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Journal articles on the topic 'Organic loadings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hamoda, Mohamed F., and Ibrahim A. Al-Ghusain. "Analysis of organic removal rates in the aerated submerged fixed film process." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (1998): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0809.

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Performance data from a pilot-plant employing the four-stage aerated submerged fixed film (ASFF) process treating domestic wastewater were analyzed to examine the organic removal rates. The process has shown high BOD removal efficiencies (&gt; 90%) over a wide range of hydraulic loading rates (0.04 to 0.68 m3/m2·d). It could also cope with high hydraulic and organic loadings with minimal loss in efficiency due to the large amount of immobilized biomass attained. The organic (BOD and COD) removal rate was influenced by the hydraulic loadings applied, but organic removal rates of up to 104 k

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2

Onodera, Takashi, Tsutomu Okubo, Daisuke Takayama, et al. "Evaluating the resilience of a full-scale down-flow hanging sponge reactor to shock-loadings." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 1 (2021): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.118.

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Abstract The effect of shock-loading on the performance of a full-scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS), used to treat effluent from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treating municipal sewage, was evaluated. This full-scale DHS reactor comprises a polyurethane sponge that retains the sludge. It has a capacity of 500 m3/day and, at the time of this study, had been operating at a sewage treatment plant in India for more than 1,300 days. The DHS reactor was exposed to shock loadings of organics at double the normal rate for 400 min under summer and winter conditions. The results showed that the

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3

Shilling, J. E., Q. Chen, S. M. King та ін. "Loading-dependent elemental composition of α-pinene SOA particles". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, № 4 (2008): 15343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-15343-2008.

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Abstract. The chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, formed by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene, was characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The experiments were conducted using a continuous-flow chamber, allowing the particle mass loading and chemical composition to be maintained for several days. The organic portion of the particle mass loading was varied from 0.5 to >140 μg/m3 by adjusting the concentration of reacted α-pinene from 0.9 to 91.1 ppbv. The mass spectra of the organic material changed with loading. For loadings

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Shilling, J. E., Q. Chen, S. M. King та ін. "Loading-dependent elemental composition of α-pinene SOA particles". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, № 3 (2009): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-771-2009.

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Abstract. The chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, formed by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene, was characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The experiments were conducted using a continuous-flow chamber, allowing the particle mass loading and chemical composition to be maintained for several days. The organic portion of the particle mass loading was varied from 0.5 to >140 μg/m3 by adjusting the concentration of reacted α-pinene from 0.9 to 91.1 ppbv. The mass spectra of the organic material changed with loading. For loadings

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5

Khazaal, Rusul Muaffaq, and Zaineb Ziad Ismail. "Optimization and Modeling the Performance of a Mediator-less Microbial Fuel Cell using Butler-Volmer-Monod Model." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 9 (2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.09.06.

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In this study, a one-dimensional model represented by Butler-Volmer-Monod (BVM) model was proposed to compute the anode overpotential and current density in a mediator-less MFC system. The system was fueled with various organic loadings of real field petroleum refinery oily sludge to optimize the favorable organic loading for biomass to operate the suggested system. The increase in each organic loading showed higher resistance to electrons transport to the anode represented by ohmic loss. On the contrary, both activation and mass transfer losses exhibited a noticeable decrement upon the increa

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King, S. M., T. Rosenoern, J. E. Shilling, Q. Chen, and S. T. Martin. "Increased cloud activation potential of secondary organic aerosol for atmospheric mass loadings." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 1669–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-1669-2009.

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Abstract. The effect of organic particle mass loading from 1 to ≥100 μg m−3 on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties of mixed organic-sulfate particles was investigated in the Harvard Environmental Chamber. Mixed particles were produced by the condensation of organic molecules onto ammonium sulfate particles during the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene. A continuous-flow mode of the chamber provided stable conditions over long time periods, allowing for signal integration and hence increased measurement precision at low organic mass loadings representative of atmospheric conditions. CCN act

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King, S. M., T. Rosenoern, J. E. Shilling, Q. Chen, and S. T. Martin. "Increased cloud activation potential of secondary organic aerosol for atmospheric mass loadings." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 9 (2009): 2959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2959-2009.

