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Journal articles on the topic 'Parental reflective functioning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Slade, Arietta. "Parental reflective functioning: An introduction." Attachment & Human Development 7, no. 3 (2005): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616730500245906.

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Enav, Yael, Dana Erhard-Weiss, Amit Goldenberg, Marguerite Knudston, Antonio Y. Hardan, and James J. Gross. "Contextual determinants of parental reflective functioning: Children with autism versus their typically developing siblings." Autism 24, no. 6 (2020): 1578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320908096.

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Parental reflective functioning is defined as holding in mind one’s child’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions and reflecting on how these mental states may be affecting the child’s behavior. Although parental reflective functioning is often treated as a stable feature of the parent, there is growing appreciation that it may be shaped by the context in which the parent is operating. In this study, we examined parental reflective functioning using the Parental Developmental Interview when parents were talking about their interactions with their child with autism versus the child’s typi

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Koycheva, Magdalina. "The Relationship Between Parental Reflective Function, Attachment and Development of Child Psychopathology." Педагогически форум 9, no. 1 (2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/pf.2021.002.

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This article presents a theoretical overview of the relationship between parental reflective function, attachment style and the development of child psychopathology. The concept of parental reflective function was developed by Peter Fonaghi and his colleagues. Reflexive functioning is defined as the ability to imagine our mental states, emotions and desires, as well as those of others. The ability to interpret and integrate past relational experience is seen as a high capacity for parental reflection. Central constructs in the theory of attachment are: the sensitive response of the mother, the

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Leire, Gordo, Martínez-Pampliega Ana, Iriarte Elejalde Leire, and Luyten Patrick. "Do Parental Reflective Functioning and Parental Competence Affect The Socioemotional Adjustment Of Children?" Journal of Child and Family Studies 29, no. 12 (2020): 3621–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01840-z.

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Parental reflective functioning refers to the parents’ ability to reflect on their children’s mental states, and is increasingly considered to be a key feature of competent parenting. However, to date, no study has empirically investigated this assumption. The main objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the mediating role of parental competence in the relationship between parental reflective functioning and children’s socioemotional adjustment. We also investigated whether these relationships were similar for mothers and fathers. The study was carried out

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Szabó, B., M. Miklósi, M. Boda, and J. Futó. "The adaptation of The parental reflective functioning questionnaire adolescent version to the Hungarian language and presentation of its psychometric characteristics." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S207—S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.543.

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Introduction Parental reflective function is the ability of a parent to attribute mental states to their child and to themselves. The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire is widely used for the measurement of this construct, the adolescent version of which can be used by parents of children aged 12-18. Objectives The aim of our research was to adapt the adolescent version of The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire to the Hungarian language. Methods In our study 240 mothers completed the adolescent version of The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ-A), and the

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Kamskaya, O. A., M. Odintsova, N. P. Radchikova, and E. V. Gurova. "The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire: Adaptation for the Russian-Speaking Sample." Современная зарубежная психология 12, no. 3 (2023): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2023120312.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Since parental reflective functioning is important for the upbringing and development of children, it attracts the attention of psychologists around the world and needs to be studied. To measure it, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) is worked out, which is adapted and widely used in different countries, its psychometric properties were tested and interesting results were obtained. However, this questionnaire has not been adapted in Russia yet. That is why this research is aimed at adapting PRFQ for Russian-speaking sample, to testing

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Park, MinKyoung, and Hyunjoo Song. "Influences of maternal reflective functioning on adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment: The mediating role of adolescent’s reflective functioning." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0312350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312350.

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This study examines the relationship between maternal reflective functioning and adolescents’ reflective functioning and psychosocial adjustment. In Study 1, The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Adolescents (PRFQ-A) and Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), multidimensional scales used to assess reflective functioning in parents and adolescents, respectively, were validated in groups of Korean adolescents and mothers. In the results, the three factors were extracted (non-mentalizing, certainty, interest/curiosity) that were similar to those from the original

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Luyten, Patrick, Liesbet Nijssens, Peter Fonagy, and Linda C. Mayes. "Parental Reflective Functioning: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications." Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 70, no. 1 (2017): 174–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2016.1277901.

