean age of inmates was 36 years. There were 70 newly HIV‐diagnosed patients. Chi squared and t tests comparing newly diagnosed individuals to the general jail population revealed statistical significance for male gender (p=0.02), African American race (p=0.04), and age (p=0.003). Undiagnosed HIV, including AIDS (CD4 counts <200), is an important issue among individuals booked into the MCJ. Compared to the general jail population, HIV is more likely to be diagnosed in males rather than females, younger patients, and African‐American patients. Additionally, IV drug use, polysubstance abuse, other STDs (particularly syphilis), high risk sexual activity, Hepatitis C and homelessness were common among HIV positive patients. Surveillance should be continued and include more patient education on the importance of screening. Furthermore, targeting high‐risk populations may result in even greater numbers of individuals being diagnosed and treated. Within the next year, all patients at the MCJ will also be offered screening for Hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. This may also result in more patients agreeing to be screened, and subsequently diagnosed with HIV.
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Raia, Katrina. "Students who opt out of school uniform versus those who don't : what's the difference?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/296.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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Scalabrin, Ana Carla. "Carreiras sem fronteiras e trajetórias descontínuas: um estudo descritivo sobre decisões de opt-out." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-03092008-110945/.
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Diversos pesquisadores têm sinalizado que o impacto da globalização e das modernas tecnologias da informação e comunicação transformou a noção de como o trabalho é desenvolvido nas organizações. No atual contexto, antigas promessas de estabilidade de emprego não conseguem mais ser sustentadas, fazendo-se necessário repensar os paradigmas de desenvolvimento profissional. Frente a este cenário, surge uma abordagem denominada carreiras sem fronteiras, onde os indivíduos transitam mais livremente entre diversas organizações, desatrelam suas identidades de empregadores específicos e incorporam outras dimensões da vida humana, além da profissional, como elementos vitais à sua realização pessoal. Além disso, o novo paradigma comporta de forma mais natural interrupções temporárias de carreira, entendendo-as como parte da evolução profissional e de vida do indivíduo. Neste sentido, pesquisadores americanos têm crescentemente investigado um movimento denominado \"revolução opt-out\", descrevendo indivíduos altamente qualificados e com alto desempenho que, em busca de maior realização pessoal, voluntariamente tomam alguma decisão de carreira que vai de encontro às tradicionais premissas de evolução profissional. Alguns modelos explicativos têm sido elaborados buscando compreender as motivações de tais profissionais, dentre os quais o modelo ABC de carreiras caleidoscópio utilizado neste trabalho. Embora muito se discuta sobre o cenário acima no exterior, não existem estudos científicos investigando se o movimento opt-out ocorre no país, e se ocorre, quais as suas características e qual o perfil dos profissionais que o adotam, sendo este, portanto, o objeto de pesquisa deste trabalho. Para examinar tais questões, realizou-se um censo quantitativo e descritivo de 248 ex-alunos de graduação e pós-graduação da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA USP), que estiveram presentes em encontro de ex-alunos realizado em 10 de novembro de 2007. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial (testes qui-quadrado, t de Student, análise de variância, análise de correspondência e análise fatorial). Os resultados obtidos levaram à aceitação das quatro hipóteses propostas para o trabalho, indicando que uma parcela significativa dos respondentes já fez movimentos opt-out ao longo da carreira, e foram comprovadas vinculações significativas entre o perfil dos respondentes e a realização de opt-out; entre o perfil dos respondentes e os motivos apontados para a decisão; e entre os tipos de movimento opt-out e as razões subjacentes à decisão.Several researchers have indicated that the impact of globalization and modern information and communication technologies transformed the notion of how work is done in the organizations. In the present context, previous promises of job stability can no longer be sustained, resulting in the need to rethink the paradigms of professional development. In this scenario, it comes into play a concept called boundaryless careers, in which individuals move more freely among different organizations, dissociating their identities from specific employers and incorporating other dimensions of life - beyond their professional activities - as essential elements for their personal fulfillment. Furthermore, the new paradigm accepts temporary career interruptions in a more natural way, considering them as part of the evolution of professional and personal lives. In that regard, American researchers are increasingly investigating a movement called \"opt-out revolution\", describing highly qualified and highly performing individuals who voluntarily make a career decision contrary to the traditional premises of professional evolution. Some explanatory models have been elaborated in order to understand the motivations of these individuals, including the ABC model of kaleidoscope careers used in the present study. Despite the intense discussions abroad regarding such scenario, there are no scientific studies investigating if the opt-out movement occurs in Brazil and, if it occurs, what characteristics it has and what is the profile of professionals who adopt it - and these are the objectives of the current study. To examine these questions, a quantitative and descriptive research was performed involving 248 graduate and post-graduate alumni from the School of Economics, Management, and Accounting of the University of São Paulo (FEA USP), who attended the alumni meeting occurred in November 10th, 2007. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (qui-square test, t-Student test, analysis of variance, correspondence analysis and factor analysis). The results permit to accept the four hypotheses proposed for this study, indicating that a significant amount of the respondents had done opt-out movements along their careers, and significant connections were found between the respondents` profiles and the adoption of opt-out movements; between the respondents` profiles and the reasons for making such decisions; and between the type of opt-out movement and the reasons for making the opt-out decisions.
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Hertzman, Lovisa, and Linnea Nilsson. "Värdet av ett veto : En samhällsekonomisk lönsamhetskalkyl för ett borttagande av närståendevetot vid organdonation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176938.
