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Singh, Sumitra. "Health status and health needs of orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: contains 3rd party material and therefore cannot be made available electronically, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53383.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009.With: Health status and health needs of the orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal : the findings of the pilot study / S. Sing, Edwin R. Van Teijlingen, P. Simkhada. Stupa Journal of health services. 2007: 3, 1-2. With: Health status and health needs of orphan children of Kathmandu Nepal / S. Sing, P. Simkhada, Edwin R. Van Teijlingen. Journal of Nepal Heath Research Council. 2007: 5, 2. Includes bibliographical references.
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Murphy, Peter. "Poor, ignorant children, a great resource, the Saint John Emigrant Orphan Asylum admittance ledger in context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22804.pdf.
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Nshimyimana, Brigitte. "Perception on Support Provided to Orphan Children in Foster Care Placement in an Urban City of Windhoek (Namibia)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Child Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12619.
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Zambia is a highly urbanized country with 60% of its urban population residing in low cost areas also called peri-urban, slum or informal settlements. The increase in urban population attributed to rapid migration and urbanization due to political and economic changes has taken a toll on service provision as the infrastructure development and service provision has failed to meet the demand. For the 33 peri-urban areas in Lusaka, the water supply and sanitation has been poor, inadequate and unreliable with the coverage being slightly above 50% for water while 90% of the urban population does not have access to the much needed sanitation. The low coverage is a result of lack the financial capacity on the part of the service providers to extend services to un served areas.
This research focuses on the strategies to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to peri-urban areas to ensure improved accessibility through the expansion of infrastructure and attainment of full cost recovery. In this era of increasing migration to unplanned settlements where the services are inadequate, alternatives to public provision of water and sanitation services need to be put in place. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership which encompasses the society, private and the civil society. As has been found in the study the best alternative should not only be completely bottom up but should also be more demand driven and be able to provide for greater contributions from the affected communities.
The hypothesis of the study is to ascertain if provision of water supply to the Peri-Urban Areas (PUAs) can be achieved through the partnership between the water utility and the small scale water providers. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to: evaluate and compare the current service provision to the peri-urban areas by the utility and small scale providers in terms of technical, social and institutional arrangements and determine the best way of ensuring sustained service provision to peri urban areas and show how partnership can be the best solution to improving service delivery to these areas.
Service provision in PUAs can not be achieved without the involvement of all the stakeholders especially the community who are also the users and whose major role is paying for the service to enhance sustainability. In this study the Small Scale Water Providers (SSWP) users were found to be satisfied with the service provided than the utility users who felt that more needed to be done. The two providers are found to have different strengths which when combined would enhance service provision. The collaboration between utility with its competence in water supply, technical installations, water quality testing and SSWP with theirs in community involvement, cost recovery, effective operation and maintenance and demand driven water schemes have to be merged to achieve the intended goal and it is also an indication that the two can complement each other. Utility should therefore consider opening investment accounts for all the areas so as to detach PUAs needs from the general plan and eventually budget as they would be self sustaining and enhance willingness to pay for the users. The SSWP should therefore be viewed as partners by all and licensing should be considered by the government for the benefit of the urban poor.
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Bubacz, Beryl M. "The Female and Male Orphan Schools in New South Wales, 1801-1850." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2474.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis is concerned with an examination and re-assessment of the establishment, operation and management of the Female and Male Orphan Schools, in the first half of the nineteenth century in New South Wales. The chaplains and governors in the early penal settlement were faced with a dilemma, as they beheld the number of children who were ‘orphaned’, neglected, abandoned and destitute. In order to understand the reasons why these children were in necessitous circumstances, the thesis seeks to examine the situations of the convict women, who were the mothers of these children. Governors Philip Gidley King and Lachlan Macquarie respectively in 1801 and 1819 established the Schools, which provided elementary education, training and residential care within a religious setting. Researching the motives underlying the actions of these men has been an important part of the thesis. An examination of the social backgrounds of some of the children admitted to these Schools has been undertaken, in order to provide a greater understanding of the conditions under which the children were living prior to their admissions. Information about family situations, and the social problems encountered by parents that led them to place their children in the Schools, have been explored. The avenues open to the girls and boys when they left the Schools, has formed part of the study. Some children were able to be reunited with family members, but the majority of them were apprenticed. A study of the nature of these apprenticeships, has led to a greater understanding of employment opportunities for girls and boys at that time. In 1850 the Schools were amalgamated into the Protestant Orphan School at Parramatta. By examining the governance and operation of the Schools during their last two decades as separate entities, we have more knowledge about and understanding of these two colonial institutions. It is the conclusion of this thesis that some of the harsher judgements of revisionist social historians need to be modified. It was the perception that more social disorder would occur if action was not taken to ‘rescue’ the ‘orphaned’ children, usually of convict parentage. However genuine charity, philanthropy and concern was displayed for the children in grave physical and moral danger. The goals of the founders were not always reached in the Orphan Schools, nevertheless they performed an invaluable service in the lives of many children.
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Samuelson, Kajsa, and Frida Lidén. "”Love and patience is most important” : A qualitative interview study about the views and experiences from physical therapists working with orphan children diagnosed with cerebral palsy in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Åsenlöf: Fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411357.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a diagnosis found worldwide. Literature indicates the importance of teaching families how to support the child. Orphan children are an exposed group and if the child also is diagnosed with CP the child is even more exposed. A literature search on how the lack of social support from close family, for example a child being orphan, affects the physical therapy intervention for CP showed no results. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to investigate views and experiences from physical therapists at “The Center of Rehabilitation and Support For Children With Disabilities”, Ho Chi Minh City, about their work with orphan children diagnosed with CP. Method: A qualitative interview study with physical therapists working with orphan children diagnosed with CP. The data was collected through five semi-structured interviews. Summary of result: The result was divided into four categories and 14 subcategories. The treatment for the orphan children was motor skill oriented and included a psychosocial view. “Love” was very important in physical therapy treatment, as a substitute for social support from close family. The participants had examples of obstacles and experiences on ways to overcome lack of social support. Conclusion: The most prominent views and experiences from the physical therapists were to love the orphan children as their own and act in their professional roles in ways that compensate for strong social support. There is a need for more research in this area.Bakgrund: Cerebral pares (CP) är en diagnos som finns över hela världen. Litteratur och riktlinjer anger vikten av att lära familjer hur man kan stödja barnet. Föräldralösa barn är en utsatt grupp och om barnet också är diagnostiserat med CP är barnet ännu mer utsatt. En litteratursökning om hur bristen på socialt stöd, till exempel ett barn som är föräldralöst, påverkar fysioterapeutisk behandling för CP visade inga resultat. Syftet: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats var att intervjua fysioterapeuter vid ”The Center for Rehabilitation and Support For Children with Disabilities” i Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, om erfarenheter av deras arbete med föräldralösa barn som har fått diagnosen CP. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med fysioterapeuter som arbetade med föräldralösa barn diagnostiserade med CP. Datan samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sammanfattning av resultatet: Resultatet delades in i fyra kategorier och 14 subkategorier. Behandlingen för de föräldralösa barnen var motorisk färdighetsorienterad och inkluderade ett psykosocialt perspektiv. ”Kärlek” var mycket viktigt i fysioterapibehandlingen, som en ersättning för bristen av socialt stöd från nära familj. Deltagarna hade exempel på hinder som uppkom men också erfarenheter av sätt att övervinna bristen på socialt stöd. Slutsats: De mest framstående erfarenheterna från fysioterapeuterna var att älska de föräldralösa barnen som sina egna och agera som ett starkt socialt stöd. Det finns ett behov av ytterligare forskning inom detta område.
