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Journal articles on the topic 'Passenger car'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ma, Fei, Dan Guo, Kum Fai Yuen, et al. "The Influence of Continuous Improvement of Public Car-Sharing Platforms on Passenger Loyalty: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (2020): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082756.

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Public car-sharing is a growing business model that contributes to sustainable transportation and urban development. The continuous improvement of public car-sharing platform to garner passenger loyalty is vital for a car-sharing platform’s success. This study applied perceived value theory, trust theory, and transaction cost theory to construct a structural equation model in order to explain passenger loyalty. Data from 755 surveys were collected using stratified sampling in mainland China. The estimated results of the theoretical model show that the relationship between continuous improvemen

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2

Zozulia, Vitalii. "The spectrum of body injuries of the driver and passenger in the case of a lethal traffic injury in a frontal collision in the interior of class E cars." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2021.7.

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The article discusses the state of examination of a lethal automobile injury to a driver and a passenger in a frontal collision in the passenger compartment of class E cars. Aim of the work. Investigate the injuries of the driver and passenger in the passenger compartment of an E class car and highlight the signs of being in the passenger compartment in the driver’s or passenger’s seat for practical use in forensic medical research. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 179 «Acts of forensic medical examination of corpses» and «Conclusions of an expert» on road accid

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Pan, Hanchuan, Zhigang Liu, and Hua Hu. "An Enhanced Dynamic User Optimal Passenger Flow Assignment Model for Metro Networks." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4035068.

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By considering the difference between a car driver’s route choice behavior on the road and a passenger’s route choice behavior in urban rail transit (URT), this paper proposes an enhanced Dynamic User Optimal (DUO) passenger flow assignment model for metro networks. To capture realistic URT phenomena, the model has integrated the train operation disturbance constraint. Real passenger and train data are used to verify the proposed model and algorithm. The results indicate that the DUO-based model is more suitable for describing passenger route choice behavior under uncertain conditions compared

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Herrera, I., H. Su, and Stefan Kaczmarczyk. "Investigation into the Damping and Stiffness Characteristics of an Elevator Car System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.77.

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Modelling the dynamic performance of an elevator car system represents a complex task and forms an important step in the elevator system design procedure. The need to consider the behaviour of passengers travelling in the car complicates the procedure further. This paper presents an original approach to identify the stiffness and damping characteristics of an elevator car system. A simplified model is developed and the experimental rig with a rectangular elevator platform fixed on the top of four silent blocks attached to a shaker is setup. The transmissibility measurements are carried out wit

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Bondarenko, Olga Igorevna, Dmitriy Yakovlevich Antipin, and Sergey Gennadyevich Shorokhov. "Assessment of passenger injuries level in emergency situations at interaction with baggage." Transport of the Urals, no. 1 (2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-1-30-34.

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The paper proposes a method that allows forecasting a level of passenger injuries at interaction with baggage in emergency situations. The authors have created computer models of emergency situations that are caused by a collision of passenger rolling stock with an obstacle on a track in the form of a motorcar and a freight car, and by swinging of a car on a side wall. The model of the investigated car is supplemented by elements of passenger car interior, models of anthropometric dummies and baggage. The anthropometric dummies are located on passenger seats, the baggage is presented by rigid

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Ju, Yeong Jo, Jeong Ran Lim, and Euy Sik Jeon. "Prediction of AI-Based Personal Thermal Comfort in a Car Using Machine-Learning Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 3 (2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030340.

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Defining a passenger’s thermal comfort in a car cabin is difficult because of the narrow environment and various parameters. Although passenger comfort is predicted using a thermal-comfort scale in the overall cabin or a local area, the scale’s range of passenger comfort may differ owing to psychological factors and individual preferences. Among the many factors affecting such comfort levels, the temperature of the seat is one of the direct and significant environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the cabin environment and seat-related personal thermal comfort. Accordingly,

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Mykhalevych, Mykola, and Vladyslav Shapovalenko. "COMPARISON OF WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE PASSENGER CAR FLEET OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF A SIDE IMPACT." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 1, no. 282 (2025): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2025-1-282-23-28.