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Under tidig vår 2021 presenterade den svenska regeringen en proposition som skulle innebära ändringar i transplantationslagen. Eftersom det råder organbrist i Sverige är syftet med propositionen att fler donationer ska möjliggöras. Ett av förslagen är ett borttagande av närståendevetot vilket innebär att anhöriga inte längre har rätt att neka donation från en avliden närstående när donationsviljan är okänd, även kallat ett hard opt out-system. Sverige skulle då bli det tredje landet i världen att införa ett sådant donationssystem. Det finns få studier som undersöker effekten av ett borttagande av närståendevetot, framförallt ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv. Syftet med vår uppsats är att analysera en sådan systemförändring i Sverige genom en CBA. Som komplement till vår CBA genomför vi en enkätstudie för att analysera vissa icke-monetära effekter. Vi vill också undersöka om inställningen till organdonation har förändrats sedan den senaste undersökningen gjordes år 2015. Resultatet visar en mer positiv inställning till organdonation i vår studie jämfört med tidigare. I huvudkalkylen ger de monetärt värderade effekterna av ett borttagande av närståendevetot en nettobesparing på 427 miljoner kronor. Förutsatt att de icke-monetära effekterna inte uppgår till en kostnad på mer än 427 miljoner kronor är ett borttagande av närståendevetot en samhällsekonomiskt lönsam åtgärd. I känslighetsanalysen presenteras flera alternativa kalkyler där de monetära effekterna ger en positiv nettobesparing i samtliga vilket tyder på ett robust resultat i vår huvudkalkyl. Trots att våra beräkningar tyder på att ett borttagande av närståendevetot leder till en nettobesparing kan uppsatsen inte fastställa om det är den mest kostnadseffektiva åtgärden. Tidigare studier menar att det inte finns bevis för att borttagandet i sig leder till fler donerade organ och att strukturella förändringar kan vara minst lika betydelsefulla, om inte mer. Vi rekommenderar att fler jämförande studier görs med länder som har en hög andel donatorer för att kunna utvärdera vilka åtgärder som skulle vara mest kostnadseffektiva i Sverige.In early spring 2021, the Swedish government presented a bill that would entail amendments to the Transplantation Act. Since there is an organ shortage in Sweden, the purpose of the bill is to enable more donations. One of the proposals is the removal of the family consent which means that relatives will no longer have the right to refuse donation from a deceased relative when the willingness to donate is unknown, also known as a hard opt out system. This would make Sweden the third country in the world to implement such a donation system. There are few previous studies which examine the economic aspect of removing the family consent. The purpose of our thesis is to analyze such a systemic change in Sweden through a CBA. In addition to our CBA, we conduct a survey to analyze certain non-monetary effects. We also seek to analyze whether the attitude towards organ donation has changed since the most recent survey was conducted in 2015. The results show a more positive attitude towards organ donation in our study compared to earlier research. In the main calculation, the monetarily valued effects of a removal of the family consent presents net savings of SEK 427 million. Given that the non-monetary effects do not add up to a cost of more than SEK 427 million, a removal of the family consent is a profitable measure from a CBA perspective. The sensitivity analysis presents several alternative calculations where the monetary effects provide a net saving in all of them, which indicates a robust result in our main calculation. Even though our calculations indicate that a removal of the family consent leads to a net saving, we cannot determine if it is the most cost-effective measure. Previous studies suggest that there is no evidence that the removal itself leads to more donated organs and that structural changes can be at least as significant, if not more so. We recommend that additional comparative studies with countries that have a high proportion of donors should be conducted. This would help with the evaluation of which measures would be the most cost-effective in Sweden.
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Leidel, Stacy Ann. "An Exploratory Study of Health Care Providers’ Acceptance of Opt-Out HIV Testing in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59104.
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In this first study of opt-out HIV testing in Australia, a needs assessment and systematic review of research on opt-out HIV testing indicated a need for a change in testing strategy. Next, a qualitative study of health care providers found dichotomous beliefs about opt-out HIV testing. The final study found that opt-out HIV testing was acceptable, and few patients opted out. Findings from this thesis form an initial evidence base to inform practice, research and policy.
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Yahraes, Brenda Marceline. "Lived Experiences of Mothers Returning to Work After a Child-Rearing Hiatus." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4116.
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Mothers who leave the workforce to raise children may face personal and professional difficulties when returning. There was a lack of qualitative research on what these women experience in their return to work. The purpose of this study was to discover and describe how a mother in a professional or managerial position experiences a return to the workforce after a hiatus of 2 or more years to raise children. The philosophy of Husserl and the methodology of Moustakas guided this transcendental phenomenological study. Through purposive snowball sampling, 12 women participated in semistructured interviews. Data analysis followed the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method leading to a synthesis of participants' lived experiences. Key findings of the essence of the experience were identified in 6 major themes: deciding to return, changing career path, changes in the workplace, feelings upon return, changes at home, and reflections. Social change implications include heightening awareness among women and their families about the process of returning to work after leaving a professional job to care for children. Policymakers may benefit from the information to support mothers' efforts to return to work after a child-rearing hiatus through programs designed to support the reentry of mothers to the professional workplace. Life and career coaches may use findings to prepare women for the reentry process.
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Berhane, Fana Hagos. "Prenatal HIV screening of pregnant women in Ethiopia using 'opt-out' approach : the human rights and ethical concerns." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77134/.
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Following the recommendation of the WHO and UNAIDS the Ethiopian Government revised its guidelines on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission to adopt a routine provider-initiated ‘opt-out’ HIV testing approach to all maternal health care services. The testing approach requires all pregnant women to be provided with HIV test unless they expressly decline it. This thesis examines the human rights and ethical implications of the implementation of this HIV testing approach within the maternal health care settings in Ethiopia to screen pregnant women. It argues that this HIV testing approach may be able to meet the pressing public health imperatives presented by the incidence of HIV in Ethiopia. However, a full understanding of the context in which this testing takes place reveals that, the implementation of this testing approach can result in the denial of pregnant women’s rights to informed consent, to have access to adequate counselling and to ensure confidentiality of their HIV test results. This thesis argues that the implementation of routine provider-initiated ‘opt-out’ HIV testing approach in the maternal health care settings is affected by the weak health system, the feminization of poverty, and the persistence of HIV related stigma and violence as well as gender inequality. The fieldwork undertaken in the Tigray region provided insights into the subjective experiences of women in relation to their ability to make autonomous decisions regarding the HIV test offered during their pregnancies. It involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with pregnant women and key stakeholders as well as non-participatory observation. In addition, the normative and conceptual aspects of human rights and ethical principles inform the thrust of discussions and arguments in this thesis. This thesis concludes that although the HIV testing approach adopted by the Ethiopian Government to screen pregnant women for HIV infections does not violate human rights requirements, its implementation in the context Ethiopian socio- economic, cultural and legal context raises serious concerns. The study therefore recommends that attention must be paid to balancing the scaling up HIV testing of pregnant women in Ethiopia to prevent vertical transmission of HIV and respecting the individual’s rights to make their own medical decisions including refusing the HIV test.
