Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optimal bulk density

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Book chapters
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Optimal bulk density'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Optimal bulk density"

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ZAFRIANA, LUSI. "DESAIN KEMASAN KARUNG YANG OPTIMAL UNTUK PENGEMAS BAHAN CURAH." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 2 (2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no2.101-104.

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Many bulk material like cement, salt, and other primer consumer goods product using of plastic bag package made from polipropilen. Because size of the packaging hardly depend on tidy material types, hence it’s required an optimization design of size plastic bag that matching with material type ( bulk density) and tidy product weight. Applied simple mathematics algorithm, where volume value karung will be converted to bulk material weight, hence optimization oflengthe and wide karung matching with bulk density material filled in in packaging will be able to be determined. Using trial error meth
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Csanády, Dániel, Olivér Fenyvesi, and Balázs Nagy. "Heat Transfer in Straw-Based Thermal Insulating Materials." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164408.

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An analytic-empirical model was developed to describe the heat transfer process in raw straw bulks based on laboratory experiments for calculating the thermal performance of straw-based walls and thermal insulations. During the tests, two different types of straw were investigated. The first was barley, which we used to compose our model and identify the influencing model parameters, and the second was wheat straw, which was used only for validation. Both straws were tested in their raw, natural bulks without any modification except drying. We tested the thermal conductivity of the materials i
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Oeba, Duke Ateyh, and Cliff Orori Mosiori. "Influence of Bulk Defect Density in CIGS on the Efficiency of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Photocell." European Journal of Applied Physics 6, no. 6 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.6.292.

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In CIGS-based thin films, bulk defects are believed to represent disturbances in a regular, periodic arrangement within the atoms or the crystalline media, which influence sheet resistivity. In this study, resistivity measurements were carried out on CIGS thin films using the Van Der Pauw technique. Then, a comparison between two Van Der Pauw four-point measurement configurations (aligned and square) was made, which showed that the square configuration was the most appropriate configuration that can be recommended to measure the thin film sheet resistance of CIGS films. Finally, a numerical si
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Orori, Mosiori, Cliff. "Influence of Bulk Defect Density on the Efficiency of CIGS Based Photovoltaic Cell/Solar Cell." Journal of Basic and Applied Research International 29, no. 6 (2023): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jobari/2023/v29i68577.

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In CIGS-based thin-films, bulk defects are believed to represent disturbances either in a regular, periodical arrangement within the atoms or within the crystalline media which influence sheet resistivity. In this study, first a resistivity measurements were carried out on CIGS thin films using the Van Der Pauw technique. Then, a comparison between two Van Der Pauw four-point measurement configurations (aligned and square) were done which showed that the square configuration was the most appropriate configuration that can be recommended to measure thin film sheet resistance of CIGS films. Fina
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Soni, K., V. Jain, and N. Lakshmi. "First-principles calculations of electronic and optical properties in the bulk and on the (001) surface of CsPbCl3." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012014.

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Abstract We perform density functional theory using first-principles calculations in order to investigate the band structure, density of states, the real and imaginary part of dielectric function, refractive index and optical absorption of CsPbCl3 in the bulk and (001) surface structure. Energy bands exhibits wide and direct bandgap. When CsPbCl3 is extended to (001) surface a decrease of band gap is observed with increasing thickness. The optical constants observed exhibits optimal properties in the ultraviolet and visible range indicating its usefulness in photonic, optoelectronic, photovolt
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Zhou, Xiaomeng, Shutian Xuanyuan, Yang Ye, et al. "Predicting Bulk Density for Agglomerated Raspberry Ketone via Integrating Morphological and Size Metrics Using Artificial Neural Networks." Processes 12, no. 5 (2024): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050902.