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Currently, there is no single classification of car classes in the world. The European car classification system has 12 classes, in the USA there are 7 classes, the European Committee for Independent Crash Testing EuroNCAP divides cars into 9 classes. In each classification there is a class of cars SUV (sport utility vehicle) – sports utility vehicles, which are in demand in the new car market. The Ukrainian market did not stay away from this trend. Currently, approximately 40% of the new car market sold in Ukraine is SUV class vehicles. Considering the mass and dimensions of these vehicles in

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Deraman, Farih Bin, Asrudin Bin Mat Ali, and Normi Bin Muhamad. "Innovation of air quality detector in passenger car using IoT." International Journal of Technology, Innovation and Humanities 1, no. 1 (2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/88801.

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The internet of things (IoT), is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction (Gismalla Abdullah, 2017). The internet of things helps people live and work smarter as well as gain complete control over their lives. A passenger car is a road motor vehicle, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine persons. The problems occur in passenger car when there is no device that

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SOFIAN, Andrei-Constantin, Bogdan Manolin JURCHIȘ, and Mădălin Florin POPA. "Rack and Pinion Steering System Design for a Passenger Car." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 4 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.4.14.

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The steering system plays a crucial role in the stability of the automobile, especially in the safety of the passengers and pedestrians. The aim of this work is to design a rack and pinion steering system that could equip a passenger car. In this process, many parameters are considered for the correct and effective directional response behavior of the vehicle. 2D models were sketched to validate the kinematic algorithm calculus used to optimize and refine the dimensions of the components of the steering system. After a satisfactory Ackermann percentage was achieved, steering system is designed

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Akbar, Faraz, and Zia Ur Rahman. "Weight reduction analysis of a four-door passenger car using computer-aided modelling and experimental investigation." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 2 (2024): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.3002.

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The door of a passenger car is one of the key components used for the safety of passengers from side collisions. Mostly car doors are made of Steel that increase the overall weight of the vehicle since steel is the primary metal used for the construction of door. The main objective of this research is to replace Steel material of a car door with low-cost automotive materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, and carbon fibre material to perform weight reduction analysis without compromising the strength and safety. A comprehensive theoretical study of the existing car door has been per

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Zhang, Bing Chen, Wei Min Guo, and Yan Qun Wang. "Research on Seat Design of Railway Passenger Car." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.260.

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Railway transportation hold a leading post in the long-distance passenger transport market. Passengers spend most of their time sitting, so seat affect passenger comfort most among interior facilities of coach. One of the major tasks of interior design is functionality and comfort of seat. Seat width, seat depth and seat height are basic functions factors of seat. The seat depth is major issue of functionality design of 25g car. The shape of cushion and backrest are main comfort factors of seat. The backrest angle is major issue of comfort design of 25g car now. The interior system design of r

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Chen, Lu, Lijun Xu, Qinghan Yang, and Xinke Pan. "Innovative Styling and Structural Design of New Duplex Wide-Body Passenger Aircraft Based on Mobile Edge Computing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4628643.

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The research is designed to explore wide-body aircraft that are more suitable in 2035-2040. The innovative design of the wide-body aircraft adopts the form of the main passenger compartment and wing separation, the passenger compartment in the form of a single engine car through the rail transit and transfer car travel together. The transfer car delivers the two engine cars in turn to the aircraft, which is tightly connected to the rail structure by mechanical claws. Engine cars can split up at the transfer station, thus assisting in the diversion of passengers. The interior of the engine car

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Bondarenko, Ol'ga. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF PASSENGER CARS IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY ROLLOVER ON THE RAILROAD TRACKS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 9 (2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-9-49-54.

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The purpose of the work is to assess the safety of passenger cars in case of an emergency rollover on the body of railroad tracks. The paper introduces a method for predicting injury of railway transport passengers as a result of swinging over the wagon on the body of railroad tracks. The method of research is mathematical modeling of scenarios of swinging over the wagon on a flat bottom or earth tramp of the railway track. A model of a passenger compartment has been developed, which is supplemented with models of a roomette, hand luggage and an anthropometric dummy. The originality of the wor

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BILIAIEV, Mykola, Oleksandr PSHINKO, Tetiana RUSAKOVA, Viktoriia BILIAIEVA, and Aleksander SŁADKOWSKI. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE AEROION MODE IN A CAR." Transport Problems 17, no. 2 (2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2022.17.2.02.