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Cole, Lisette Claire. "Changing the Default for American Cadaveric Organ Donation: An Economic and Ethical Analysis of the Opt-Out System." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297530.
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This paper will study the economic and ethical issues involved in changing the current American opt-in societal default for cadaveric organ donation to an opt-out system. First, I will introduce the current opt-in default in the United States, and how the proposed opt-out system would differ. In the second section, I address the economic considerations involved with both systems, including efficiency and waste. Thirdly, I investigate the various ethical concerns an opt-out system faces, including public welfare, personal autonomy, and consent. Lastly, I restate my argument and offer recommendations based on my discussion. With this thesis, I intend to provide a strong economic and ethical defense for changing the American societal default on cadaveric organ donations to an opt-out system.
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Lehr, Jennifer. "Do Mother and Father Know Best?: California's Policies on Parental Consent for Sex Education." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1054.
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This thesis combines the disciplines of public policy analysis and anthropology to consider parental consent policies for sex education in California. After providing historical, political, and cultural context for sex education and the parental consent function, the thesis considers (1) the factors that inform parental perspectives on sex education, (2) if parents should be able to opt their children out of sex education, and (3) the discrepancy between the actual policies regarding parental consent and the way they are implemented. The thesis concludes with policy recommendations for improving the implementation of current California sex education policies.
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Motzko, Eric M. "Coming out or forced out." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007motzkoe.pdf.
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Williams, John E. O. "Quality and acceptability of routine "opt-out" HIV testing in antenatal services in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5284.
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Magister Public Health - MPHSince the advent of the HIV pandemic, efforts have been made to find and implement interventions to reduce the risk of transmission of the infection in various risk groups. Mother to child transmission is responsible for a great majority of childhood HIV infections. Interventions have been developed which reduce considerably the risk of mother to child transmission to babies born to women who are infected. To be able to access these interventions, pregnant women first have to know their status by being tested at antenatal clinics. Initial testing protocols in most countries were based on the opt-in, client-initiated approach. However, in many countries, this did not result in many women getting tested and being able to access interventions. Accordingly, many countries have now adopted the routine opt-out approach as a way of increasing testing rates among women attending antenatal clinics. Ghana has had a PMTCT programme since 2004 initially based on opt-in testing. In 2007, there was a change in this testing regimen to the opt-out approach. The aim of this study was to assess the quality, acceptability and factors influencing the acceptability of the use of routine verbal opt-out strategy for HIV testing during pregnancy for women attending antenatal clinics in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used in this study. The study was conducted in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana using a structured questionnaire in face to face exit interviews with pregnant women after they had completed their first antenatal clinic visit. A total of 251 women aged between 15-49 years were interviewed after informed consent had been obtained from them. Data was captured with Epidata and analysed with EpiInfo. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression analyses were done. Of the 251 respondents who were interviewed in this survey, 85% of them were aware of MTCT, 82% knew at least one PMTCT strategy, 92% felt they had experienced good quality counselling that day at the ANC and 81% thought that the opt-out testing was acceptable. The perception of the women in the study about the quality of counselling they were given, their exposure to radio and their ethnicity were significantly associated with their acceptability of opt-out testing for HIV. While majority of the respondents felt that the quality of the counselling they received was good and a majority also felt that the opt-out strategy was acceptable, there were concerns about the quality of counselling provided. Recommendations include the need to improve counselling practices in the antenatal clinics by providing more structured information to the women. The District Health Management Team also needs to provide more information to people in the communities about PMTCT using radio as a medium.
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Fortin, Laura <1995>. "Opt-out clauses as peculiar cases of differentiated integration in the European Union: political and public impact in Italy (1991-1993)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18330.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di discutere il dibattito riguardante un peculiare fenomeno che caratterizza la natura non del tutto convenzionale dell'Unione Europea. Il fenomeno preso in considerazione è quello delle clausole di opt-out, come forma di manifestazione specifica di integrazione differenziata. Questo tipo di clausole è stato compreso per la prima volta nel Trattato di Maastricht (1992), legittimando così a livello istituzionale la possibilità di creare diversi livelli di integrazione all'interno della Comunità europea. Descriverò brevemente le fasi e i dibattiti principali che la Comunità ha affrontato nel cammino verso Maastricht per capire come la possibilità di legittimare tali clausole si sia concretizzata, e parallelamente il quadro economico, politico e sociale italiano. Data la posizione critica sviluppata nei confronti di questo provvedimento, è interessante prendere in considerazione l'evoluzione del dibattito all'interno di uno dei membri fondatori della CE, l'Italia, che all'epoca viveva una particolare situazione caotica, come conseguenza della sua instabilità economica ma soprattutto politica. L'analisi sarà condotta attraverso le discussioni parlamentari e gli articoli dei maggiori quotidiani dell'epoca, in modo da ricostruire una completa comprensione della percezione delle clausole di opt-out all'interno della classe politica italiana, così come dell'opinione pubblica italiana.
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Guittar, Nicholas A. "Out a sociological analysis of coming out." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4910.
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This study uses a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate the meaning of "coming out" for LGBQ individuals. Analysis of open-ended interviews with 30 LGBQ persons revealed three main themes. First, coming out does not have a universal meaning among LGBQ persons; rather, it varies on the basis of an individual's experiences, social environment, and personal beliefs and values. Coming out is a transformative process, and an important element in identity formation and maintenance. Second, despite being attracted only to members of the same sex, ten interviewees engaged in a queer apologetic, a kind of identity compromise whereby individuals disclose a bisexual identity that they believe satisfies their personal attractions for only members of the same sex and society's expectation that they be attracted to members of the opposite sex. Third, both gender conformity (e.g., female=feminine) and gender non-conformity (e.g., female=masculine) present unique challenges to coming out. Because they are assumed to be straight, gender conformists must make a more concerted effort to come out. Gender non-conformists may experience greater ease coming out broadly because they are "assumed gay," but they also experience greater opposition from family and friends who resist gender non-conformity. This study provides important insight into the meaning of coming out as well the influences of heteronormativity and gender presentation on coming out. Implication and recommendations for future research are included.ID: 030423119; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-196).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Sociology
Sciences
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Miller, Cheryl. "Dropped out or pushed out a case study on why students drop out /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006millerc.pdf.