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Kuo, Caroline C. "Health impacts amongst carers of orphans and other children in a high HIV prevalence community in South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55d6a6c6-5065-421f-ab97-6ff94d38f70c.
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Fifteen million children have been orphaned by AIDS. A growing body of evidence documents impacts of parental deaths on orphans, but little is known about impacts faced by AIDS-orphan carers. This study set out to: (a) investigate physical and mental health outcomes of adults caring for children in Umlazi, a high HIV prevalence township in South Africa; (b) assess whether AIDS-orphan carers face worse outcomes compared to other carers; and, (c) identify risk and protective factors for health. Using a cross-sectional survey, data was gathered from a representative community sample from August 2008 to March 2009 resulting in the largest known study conducted on AIDS-orphan carers to date (n=1599). The majority of carers looked after non-orphaned children (66.85%) followed by AIDS-orphan (22.45%) and other-orphan children (10.69%). Orphan carers had significantly worse general health and functioning, depression, and post-traumatic stress than non-orphan carers but patterns were less clear when orphan carers were disaggregated into AIDS-orphan and other-orphan carers for comparison. This suggests that health interventions might target orphan carers, rather than singling out AIDS-orphan carers. Differences in age, gender, education, economic assets, and source of household income fully accounted for the association between being an orphan carer and poor health. Social policy grants reduced negative health disparities between orphan carers and non-orphan carers. Social support, education, economic assets, food, access to water, and housing were iii also identified as risk and protective co-factors that might reduce orphan carer disparities in health. By highlighting health as a serious issue for orphan carers and identifying risk and protective factors for health, this study offers policy and program insights into how to mitigate negative impacts faced by carers in high HIV prevalence communities facing escalating numbers of orphans.
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Cluver, Lucie D. "Risk and protective factors for the psychological well-being of children orphaned by AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e61eaced-8d9f-4828-a2e5-dfaece0946c8.
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Background: Orphanhood is a major consequence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. There is little evidence concerning psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children. This thesis explores the relationship between orphanhood status and mental health. It also examines mediating influences of environmental risk and protective factors, and interactions between factors, on children’s psychological problems. Methods: 1200 isiXhosa-speaking children were interviewed, using standardised questionnaires, in deprived urban settlements of Cape Town. A qualitative stage with 60 AIDS-orphaned children, 42 caregivers and 20 professionals explored participant perceptions of risk and protective factors. A quantitative stage compared 1025 AIDS-orphaned children to control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. Data were analysed with t-tests, chi-sq, anovas, regression and log-linear analyses. The study took place in collaboration with Cape Town Child Welfare. Results: AIDS-orphaned children reported more depression (p<.001), peer relationship problems (p<.001), post-traumatic stress (p<.001), suicidal ideation (p<.05), delinquency (p<.001) and conduct problems (p<.001) than other-orphans and non-orphans. Anxiety showed no differences. Compared to Western norms, AIDS-orphaned children showed higher levels of internalising problems and delinquency, but lower levels of conduct problems. These differences remained when controlling for socio-demographic factors. A number of factors strongly mediated the relationship between AIDS-orphanhood and mental health. These include poverty-related factors (food, education and social security, p<.001). caregiving-related factors (caregiver illness, p<.001, excessive housework p<.001, being a streetchild, p<.001) and AIDS-related stigma (p<.001). Cumulative effects were also found. Food insecurity and AIDS-related stigma interacted to raise likelihood of disorder from 19% to 83%, and orphanhood status and bullying interacted to raise likelihood from 12% to 76%. Conclusions: This thesis shows clear evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst AIDS-orphaned children. It also indicates mediating factors and points to areas of possible intervention. The South African Ministry of Social Development plans to scale up the study to a national survey of AIDS-orphanhood.
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Uhlén, Karin. "A White Orphan’s Educational Path in British India : A Postcolonial Perspective on Rudyard Kipling’s Novel Kim." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49439.
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In this essay Rudyard Kipling’s novel Kim (1901) is dealt with from a postcolonial perspective, and the aim is to show how three father figures - Colonel Creighton, Mahbub Ali and the lama - individually influence Kim’s education. Furthermore, how their point of view on education and parenting can be used to understand the larger concepts of postcolonialism and the pedagogy of Empire. This essay will argue that Kipling provides three different approaches to education that each can be considered the most suitable for a white orphan in British India during the late nineteenth century. Colonel Creighton is the personification of the imperial mindset, an authoritarian leader who strongly believes in institutions such as schools. Whereas Mahbub Ali, the wild horse from beyond the border and a servant of the Great Game, advocates freedom and a non-institutionalised form of education. Last but not least, the Buddhist lama from Tibet wishes to make Kim his chela and teach him the Wheel of Life. Reading Kipling’s novel Kim helps us to create an awareness of how the world order has changed during the decades and also gives us the opportunity to look at our present time in different lights.
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Mataka, Anafi. "Perceptions of factors contributing to psychological distress in HIV positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Mochudi, Botswana : a family caregiver and health care worker analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5301.
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Master of Public Health - MPHBackground: The repercussions of being HIV positive coupled by the complications of antiretroviral therapy are likely to cause distress, emotional and psychological problems particularly among children infected by the virus. The limited support services for children experiencing distress intensify the urgency to address this challenge. Despite the availability of social workers and nurses' interventions currently in place, the number of children in need of psychological care continues to increase. This is particularly true at Deborah Retief Memorial (DRM) hospital, one of the main antiretroviral therapy facilities in Kgatleng district, Botswana. Method: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of social workers, nurses and caregivers on key factors contributing to psychological distress of HIV positive children. A descriptive, exploratory qualitative study design that employed the use of in-depth interviews was used to conduct this study. Participants included four caregivers of HIV positive children who seek antiretroviral therapy at DRM hospital Infectious Diseases Control Clinic, together with five nurses and two social workers who worked in the same clinic. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the in-depth interview transcripts. Results: Perceived psychological stressors for HIV positive children included disclosure of HIV status, orphanhood, social problems, lifelong treatment, stigma, poor caregiver-child relationship and lack of caregiver‟s love, care and support. However the caregivers did not fully understand the psychological distress the HIV positive children were experiencing, hence were unable to recognize it in these children. The study highlighted that major challenges faced by the health-workers included lack of qualified personnel, lack of adequate knowledge and skills, and a non-conducive working environment required to effectively assist children with psychological distress. The findings also indicated the need for education and support of caregivers and HIV positive children by the educators, family and health-worker systems. Conclusion: The profile of key stressors of psychological distress, the challenges and support needs suggested by the participants in this study can provide a framework for improving the existing services for HIV positive children with psychosocial problems. This information is important for use in training nurses and social workers involved with children with psychological behaviours.
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Redford, Sofia. "Framing the issues of orphans and vulnerable children /." Connect to online version, 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2008/255.pdf.
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Schach, Vanderlei Alberto. "Crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade: o trabalho de Henrique e Frieda Leibich como referência inspiradora para o cuidado social." Faculdades EST, 2014. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=564.