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The bulk density of the particles, which is directly related to transportation and storage costs, is an important basic characteristic of products as well as an important parameter in many processing systems. This work quantified the relationship between the tapped bulk density of raspberry ketone with different degrees of agglomeration and morphological metrics (particle shape descriptors and roughness descriptors) and size metrics (size descriptors) and developed an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model for the tapped bulk density of raspberry ketone. Samples prepared under differ
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Curry, Blue, Andrea Ludwig, and Michael Essington. "Effects of Rock Covering on Underlying Engineered Media in Bioretention Practices in Middle Tennessee, USA." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 179, no. 1 (2024): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2024.3398.x.

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AbstractBioretention practices have become a common way to protect natural waterways in urban and suburban landscapes across the United States. However, optimal design, implementation, operation, and maintenance are still in need of study. A field survey of 52 bioretention practices was conducted in Davidson County, Tennessee, to address research questions related to operation and maintenance. A suite of site conditions were documented, such as size, signs of erosion, and dominant surface cover. Samples were collected from the surface of the engineered media layer and analyzed for organic matt
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Sun, Junna, Runya Yang, Jinjin Zhu, et al. "Contrasting effects of corn straw biochar on soil water infiltration and retention at tilled and compacted bulk densities in the Yellow River Delta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (2019): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0004.

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During field application of biochar, the bulk density of tilled soil initially decreases and then increases over time, until reaching the initial level of compacted soil. This study evaluated the optimal biochar particle size for promotion of water infiltration and retention in a saline soil with various bulk densities after application. Corn straw biochar, pyrolyzed at 450 °C for 0.5 h, was prepared in different particle sizes (S1 ≤ 0.25 mm, S2 = 0.25–1 mm, and S3 = 1–2 mm) and separately mixed into the 0–30 cm soil layer at two rates (R1 = 10 g kg−1 and R2 = 100 g kg−1), with tilled (D1 = 1.
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Zhang, Meng’en, Shuting Dai, Saima Gul, Lizhi He, Hanbo Chen, and Dan Liu. "Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils." Sustainability 16, no. 20 (2024): 8859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16208859.

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Plow pans are an essential part of the agricultural soil structure. By adjusting the soil bulk density and plow pan height, the water and nutrient transport are dynamically redistributed. Plow pans play a crucial role in promoting crop growth, increasing yields, and supporting sustainable land management. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plow pan height (10 cm and 15 cm) and bulk density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 g cm⁻3) on soil nutrient and water leaching under high-volume (HV) and low-volume (LV) fertilizer applications. The results reveal that the leac
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Ariyajinno, Nattawut, and Sakdipown Thiansem. "The Optimal Ratio of Mixed Talc Silica and Narathiwat Clay for Cordierite-Mullite Refractories." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.223.

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In this paper, effects of incorporation of Narathiwat clay (NT), talc and silica on the mechanical properties of cordierite-mullite refractories were investigated. The starting raw materials were mixed in different ratios and fired at 1300 °C for 2 hours. XRD patterns of fired refectories indicated cordierite and mullite phases. The fired samples were studied the firing shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity and bending strength of the cordierite-mullite refractories. The optimum condition was achieved for the composition of 20% Talc that had shrinkage: 11.78%, water abso
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Book chapters on the topic "Optimal bulk density"

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Awad, Carmen, Jacky Fayad, Nicolas Frangieh, et al. "Impact of the bulk density on fire spread through a homogenous vegetation layer." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_254.

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The bulk density as definition represents the ratio between the packing ratio and the density of the vegetation. Therefore, it is directly related to the fuel load, the height and to the porosity of the vegetation. In fact, the bulk density plays an important role in fire propagation and behavior. Due to its dependence on the fuel porosity, the bulk density influences heat transfers inside the fuel bed, so, it can affect directly the rate of spread. Or, the bulk density influences also the fire intensity and flame characteristics (residence time, height and depth) due to its dependence of the
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Yu, Ganglong, Songhui Li, Xianzuo Wang, and Shuang Wu. "Research on Static and Dynamic Model Updating Method Based on Field Test Data." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230203.