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Abstract. The effect of organic particle mass loading from 1 to ≥100 μg m−3 on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties of mixed organic-sulfate particles was investigated in the Harvard Environmental Chamber. Mixed particles were produced by the condensation of organic molecules onto ammonium sulfate particles during the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene. A continuous-flow mode of the chamber provided stable conditions over long time periods, allowing for signal integration and hence increased measurement precision at low organic mass loadings representative of atmospheric conditions. CCN act

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8

Surampalli, Rao Y., and E. Robert Baumann. "RBC Kinetics in Treating Domestic and Industrial Dairy Wastewater Under Low and High Organic Loading Conditions." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 4 (1992): 665–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.041.

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Abstract A full-scale, four-stage RBC (rotating biological contactors) plant, having parallel trains used to treat domestic and industrial dairy wastewater, failed to meet standard secondary effluent limits due to overloading in the two initial stages. The plant was first operated under normal loading; subsequently the load to the plant was increased in an incremental fashion by increasing the load from the dairy. This was done to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of supplemental aeration to eliminate oxygen-limiting conditions in the overloaded stages. An enlarged first stage was later cr

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9

Klavins, Maris, Ilga Kokorite, Linda Eglite, and Valery Rodinov. "Natural organic matter export from boreal catchments (the Salaca River basin, Latvia) and its influencing factors." Hydrology Research 43, no. 4 (2012): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.112.

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A noteworthy increase in the organic matter concentration and export, as well as water colour, in the catchments of the Salaca River has been observed during the last decades. This study investigates factors behind this increase: the impact of climate, land use and human loading changes on the concentrations and export of the organic matter in the Salaca River/Lake Burtnieks catchments. Proportion of wetlands in the river basin, type of land use, and runoff regime can be considered as the main factors influencing the organic carbon loadings. Despite a steady overall tendency of increase, consi

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10

Weng, Xilun, Zongbi Bao, Zhiguo Zhang, et al. "Preparation of porous cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate hybrid organosilica particles for chromatographic applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 4 (2015): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01547a.

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Organic–inorganic hybrids incorporating cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC)-functionalized silica particles can exhibit a high loading capacity with high loadings of the chiral selector.

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11

Feng, Hui Xia, Guo Hong Zhang, He Ming Luo, Jian Qiang Zhang, and Jian Hui Qiu. "Preparing and Study on Thermal-Conductive Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3021.

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Metal powder (Cu) filled Epoxy resin (EP)/Organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared, where the compounding was carried out by using hardener with filler loadings of 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt%. Organic-montmorillonite was prepared by using the method of Secondary-intercalating with transition metal ion and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the modifier. The content of Organic-montmorillonite dispersed in EP system was 3wt%.The effect of filler loadings and incorporation of coupling agent on tensile properties and thermal conductivity are studied. The results demonstr

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12

Andrews, R. C., P. M. Huck, and L. Gammie. "An Investigation of the Distribution of Trihalomethanes Within GAC Contactors." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 3 (1987): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.032.

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Abstract This study examined the loading distribution of trihalomethanes and total organic carbon within pilot scale granular activated carbon (GAC) contactors receiving finished drinking water and operating in the downflow mode. Three carbons originating from different sources were used for this comparison. Observed column loadings were compared to isotherms. As well, loadings were evaluated as a function of carbon particle size. Significantly higher loadings of trihalomethanes were found in the upper 10 cm (7%) of the GAC beds. Enhanced adsorption in this region was correlated with finer siz

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13

Imran, Ali Zahid Mahmood Khan Mohsin Ali Musharib Khan. "Effect of Season and Organic Loading Variation on the Operation of an Indigenously Developed Maize Cobs Trickling Filter (MCTF)." International Journal of Engineering Works 1, no. 3 (2015): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15751.