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Esta pesquisa descreve a história do Lar da Criança Henrique Liebich desde sua fundação, em 11 de fevereiro de 1961, até a atualidade, e suas implicações com a legislação vigente. Tem como protagonistas principais seu fundador, Henrique Liebich, sua esposa Frieda Liebich e filhos, bem como órfãos e crianças acolhidos na época. A partir da descrição, abre-se o leque da pesquisa para uma análise breve da situação dos órfãos, da criança e do adolescente em situação de vulnerabilidade no Brasil. A partir de estatísticas disponíveis são analisadas as principais causas desta, que vão desde desigualdade social até desestruturação familiar. Como a pesquisa se dá em campo religioso, devido à inserção do pesquisador na Convenção Batista Pioneira do Sul do Brasil, conta também com uma fundamentação teológica para a infância a partir da Bíblia, que aponta para a família como um lugar de proteção para a infância. Já em termos conclusivos, busca-se retomar os dados históricos levantados durante a pesquisa e aplicá-los à realidade da infância, apresentando assim alternativas para a problemática da criança e do adolescente em situação de vulnerabilidade.This research describes the story of the Henrique Liebich Childrens Home since the foundation, in February 11th, 1961, until the present day. Also its implications with the actual legislation. The main role is lived by Henrique Liebich, the founder, his wife Frieda Liebish and children, as well as the orphan children recovered at the time. Starting from the description a bracket opened for the research and brief analisis of the orphans situation, the children and teenagers in vulnerable situations in Brazil. From the available statistics evaluated, the main reasons that goes from social enequality to the destructuration of the family. The research envolves the religion field due to the insertion of the researcher on the Pioneer Baptist Convention of the South of Brazil. He counts with the theologycal foundamentation for the childhood from the Bible, that points to the family as a place for protection of the childhood. In conclusion the researcher used historical data recovered to apply to the childhood reality, presenting alternatives to the problem of the children and teenagers in vulnerable situations.
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Madziva, Cathrine. "The impact of international non-govermental organisations on the response of community-based organisations to the HIV/AIDs related orphan and vulnerable children crisis in Zimbabwe : The cse of Batsiranai adn Danish Association for international cooperatio." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536729.
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Benner, Kalea Kelly Michael Joseph. "Legalized orphans parental relinquishment to child welfare /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7014.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Michael J. Kelly. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Delpeu, Marion. "Enfances, sida et religions en Inde du Sud : une ethnographie de la circulation des enfants séropositifs." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21862.
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L’enfant séropositif est récemment devenu un enjeu majeur des politiques de santé, qui articulent des acteurs aussi divers que l’Etat, les agences internationales, les ONG et les congrégations religieuses, et dont les desseins pour ces enfants sont l’objet de luttes de pouvoir, culturels, économiques et religieux.A travers une ethnographie d’une structure catholique d’accueil des sidéens située à Pondichéry, dans le sud de l’Inde, cette thèse a pour objectif d’examiner comment s’articulent au quotidien ces enjeux autour de la prise en charge et de la circulation de ces enfants, souvent orphelins, pauvres et de basse caste. Comment les constructions conflictuelles des images du sidéen prennent corps dans le quotidien des enfants et de leur circulation ? Comment ces enfants parviennent-ils à réinterpréter, à défier, à s’extirper des projets imposés dans un contexte structuré par l’issue, à la fois incertaine et indépassable, du VIH ?Une alliance inédite de Frères missionnaires occidentaux, principalement français, avec des Sœurs indiennes a donné naissance à un ashram catholique accueillant les sidéens et plaçant les enfants au cœur de projets éducatifs, médicaux et religieux divergents. Alors que la seconde intègre les enfants séropositifs au panthéon de la compassion aux côtés de la veuve et l’orphelin, la première recherche la conversion par l’éducation religieuse.Ces deux projets pour l’enfant séropositif cohabitent avec les enjeux multiples qui se nouent entre acteurs divers et les familles autour de l’encadrement des enfants. L’enfant séropositif, devenu l’étendard des valeurs propres aux différents acteurs, circule entre familles, institutions d’accueil et systèmes de santé, négocie des langues, des rapports à la maladie, aux soins, à l’éducation et à la religion dont les échelles locales, régionales, nationales et transnationales ne cessent de se croiserThe HIV positive child has recently become a major stake in health policies. The cultural, economic and religious projects and goals for those children are at the heart of struggles between actors as diverse as State, international agencies, NGO and religious organizations. Through the ethnography of a catholic ashram for HIV children located in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, South India, this thesis examines the everyday struggles for the care and circulation of aids orphan, poor and from low castes. How does the making of the representation of HIV orphans take place in the everyday life of children and their circulation? How those children manage to re interpret, defy and cope with projects in a context shaped by the uncertain but inescapable fate of HIV?An alliance between western missionaries Brothers, mainly French, with Indian Sisters has given rise to a catholic ashram taking care of HIV people, with children at the centre of their educative, medical and religious projects. The second integrates HIV children into the compassionate pantheon besides the widow and the orphan, while the first aims to convert through religious education.Those two projects co exist with the multiples stakes that frame the care and the circulation of those children. The HIV orphans - the new flagship of actors involved in HIV domain - circulate between families, care centers and health structures and negotiate languages, conceptions of diseases, health care, education and religion, which intersect between local, regional and transnational scales
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Jaca, Thozama Torrico. "An investigation into the emotional experiences of orphaned children." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1443.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2013The study focused on the emotional experiences of orphaned children. Attention was given to the long term emotional cost of children who might grow up lacking the attachment figures’ love and guidance. Previously, concern was for material and educational needs of orphaned children. Now there is a need to couple this concern with an awareness of their psychological needs. Children whose parents are deceased often experience a number of negative changes in their lives and are often likely to start suffering from factors such as emotional neglect and rejection from their extended family members. Qualitative research design was employed in this study. Convenience sampling method was used to recruit eight orphans. Data was collected via semi- structured interviews and thematic analysis was used. It was found that children who were orphaned experience different kinds of emotions challenges such as: sadness, anxiety, feelings of rejection and abandonment. The study’ findings recommended that when placing children after the passing away of a parent or parents, they should be placed with caregivers who are still capable of taking care of the orphan’s diverse needs. It was also found, that although orphaned children were still young, consulting them about decisions or issues that affect their lives, lessens the anxiety and the feeling of being hopeless.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
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Goerzen, Christy Sharon. "Narratives of transformation : orphan girls, dolls and secret spaces in children's literature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32613.
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Many critics working in the field of literature for children have acknowledged the
prevalence of orphan characters, dolls and doll characters and "children-only" spaces in the
literature. While many have discussed their significance separately, to the best of my
knowledge no one has thus far examined how they can function and operate together in
literature for children. This examination of these formerly separate topics together is
grounded in the question: How do dolls, secret spaces and the play associated with them
function in literature for children such that the marginalized and displaced orphan girl
characters therein undergo positive psychological transformation?
My study is based in literary and psychological analysis. The theoretical framework
employs the play theories of D.W. Winnicott and Erik Erikson, in conjunction with Gaston
Bachelard's and Yi-Fu Tuan's theories of space. The methodology of this study builds upon
psychological analyses of the orphan girl protagonists, within the context of their secret space
environments and their relationships with dolls in the novels.
This thesis analyzes four distinct novels featuring orphan girl protagonists, secret
spaces and dolls, and examines the forms of psychological transformation experienced by
each protagonist: Rumer Godden's Miss Happiness and Miss Flower, Sylvia Cassedy's Lucie
Babbidge's House, Enys Tregarthen's The Doll Who Came Alive and Sylvia Cassedy's
Behind the Attic Wall. In each case, this positive outcome is encouraged and facilitated by
the girl's relationship to her dolls and her place of solace, or secret space. The patterns found
here can point to ways of discovering the psychological changes in other protagonists in
literature for children, and how playthings and secret spaces can work to facilitate these
changes.Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
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Claret, Laura. "The psychological well-being among institutionalized orphans and vulnerable children in Maputo." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8004.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty and its consequences hit orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) the hardest. As the once protective safety net dissipates, many OVC are forced to live in overcrowded and understaffed orphanages. In the attempt to meet survival needs, psychological health is pushed into the background. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of psychological well-being among institutionalized OVC in Maputo, Mozambique. Qualitative interviews (N=12) and field observations in orphanages (N=6) were analyzed through the hierarchy of needs model. Institutionalized OVC were found living under poor general care with few opportunities for ludic, educational, and social growth. Also among the finding were neglect and abuse, attachment difficulties and traumatic stress symptoms. Nonetheless, this study opposes the disuse of orphanages and suggests interventions to improve the children’s psychological well-being.