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Schultheis, Alysse M., Linda C. Mayes, and Helena J. V. Rutherford. "Associations between Emotion Regulation and Parental Reflective Functioning." Journal of Child and Family Studies 28, no. 4 (2019): 1094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01326-z.

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Shin, Hyo-mi, Eun-su Lee, and Mee-sook Yoo. "A Preliminary Study on Developing the Items of the Toddler Parental Reflective Functioning." Korean Journal of Play Therapy 18, no. 4 (2015): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17641/kapt.18.4.5.

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Medrea, Flavia L., and Oana Benga. "Parental mentalization: A critical literature review of mind-mindedness, parental insightfulness and parental reflective functioning." Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An interdisciplinary journal 25, no. 1 (2021): 69–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2021.25.05.

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Parental mentalization captures the parent’s abilities to represent his/her child as a psychological agent and the parent’s proclivity to understand and interpret child’s behavior in terms of mental states. Under this label, the literature emphasizes three different constructs: mind-mindedness, parental reflective functioning and insightfulness. Presently, there is no integrative review addressing all three constructs comprehensively through a comparative analysis. Furthermore, there is some confusion as to where the concepts overlap and differ, how they are distinctively operationalized and w

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Szabó, B., M. Miklósi, and J. Futó. "The relationship between parental reflective functioning, attachment style, parental competence, and stress." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1781.

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Introduction Previous studies indicated, that mentalization mediates the link between adult attachment and stress, however, this relationship was not tested before among non-clinical parents of children aged between 12 and 18 years. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental reflective functioning, attachment style, perceived parental sense of competence, and stress among parents. Methods After providing written consent, 186 non-clinical mothers completed a questionnaire packet that included a demographic form, The Parental Reflective Functioning Question

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Håkansson, Ulrika, Kerstin Söderström, Reidulf Watten, Finn Skårderud, and Merete Glenne Øie. "Parental reflective functioning and executive functioning in mothers with substance use disorder." Attachment & Human Development 20, no. 2 (2017): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2017.1398764.

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Luyten, Patrick, Linda C. Mayes, Liesbet Nijssens, and Peter Fonagy. "The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (2017): e0176218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176218.

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Claydon, Elizabeth, Stephanie Zerwas, Laura Callinan, and Megan V. Smith. "Parental reflective functioning among mothers with eating disorder symptomatology." Eating Behaviors 23 (December 2016): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.09.002.

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Naiara, Álvarez, Herrero Lázaro Marta, Gordo Leire, Iriarte Elejalde Leire, and Martínez Pampliega Ana. "Maternal mentalization and child emotion regulation: A comparison of different phases of early childhood." Infant Behavior and Development 66 (December 11, 2021): 101681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101681.

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 Parental reflective functioning refers to the parents’ ability to reflect on the internal mental states of their children, which will make them respond more sensitively to their children´s need. The relation between parental reflective functioning and child emotion regulation has been considered a key factor in early childhood parenting but further research is needed about this relationship throughout child’s development. The aim of this paper was to analyze this interaction considering the early childhood development stages. Three hundred and eighty one mothers of babi

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Nijssens, Liesbet, Dries Bleys, Sara Casalin, Nicole Vliegen, and Patrick Luyten. "Parental Attachment Dimensions and Parenting Stress: The Mediating Role of Parental Reflective Functioning." Journal of Child and Family Studies 27, no. 6 (2018): 2025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1029-0.

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Gordo, Leire, Ana Martínez-Pampliega, Leire Iriarte Elejalde, and Patrick Luyten. "Do Parental Reflective Functioning and Parental Competence Affect The Socioemotional Adjustment Of Children?" Journal of Child and Family Studies 29, no. 12 (2020): 3621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01840-z.

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Kamza, Anna, Patrick Luyten, and Konrad Piotrowski. "Psychometric evaluation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Polish mothers." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0299427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299427.

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Parental reflective functioning (PRF) refers to a parent’s capacity to reflect on and understand the inner mental states of their child, their own mental states with regard to their child, and how these mental states may influence their behavior and interactions. This capacity has been shown to foster secure attachment in children and their socio-emotional development. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Polish translation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), a brief screening measure of PRF, in a large community sample of Polish mothers of chi

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Wildner, Andreas S., Su Mevsim Küçükakyüz, Anton K. G. Marx, et al. "Parental considerations about their childs’ mental health: Validating the German adaptation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0314074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314074.