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Trickling filters are an attractive wastewater treatment option but the past experience of installing and operating them in Pakistan is not very successful as they have not performed up to the mark. It is, therefore, important to identify the underlying operational problems of trickling filter and resolving them. A pilot scale indigenous maize cobs trickling filter (MCTF) was developed using agricultural waste (Maize cobs) as a biological growth medium to investigate the effect of operational parameters like temperature and organic loadings on the performance of trickling filter operation. The

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14

Thiem, Leon T., Diane L. Badorek, Akbar Johari, and Eid Alkhatib. "Adsorption of Synthetic Organic Shock Loadings." Journal of Environmental Engineering 113, no. 6 (1987): 1302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1987)113:6(1302).

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15

Jiao, Er Long, Chun Di Gao, Kun Hao, and Li Wang. "Optimization of Nitrogen Removal by Treating Real Domestic Sewage which is Low C/N in A/O Process." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.589.

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By treating real domestic sewage which is low C/N in A/O process ，results showed that different removal rates occured under different organic loadings、internal reflux ratio (R) without external carbon source . It was demonstrated that with the improvement of organic loading, F/M improved from 0.22kg/(kgMLSS•d) to 0.28kg/(kgMLSS•d), removal rates of TN and COD were improved by 4.84% and 16.55% respectively. Because lower C/N, TN and COD removal had no obvious enhancement by elevating R from 150% to 250% with organic loading is 0.28kg/(kgMLSS•d).

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16

Pucher, Bernhard, and Guenter Langergraber. "Influence of design parameters on the treatment performance of VF wetlands – a simulation study." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 2 (2019): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.268.

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Abstract The main approach for designing vertical flow (VF) treatment wetlands is based on areal requirements ranging from 2 to 4 m2 per person equivalent (PE). Other design parameters are the granularity of the filter material, filter depth, hydraulic and organic loading rates, loading intervals, amount of single doses as well as the number of openings in the distribution pipes. The influence of these parameters is investigated by running simulations using the HYDRUS Wetland Module for three VF wetlands with different granularity of the filter material (0.06–4 mm, 1–4 mm, and 4–8 mm, respecti

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17

Gilmore, K. R., K. J. Husovitz, T. Holst, and N. G. Love. "Influence of organic and ammonia loading on nitrifier activity and nitrification performance for a two-stage biological aerated filter system." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 7 (1999): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0363.

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A pilot-scale, two-stage (carbon oxidation stage one, ammonia oxidation stage two) fixed film biological aerated filter (BAF) process was operated during the wintertime on-site at a domestic wastewater treatment plant. Over the study period, hydraulic loadings to the system were varied and generated a range of organic and ammonia loading conditions. Nitrification performance was monitored based on water quality along the length of the filters, effluent water quality, and activity levels of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within the biofilm using an oligonucleotide probe. Overall nitrification effic

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18

Dean, Jonathan, Robert P. van Hille, and Susan T. L. Harrison. "The Microbial Ecology of Moderately Thermophilic Mineral Leaching Reactors: The Effect of Solids Loading and Organic Carbon Supplementation on Reactor Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.427.

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Tank bioleaching of refractory sulphidic gold ores is well established, with potential to expand application to base metal concentrates. With increasing commercial tank bioleaching operations, understanding their microbial consortia is essential for process robustness. Recently, it has been shown that the consortia implicated in tank mineral bioleaching of gold-containing pyritic ores are dynamic, responding to the leaching environment. Factors driving the microbial dynamics of these consortia are under investigation, with emphasis also placed on determining the metabolic role of the key playe

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19

Sponza, D. T., and M. Işik. "Ultimate azo dye degradation in anaerobic/aerobic sequential processes." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (2002): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0435.

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The treatability of Remazol Black-5 was studied in an anaerobic/aerobic sequential process. Laboratory scale UASB/CSTR reactors were used and operated at different organic loadings and HRTs to investigate the COD, color removal, and methane gas production efficiencies. The effect of both sludge age and HRT on the color and COD removal efficiencies were also investigated. The reactive dye used in this study contains the groups N = N, −SO3, S = O and is in use in some of the textile industries in Turkey. The studies were carried out in continuous mode and the effluent of the UASB reactor was use

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20

Ahmad Rasyid, Mohd Fadli, Md Akil Hazizan, and Jamaliah Mohd Sharif. "Effect of Organic Modification of Muscovite on the Polypropylene Layered Silicate Nanocomposite." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.197.