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Tolentino, Giuria Carlos Arturo. "Del ojo que ve al ojo que piensa." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/272718.
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Bartoszuk, Karin, and James E. Deal. "Predictors of College Students’ Drop Out/Stop Out." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3210.
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Maillard, Guillaume. "Hold-out and Aggregated hold-out Aggregated Hold-Out Aggregated hold-out for sparse linear regression with a robust loss function." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM005.
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En statistiques, il est fréquent d'avoir à choisir entre plusieurs estimateurs (sélection d'estimateurs) ou à les combiner. Cela permet notamment d'adapter la complexité d'un modèle statistique en fonction des données (compromis biais-variance). Pour les problèmes de minimisation de risque, une méthode simple et générale, la validation ou hold-out, consiste à consacrer une partie de l'échantillon à l'estimation du risque des estimateurs, dans le but de choisir celui de risque minimal. Cette procédure nécessite de choisir arbitrairement un sous-échantillon "de validation". Afin de réduire l'influence de ce choix, il est possible d'agréger plusieurs estimateurs hold-out en les moyennant (Agrégation d'hold-out). Dans cette thèse, le hold-out et l'agrégation d'hold-out sont étudiés dans différents cadres. Dans un premier temps, les garanties théoriques sur le hold-out sont étendues à des cas où le risque n'est pas borné: les méthodes à noyaux et la régression linéaire parcimonieuse. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude précise du risque de ces méthodes est menée dans un cadre particulier: l'estimation de densité L² par des séries de Fourier. Il est démontré que l'agrégation de hold-out peut faire mieux que le meilleur des estimateurs qu'elle agrège, ce qui est impossible pour une méthode qui, comme le hold-out ou la validation croisée, sélectionne un seul estimateurIn statistics, it is often necessary to choose between different estimators (estimator selection) or to combine them (agregation). For risk-minimization problems, a simple method, called hold-out or validation, is to leave out some of the data, using it to estimate the risk of the estimators, in order to select the estimator with minimal risk. This method requires the statistician to arbitrarily select a subset of the data to form the "validation sample". The influence of this choice can be reduced by averaging several hold-out estimators (Aggregated hold-out, Agghoo). In this thesis, the hold-out and Agghoo are studied in various settings. First, theoretical guarantees for the hold-out (and Agghoo) are extended to two settings where the risk is unbounded: kernel methods and sparse linear regression. Secondly, a comprehensive analysis of the risk of both methods is carried out in a particular case: least-squares density estimation using Fourier series. It is proved that aggregated hold-out can perform better than the best estimator in the given collection, something that is clearly impossible for a procedure, such as hold-out or cross-validation, which selects only one estimator
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Barker, Dianne. "Inside out." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9900.
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Brodersen, Folke, and Kerstin Oldemeier. "Coming-out." Universität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15946.
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Der Begriff Coming-out ist in politischer, wissenschaftlicher und alltagspraktischer Hinsicht mit verschiedenen Bedeutungen belegt. Ausgehend von seiner ursprünglichen Verwendung für die Initialisierung junger Edelfrauen auf einem semi-öffentlichen Heiratsmarkt im 19. Jahrhundert wurde er später für die (erstmalige) Thematisierung einer Nicht-Heterosexualität/Cisgeschlechtlichkeit üblich. Daran anschließend hat er etliche historisch-soziale Transformationen erfahren, die vor allem auf einer Verschiebung bzw. auf einer Umkehrung der Ökonomie der Sichtbarkeit beruhen, die sexuelle Abweichung formiert und ins Zentrum gesellschaftlicher Aufmerksamkeit setzt.
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Street, Elyssa. "in :: out." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33780.
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Our built environment is frequently in opposition with nature, therefore how man reacts with his surroundings can also shape them. The residential project began with the horizontal lines of the rock formations located throughout the site, and through utilization of the characteristics of the five elements of Feng Shui, innumerous decisions were made concerning orientation, material, and sense of place; allowing one to experience a sense of change yet maintaining a balance between the inside and out. The four primary walls become the vertical elements set in opposition to the horizontal lines of the site.Master of Architecture
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Witmer, Mark Daniel. "Inside Out." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395172325.
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Linskie, Mike. "Camping Out." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3377.
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This thesis explores my personal mythology, and its relation to all things found not only in my studio practice but the work itself. Biographical anecdotes are shared as well as ideas on drawing, home décor, collecting, craft, art history, storytelling, and camp. Camp provides the space in which all aspects of my practice and work reside.
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Albinsson, Elisa, and Gunnhild Nilssen. "Alla redo för time-out och sign-out? : Operationsteamets följsamhet till time-out och sign-out i WHO:s checklista för säker kirurgi." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19443.
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Bakgrund: 2008 infördes WHO:s checklista för säker kirurgi för att minska antal dödsfall, förbättra patientsäkerheten och reducera risken för vårdskador i samband med kirurgi genom att ha ett kommunikationsverktyg som säkrar att kontroller och insatser blir utförda. Tidigare studier visar varierande följsamhet till checklistan och att olika delmoment inte utförs i sin helhet. Syfte: Att undersöka operationsteamets följsamhet till time-out och sign-out i WHO:s checklista för säker kirurgi. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie utförd som en icke-deltagande observationsstudie. Data samlades in via 24 observationer vid två sjukhus med hjälp av ett strukturerat observationsprotokoll. Data analyserades med hjälp av SPSS och redovisas genom deskriptiv statistik i form av cirkel- och stapeldiagram, tabeller samt löpande text. Resultat: Time-out initierades i 95,8 % av observationerna och utfördes komplett i 4,2 %. Sign-out initierades i 100 % av observationerna och 29,2 % utfördes komplett. Ingen i operationsteamet intog rollen som checklisteansvarig. Vid 19 av 22 observationer signerades samtliga tre delmoment i Orbit innan sign-out var genomförd. Slutsats: Både time-out och sign-out genomförs i hög grad, dock varierar följsamheten till checklistans samtliga kontrollpunkter vid de två delmomenten. Studien påvisar att diskrepans finns mellan den faktiska användningen av checklistan och den administrativa inrapporterade användningen av checklistan.Background: In 2008, the WHO Surgical safety checklist was introduced to reduce mortality, improve patient safety and reduce risk of medical injuries in connection to surgery by means of a communication tool ensuring that checks and interventions are performed. Previous studies show a variation in compliance to the checklist, and that different items not are entirely performed. Aim: To describe the surgical team’s compliance to time-out and sign-out in the WHO Surgical safety checklist. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted as a non-participatory observational study. Data was collected during 24 observations at two hospitals using a structured observational protocol. Data was analysed using SPSS and reported through descriptive statistics, using pie and bar charts as well as tables and discussion. Result: Time-out was initiated in 95,8 % of the observations and completed in 4,2%. Sign-out was initiated in 100 % of the observations and 29,2 % were completed. No member of the surgical team was responsible for performing the safety checks. In 19 of 22 observations, all three parts of the checklist were signed in Orbit before the sign-out was completed. Conclusion: Both time-out and sign-out are carried out to a great extent, however, compliance with all items of the checklist varies. The study shows a discrepancy between the actual use of the checklist and the administratively reported use of the checklist.