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Introduction Parental Reflective Functioning describes the parents’ ability to view their child as motivated by mental states. The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) represents an 18-item and three-factor self-report measure. Our goal was to conduct the first German validation study. Method In a community sample of 378 mothers of children aged 10.2–78.6 months, we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a cross-validation approach to assess model fit. Reliability was measured using Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω. Concurrent validity was assessed using correlations with relevant

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Leire, Gordo, Iriarte Elejalde Leire, and Martínez-Pampliega Ana. "Versión Española del Cuestionario de Función Reflexiva Parental (CFRP-18)." Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica 55, no. 2 (2020): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP54.1.01.

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To date, no self-report tool is available for assessing parental reflective functioning ability in Spanish.Therefore, the first aim of this study is to analyse the factor structure and the psychometric properties of theParental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) in Spanish-speaking fathers (n=113) and mothers(n=433) of babies aged 0 to 3 years old. The average age of fathers was 37.85 (SD=3.96), and 36.15 years(SD=4.19) for mothers. In addition, the relationship of the dimensions of CFRP-18 with socio-demographicfeatures of mothers and fathers is analyzed. Secondly, we investigate the

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Smith-Nielsen, Johanne, Anne Christine Stuart, Katrine Isabella Wendelboe, Ida Egmose, Camilla Overbye Roos, and Mette Skovgaard Væver. "The significance of parental mentalizing for four-year-old children’s solitary pretend play." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0297671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297671.

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Background Pretend play is a signature behavior of early childhood and is considered to reflect the child’s emerging symbolic function, enabling the interpretation of social signals, language development, and emotion understanding. While theory links parental mentalizing with children’s pretend play, only a few studies have investigated this association. These studies are limited to infancy and early toddlerhood, and child pretend play is assessed during play with an adult (social play). Based on the assumption that child solitary pretend play reflects the child’s ‘baseline’ pretend play abili

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Charpentier Mora, Simone, Chiara Bastianoni, Nina Koren-Karie, Donatella Cavanna, Marta Tironi, and Fabiola Bizzi. "Parental Mentalizing during Middle Childhood: How Is the Adoption of a Reflective Stance Associated with Child’s Psychological Outcomes?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (2022): 6205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106205.

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This exploratory cross-sectional study attempts to understand the mechanisms underlying the role of parental mentalizing in a child’s psychological functioning during middle childhood by using Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) and Parental Insightfulness (PI) constructs. The main aims are to examine the role of PI and PRF as processes capable of influencing a child’s psychological functioning in terms of emotional–behavioral difficulties and social–emotional competencies. Eighty-six community parents (48 mothers, 38 fathers) and their 50 children in middle childhood (Mage = 10.10, SD = 1.1

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Pazzagli, Chiara, Alessandro Germani, Livia Buratta, Patrick Luyten, and Claudia Mazzeschi. "Childhood obesity and parental reflective functioning: Is there a relation?" International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 19, no. 3 (2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.06.002.

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León, María José, and Marcia Olhaberry. "Triadic interactions, parental reflective functioning, and early social‐emotional difficulties." Infant Mental Health Journal 41, no. 4 (2020): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21844.

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Borelli, Jessica L., Arietta Slade, Corey Pettit, and Dana Shai. "I “get” you, babe: Reflective functioning in partners transitioning to parenthood." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 6 (2020): 1785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520905641.

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Reflective functioning (RF) is a construct that has gained tremendous traction in the developmental psychology literature, demonstrating robust associations with parent–child attachment and interactional quality. Although theorists argue that RF should have meaningful links with relationship quality across the life span, to date this construct has not been applied to the study of adult romantic partnerships. The goal of the present investigation is to introduce the construct of Partner RF, the capacity to reflect on the thoughts and feelings of one’s partner and to consider their roles in guid

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Hancheva, Camellia, та Vesela Aravena. "Психообразователни програми за повишаване на родителския капацитет за рефлексия и саморефлексия – систематичен обзор". Pedagogika-Pedagogy 96, № 4 (2024): 488–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/ped2024-4.04.