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Polypropylene- layered silicate nanocomposite based on muscovite was prepared via melt compounding. Muscovite was organomodified with cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) by using different filler loading. The effects of muscovite content on mechanical and morphology properties were evaluated. Analysis of test data showed that the mechanical properties increased with an increase in filler loading up to a threshold of 3 wt%; thereafter the material properties were degraded. The enhancement of properties attributed to the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at these

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21

Shilling, J. E., Q. Chen, S. M. King та ін. "Particle mass yield in secondary organic aerosol formed by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, № 6 (2007): 17927–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-17927-2007.

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Abstract. The yield of particle mass in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by dark ozonolysis was measured for 0.3–22.8 ppbv of reacted α-pinene. Most experiments were conducted using a continuous-flow chamber, allowing nearly constant SOA concentration and chemical composition for several days. For comparison, some experiments were also conducted in batch mode. Reaction conditions were 25°C, 40% RH, dry (NH)4SO4 seed particles, and excess 1-butanol. The organic particle loading was independently measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer, and the two m

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Shilling, J. E., Q. Chen, S. M. King та ін. "Particle mass yield in secondary organic aerosol formed by the dark ozonolysis of α-pinene". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, № 7 (2008): 2073–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2073-2008.

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Abstract. The yield of particle mass in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by dark ozonolysis was measured for 0.3–22.8 ppbv of reacted α-pinene. Most experiments were conducted using a continuous-flow chamber, allowing nearly constant SOA concentration and chemical composition for several days. For comparison, some experiments were also conducted in batch mode. Reaction conditions were 25°C, 40% RH, dry (NH4)SO4 seed particles, and excess 1-butanol. The organic particle loading was independently measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer and a scanning mobility particle sizer, and the two m

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23

Steinborn, Benjamin, and Ulrich Lächelt. "Metal-organic Nanopharmaceuticals." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (2020): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738508666200421113215.

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: Coordinative interactions between multivalent metal ions and drug derivatives with Lewis base functions give rise to nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) as delivery systems. As the pharmacologically active agent constitutes a main building block of the nanomaterial, the resulting drug loadings are typically very high. By additionally selecting metal ions with favorable pharmacological or physicochemical properties, the obtained NCPs are predominantly composed of active components which serve individual purposes, such as pharmacotherapy, photosensitization, multimodal imaging, chemodynamic

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Eusterhues, K., A. Hädrich, J. Neidhardt, et al. "Reduction of ferrihydrite with adsorbed and coprecipitated organic matter: microbial reduction by <i>Geobacter bremensis</i> vs. abiotic reduction by Na-dithionite." Biogeosciences 11, no. 18 (2014): 4953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4953-2014.

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Abstract. Ferrihydrite is a widespread poorly crystalline Fe oxide which becomes easily coated by natural organic matter in the environment. This mineral-bound organic matter entirely changes the mineral surface properties and therefore the reactivity of the original mineral. Here, we investigated 2-line ferrihydrite, ferrihydrite with adsorbed organic matter, and ferrihydrite coprecipitated with organic matter for microbial and abiotic reduction of Fe(III). Ferrihydrite-organic matter associations with different organic matter loadings were reduced either by Geobacter bremensis or abiotically

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25

Battistoni, P., G. Fava, and A. Gatto. "High Load Trickling Filters. Biofilm Accumulation and Sludge Production." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (1992): 2405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0748.

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A pilot–scale investigation was carried out to evaluate the parameters affecting biofilm accumulation and sludge production. The behaviour of a cross flow (CF) plastic medium filter (4.3 m of Plasdek B 27) was followed over an eight month period. Four hydraulic loadings, from 2.5 to 3.6 m3/m2h, (organic loadings from 1.5 to 6.2 Kg BOD5/m3d) were experimented. Medium temperature, BOD5 influent and hydraulic loading were determinants for biofilm accumulation and sludge production. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of waste sludge was found related to inlet BOD5. Furthermore a relationship b

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26

Park, T. J., K. H. Lee, D. S. Kim, and C. W. Kim. "Petrochemical wastewater treatment with aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) under high organic loading rate." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (1996): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0233.