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McLoud, Rachael. "Parents' Reasons for Opting-Out Students from High-Stakes Tests." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977901.
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An increasing number of parents are opting-out their children from high-stakes. Accountability systems in education have used students? test scores to measure student learning, teacher effectiveness, and school district performance. Students who are opted-out of high-stakes tests are not being evaluated by the state tests, making their level of achievement or proficiency unknown by the state government. The purpose of this basic interpretive qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the various reasons, factors, experiences, and personal events that led parents to opt-out their children from at least one 3rd through 8th grade high-stakes test. Data were collected using a researcher-designed semi-structured interview protocol developed using ecological approaches to systems theories and critical pedagogy theories. The study was set in New York and 10 participants were interviewed, all from different rural or small suburban school districts throughout the state. Five themes and 12 subthemes emerged from first and second cycle coding. Key findings indicated that parents decided to opt-out their children from high-stakes tests because they felt high-stakes were inappropriate and unfair. Further, parents were dissatisfied with current high-stakes testing practices. Previous 3rd through 8th grade testing procedures that allowed teachers to make and grade the state tests were seen as acceptable. Parents indicated no issue with testing. However, from a social change perspective they felt the current system of high stakes testing was used improperly to rate students, teachers, programs, and school districts, and that testing should be used to drive instruction and help struggling students. This study is beneficial for school personnel and policy makers because it provides different ways to assess student achievement.
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Weisner-Combecher, Claudia. "Out of Shape, Out of Line: East Meets West." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2030.
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My art is about reduction, simplicity, and color. I use geometric or organic shapes, straight or flowing lines, and bright colors. All of these elements are reduced to their minimal essence. In my paintings, I like to show the creative process by layering paints and exposing subsurface materials and textures. This allows room for contemplation and interpretation. On one hand, my art is influenced by my appreciation for Minimalist art, an art form of visual simplicity in form and content. On the other hand, my art is inspired by my interest in Asian art, intensified by a recent trip to Japan. Japanese art is direct and unpretentious. It embraces understated elegance and often exposes natural processes, revealing a delight in seeing beauty in imperfection. Minimalism and Asian art serve as the platform for my work.
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Merrill, Miriam Gwendolyn. "I OPT OUT: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF RACE, SELF-LIMITING BEHAVIOR, AND MOTIVATIONAL PERSISTENCE ON SELF-EFFICACY AND INTENTIONS TO BE AN ATHLETICS DIRECTOR." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/557730.
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KinesiologyPh.D.
Barriers for women in athletics administration have been examined by researchers to understand such barriers through a multi-level approach (Cunningham, 2010; Taylor & Wells, 2017). Research suggests barriers exist at a macro-level with gender discrimination (Schull, Shaw, & Kihl, 2013), homologous reproduction and hegemony (Knoppers, 1989; Regan & Cunningham, 2012). Examples of occupational segregation (Whiteside & Hardin, 2010) define barriers at the meso-level, and variables, such as self-efficacy, exist at the micro-level for women in male-dominated fields (Marra, Rodgers, Shen, & Bogue, 2009). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-limiting behavior and the intent to pursue the athletics director position, as well as the relationship between motivational persistence and the intent to pursue the athletics director position. The potentially mediated relationship of self-efficacy between these relationships was also investigated. The target population was female senior-level administrators at FBS and FCS institutions. Additionally, the aim was to understand if race moderates the relationship among self-efficacy, self-limiting behavior, and motivational persistence for female senior-level athletics administrators at FBS institutions. Lastly, the research sought to understand the differences between African American and White female senior-level administrators and their perceptions of self-efficacy, self-limiting behavior, and motivational persistence and intentions to pursue the athletics director position. Ninety-seven female senior-level athletic administrators were surveyed with 11 of those participants completing an in-depth interview. Seventy-five percent of the women surveyed do not plan on becoming a director of athletics at an FBS institution; however, 44% indicated they would pursue an NCAA Division I FCS or Division I - AAA athletics director position at some point. In other words, there is more of an interest to pursue the athletics director position at a less powerful institution. The data also suggested African American women in senior-level administration positions report higher self-limiting behaviors and higher self-efficacy than White women. Moreover, race was found to be a moderator between self-efficacy and intention to pursue the FBS athletics director position. Qualitative interviews from 11 women were conducted for analysis of experiences. Four major themes emerged from the data: Assets, resources, micro-level challenges, and macro-level challenges. Limitations including small sample size as well as unreliable measures for self-limiting behavior were discussed. The current study suggests that self-efficacy is important when it comes to intentions to pursue the athletics director position. It is also important to note the racial differences between groups as it relates to self-efficacy and intentions. Keywords: athletic administration, self-efficacy, racial differences, women, career intentions
Temple University--Theses
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Ort, Stephan. "Proteindesign zur Verbesserung des Nucleosidanaloga-Umsatzes in menschlichen Zellen Desoxycytidin-Kinase und UMP-, CMP-Kinase /." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/ort.
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Calestam, Bengt. "OMT-A : An Extension of OMT to Model Active Rules." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-387.