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Frood, Sharron. "The experience of AIDS orphans living in a township." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/505.
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One of the challenges facing health care professionals today is the phenomenon of rendering care to children who have been orphaned in the AIDS pandemic. The number of AIDS orphans in South Africa has risen out of all proportion and is causing existing health and social structures to become stretched in providing care to this vulnerable population of children. The objectives of this study are to explore and to describe the lived experience of children living in a township who have become AIDS orphans and to develop broad guidelines for Primary Health Care Nurses (PHCN’s), related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. The theoretical grounding of this study is found in Kotze’s Theory on Nursing Accompaniment (Kotzé, 1998:3). The proposed research design was based upon a qualitative study using an explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological strategy of inquiry. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews from a purposively selected sample and then analysed using the steps of qualitative data analysis proposed by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994). Guba’s model was used to assess the trustworthiness of the qualitative data. Based upon the findings, guidelines were developed to assist PHCN’s related professionals and partners involved in the care of AIDS orphans living in a township. Through this study the goal of the researcher was to give a voice to AIDS orphans living in a township and to represent accurately their lived experience.
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Jepkemboi, Grace. "The educational and psychological experiences of children orphaned by AIDS in western Kenya." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/jepkemboi.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.Additional advisors: Gypsy Abbott, Lois M. Christensen, Lynn D. Kirkland, Maryann Manning. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 6, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-104).
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Seyuba, Mesele M. "Assessing responses and interventions to orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS: A case study of the experiences of HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children in Gugulethu, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11771.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-77).
This study examines how children who are exposed to the impact of HIV/AIDS in their immediate families are affected; what their experiences are and what coping strategies they employ on a day to day basis. Such children are referred to as HIV/AIDS orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Furthermore, the study examines the response proposals of key role players, such as government departments, civil society organisations and the affected communities, in dealing with the challenges faced by HIV/AIDS OVCs.
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Abebe, Tatek. "Ethiopian childhoods : a case study of the lives of orphans and working children." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2016.
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This thesis explores two aspects of contemporary childhoods –orphanhood and children’s work – in Ethiopia. By drawing on case studies from Gedeo (rural) and Addis Ababa (urban), I discuss how children and young people negotiate their lives in respect of changing politicoeconomic and socio-cultural contexts. The study is framed in the light of poverty, the shifting livelihood trajectories of families and the growth in the number of orphans. In Ethiopia, there are about 5 million orphans, of whom 1.5 million (30%) have become so due to HIV/AIDS (UNICEF, 2003). According to UNICEF, the proportion of the latter in relation to the total number of orphans is increasing alarmingly. Little is known about how these children grow up and how the extended family system is coping with the impacts of the epidemic.
Paper II reproduced with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
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Motlogelwa, Kealeboga Kelly. "An exploration of social policy responses for orphans and vulnerable children in Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12081.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This study explores whether social policy responses for orphans and vulnerable children(OVC) in Botswana address the needs of this category of children. The objectives of social policies and legislation (such as the Constitution, the Children's Act of 2009, the National Guidelines on the Care of OVC of 2008, and the Botswana National Plan of Action for OVC of 2010-2016) in relation to social protection are analysed, and the availability, accessibility and adequacy of the HIV and AIDS social protection measures for OVC, namely prevention of mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral therapy, and community home-based care and orphan food baskets, are described. The study argues that these social policy responses for OVC are inadequate and do not comprehensively meet the needs of OVC. There is an inadequate legal and policy framework, fragmentation of social protection provisions, inadequate minimum eligibility criteria, shortage of human resources, insufficient funding, lack of awareness, and the presence of stigma and discrimination. These present barriers to the availability, accessibility and adequacy of social protection provision to OVC.
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Mutenheri, Hellen. "A formative evaluation of the James House programme for orphans and vulnerable children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8546.
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Includes bibliographical references.The increasing burden of care and support of orphaned children or those made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS remains a critical and challenging issue particularly in the South African context. A number of community based interventions have been put in place to provide both material and psychosocial support. This dissertation is a theory-driven process evaluation of a programme offering care and support to orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs). The programme is run by James House, a non-governmental organization whose main objective is to meet the basic needs of children in their service area; to protect them from abuse and exploitation, and to ensure there is no family breakdown that would lead to institutionalisation of the children. James House implements a nationally accredited model of care for OVCs called Isibindi. The James House approach involves direct support to OVCs and indirect support through referrals to complementary services. This dissertation presents the results of a formative evaluation of the James House Isibindi programme which provides some insight into the implementation and improvement of the programme.
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Goba, Linda. "Educators perceived challenges in dealing with HIV and AIDS orphans and vulnerable children." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/963.
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The HIV and AIDS pandemic in South Africa has increased the number of orphans and vulnerable children in the school system. Given the prominent role that teachers can play in ensuring that these children receive a quality education so as to maximise their life opportunities, it is important for teachers to be empowered and equipped to enable them to deal with issues surrounding orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) at schools. This study focuses on how teachers are experiencing the impact of HIV and AIDS in schools as a result of having OVC in their classes. The Department of Education has developed training courses to help teachers cope with the impact of HIV and AIDS, but the effectiveness of these programmes has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to establish how teachers who have attended these programmes feel about the assistance rendered to them to deal with OVC related issues. In order to meet this aim, a qualitative enquiry was conducted among a sample of selected teachers from the Eastern Cape. The findings suggest that, while the training has helped to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the teachers, it has not equipped them with the necessary skills to overcome barriers to implement the training programmes at school level. The findings also suggest that there is a need for ongoing support from the Department of Education and the trainers it contracts to ensure that learning from the training is implemented in the schools. Based on the research findings, the study concludes with recommendations that will help teachers to better cope with OVC related issues at school.
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Seruwagi, Gloria K. "Examining the agency and construction of 'Orphans and Vulnerable Children' in rural Uganda." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17506/.
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The increasing number of “orphans and vulnerable children” (‘OVC’) in sub-Saharan Africa has been the subject of much inquiry and intervention in research, policy and practice. Two major concerns have been highlighted: i) traditional mechanisms for their care and support are overstretched and ii) ‘OVC’ have poor socioeconomic outcomes. Dominant discourses emphasise adults’ central role in ‘OVC’ wellbeing while ‘OVC’ are cast as helpless, passive victims and not active social agents who demonstrate resilience and ingenuity in dealing with difficult circumstances. Focussing on Sheema district in rural Uganda, this study sought to give voice to ‘OVC’ and use their lived experiences to develop a robust framework of care and support. ‘OVC’ were engaged as producers of knowledge and agents of change using innovative child-centred approaches to explore representations of their care and support through verbal and visual representation of their lived realities. This methodology enabled the development of narratives and critical dialogue about social issues with grassroots social activism. For example participatory methods such as draw-and-write, community mapping and daily-routine-diagrams located the conceptual tools and analytic skills in the hands of ‘OVC’. This study found that the majority of existing ‘OVC’ representations are adult constructs not necessarily subscribed to by ‘OVC’ themselves. Acknowledging their difficult circumstances, most ‘OVC’ have devised solutions to their challenges and are optimistic despite being constrained by structural and cultural barriers. Traditional care mechanisms have evolved and require strengthening, particularly at community level. The lens through which most interventions have been commissioned, implemented and evaluated is paternalistic and does not acknowledge ‘OVC’ competencies. ‘OVC’ voices and lived experiences should inform interventions; also they should be constructed in a more balanced light – showing their challenges while acknowledging their agency in dealing with these challenges. This study proposes a more nuanced label for ‘OVC’ and also develops a robust theoretical framework for their care and support.