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An aerated submerged fixed-film reactor (ASFFR) was developed to treat a petrochemical wastewater with high organic loading rate, where stationary submerged biofilms were attached to net-type media (SARAN 1000D) under diffused aeration. The specific surface area of SARAN 1000D was 400 m2/m3 approximately. The organic removal ability of the reactor was tested in three lab-scale ASFFRs. The reactor demonstrated 91.8-96.6% removal efficiencies of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and exhibited efficient and stable performance at organic loadings of 1.02-6.21 kg COD/m3 day. When the media pack

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27

Wang, Ke, Ya-qiong Huang, Xiao-han Cheng, and Jen-taut Yeh. "Micro foaming performance of scCO₂-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets." Cellular Polymers 41, no. 3 (2022): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02624893211073539.

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The micro foaming performance, moisture resistance and dynamic viscosity of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic tapioca starch (GA/SHMP/TOS) foams were considerably improved by proper NaOH treatment. The expansion ratio, resilience rate, dynamic viscosity values of these NaOH modified foams improved to a maximum, as the time for NaOH treatment approached a proper value. The dynamic viscosity, expansion ratio and resilience rate of the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS foams modified using 110 atm scCO2-pressure, the proper alkali treatment time, SHMP loading and varying montmorillonit

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Guan, Di, Zhen Zhang, Xing Li, and Hui Liu. "Effect of pH and Temperature on Coagulation Efficiency in a North-China Water Treatment Plant." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4835.

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This research focused on the effect of water temperature and pH to coagulation efficiencies in low turbidity water. And the optimum dose of coagulant was determined. Simulated the treatment processing, the organic matters and turbidity removal capacities of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were measured in parameters of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 with different experimental conditions. The results indicated that the PACl optimum doses were 28mg/L. By increasing water temperatures in the range of 4°C～18°C, the turbidity removal efficiency was gradually enhanced, while the organic loading removal pe

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Paxéus, N., P. Robinson, and P. Balmér. "Study of Organic Pollutants in Municipal Wastewater in Göteborg, Sweden." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (1992): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0299.

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Influent and effluent wastewater from the Göteborg Regional Sewage Works was regularly analyzed during 1989-1991 for the presence of organic pollutants using GC-MS. While concentrations of individual organic compounds in the influent varied from 0.1 µg/l to several mg/l, few of them were present in the effluent in concentrations higher than 0.5 µg/l The majority of the pollutants in the influent were either food related or due to the diffuse discharge from products used both in households and in industry. For a number of priority pollutants, a declining trend in influent loadings was observed.

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Sahu, Govind, VK Gaba, S. Panda, B. Acharya, and SP Mahapatra. "Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity of silicone elastomer nanocomposites." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 3 (2017): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317698545.

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Silicone elastomer (SiR) nanocomposites were prepared using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nano-graphite (NG). The morphology of the SiR nanocomposites has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. Detailed analysis of the morphology reveals a uniform distribution of the MWCNT and NG filler particles in the silicone matrix. On increasing the filler loading, a continuous network structure is formed and aggregation takes place. The effect of the MWCNT and NG loadings on the thermal properties of the silicone elastom

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Pearson, H. W., D. D. Mara, L. R. Cawley, H. M. Arridge, and S. A. Silva. "The performance of an innovative tropical experimental waste stabilisation pond system operating at high organic loadings." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 7 (1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0123.

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In this study on the experimental pond complex at the Federal University of Paraiba in NE Brazil the organic loadings were were more than doubled to investigate the effect on pond performance. The results emphasise the tolerance of the pond system at high loadings without odour production or significant loss of efficiency in terms of BOD removal and bacterial pathogen removal, although nutrient removal by the maturation ponds was reduced. At high organic loadings baffled maturation ponds were more efficient at faecal coliform removal (FC). A minimum of 3 ponds in series are required to ensure

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Walker, J. T. S., N. M. Park, B. E. Clothier, et al. "Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4806.