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In order to make the bridge finite element model more accurately and effectively reflect the state of the real bridge, this paper uses the dynamic response of the on-site structural vibration frequency and static load and strain, and proposes a method of combining static and dynamic forces to construct the objective function for optimal analysis. The finite element model of the approach structure of the Yihe Super Bridge has been corrected. By using the “ANOVA” method to find out the significant parameters, and then according to the actual situation of the project, the elastic modulus of concr
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Obodo, Kingsley O., Lalrin Kima, Adedapo S. Adeyinka, and Dibya Prakash Rai. "Surface Segregation in Pt3Nb and Pt3Ti using Density Functional Theory-based Methods." In Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment (Part 3). BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815223101124030010.

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First-principles DFT calculations were used to investigate surface segregation processes in ordered Pt3X (where X=Nb, Ti) alloys. Using pristine Pt (111) surface as a reference, the effect of surface segregation on the adsorption energy of O2 atoms in Pt3X alloys was evaluated. Our results showed that surface segregation due to direct exchange is only feasible for the Pt3Nb alloy (Esegr = - 0.3833 eV) but not for its Ti analogue (Esegr = 0.516 eV). In contrast, for both Pt3X alloys, surface segregation due to antisite migration and leading to the formation of a Pt-skin or overlayer, favouring
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Basu, Prasanta Kumar, Bratati Mukhopadhyay, and Rikmantra Basu. "Basic properties of semiconductors." In Semiconductor Nanophotonics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784692.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter presents the basic properties of bulk semiconductors, their heterostructures and of Quantum Well (QW) structures. The outline of band structure, density-of-states (DOS), elementary transport properties, and optical processes in bulk semiconductors are first introduced. The heterostructure formation and different band alignments are then introduced. the first example of nanostructure, that is the QW, quantization of electron motion in it, DOS function, and a few optical processes are briefly introduced. elementary properties of multiple QWs, superlattices, quantum wires, a
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Abdelrahman G.E. "Lightweight mixture using sand, EPS-beads and cement." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-2260.

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A laboratory study is presented in this paper on the formation of a lightweight material for embankment on weak soils. The proposed material is made by blending sandy soil with (Expanded Poly-Styrene) EPS-beads and a stabilizing material such as cement. The effect of different compositions and different ratios between EPS-beads, and cement with sand on the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, ultimate shear stress and angle of internal friction of the lightweight mixture are studied. It is observed that the density of the lightweight mixture can be effectively controlled by the amoun
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Thomas, Michael E. "Particle Absorption and Scatter." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0015.

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Particles are composed of solids and/or liquids, thus the bulk optical properties of these media must be known before propagation modeling within a medium of suspended particles (called aerosols when in air) can begin. We return to our discussion of propagation in the atmosphere and oceans of the earth that began in Chapters 7 and 9, and we now include attenuation by small particles. Particles vary in size, shape, concentration, and composition. Size and concentration distributions are described in the following two sections. The composition of the most common particles is presented in the las
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Chauhan, Asha, Anjali Oudhia, and Ashok Kumar Shrivastav. "Photovoltaic Parameters Affecting the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices." In Innovations in Perovskite Solar Cell Materials and Devices - Cutting-Edge Research and Practical Applications. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.115213.

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Perovskite photovoltaic devices (PVDs) have emerged as excellent futuristic photovoltaic energy-harvesting material in the past few years with a remarkable efficiency of over 25%. The intense scientific research in the field of perovskite photovoltaic technologies further enables their goal of effective commercialization. The device’s efficiency strongly relies on the optical, morphological and electrical properties of the emerged charge collective and perovskite layer. This chapter critically articulates the advancements made by the choice of charge collecting layer to get the optimum PVDs. F
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Igor, Vurgaftman. "Semiconductor Photodetectors." In Bands and Photons in III-V Semiconductor Quantum Structures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767275.003.0014.