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Matthews, Robert C. "The littlest immigrants: the immigration and adoption of foreign orphans." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64992.
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This dissertation examines a unique class of immigrants: foreign orphans adopted by American families. Those children accounted for 18,000 adoptions in 1984 and 1985, or 20 percent of non-relative adoptions in the United States. This rapidly increasing class of immigrants is subject to Federal regulation of immigration and to State regulation of adoption. Visa petitions for foreign orphans, filed by adopting American citizens, are the only immigration petitions for permanent residence that are subject to a State veto. Regulation of intercountry adoption in the United States exposes adopting citizen parents to significant variations in requirements, costs, time, etc., and even in the ultimate issue of Federal approval of their immigration petition - all based on the State in which they reside.
This dissertation will make a case for changing the U.S. Code to eliminate the interjurisdictional confusion in which 50 systems of orphan immigration take the place of a unitary Federal system of immigration. The dissertation uses Supreme Court opinions with a more traditional policy analysis to show that the current system conflicts with fundamental constitutional values of individual rights and federalism. Conversely, the advocated change is shown to be on solid constitutional ground. The dissertation does not argue that the current system is "unconstitutional," but that the system fosters inequity and interjurisdictional confusion which Congress can and should correct.
The dissertation examines the immigration and adoption elements involved, provides new data on American and intercountry adoption, and reviews American and foreign procedures. This establishes that intercountry adoption is a major alternative in American family building, that the system is safe, the children are healthy and that the system is closely regulated by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, the State Department, and, in foreign countries, by national ministries, juvenile courts and other institutions. Problems often associated with intercountry adoption are shown to be based on misinformation and a lack of familiarity with the extent of Federal and foreign regulation.
Conversely, the State role is shown to be duplicative and based on less than compelling constitutional grounds. The dissertation challenges the notion that State jurisdiction over family relations justifies a State role in intercountry adoption and shows that some State policies on foreign adoption are based on unrealistic assumptions about States' administrative and technical capacities. Similarly, the dissertation shows that mandating a role for American adoption agencies in intercountry adoption (as some States now require) is inappropriate, and that a pre-emptive State role does not add constructively to the regulatory system. The State role adds to delays and costs incurred by citizens, with no additional public benefit.Ph. D.
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Carusi, Dawn L. "Narratives of Orphaned Adults: Journey to Restoration." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1157635067.
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Flammant, Cécile. "Approche démographique de l'orphelinage précoce en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H055/document.
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Les orphelins (enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes qui ont perdu un ou deux parents par décès) n’ont pas de statut spécifique en France et la statistique publique ne produit pas d’estimation de leur nombre. À partir de trois sources de données (Tronc commun des enquêtes auprès des ménages ; enquêtes Famille de 1999 et 2011 ; État-civil), nous estimons qu’environ 600 000 jeunes de moins de 25 ans sont orphelins d’un parent ou des deux en France en 2015, soit 3% de cette tranche d’âge. Les trois-quarts d’entre eux sont des orphelins de père dont la mère est vivante. L’orphelinage précoce paternel est plus différencié socialement que l’orphelinage précoce maternel. La proportion d’orphelins a diminué depuis 1999, ce qui est cohérent avec la baisse de la mortalité des adultes ; cependant, le retard des naissances a compensé en partie l’effet de cette baisse de la mortalité des adultes sur la proportion d’orphelins. Alors que dans l’imaginaire collectif, l’image de l’orphelin est celle d’un enfant privé de ses deux parents et vivant dans un orphelinat, cette thèse montre que la réalité de l’orphelinage au début du 21ème siècle est très éloignée de cette représentation issue du passé. La très grande majorité des mineurs orphelins ont un parent vivant et résident lui, le plus souvent dans une famille monoparentale, sinon dans une famille recomposée. Les familles des orphelins ont un risque un peu plus grand d’avoir un faible niveau de vie que les autres familles de même structure et cela s’explique principalement par leur position socioéconomique moins favorableThe orphans (children, teenagers and young adults who have lost one or both parents by death) do not have any specific status in France and there is no estimation of their number in the national statistics. Using three data sources (The household introductory module ; 1999 et 2011 Family surveys ; Civil registration data), we estimate that around 600 000 youths aged under 25 are orphaned in France in 2015, which represents 3% of this age group. Three orphans out of four have lost their father but their mother is alive. The proportion of orphans has fallen since 1999 : this trend fits the trends in adult mortality, however the rise of parents’ age at birth has cancelled some part of the effect of the decline in adult mortality upon the proportion of orphans. The social differences in the risks of becoming an orphan before age 25 are bigger among fatherless children than among motherless children. While in the collective imagination, an orphan is a child deprived of both parents and living in an orphanage, this thesis shows that in the early 21st century the situation of the orphaned children (aged under 18) is far from this image from the past centuries. Most of the orphaned children have a surviving parent and live with him, in a one-parent family or in a stepfamily. The families with orphaned children have a slightly higher risk of having a low standard of living compared with the families without orphaned children, and this can be explained by the fact that those families have a lower socioeconomic status
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Martin, Cherie. "Caregiver Perspectives on Psychosocial Support Programming for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in South Africa." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31921.
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In 2011 there were an estimated 3.9 million orphaned children in South Africa, many of them orphaned by HIV/AIDS. These children are at high risk for developing psychosocial and mental health problems. The National Strategy for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVCs) recognizes the importance of psychosocial support but there are few specific guidelines on best practice and little research on the effectiveness of psychosocial support programs. There is even less research capturing the perspectives of front-line staff and caregivers. This master’s thesis project conducted a case study of an NGO that provides foster care for OVCs in the Western Cape of South Africa.
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 foster mothers, four social workers and one administrator of the HomeFromHome organization. Interviews explored the experiences, opinions and concerns of participants regarding psychosocial support and the respondents’ views on the (1) main challenges they face in providing psychosocial support (2) what they see as the most effective forms of support and (3) their recommendations for policy changes.
Responses highlighted the psychosocial challenges faced by OVCs, those caring for children, and program staff. The research findings support the existing literature, which promotes psychosocial support as essential for orphaned, and vulnerable children. This case study found that HomeFromHome social workers, foster mothers and administration want increased levels of psychosocial support for both children and caregivers. Respondents identified foster mothers and a primary loving caregiver as the most significant form and source of psychosocial support for the children.
An analysis of the participant responses identified several areas that warrant further investigation for future policy and program development. These include: the different forms of alternative childcare, the role of the community and the church, the gap between policy and implementation, gendered issues, the aging out process, and issues concerning biological families.
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Chikova, Adelaide. "An analysis of the effects of the political environment on the governance of orphans and vulnerable children by non-state actors in Mutare, Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75551.