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The New Zealand horticultural sector has made substantial progress in pesticide risk reduction by implementing sustainability programmes Apple and winegrape pesticide use was analysed to measure changes in human and aquatic ecotoxicity arising from these initiatives using the Hazardous Substances and New Organism 1996 Act (HSNO) classification system In 1995 insecticide use on apples and winegrapes was 116 and 031 kg ai/ha respectively while fungicide loadings were similar about 30 kg ai/ha Since then insecticide loading on apples has decreased by 80 with much lower potential human toxicity Gr

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Geddes, S., B. Nichols, K. Todd, J. Zahardis, and G. A. Petrucci. "Near-infrared laser desorption/ionization aerosol mass spectrometry for measuring organic aerosol at atmospherically relevant aerosol mass loadings." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 3 (2010): 2013–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2013-2010.

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Abstract. A new method, near-infrared laser desorption/ionization aerosol mass spectrometry (NIR-LDI-AMS), is described for the real time analysis of organic aerosols at atmospherically relevant total mass loadings. Particles are sampled with an aerodynamic lens onto an aluminium probe and moderate energy NIR laser pulse at 1064 nm is directed onto the probe to vaporize and ionize particle components. Delayed pulse extraction is then used to sample the ions into a reflectron time of flight mass spectrometer for chemical analysis. The soft ionization afforded by the NIR photons results in minim

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Geddes, S., B. Nichols, K. Todd, J. Zahardis, and G. A. Petrucci. "Near-infrared laser desorption/ionization aerosol mass spectrometry for measuring organic aerosol at atmospherically relevant aerosol mass loadings." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 4 (2010): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1175-2010.

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Abstract. A new method, near-infrared laser desorption/ionization aerosol mass spectrometry (NIR-LDI-AMS), is described for the real time analysis of organic aerosols at atmospherically relevant total mass loadings. Particles are sampled with an aerodynamic lens onto an aluminum probe. A moderate energy NIR laser pulse at 1064 nm is directed onto the probe to vaporize and ionize particle components. Delayed pulse extraction is then used to sample the ions into a reflectron time of flight mass spectrometer for chemical analysis. The soft ionization afforded by the NIR photons results in minimal

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Janik, LJ, and JO Skjemstad. "Characterization and analysis of soils using mid-infrared partial least-squares .2. Correlations with some laboratory data." Soil Research 33, no. 4 (1995): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950637.

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Infrared partial least squares (PLS) analysis is shown to provide a simple, rapid chemometric technique for the simultaneous analysis of soil properties. The method is capable of extracting both qualitative and quantitative information from soil spectra. A number of the mineral and organic components which are responsible for certain soil properties have been identified and the prediction of these properties assessed. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectra of whole soils were recorded to form a large training data set. The spectral information from this set was compress

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Zhang, Lian Ke. "Kinetic Characteristic of Single Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) for Organics Degradation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2562.

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The kinetic model of organic removal in single biological aerated filter for domestic waste water treatment was established, and kinetic parameter was calibrated under certain hydraulic loadings. The results showed that organic removal efficiency was affected by the concentration of the influent COD, hydraulic loadings and the height of filter media when the reactor size was unchangeable. It is found that the model was accurate in predicting the effluent quality by the experiment and it could afford new reference evident to optimize the treatment processes.

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Schroeter, H. O. "Toxic Contaminant Loadings from Municipal Sources in Ontario Areas of Concern." Water Quality Research Journal 32, no. 1 (1997): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1997.002.

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Abstract Annual flow volumes and contaminant mass discharges from such sources as stormwater runoff, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents were computed for 47 urban centres located in 17 Canadian Areas of Concern (AOCs). Urban centres were defined as entities with sewage treatment plants servicing populations greater than 1,000. The relative annual flow volume contribution from individual sources varies significantly among AOC areas. By effluent type, stormwater runoff contributes 17 to 65%, CSOs 1 to 6%, and STP effluents about 35 to 80%. During wet weath

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Hamoda, M. F., and A. A. Al-Haddad. "Treatment of Petromeum Refinery Effulents in a Fixed-Film Reactor." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (1988): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0132.