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This chapter describes the operating principles of photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors based on III–V semiconductors. The electrical characteristics of both photodiodes and majority carrier barrier structures are discussed starting with the diffusion equation. The chapter outlines the figures of merit used to evaluate the performance of infrared photodetectors including the responsivity, dark current density, and normalized detectivity. It discusses bulk-like and type II superlattice photodetectors and how the multistage arrangement of interband cascade detectors (ICDs) can reduce the d
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Mekuye, Bawoke. "The Impact of Size on the Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Dielectric Function." In Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113976.

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The primary goal of this study is to use the size-corrected Drude model to investigate the impact of size on the optical characteristics of silver nanoparticles based on dielectric function. Smaller silver nanoparticles have a greater effect of size on their dielectric function and refractive index, but as silver nanoparticles become larger, their effect weakens. As particle size increases, the dielectric function value of silver nanoparticles approaches that of bulk dielectric function. However, compared to bulk silver, silver nanoparticles have a larger imaginary portion and a smaller real p
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Tiwari, Ashish, R. H. Talwekar, and Ravi Kumar. "Theoretical Analysis and Design of Microphotodiodes Material for Artificial Retina Implant." In Nanoelectronics Devices: Design, Materials, and Applications Part II. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815179361123010005.

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As a typical member of two-dimensional TMDs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) has excellent carrier mobility, a sizable surface area, thermal stability, and optoelectronic features. Due to its tunable bandgap, strong valence–conduction band bonding, and use in optoelectronic sensors, photodiodes, and phototransistors, MoS2 has emerged as a possible substitute for graphene. For better optoelectronic properties, MoS2 -based monolayers and crystals have recently been investigated using a variety of heterostructures, including MoS2 /graphene, MoS2 /CNT and MoS2 /WS2 . It was also mentioned that MoS2 p
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Conference papers on the topic "Optimal bulk density"

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Habib, K., and F. Al-Sabti. "Monitoring and Measuring Corrosion under Coating by Optical Interferometry." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96351.

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Abstract In a previous study , a mathematical model relating surface and bulk behaviors of metals in aqueous solution has been developed. The model was established based on principles of holographic interferometry for measuring microsurface dissolution,i.e. mass loss , and on those of electrochemistry for measuring the bulk electronic current, i.e. corrosion current. In the present work , an optical corrosion-meter was built based on the above model. The corrosion meter consists of an electrochemical cell in which coated metallic samples are tested in aqueous solutions. Furthermore , the corro
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Jebutu, Segun Olusegun, Robert L. Terry, Gavin Lindsay, and Rob Elliot. "Profiling the Wall Cake Characteristic of the Wellbore for Optimal Comparison of Logging-While-Drilling and Wireline-Bulk-Density Measurements." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96633-ms.

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Мухортов, Д. И., and А. В. Антропова. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTAINERIZED SEEDLINGS OF SCOTS PINE USING THE SUBSTRATES OF VARIOUS BULK DENSITY." In Лесные экосистемы в условиях изменения климата: биологическая продуктивность и дистанционный мониторинг. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25686/2675.2019.5.58815.

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В статье изложены результаты работ по изучению агрофизических свойств различных корнезакрывающих субстратов, проанализировано их влияние на рост и развитие сеянцев сосны обыкновенной, выращиваемой в контейнерах в качестве посадочного материала для лесовосстановительных работ. Лесовосстановление посадочным материалом с закрытой корневой системой имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с традиционными технологиями. Однако данная технология требует решения некоторых задач с целью оптимизации процессов выращивания сеянцев. Одним из проблемных моментов является выбор оптимальных по своим как агрохимичес
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Strömberg, Niclas. "A Multi-Scale Topology Optimization Approach for Optimal Macro-Layout and Local Grading of TPMS-Based Lattices." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67163.