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Today there are commercially available databases with active features, i.e. active mechanisms are available for development of information systems. But the usage of active mechanisms is low in practice. This is due to the insufficient methodological support in analysis and design for developing ECA rule based software. It has been proposed that one of the most suitable ways to tackle this problem is not to develop new methods but to extend existing methodologies.
In this thesis an extension of the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is developed, called OMT-A, which is able to model active rules. The Active Database Management System Manifesto is used as a base for the refinements. OMT-A also supports an extensive set of event operators. Although the refined notation and the new, recommended steps, it is still possible to use OMT-A as if it is the original OMT.
OMT-A is compared with OMT and two other extensions of OMT. The comparison revealed some interesting differences, e.g. to what extent OMT has been changed. It also turned out that OMT-A is the only one of the three refined versions having an explicit focus on the dynamic modeling, which is an interesting contribution of this work
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Speake, Jacquelyn Hoffmann. "Evolution/Creationism Controversy: Analysis of Past and Current Policies in Public Schools and the Practice of Allowing Students to Opt-Out of Learning Evolution Concepts." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3360.
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Recent anti-evolution legislation, in the form of Academic Freedom bills, has been introduced in many state legislatures over the last three years. The language in the proposed Academic Freedom bills may allow different interpretations of what can be taught in the science classrooms, and possibly spur parents to take advantage of their perceived parental rights to request their child be opted-out of class when the scientific theory of evolution is taught. Five research questions guided the analysis of participant responses to questions and perception statements focusing on secondary school administrators' actions, perceptions, and awareness as they relate to their decision to allow or not allow a student to opt out of academics, specifically evolution, through the collection of data using a web-based survey. Opt out policies are typically invoked to excuse students from activities to which they or their parents may have religious objections (Scott & Branch, 2008). Florida statutes allow parents to opt out their child from human sexuality and animal dissection. The population consisted of 281 Florida public secondary school administrators, who were divided into two subgroups based on whether they have allowed or would allow a student to opt out of evolution, or have not allowed or would not allow a student to opt out of class when the scientific theory of evolution is taught. Results found that over 70% of the administrators who completed the survey have allowed or would allow parents to opt out their child from learning about the scientific theory of evolution. There was a significant relationship between the decision to allow opt out and the following variables: (a) Free and Reduced Lunch population, (b) grade level served, (c) support for teaching evolution and alternative theories, and (d) the perception that parent rights supersede state statute requiring students to learn evolution.
In Florida, any scientific concept that is based on empirical evidence is included in the state-mandated curriculum. If administrators are influenced to believe teachers have the academic freedom to teach alternative ideas that are not scientifically valid, they may be intentionally or unintentionaly allowing subject matter relevant to a student's academic success t to be suppressed or distorted, which is also a violation of state statute. The implications from this study indicated that many participants would allow a student to opt out of class when evolution is taught, including assigning an alternative assignment. Since the scientific theory of evolution is infused into the biological sciences, and therefore, the Florida State Standards for science, evolution concepts are assessed on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) and the Biology End-of-Course exam. Allowing students to opt out of class when evolution is taught may have a negative impact on student success on state mandated assessments, which can directly impact school grades and state and federal funding that is tied to Adequate Yearly Progress.
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Emane, Meyo Martin. "La norme facultative." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0003/document.
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La « norme facultative » n’est pas reconnue en droit. Pourtant, elle renvoie à un phénomène singulierauquel les juristes se trouvent de plus en plus confrontés. Celui-ci est porteur de normes non obligatoires, enmarge des instruments juridiques traditionnels. Ces normes ont en commun une mise en œuvre tributaired’un consentement préalable de leurs destinataires, ce qui signifie qu’elles sont laissées à leur libredisposition et qu’ils peuvent les utiliser entièrement ou seulement en partie, selon leur convenance.Facultatives, elles supposent la reconnaissance d’une normativité distincte de l’obligatoriété et del’impérativité. Elles tirent leur caractère normatif du fait qu’elles constituent à la fois des actes de langageayant force illocutoire et des modèles pour agir.En raison de leur originalité, leur intégration en droit est susceptible d’entraîner des bouleversementsdans la théorie des normes. En effet, la reconnaissance de la norme facultative conduit à s’interroger sur laplace du facultatif au sein des catégories de contenus normatifs. À côté des contenus normatifs classiquesconçus à partir de l’obligation, à savoir le prescriptif, le prohibitif et le permissif, le « facultatif » désigne unautre contenu normatif correspondant aux normes de faculté tournées vers le « normativement souhaitable ».Ces normes sont porteuses d’une faculté de choisir, autrement dit, une opportunité normative ouverte audestinataire et demandant à être saisie. Une fois qu’elles ont fait l’objet d’une adhésion, elles s’introduisentdans un « lien normatif»The « voluntary norm » is not recognized in law. Yet, it refers to a peculiar phenomenon that juristshave increasingly to deal with. It is associated with noncompulsory norms, outside the traditional legal tools.These norms share a tributary implementation of a prior agreement from their recipients, which means theycan freely dispose of them and use them fully or partly, at their convenience.Being voluntary, the norms involve the recognition of a normativity distinct from the bindingnessand imperativity. They draw their standards-relative feature from the fact that they establish bothillocutionary speech acts and patterns to operate.As a result of their originality, their incorporation into law is likely to cause some changes in thetheory of norms. Indeed, the recognition of the voluntary norm leads to question the position of the voluntaryfeature within the categories of standards-relative contents. Besides the classical standards-relative contentsbuilt upon what is compulsory, that is the prescriptiveness, prohibitiveness and permissiveness, the“voluntaryness” refers to another standards-relative content which corresponds to the voluntary normsfocused on what is normatively desirable. These standards include the capacity of choice, in other words, astandards-relative opportunity opened to the recipient and asking to be seized. And once they obtain anadhesion, they get into a “standards-relative bond”
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Henschel, Frank. "West, Mitte, Ost." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-39642.