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A four-stage fixed-film reactor with 0.5 m3d−1 capacity and surface area-to-volume ratio of 72 was developed in which stationary submerged biofilms are attached to ceramic tiles and kept under diffused aeration. Reactor operation with a synthetic toxic waste and a petroleum refinery effluent was satisfactory. Organic loading was found to be a better operational or design parameter. An organic loading of 42 g COD m−2d−l or less is recommended to ensure good quality effluent. The reactor coped with organic and hydraulic overloads because of the good oxygen transfer capacity and the considerable

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Lemic, Jovan, Sinisa Milosevic, Marija Vukasinovic, Ana Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic, and Dragana Kovacevica. "Surface modification of a zeolite and the influence of pH and ionic strength on the desorption of an amine." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 11 (2006): 1161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0611161l.

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The adsorption of stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (SDBAC) on the clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuff in dependence on the applied temperature was studied. The maximal amount of sorbed SDBAC was 123 mmol/kg in the case of thermally treated zeolite tuff (100?C) and a warm surfactant solution (80?C). The amount and properties of water adsorbed on the organo-zeolite (OZ) as well as the bonding between the organic species and the zeolite were investigated by DTA, TG, DTG and IR analyses. During gradual heating in an oxidizing atmosphere, the adsorbed organic material was oxidized, giving ris

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Veiga, M. C., R. Méndez, and J. M. Lema. "Anaerobic filter and DSFF reactors in anaerobic treatment of tuna processing wastewater." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (1994): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0642.

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An anaerobic filter (AF) and a downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactor were used for the treatment of a tuna processing wastewater. Start-up of the anaerobic reactors was improved using lactose as co-substrate. The AF removed up to 75% of the influent COD concentrations at organic loading rates (OLR) of 11-13 kg COD m−3 d−1, whereas the DSFF reactor removed 70% at 3 kg COD m−3 d−1. Based on these results it appears that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to tuna processing industry wastewaters and that the AF shows a much better performance, allowing higher organic loadings and C

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Sparling, Arthur B., and David L. Woytowich. "A new concept of upflow clarification in activated sludge separation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 5 (1986): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-078.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate a new concept of upflow clarification. A novel sludge removal mechanism that used the entire floor area for the removal of solids was incorporated in an upflow clarifier. The operating characteristics and design features of the continuous flux upflow clarifier (CFLUC) are described in detail. The laboratory study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the CFLUC clarifier in separating sludges with different settling characteristics. The different sludge types were produced by an activated sludge system treating a synthetic dairy

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Cheng, S. S., S. Y. Huang, J. J. Lay, P. S. Tsai, and L. T. Cho. "Population Dynamics of Attached Biofilm in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (1992): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0430.

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An innovative anaerobic fluidized bed (AFB) with extreme height (21 metres) was designed by the UCL engineers. Food processing wastewater with relatively low COD concentration less than 1,000 ppm was treated. During the start-up period of seven months, the applied organic loadings (2 to 16 kgCOD/m3 − day) were increased stepwise with decreasing the HRT from 24 to 1.5 hours. Certain upflow velocities of 25 and 37 metres/hour were maintained to fluidize the ceramic particles up to 10 metres high. Population dynamics of the biofilm attached on particle medium was investigated in terms of increasi

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Roy, Souvik, Vlad Pascanu, Sonja Pullen, Greco González Miera, Belén Martín-Matute, and Sascha Ott. "Catalyst accessibility to chemical reductants in metal–organic frameworks." Chemical Communications 53, no. 22 (2017): 3257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00022g.

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This study of catalyst accessibility inside metal–organic frameworks demonstrates that pore dimensions, catalyst loadings, concentration of reductant, and reaction times all influence the proportion of catalysts within MOFs that engage in redox chemistry.

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Bolzonella, D., F. Fatone, P. Pavan, and F. Cecchi. "Application of a membrane bioreactor for winery wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 12 (2010): 2754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.645.