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Psychoeducational programs to enhance reflective parental capacity are among the main prevention and intervention strategies for parents of children with behavioural and emotional problems. The objectives of the present systematic literature review are: 1) to identify evidence-based psychoeducational programs for parents of children over three years of age that aim to increase parental capacity for reflection and self-reflection; 2) to describe the characteristics and outcomes of these programs on parameters of parental functioning, parent-child relationships, and children's behaviours. This s

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Ordway, Monica R., Lois S. Sadler, Jane Dixon, and Arietta Slade. "Parental reflective functioning: analysis and promotion of the concept for paediatric nursing." Journal of Clinical Nursing 23, no. 23-24 (2014): 3490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12600.

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Krink, Stephanie, Christine Muehlhan, Patrick Luyten, Georg Romer, and Brigitte Ramsauer. "Parental Reflective Functioning Affects Sensitivity to Distress in Mothers with Postpartum Depression." Journal of Child and Family Studies 27, no. 5 (2018): 1671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-1000-5.

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Nijssens, Liesbet, Nicole Vliegen, and Patrick Luyten. "The Mediating Role of Parental Reflective Functioning in Child Social–emotional Development." Journal of Child and Family Studies 29, no. 8 (2020): 2342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01767-5.

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Rutherford, Helena J. V., Angela N. Maupin, Nicole Landi, Marc N. Potenza, and Linda C. Mayes. "Parental reflective functioning and the neural correlates of processing infant affective cues." Social Neuroscience 12, no. 5 (2016): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1193559.

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Rutherford, Helena J. V., Cortney R. Booth, Patrick Luyten, David J. Bridgett, and Linda C. Mayes. "Investigating the association between parental reflective functioning and distress tolerance in motherhood." Infant Behavior and Development 40 (August 2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.04.005.

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Szabó, Brigitta, Mónika Miklósi, and Judit Futó. "What makes mothers feel competent? The relationship between parental reflective functioning, attachment style, parental competence, and stress." Psihologija, no. 00 (2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi230320008s.

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Adolescence is a time of changes; nevertheless, the mental health of adolescents' parents receives little attention. This study aimed to explore the relationship between parental mentalizing, attachment style, parental sense of competence, and stress among parents of adolescents. One hundred eighty-six mothers completed validated questionnaires measuring these constructs. We conducted a moderated mediation analysis with maternal attachment style as the independent variable. The dimensions of parental sense of competence, efficacy and satisfaction were chosen as the dependent variables, and str

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Erkoreka, L., Z. Alonso, and L. Pérez Cabeza. "Changes in Parental Reflective Functioning before and after a postpartum depression group therapy." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.313.

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IntroductionParental Reflective Functioning (PRF) refers to parents’ ability to view their children’s and their own behavior by considering internal mental states, such as thoughts, desires, and intentions. Depression has been described as compromising reflective functioning in female samples, whereas other studies have not detected differences in RF between depressed and non-depressed mothers.ObjectivesWe aim to study whether a group intervention focused on postpartum depression, which we have already observed to cause significant changes in the mother-child bond and the severity of depressiv

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Hunyadi, K., M. Miklósi, and B. Szabó. "The relationship between parental reflective function, cognitive emotion regulation and parental perception of the infant." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.447.

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IntroductionThe literature indicates that parental reflective functioning (PRF) is crucial to a good parent-child relationship. Furthermore, genuine parental mentalizing also promotes adaptive emotion regulation in attachment relationships. However, no prior study assessed the relationship between parental mentalizing, emotion regulation and object relation in the early years.ObjectivesWe examined the relationship between PRF, cognitive emotion regulation and perception of the infant among parents of children up to five years old.MethodsIn our cross-sectional, non-clinical study, 136 parents c

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Pazzagli, Chiara, Elisa Delvecchio, Veronica Raspa, Claudia Mazzeschi, and Patrick Luyten. "The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Mothers and Fathers of School-Aged Children." Journal of Child and Family Studies 27, no. 1 (2017): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0856-8.

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Erkoreka, L., and G. Urrutia. "Insecure adult attachment styles are associated with parental reflective functioning pre-mentalizing modes." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.477.