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This study focused on how the political environment affects the governance of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) by non-state actors in Mutare, Zimbabwe. The increase in the number of OVC has led to non-state actors intervening to care and support for OVC because the government is no longer able to do so. Traditionally, extended families worked as the safety net for OVC but due to certain government policies and failures, the burden of caring for the children has increasingly fallen on non-state actors. Governance determines who has power, who makes decisions, how people make their voices heard, and how account is rendered. It aims to promote and strengthen participation by civil society in governing. This research looked at people involved in decision making, who the actors are, and who they report to. A qualitative research design and case study approach was used to provide answers to the research problem which is an investigation of the effects of the political environment on the governance of OVC. Primary data collection was obtained through interviews in organizations in Mutare that assists OVCs. The researcher made use of content analysis to analyse the data that was obtained through interviews. This research found that although the government of Zimbabwe created policies to support the care of the OVC, they have also created an undesirable environment that affects the governance of OVCs. Some of the policies were created to monitor the functioning of non-state actors which resulted in most of the organizations to relocate to neighbouring countries. The outcomes of this study will assist policymakers and childcare programmes to review and design effective intervention policies aimed at helping OVC in Zimbabwe.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
UP postgraduate bursary for Masters and Doctoral students.
Political Sciences
MA
Unrestricted
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Efird, Robert Arthur. "Japan's war orphans and new overseas Chinese : history, identification and (multi)ethnicity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6405.
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Wood, Enid. "The phenomenon of resilience in aids orphans / Enid Wood." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2466.
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Nkomo, Thobeka Sweetness. "The needs of children in middle childhood orphaned by HIV/AIDS." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192008-174457.
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Maqoko, Zamani. "HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households : a challenge to pastoral care." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23570.
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HIV/AIDS has done a great damage to families and their children. Due to HIV/AIDS, grandmothers find themselves caring for their sick children, grandchildren and orphaned grandchildren. Because of the large number of AIDS orphans, the existing pool of community-based support has become saturated. Therefore these children now have to fend for themselves. They are forced to become heads of the households and breadwinners. In this situation the older children have to assume the role of looking after their siblings. Death caused by HIV/AIDS leaves children vulnerable, in great distress and poverty. The stigma and discrimination related to the HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in the isolation of infected persons and their family members. Sometimes the isolation continues until and even after the children become orphans. It is a fact that HIV/AIDS orphans as heads of households are undergoing traumatic experiences. On the psychological level children are traumatized by the illness of their parent(s). Because of the high rate of unemployed and pervasive poverty in this country many families are reluctant to take in orphans. Other problems are: the cost of treating illnesses caused by HIV/AIDS places a huge economic burden on families. After death, funeral expenses contribute to the toll exacted by HIV/AIDS. It becomes increasingly impossible for families and communities to absorb the cost and support the large numbers of children alone. Some women hesitate to take in the orphaned children of their relatives because they fear that their husbands will abuse the children Investigation into the existing literature reveals that previous studies concentrated mostly on the educational, psychosocial and emotional needs of people with HIV/AIDS. Studies on child headed households’ deals primarily with children’s rights and the accessibility of social grants for children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Although not much was available statistically, for the purpose of this study I have identified several households headed by children, whether the cause of this was HIV/AIDS or misfortunes such as parental suicide or accidents. This study has focused on the experiences of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households. This study has also investigated whether HIV/AIDS orphans suffer more deeply psychologically and emotionally than children who have been orphaned by other circumstances other than AIDS. This study highlights the many difficulties and setbacks experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans who become heads of households after the death of their parents. An exploratory research design was utilised and qualitative approach was followed. Five households were chosen as samples that complied with requirements of this study. Participants in these households were between ages 13 and 18 years old. The information gathered by means of literature and empirical research reveals that the children affected by HIV/AIDS are not only physically impoverished, but also psychologically, socially and spiritually. They suffer from fear, depression, stress, anxiety, stigmatisation and discrimination, isolation, and are often scorned by peers. HIV/AIDS orphans experience psychological trauma on account of witnessing their parent’s illness and death (or departure), carrying the responsibility of caring for sick parents, and after their death, for siblings. The socio-economic circumstances of HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed household often force them to drop out of school, in order to find ways of providing for the family. The traumatic experience of HIV/AIDS orphans and children who have been orphaned to other circumstances, are similar. The following themes can be considered for future research:- Stress experienced by HIV/AIDS orphans in child headed households due to HIV/AIDS .
- The role of churches in identifying and supporting orphans in child headed households .
Dissertation (MTheol(Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
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Berg, Cornelis van den. "Compassion in the Asian context the establishment of a home for disabled orphans /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0402.
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Rieser, Anna, and Maria Nilsson. "Children of our time - How two nongovernmental organizations mobilize their work regarding orphaned HIV positive children." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1286.
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The purpose of this study is to compare how two non-governmental organizations (NGO‟ s) with different backgrounds and value systems can function when it comes to mobilization of work with orphaned HIV positive children The ambition with the study has been to find out whether the value bases reflect how the organizations view HIV/AIDS and work with children, and how they thereby mobilize the daily practical work with and around the children. This study is of descriptive characteristic with a qualitative approach in which six interviews has been carried out at two different organizations, and in which the format of the interview questions have been semi structured. The overall result of the study shows that the differences in backgrounds and value systems do not considerably affect the respective organizations‟ mobilization and work with HIV positive children. Also, the results show that there are certain common themes and strategies for the organizations‟ mobilization work. The difference that has been discerned is that the organization that is secular on paper criticizes the South African government more strongly than the organization with a pronounced Catholic value basis. With the help of the theory of social mobilization, we have shown how the organizations mobilize their work with HIV positive children. We show how the two organizations cooperate with various parties and engage in different networks with the aim of strengthening the children and their next of kin. An important aspect from the results is how two non-governmental organizations can contribute with valuable knowledge, and engage people in the work with e.g. preventing the spread on the devastating HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa.
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Kurfi, Mustapha Hashim. "Societal Responses to the State of Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Kano Metropolis- Nigeria." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276119050.
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Maama, Lineo Bernadette. "Factors affecting AIDS orphans' from accessing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1046.
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The study seeks to explore and identify factors that prevent AIDS orphans in presenting themselves for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Socio-cultural factors, notably, stigma and the resultant discrimination by community members, have been presented by many researchers as the main aetiological factors that hinder the use of VCT by AIDS orphans. It is on the basis of this that this study was conducted to identify factors that hinder AIDS orphans from accessing VCT. The study used a qualitative approach following an explorative and descriptive, contextual research design and was conducted at Ubuntu Education Fund, Port Elizabeth. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of AIDS orphans. Participants of the study had to be orphaned as a result of AIDS, isiXhosa-speaking, between 12-17 years, living in the care of a primary care-giver and had not presented themselves for VCT. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are suitable in cases where the researcher is interested in an issue that is complex or personal (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Deloport, 2005). Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (1990) as described in Creswell (2003). The major findings of this study were that people are locked in a ‘poverty-of-the mind cycle’, in respect of HIV and AIDS, and this is exacerbated by educational impoverishment and general poverty. The recommendations that emanated from this study are made from policy and service delivery perspectives. It is recommended that in order for AIDS orphans to access VCT they should be developed and empowered through sustainable programmes that enhance their capacities to the outmost realization of their potential. It is also recommended that health and other professionals should encourage AIDS orphans and community members to present themselves for VCT and thus curb the spread of HIV and AIDS.
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de, la Fe Loraine. "Empire's Children: Soviet Childhood in the Age of Revolution." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/812.
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Ideas of childhood and citizenship stood at the center of the Soviet Union’s empire-building project during the 1920s and 1930s. After the 1917 Revolution the Bolsheviks were faced with the challenge of establishing a new state structure and governing a vast territory inherited from its tsarist predecessor. In the early years of the Soviet project, new leaders enlisted a cadre of professionals tasked with not only creating the norms of childhood and the everyday, but also implementing policies to modernize habits and values of the empire’s younger citizens.