Full textAbstract:
Die Arbeit zeichnet die Entwicklung der Europadiskurse in Ungarn vom Ausgang des 18. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende des Kommunismus nach. Sie zeigt die Vielfalt und Wandelbarkeit der Vorstellungen von und Bezugnahmen auf "Europa" durch Schriftsteller, Künstler, Politiker und Intellektuelle. Geprägt war der Diskurs vor allem durch ein beinahe permanent anzutreffendes Rückständigkeitsnarrativ. "Europa", das bedeutete meist Westeuropa, England, Frankreich, aber auch Deutschland. Zwar zählte man sich seit der Krönung des ersten ungarischen Königs Istvan I. im Jahre 1000 mit einer vom Papst gesandten Krone zu einem festen Bestandteil (West-)Europas, die Zugehörigkeit wurde aber durch die fehlende beziehungsweise verzögerte wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Modernisierung häufig in Frage gestellt. Zudem sah man sich mit einer gewissen Ignoranz des Westens konfrontiert, der nur allzu oft sich selbst als eigentliches Europa darstelle und die Leistungen der Ungarn für den Schutz Europas, beispielsweise durch die Abwehr der Türken, nicht würdige. Dieses Isolationsmotiv zieht sich gleichsam wie ein roter Faden durch den Diskurs und wird vielfältig, aber ambivalent eingesetzt. Einerseits werden die niedergeschlagenen Aufstände 1848 und 1956, in denen "Europa" tatenlos zusah wie Ungarns Freiheitskampf von außen erstickt wurde, für eine Anklage des Westens und symbolische Überhöhung Ungarns als verlassener Vorkämpfer der Zivilisation instrumentalisiert, andererseits führt dieser Isolationsdiskurs häufig zu geradezu anti-europäischen Diskursbeiträgen, in denen Ungarn als ein Land des Ostens charakterisiert wird und westliche Wertvorstellungen und Errungenschaften negiert werden. Die verbreitetste diskursive Verortung Ungarns aber ist die, dass es die "Mitte" Europas" sei, ein Ort des Ausgleichs westlicher Moderne und östlicher Rückständigkeit, Bewahrer der ureigenen europäischen Werte. Diese Figur findet sich sowohl im national-liberalen Diskurs des 19. Jahrhunderts, als auch im Dissidentendiskurs der 1980er Jahre. Der ungarische Europadiskurs pendelte also, wie gezeigt wurde tatsächlich von West nach Ost, aber die Mitte war in der Perspektive der betrachteten 200 Jahre ein tradierter Rückzugs- und Bestimmungspunkt der ungarischen Identität in Europa und als Ausgleich der Extreme auch die Identität Europas selbstThe article starts with the notion of a remarkable research deficit (within the wider field of historically oriented European studies) regarding the thinking and discourses on “Europe” in East Central Europe, especially in Hungary. This desiderate could be explained by the partition of the continent through the Iron Curtain lasting for fourty years, what seemed to exclude these countries from Europe in several respects. Nevertheless there was and is a reconstructable, various if plural discourse on the place of Hungary in Europe. It was tightly linked with the discourses on the nation-state and on modernization in the 19th century, while the country was part of the Austrian monarchy of Habsburg. Thus it received main impulses from Western Europe, whose development was taken as an ideal to follow. The East, particularly Russia, was in contrast considered as the non-european “other”, the enemy of liberty and progress. Despite this notion, there were remarkable attempts to frame Hungary in an Eastern context, espeacially through the idea of “Turan”, that claimed a tribal community between Hungarians, Turks and Iranians, which should unite in a common empire. However catching up to the West remained the dominant goal, but was complicated by the structural, economic and cultural differences that lasted on feudal and agrarian Hungary until the beginning of the 20th century. Yet “Europe” was not only a model, it was also a, rather metaphysic and symbolic, institution to which the country appealed for support during the revolutions 1848 and 1956. Both upheavels against an imperial enemy, Habsburg and the Soviet Union, failed and Hungarians felt abandoned by the West, that is Europe. As a consequence of these gaps and failures the idea of Hungary as a part of Central Europe, a special region of small states between the Great powers in the East and the West with a specific identity was conceived. This concept also included the vision of a joint federation to facilitate the negotiations of the everlasting national and ethnic conflicts of the region. It can be found within the texts of 19th century liberal politicians like István Széchenyi, who shaped the metaphor of Hungary as a “ferry-land”, and Lajos Kossuth, who presented the first plan for Danubian Federation, Interwar-politicians like Oszkár Jászi and anti-soviet dissidents like György Konrád in the 1980ies. According to these and other protagonists of the discourse, the “centre” can be classified as the ultimate place of Hungary in Europe throughout the centuries, sharing and preserving the European Heritage
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Vogel, Michael. "Bestandserhaltung vor Ort." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-156064.
Full textAbstract:
Im Jubiläumsjahr der Christian-Weise-Bibliothek Zittau fand am 16. September 2014 der diesjährige Sächsische Werkstatttag für Bestandserhaltung in den Räumen dieser Bibliothek statt. Der Einladung nach Zittau in den östlichsten Teil des Freistaates Sachsen waren 57 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer gefolgt. Dabei erstreckte sich das Teilnehmerfeld wie bereits in den vergangenen Jahren nicht allein auf Kultureinrichtungen des Freistaates Sachsen. Auch aus Sachsen-Anhalt, Berlin, Brandenburg und sogar aus Rheinland-Pfalz waren Interessenten angereist. Gerade der damit verbundene fachliche Austausch über die Landesgrenzen hinaus ist wichtig, um ein gut funktionierendes Netzwerk weiter auszubauen und um „Best Practice Beispiele“ auszutauschen.
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Hedlin, Hayden Malin. "Out of Minimalism." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3589.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation involves a threefold investigation of sculpture. Firstly, the interpretations are focused on particular artworks by three British sculptors: Antony Gormley (b. 1950), Anish Kapoor (b. 1954), and Rachel Whiteread (b. 1963), respectively. The notion of applied minimalism is tentatively applied to their sculptures. A primary argument is that these works are idiomatically, thematically, and theoretically founded on the heritage of American Minimalism from the 1960s. The sculptures by these three artists are seen as readings and transformations in themselves of the Minimalist sculptural idiom. Secondly, the dissertation aims at an investigation of the notion of sculpture, which is explored as a discursive term, i.e. as a working notion. Therefore, each specific sculpture in the study is analysed in terms of the means it is manifested as such. Thirdly, interpretation per se is recognised as a performative act inscribed and restricted by specific contextual features. The constituent aspects are acknowledged and employed in terms of the white cube gallery locality, minimalist theory, sign theory, sculpture as staged, and the crucial recognition of a/the corporeal viewer's own presence and movements within the gallery space. Especially pertinent to the interpretations are Michael Fried's notion of theatricality, notions of performativity, and meaning as site-specific, respectively. The dissertation argues that the notion of sculpture, specifically in the wake of Minimal sculpture and the artworks inscribed by that category in art critical discourse, relies on the imperative of a corporeal acknowledged viewer/interpreter and that significant relations as regards the notion of sculpture are therefore external to a high degree.