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IntroductionParental Reflective Functioning (PRF) refers to parents’ capacity to view their child’s and their own behavior considering inner mental states, like thoughts, desires, and intentions. It has been related to attachment, mentalizing capacities, and psychopathology in children. An association between adult attachment style and reflective functioning has been described. Studies have also suggested that parental insecure attachment is related to lower levels of PRF.ObjectivesWe aim to study the association between specific adult attachment styles (anxious [Anx] and/or avoidant [Av]) and

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Håkansson, Ulrika, Reidulf G. Watten, Kerstin Söderström, and Merete Glenne Øie. "The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder." Stress and Health 35, no. 4 (2019): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2868.

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Staines, J., K. Golding, and J. Selwyn. "Nurturing attachments parenting program: The relationship between adopters’ parental reflective functioning and perception of their children’s difficulties." Developmental Child Welfare 1, no. 2 (2019): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103219829861.

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This article draws on an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nurturing Attachments group work program provided by AdoptionPlus for adoptive families in England. Twenty-nine adoptive families participated in a longitudinal quantitative study, completing questionnaires and validated measures before and after group attendance. The Nurturing Attachments program, informed by Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, was developed to help foster and adoptive parents strengthen their relationships with the child and support children who had experienced developmental traumas. Most parents were caring for

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Fostini, Aikaterini, Foivos Zaravinos-Tsakos, Gerasimos Kolaitis, and Georgios Giannakopoulos. "Parents’ Reflective Functioning, Emotion Regulation, and Health: Associations with Children’s Functional Somatic Symptoms." Psychology International 7, no. 2 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint7020031.

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Functional somatic symptoms (FSSs) in children—such as headaches, stomachaches, and muscle pain without clear medical explanations—pose a significant clinical challenge, often leading to repeated healthcare visits and impairments in daily functioning. While the role of parental psychological factors in shaping children’s FSSs has been suggested, empirical evidence remains limited and fragmented. This study addresses this gap by systematically examining the associations between parents’ reflective functioning, emotion regulation, alexithymia, and physical and mental health, and the frequency an

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Fergus, Sade-Louise, and Helen Eracleous. "Service evaluation of reflective parenting groups: What are parents’ perspectives on the usefulness of RP groups in improving parental mentalisation and reflective functioning?" Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 373 (2024): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2024.1.373.50.

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Family safeguarding services bring together multi-agency professionals to support children and families. The recruitment of clinical psychologists has led to the further development of psychological interventions to support families. Reflective parenting groups are an evidence-based intervention offered in family safeguarding services which aim to enhance parents’ capacity to reflect on and mentalise their own and their child or children’s thoughts, feelings, behaviours and intentions and thus better equip them to develop positive parenting practices and relationships with their children. The

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De Palma, Mia, Rosanna Rooney, Elizabeth Izett, Vincent Mancini, and Robert Kane. "The relationship between parental mental health, reflective functioning coparenting and social emotional development in 0-3 year old children." Frontiers in Psychology 14 (May 30, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1054723.

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IntroductionThe transition to parenthood is a high-risk period for many parents and is an important period for child development. Research has identified that parental mental health, reflective functioning (capacity to consider mental states of oneself and others) and coparenting (capacity to work together well as a parenting team) may be particularly significant predictors of later child outcomes, however these factors have seldom been considered together. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between these factors and the extent to which they predict child social

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Reich, Ari, Hefziba Lifshitz, Shlomit Shnitzer-Meirovich, and Ayelet Gur. "Psychological Flexibility, Parental Reflective Functioning, Parental Efficacy and Coping in Parents of Children With Autism." Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, February 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/15407969251316501.

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Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stress, potentially affecting parenting and child outcomes. The roles of psychological flexibility and parental reflective functioning in coping strategies of parents of children with ASD are not fully understood. The study aims to examine differences in psychological flexibility, parental reflective functioning, parental self-efficacy, and coping strategies among parents of children with ASD and children with typical development (TD), while considering gender differences. In addition, it seeks to explore whether parental effic

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Huynh, Tuyen, Margaret L. Kerr, Christina N. Kim, Endang Fourianalistyawati, Vickie Ya-Rong Chang, and Larissa G. Duncan. "Parental Reflective Capacities: A Scoping Review of Mindful Parenting and Parental Reflective Functioning." Mindfulness, June 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02379-6.