To understand how children became a prime focus of Soviet imperial and ethno-cultural politics, my dissertation employs discourse analysis and compares the ways in which Soviet imperial policies were implemented in two ethnically different regions: the Buddhist Republic of Kalmykia as the colonial case study and Moscow as the Metropole. The current project examines newspapers, treatises, and inspectors’ reports over the span of twenty years. It finds that the Bolsheviks’ initial values and discourses in the realm of children’s education, health, leisure and nutrition, all which were scientifically designed to transform children into ideal Soviet and modern citizens, changed over time as a result of the competing ideologies among local elites and the challenges they faced while intervening in children’s everyday lives.
The most significant conclusion in this dissertation reveals that, contrary to previous scholarly arguments, the modernization projects that took place in Moscow and Kalmykia were more similar in the challenges and outcomes that local officials faced when implementing state policies.
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Pote, Charity. "Exploring the experiences and challenges of food insecurity in child-headed households in Ingwavuma: A bio-ecological perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7053.
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Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS)Child-headed households (CHHs) are a recent development that has become progressively noticeable not only in South Africa but also internationally. This phenomenon arose as a result of the death of parents or abandonment of children by their primary caregivers. The Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has taken away the lives particularly of many adults, leaving children orphaned and having to take on the adults’ responsibilities. In the past, relatives or the extended family would take the responsibility of caring and providing for orphaned children but, with current economic hardships, most families are unable to take the extra responsibility. As a result, older siblings become caregivers to their younger siblings. Unfortunately, when parents die, children often lose access to adequate food, social grants, education and health services. Despite the fact that it is the right of all South Africans, including children, to have access to sufficient food, many households, including CHHs, are living in poverty. As a result, they are vulnerable to food insecurity, leading to developmental, social and emotional challenges. The aim of the present study was to explore and describe the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of CHHs with food insecurity in Ingwavuma, from a bio-ecological perspective. Ingwavuma is a small rural town in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The study makes recommendations for social work projects, education and future research regarding CHHs’ experiences of food insecurity. This is a qualitative study that utilised an explorative-descriptive methodological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 children between the ages of 13 and 18 years old from CHHs in Ingwavuma. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants at their homes in the town.
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Athanasopoulos, Magdalene. ""I am the Mother and the Father" : the experiences of orphaned children caring for children in Uganda." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6663.
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In Uganda, incidences of disease and social unrest resulting in parental deaths have created a large orphan population throughout the country. This study explored the experiences of orphaned children who specifically take on the role of being both mother and father to their siblings. The researcher had discussions with 34 child-headed households throughout Uganda over the course of three months. The young people discussed their experiences of loss, reactions of self along with the reactions of the community, the vulnerabilities they face, coping with loss and daily stressors, acceptance of the role as a parent, and their hopes for the future. The findings suggest that young carers engage in behavioural and environmental adaptations in order to forget, but when the methods of coping with the stressors affecting their daily lives failed, they were thrust into a grief response. Consequently they look to education to change their lives and release them from this cycle. Support should be strengths-focussed, community-based, trustworthy, dependable and accessible; while recognizing the trade-offs and choices the young carers are required to make on a daily basis. Further research is needed to look at the effects of education on creating a life change for this population of children, how forgetting helps them to move on with their lives and what effect that has on their future, and what formal support networks could help these children achieve their hopes for the future.
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Francis-Chizororo, Monica. "The formation, constitution and social dynamics of orphaned child headed households in rural Zimbabwe in the era of HIV/AIDS pandemic." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/454.
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Yassin, Zeenat. "A systematic review : the impact of stigmatisation on HIV/AIDS orphans psychological health." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5006.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Since the inception of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, millions of individuals of all ages have been affected. To date, more than 15 million people have died from HIV/AIDS, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of orphans worldwide. AIDS orphans are not spared from the catastrophic outcomes of the virus but rather are critically affected by the presence of familial HIV/AIDS. They have come to be seen as a vulnerable population of the youth who are neglected and ineffectively educated and cared for. Numerous risk factors and outcomes have been identified for AIDS orphans, such as parental bereavement, poverty, financial strain, the loss of educational opportunities, and stigmatisation. Although these risk factors and outcomes may be present among all orphaned youth, AIDS orphans display higher levels of psychological difficulties and distress than youth orphaned by other causes. Scholars have begun to investigate the association of AIDS orphans with a highly stigmatised disease in the hope of uncovering possible explanations. This research has become a challenging task as there is insufficient filtered information examining the effects of HIV-related stigma on the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans. With limited knowledge, it is impossible to accurately illustrate or address the risk that HIV-related stigma poses to the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans. The present study aimed to examine and report on the effects of HIV-related stigma on the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans who have lost one or both of their parents to HIV/AIDS. The study employed a systematic review methodology which identified and critically evaluated relevant literature for inclusion and provided a descriptive meta-synthesis of findings. The review considered studies reporting on the effects of HIV-related stigma on the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans that were published during the period 2004–2015. The review was conducted in four systematic steps. Firstly, potential titles were identified using predetermined sets of keywords in databases available at the University of the Western Cape. Secondly, the abstracts of potential titles were screened for relevance to the study and were promoted to the next level of review. Thirdly, the full text of the studies of all eligible abstracts were retrieved and evaluated for methodological quality using a critical appraisal tool. Eligibility for inclusion was determined by a predetermined threshold score of 80%. Lastly, studies included in the present study were subjected to a process of data extraction. Subsequently, the title search yielded 5473 prospective titles of which 96 titles were identified for possible inclusion. Abstract screening excluded 59 titles, and the differences of 37 studies were included. Critical appraisal of potential studies excluded 28 studies, and the remaining 9 studies were deemed eligible for the purpose of the present study, achieving the threshold score of 80% and above and have been included in the review. The theory explication meta-synthesis and line of argument forming the discussion of findings revealed that AIDS orphans are critically affected by various measures of HIV-related stigma. The central feature extracted from the included studies was the increase of psychological distress and poor psychological functioning of AIDS orphans resulting from HIV- related stigma. Stigma acted to perpetuate poverty, the loss of educational opportunities and the process of bereavement, while leading to an increase in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, conduct disorder, adjustment disorder and delinquency among AIDS orphans. In conclusion, AIDS orphans experienced all measures of HIV-related stigma resulting in an increase of psychological distress accompanied by lower levels of poor-psychological functioning.
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Nkomo, Nkululeko. "The experience of children carrying responsibility for child-headed households as a result of parental death due to HIV/AIDS." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11162007-121326.
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Murtaugh, Molly E. "Children in Jeopardy: An Evaluation of Interventions for Orphans of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/55.
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Sub-Saharan Africa is a region plagued by the spread of HIV/AIDS. While many individuals have devoted their careers to preventing new diagnoses of the disease, one crucial population is often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the degree to which the psychological needs of those orphaned by HIV/AIDS are addressed in three prominent interventions. After evaluating institutionalization, foster care, and community-based care in Sub-Saharan Africa, a model for effective intervention is proposed.
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Doku, Paul Narh. "The mental health of orphans and vulnerable children within the context of HIV/AIDS in Ghana." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3629/.