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Winery wastewaters are variable in nature and are hard to treat by means of the conventional activated sludge process because of the high organic loading associated with their production, especially during vintage. To face this situation, recently, membrane bioreactors have been widely applied to treat winery wastewaters. In this study, a full-scale membrane bioreactor treated some 110 m3/d of wastewater and organic loadings up to 1,600 kg COD per day. The average removal efficiency was 95% while the corresponding sludge yield was only 0.1 kg MLVSS per kg COD removed, as usual for these wastew

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Samudro, G., W. Oktiawan, T. Imai, et al. "Relationship between organic removal and power production in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell with intermittent mode." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1268, no. 1 (2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1268/1/012049.

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Abstract Unoptimised simultaneous performance in microbial fuel cell (MFC) is still a big concern due to a lack of information on the correlation between organic removal and power production. Its correlation becomes more substantial owing to the main factors which affect a concurrent condition. To contribute new insight, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the main factors for determining the optimal condition of MFC performance. Dual-chamber MFC (DCMFC) was designed by modifying the anode chamber into two compartments, namely double anode chamber DCMFC (DAC-DCMFC), operated w

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Ullmann, Dagny A., Mallory L. Hinks, Adrian M. Maclean, et al. "Viscosities, diffusion coefficients, and mixing times of intrinsic fluorescent organic molecules in brown limonene secondary organic aerosol and tests of the Stokes–Einstein equation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 3 (2019): 1491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1491-2019.

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Abstract. Viscosities and diffusion rates of organics within secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remain uncertain. Using the bead-mobility technique, we measured viscosities as a function of water activity (aw) of SOA generated by the ozonolysis of limonene followed by browning by exposure to NH3 (referred to as brown limonene SOA or brown LSOA). These measurements together with viscosity measurements reported in the literature show that the viscosity of brown LSOA increases by 3–5 orders of magnitude as the aw decreases from 0.9 to approximately 0.05. In addition, we measured diffusion coefficien

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Barton, D. A., J. D. Woodruff, T. M. Bousquet, and A. M. Parrish. "Treatment system response to transient AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) loadings." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (1997): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0489.

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If promulgated as proposed, effluent guidelines for the U.S. pulp and paper industry will impose average monthly and maximum daily numerical limits of discharged AOX (adsorbable organic halogen). At this time, it is unclear whether the maximum-day variability factor used to establish the proposed effluent guidelines will provide sufficient margin for mills to achieve compliance during periods of normal but variable operating conditions within the pulping and bleaching processes. Consequently, additional information is needed to relate transient AOX loadings with final AOX discharges. This pape

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Mendoza-Espinosa, L. G., and T. Stephenson. "Organic and Hydraulic Shock Loadings on a Biological Aerated Filter." Environmental Technology 22, no. 3 (2001): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618281.

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Charlton, Murray N., and Barry G. Oliver. "Chlorinated Organic Contaminants on suspended Sediments in Lake St. Clair." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 3 (1986): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.033.

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Abstract Sediment traps were used to study the presence and fate of chlorinated organics on suspended material in Lake St. Clair. The bulk of the material caught by the traps was resuspended bottom sediment. The highest concentrations of organics were usually found in the center of the lake while the lowest concentrations were found in the southeast area near the Thames River outlet. Organic contaminants were distributed throughout the lake on suspended material. Some results suggest that lateral mixing of contaminants in the St. Clair River results in transboundary pollution. Evidence of spor

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Grant, Shannon, and Kwan-Chow Lin. "Effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 1 (1995): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-013.

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A study investigating the effects of temperature and organic loading on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors was carried out in the laboratory. Laboratory-scale reactors of 3.2 L volume were semicontinuously fed a synthetic substrate consisting of beef consommé and macro- and micro-nutrient compounds. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 42 °C; organic loadings ranged from 2.0 to 30 kg COD/(m3∙d). Steady-state process kinetics and efficiencies were evaluated for the various conditions. Based on the assumption that upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor kinetics in the tempera

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