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Abstract Objectives Two key parental reflective capacities—mindful parenting (MP) and parental reflective functioning (PRF) — have been shown to promote healthy parent-child relationships through parents’ increased sensitivity and responsiveness to their children’s needs in spite of parenting stressors. Despite the theoretical overlap between these two constructs, researchers have continued to examine them independently. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to review the overlapping and distinctive outcomes and correlates in the empirical MP and PRF literatures. Method A comprehen

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Firk, Christine. "Maternal Depression, Parental Reflective Functioning, and Emotional Responses to Infant Crying: A Cross‐Sectional Study." Mental Health Science 3, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/mhs2.70017.

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ABSTRACTMaternal depressive symptoms are highly prevalent postpartum and have been shown to negatively impact maternal caregiving. The emotional response to infant crying has been shown to predict individual differences in the quality of caregiving behavior. Parental reflective functioning, that is, the ability to understand and reflect on the infant's mental states, may aid in understanding infant distress signals and thereby also regulating negative emotions in response to infant crying. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to investigate differences in emotional responses to in

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Ensanimehr, Narges, Gholam Reza Dehshiri, and Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi. "Childhood Trauma and Parental Burnout: The Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Reflective Functioning." Psychological Reports, September 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941241282569.

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This study investigated the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and reflective functioning in the association between childhood trauma and parental burnout. The participants included 402 mothers with children ranging in age from 1 to 6 years. Mothers completed the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) the parental reflective functioning questionnaire (PRFQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and Hayes Macro in SPSS was also used to analyze the effects of mediating variables.

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Dawson, Nicola, Michelle Sleed, and Esther Chunga. "The freedom to mentalize: The influence of socio‐demographic indicators of empowerment on parental reflective functioning." Infant Mental Health Journal: Infancy and Early Childhood, May 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.70018.

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AbstractParental reflective functioning (PRF), a critical construct in the field of infant mental health, has been under investigated in non‐WEIRD countries, where the majority of the world's infants are born. Studies from WEIRD contexts have demonstrated a relationship between socio‐demographic and parental reflective functioning scores. This study used a mixed‐methods concurrent exploratory research design to investigate relationships between socio‐demographic factors and parental reflective functioning in a cohort of Black mothers living in Alexandra Township, South Africa. The study found

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Firk, Christine, and Nicola Großheinrich. "Infant carrying: Associations with parental reflective functioning, parental bonding and parental responses to infant crying." Infant Mental Health Journal, January 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.22106.

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AbstractInfant carrying may have beneficial effects on the parent‐infant relationship but only limited research has been conducted in this area. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to investigate whether infant carrying is associated with parental reflective functioning, parental bonding, and parental (emotional) and behavioral responses to infant crying, key elements within the parent‐infant relationship, promoting infant development. Parents reporting high levels (N = 389) of infant carrying (six times a week or daily) and parents reporting low levels (N = 128) of infant carryin

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Kungl, Melanie T., Sandra Gabler, Lars O. White, Gottfried Spangler, and Pascal Vrticka. "Precursors and Effects of Self-reported Parental Reflective Functioning: Links to Parental Attachment Representations and Behavioral Sensitivity." Child Psychiatry & Human Development, February 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01654-2.

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AbstractParental reflective functioning is thought to provide a missing link between caregivers’ own attachment histories and their ensuing parenting behaviors. The current study sought to extend research on this association involving 115 parents, both mothers and fathers, of 5-to-6-year-old preschoolers using the German version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ). Our study was the first to combine Adult Attachment Interview classifications of parental attachment, behavioral observations of parental sensitivity and PRFQ ratings while drawing on a sizable father subsamp

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Jańczak, Monika Olga, Dominika Czarnecka, and Anna Kamza. "Child temperament and parental stress: The moderating role of maternal reflective functioning." Family Relations, March 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13165.

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AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of parental reflective functioning in moderating the effects of child temperament on parental stress among mothers of preschool children.BackgroundExtensive research has highlighted the detrimental impact of parental stress on parental well‐being and child development. However, gaps remain in understanding how various determinants contribute to parental stress.MethodA total of 185 mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and the Paren

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