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Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has contributed to a drastic increase in the number of orphans and vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the mental health of these children in low prevalence areas such as Ghana. The thesis investigated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. It further examined the mediating effects of identified risk and protective factors on the relationship between orphanhood/parental HIV/AIDS status and psychological difficulties. Finally, the thesis identified pathways through which HIV/AIDS impacts children by exploring the interactive and cumulative effects of the various risk and protective factors on psychological difficulties. Method: The thesis employed cross-sectional, quantitative interviews that involved 291 children aged 10-18 years and their caregivers that compared children who have lost their parents to AIDS, those who have lost their parents to other causes, those who are living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children from intact families in the Manya Krobo district in Ghana. ANOVAs, T-tests, General Linear Models, Log-linear Analyses, Chi-Squares and Bivariate Correlations were used to analyze the data that were obtained from both the children and their caregivers. Results After controlling for relevant socio-demographic factors, both children and informants’ reports showed that children orphaned by AIDS and those living with infected parents showed higher delinquency (p <.01), peer problems (p <.001), hyperactivity (p <.01) and lower self esteem (p <.001) than other orphans and children from intact families. AIDS orphans, other orphans and those living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents all reported significantly more depression (p <.001) and relationship problems (p <.001) than those for intact families. Conduct problems as indicated by informants’ reports were generally, significantly higher for orphans and vulnerable children compared to children from intact families. Over 70% of both AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents showed internalising symptoms that were above clinical cut-offs for abnormality. AIDS orphans and children living with infected parents reported more stigma, abuse, child labour and lower levels of SES and lower perceived social support. These factors independently, strongly mediated the relationship between orphanhood, parental HIV/AIDS status and mental health. The interactive and cumulative effect of engagement in child labour and being physically abused heightened the risks for depressive symptoms from 38% to 66%. Neglect and psychological abuse increased the risks for symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder from 26.6% to 67.3%. The cumulative effect of stigma and either child labour or physical abuse substantially increased the likelihood of delinquency symptoms to approximately 67%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both AIDS orphans and children living with HIV/AIDS-infected parents showed heightened psychosocial symptoms. The present evidence also highlighted the interactive, cumulative, co-occurrence of contextual factors and HIV/AIDS unique exposures to create heightened vulnerabilities for psychological difficulties among children. The findings call for a comprehensive intervention programme that addresses factors specific to HIV/AIDS and contextual variables.
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Makhonza, Lindokuhle Octavia. "Resilience among orphans and vulnerable children in KwaZulu- Natal schools: towards a psychosocial model of intervention." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://uzspace.unizulu.ac.za:8080/xmlui/handle/10530/1634.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at the University of Zululand, 2018This study investigated the resilience among Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in KwaZulu-Natal schools. It identified OVC challenges and developed a psychosocial model of intervention. The Social Ecological Model was adopted as a framework for the study. The study adopted the mixed method research design. The population for the study was the OVC, caregivers and teachers from Kwazulu-Natal schools, specifically Amajuba and Zululand Districts. Random selection was done for OVC from mainstream schools. Purposive sampling method was used to select OVC from special schools, schools near the orphanage, home of safety and a Full Service school. The sample which participated during quantitative data collection consisted of 303 OVC from 12 to 20 years old who were selected from 7 school in Amajuba and Zululand Districts.The sample which participated in qualitative data collection consisted of 4 focus groups and those were 6 caregivers, 6 teachers and 12 OVC. OVC were selected from 303 OVC who filled the questionnaires and CYRM-28. This made a total of 24 participants for focus groups. The total of participants for the whole study was 315. Three instruments were used to collect data for this study, namely; the Child and Youth Resilience Scale-28 (CYRM-28), the self-constructed psychosocial questionnaire and the interview schedule. The CYRM-28 was used to measure the extent of OVC resilience with the self-constructed questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Frequencies were created for descriptive data and the Chi-Square statistical technique was used to test the null hypothesis. Then the thematic content analysis was used to identify themes from the focus group interviews. The results of descriptive statistics indicated that 79% of all participants reported high availability of resources that enabled resilience. Fewer resources were reported for children who had experienced abuse, followed by those with disabilities and more resources were reported for orphans. The main challenges of OVC identified were lack of support from teachers and neighbours/ communities. Other challenges included maltreatment by caregiver, OVC behavioural problems, unavailability of documents for social grant applications. Child Headed Household was identified as lacking all resources. The findings of inferential statistics indicated that there is a significant relationship between the age, gender and custody of OVC and their availability of resources. OVC and caregivers encountered various problems which were risk factors for the resilience of OVC. Availability of resources to a majority of OVC who participated in the study was a protective factor. Participants recommended that more resources which promote resilience of OVC be made available to communities, for examples, old age homes, and entrepreneurship skills, continuous counselling services for caregivers and OVC and recreational facilities for communities. Lastly, the psychosocial model of intervention was developed based on the literature and findings of the study.
Natonal Research Foundation National Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS)
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Casebolt, Megan Tara. "The Vatsalya Udayan: A system of care for Indian orphans." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1306372717.
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Bisimba, Helen K. "Vulnerable within the vulnerable : protection of orphaned children heading households in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/46783/.
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The adoption and ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1989 came as a promise to the improvement of children’s well-being and status throughout the globe. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the African Child (ACRWC) sparked more hope for the African Child. A number of initiatives by governments and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have been undertaken to enforce the rights of the child; yet children continue to suffer from various injustices. In Tanzania orphaned children heading households (OCHH) suffer even more as they struggle between adult and children roles. This thesis reveals a disconnection between the perspectives of the OCHH and those of the different governance institutions supposed to protect the children at the local, national and global levels. In a socio-legal study this thesis uses ethnographic techniques to focus on the OCHH themselves and their perspectives. It explores their understandings and the role played by the multitude of governance institutions around them, which do not seem to address the injustices facing them. The thesis uses governance, law and ethic of care approaches to analyse the children’s position. It argues that although OCHH suffer, they are not ‘suffering bodies’ instead they are ‘political persons’ claiming their agency.
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Rashe, Sivenkosi. "An evaluation of care and support centres for HIV/AIDS orphans in Khayelitsha." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1665.
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Thesis (MTech(Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006One of the challenges facing the South African community is the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The epidemic not only disrupts the economy but one of its emerging impacts is through the children who are left orphaned. The challenge has come at a time when economic circumstances are making it difficult for extended families to lend a helping hand to children who are orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDS. The children left behind are usually left on their own or are absorbed through care and support centres which are being becoming popular. The challenge of these care and support centres has come at a time when an increase in abuse by the personnel of care and support centres has emerged internationally. Communities can no longer turn a blind eye to the atrocities that are being experienced by the children within these centres. This challenge is double edged as communities feel isolated by the care and support centres which are based within their communities. The challenge is how communities can breach the gap between children within care and support centres and children who are left on their own. The care and support centres available for HIV/AIDS orphans in Khayelitsha are predominantly run by foreign donors, which limit community participation. This has led to the isolation of community members and care and support centre staff and the core problem of this study will address the evaluation of the care and support centres. Questions such as what happens to children's properties after their parents' death, and do they belong in care and support centres or within their communities arise. These are the areas which will be scrutinized in the study. Areas in which this thesis will attempt to provide insights and make concrete recommendations. Simultaneously with the extensive exploration of care and support centres available for HIV/AIDS orphans theories include the : • Available care and support centres • Community participation within care and support centres • The concept of "ubuntu' in relation to family existence It is hoped that the focus on the care and support centres available for HIV/AIDS orphans will make some contribution to effective care and support centres in this areas, thereby increasing community participation which in turn will revive the concept of ubuntu within communities. Finally, recommendations such as the direct involvement of community members is required to attain which services the care and support centres can offer to the community and how the community play an active role within care and support centres will be offered in this thesis, as informed by the survey results, to effectively manage care and support centres for HIV/AIDS orphans in Khayelitsha.