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Abstract The use of lattice structures in design for additive manufacturing has quickly emerged as a popular and efficient design alternative for creating innovative multifunctional lightweight solutions. In particular, the family of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) studied in detail by Schoen for generating frame-or shell-based lattice structures seems extra promising. In this paper a multi-scale topology optimization approach for optimal macro-layout and local grading of TPMS-based lattice structures is presented. The approach is formulated using two different density fields, one for
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Han, K. T. "Development of the Process of Honeycomb Seal for Gas Turbine." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72561.

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In this research, numerical approach for modeling the behavior of honeycomb seal material is studied. Also, the optimal forming process of the honeycomb core is developed and the rolling process is analyzed. The part of the honeycomb is modeled using the commercial S/W, CATIA. And the rolling process is simulated using finite element code, DEFORM™-3D. The standard honeycomb has a uniform hexagonal structure defined by the material, cell size, cell wall thickness and bulk density. The simulation results are reflected to the forming process design for the honeycomb core.
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Jaskulski, Maciej, Artur Lewandowski, and Ireneusz Zbiciński. "Experimental analysis of particle breakage and powder morphology in foam spray drying." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7251.

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The paper presents results of experiments of gas admixing foam spray drying of maltodextrin in co-current spray tower. Significant effect of feed foaming on particle sphericity, angle of repose, apparent and bulk density, Hausner ratio and porosity was found. Number of broken particles achieved 60 % for high foaming gas rate (GLR) and inlet air temperature due to particle overheating and bubble expansion. Analysis of the experiments results allowed to determine optimal range of operating conditions to reduce number of damaged particles, to around 15 % for the highest GLR and to minimize produc
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Masum, J., D. Ramoo, N. Balkan та M. J. Adams. "Temperature dependence of 1.55μm VCSELs". У The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cmh3.

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Recent progress in 1.55μm VCSELs using either wafer-fused or epitaxial mirrors has prompted renewed interest in the temperature sensitivity of these devices. Here we model transitions between parabolic bands with and without k-selection, as well as transitions between the first sub-bands in quantum wells without k-selection. The underlying temperature dependence of the cavity resonant photon energy and the bandgap of the semiconductor are found from experimental data, as illustrated in Fig. 1. This also shows the temperature dependence of the photon energy corresponding to the gain peak, as ca
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Sadek, A. A., and H. G. Salem. "Construction of Consolidation Maps of Pre-ECAE Hot Compact Nanocrystalline-Micron Powders." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47026.

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The Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) process is one of the most promising processes used for producing nanostructured consolidates making use of the severe plastic conditions that the powder particles experience during the extrusion. The intrinsic heat generated during extrusion in addition to 1.16 total strain imposed on the powder per pass can substitute for the elevated temperature required for sintering. The consolidation conditions of the Nanocrystalline-Micropowder (NCMP) prior to ECAE influences significantly the structural evolution and hence mechanical properties of the produced
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Kurozawa, Louise Emy, Bruna Delamain Fernandez Olmos, and Camila Benedetti Penha. "Spray drying of soymilk: evaluation of process yield and product quality." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7405.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of inlet air temperature and gum Arabic concentration on yield of spray drying of soymilk and powder quality (moisture content, water activity and antioxidant capacity). Since soymilk had a significant lipid content, gum Arabic played a significant role as an emulsion stabilizer, improving process yield and preserving antioxidant capacity. However, temperature did not affect antioxidant capacity. The optimal condition to obtain higher antioxidant capacity was: 30% of gum Arabic and 160°C. The powder obtained under optimized condition was characte
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Bivainis, Vaidas, Egle Jotautiene, Ramunas Mieldazys, and Grazvydas Juodisius. "Simulation research on properties of spherical manure granules." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf034.

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To increase the effectiveness of fertilizers, fertilization technologies are constantly being improved, the quality of fertilizers is improved, and optimal application rates are selected. To protect the soil and the surrounding environment, even organic fertilizers must be spread on the soil following agro-technical requirements. The uniform distribution of organic granular fertilizers in the soil is complicated due to their different physical-mechanical properties and the shape of the granules, compared to mineral fertilizers. Experimental studies are constantly being conducted to determine t
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