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Bryan, Andrew David. "Out of True." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/139.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, I will detail the process that went into the making of my thesis film, Out of True. The areas I will cover include Writing, Directing, Production Design, Cinematography, Editing, Sound, as well as Technology and Workflow. Special emphasis will be given to Directing and the new directing style I experimented with in an effort to create not only believable but engaging performances. I will then assess the success of this experiment through the use of audience questionnaires.
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Stewart, Jennifer. "Out of Chaos." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/361.
Full textAbstract:
This is a collection of poetry on a variety of themes, namely, personal identity, travel, southern upbringing, and interaction with daily ennui. It also presents a range of different poetic techniques, from collage and pastiche to more traditional lyric formats.
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Andia, Gonzales Juan José Francisco, Osco Magally Elizabeth Araujo, Condori Nataly Gaby Choque, Laura Brigitte Lesly Meneses, and Jiménez Manet Solvy Rocano. "Ojo al antojo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654874.
Full textAbstract:
Debido a la crisis sanitaria a causa de la pandemia del COVID-19, el Estado optó por detener toda la actividad de los restaurantes afectando significativamente al sector, lo que generó el cierre del 50% de las empresas (Grupo Verona, 2020).
Este hecho ha generado el aumento de sus costos por las medidas de protección sanitaria, además que la situación económica actual que atraviesan por sus bajas ventas no les permite implementar nuevas soluciones tecnológicas para incrementar su demanda, ya que tampoco cuentan con mucho capital para invertir en proyectos tecnológicos.
Por ello, creamos “Ojo al antojo” una aplicación móvil que funcionará como un intermediario entre los restaurantes y consumidores para ubicar los platillos que deseen para el desayuno, almuerzo y cena, y con opción de delivery dirigido a los consumidores de Lima Metropolitana. Incluso podrán hacer reservas de mesa desde la misma aplicación móvil dirigido a las personas que no tienen tiempo para esperar que alguna mesa se desocupe, además valoran el ahorro de tiempo, la variedad de platos de las tres regiones naturales del país y la comida especializada (vegano, vegetariano u otros).
Además, en el mercado existen muy pocas aplicaciones móviles que permitan conectar a los restaurantes Mypes que buscan mostrar su oferta gastronómica, entre ofertas de comidas únicas, exóticas y especiales.
Finalmente, se analizaron los indicadores de rentabilidad y se demostró que el negocio es viable y muy rentable, con proyecciones para expandirse a nivel nacional e internacional.Due to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the State chose to stop all restaurant activity, significantly affecting the sector, which led to the closure of 50% of the companies (Grupo Verona, 2020). This fact has generated an increase in their costs due to health protection measures, in addition to the fact that the current economic situation that they are going through due to their low sales does not allow them to implement new technological solutions to increase their demand, since they do not have much capital to invest in technological projects. For this reason, we created “Ojo al antojo” a mobile application that will function as an intermediary between restaurants and consumers to locate the dishes they want for breakfast, lunch and dinner, and with a delivery option aimed at consumers in Metropolitan Lima. They can even make table reservations from the same mobile application aimed at people who do not have time to wait for a table to be vacated, they also value time savings, the variety of dishes from the three natural regions of the country and specialized food (vegan, vegetarian or others). In addition, there are very few mobile applications in the market that allow connecting Mypes restaurants that seek to show their gastronomic offer, among unique, exotic and special food offers. Finally, the profitability indicators were analyzed and it was shown that the business is viable and very profitable, with projections to expand nationally and internationally.
Trabajo de investigación
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Carleton, Kristin Rose. "Out of Alignment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24813.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an exploration of relationships made between angular elements for the purpose of discovering the spatial results that those explorations create. The media used to develop this thesis are two dimensional linear compositions, three dimensional modeling, and photography.Master of Architecture
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Byrne, Conor Vincent. "Drawing Out Notations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88832.
Full textAbstract:
This work finds curious the relationships of figures bound by and revolving around a central axis.
As this series of figures are elaborated by mathematical operations, the complex nature of their combination removes apparent identity and synthesizes a simultaneous presence which is difficult to name.
The drawings serve as a form of notation, similar to sheet music. As notation they aim to find their voice in the physical world. The drawings search for relationships which are then made tangible so they can be studied in light and act as a model to continue working.Master of Architecture
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Heiss, Silke. "The drop out." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7920.
Full textAbstract:
The Drop Out is a Bildungsroman in three parts. The reader follows a young European woman's quest for self-discovery. Manja Levsky's journey commences amid the South African white Left during the late 1980s. Manja has two aims: to discover what it means to be a woman; and to create personal independence from the status quo.
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Gauntlett, Alice. "Out-of-Place." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10555.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.This series of photographs were the initial process works for my project. I began photographing my body, predominately my legs, in personal spaces. These spaces included my family home and my studio and depicted performances of my interaction with these spaces and objects and elements from the home. This series of process works introduced to me to the idea of working within the home and photographing my performances. They differ from the main body of work, which was photographed in my mother's new home - the location that I chose for my photographs and performances, in that they were not remediated into collage works.
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Torres, Alessandra Lee Michelle. "OUT OF BODY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/793.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the evolution of Alessandra Torres's work, from her early performances and installations, to her latest work with surrogate bodies, as she challenges the relationship between artist and their creation, body and object, and audience and art. Examining the work of artists such as Cindy Sherman, Rebecca Horn and Marina Abramovic, Torres explores the transformative capabilities of interactive sculpture and live performance. Join Ms. Torres as she transforms herself into everything from a paintbrush to a serpent, in her ongoing exploration of the body's ability to adapt and evolve.