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In this study, a mathematical method is proposed for calculating the concentration field of air ions of different polarities and dust levels in the passenger compartment, taking into account the geometry of the passenger compartment and seats, shelves, and other internal elements of the passenger compartment. The method also takes into account changes in the rate of the air flow ventilation, the location and number of ionizers, and sources of positive ions and dust, taking into account their different intensities and locations. On the basis of a numerical model for this method, software has be

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Lee, Sungwon, Yeong Heok Lee, and Jee Hyung Park. "Estimating Price and Service Elasticity of Urban Transportation Demand with Stated Preference Technique: Case in Korea." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1839, no. 1 (2003): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1839-19.

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Price and service elasticities of passenger car travel are estimated using stated preference and sample enumeration methodology. Moreover, the effects of hypothetical travel demand management policies are analyzed by changes on modal share using the elasticity estimates. The elasticity of passenger car travel with fuel price is estimated to be within the range of −0.078 to −0.171. The parameter estimate of the fare variable is estimated to be statistically insignificant in every subgroup of car users. This finding suggests that fare policies are relatively ineffective for increasing transit mo

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Drebot, Kh V., and Yu S. Barash. "Scientific principles of determination of efficiency of running a separate passenger train." Science and Transport Progress, no. 40 (April 25, 2012): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2012/7168.

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Determination of economic efficiency of the management of separate passenger train depends on the correct calculation of sum of charges on carrying passengers by a concrete train. Material is given in relation to determination of charges on running a separate passenger train including the passenger, locomotive, motor-car and infrastructural components. It allows correctly setting profitability or unprofitableness of train and the same to promote profitability of passenger trains in distant traffic.

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Žukas, Julius. "Motor transport development in Klaipėda district in 1900-1939." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 24 (December 28, 2009): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2009.36821.

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The first car in Klaipėda District (Memelgebiet) appeared in 1900, while motor transport started to spread from the 3rd decade of the XX century. In the beginning of 1920, there were 49 cars registered in the district, in 1922, 108 cars registered, while by the end of 1928 - 307 cars registered. The most popular were passenger cars, whereas buses were the latest to appear and the least widespread. At the end of 1937, there were 390 passenger cars, 99 trucks, and 40 buses registered in the district. Most of the cars were registered in Klaipėda city. Compared to the Lithuanian Republic, the degr

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Wu, Bingheng, Lin Chen, and Xiayi Yuan. "Numerical simulation and optimization of the flow field in the passenger cabin of a vehicle." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 71 (November 28, 2023): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v71i.12370.

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The thermal comfort of the car passenger cabin directly affects the feelings of the driver and passengers. In the case of high ambient temperature in summer, air conditioning cooling is an important means to improve the thermal comfort of the passenger cabin. If the design of the air conditioning outlet is not reasonable, the thermal environment inside the car will not be improved, the passengers will feel uncomfortable and affect the safety of driving, and it will also cause the waste of energy. In this paper, we calculate the flow field distribution in the vehicle by numerical simulation met

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Koryagin, Mark E. "An Agent-Based Model for Optimization of Road Width and Public Transport Frequency." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 2 (2015): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i2.1559.

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An urban passenger transportation problem is studied. Municipal authorities and passengers are regarded as participants in the passenger transportation system. The municipal authorities have to optimise road width and public transport frequency. The road consists of a dedicated bus lane and lanes for passenger cars. The car travel time depends on the number of road lanes and passengers’ choice of travel mode. The passengers’ goal is to minimize total travel costs, including time value. The passengers try to find the optimal ratio between public transport and cars. The conflict between municipa

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SAITO, Kenji. "New passenger Car Tyre." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 91, no. 840 (1988): 1170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.91.840_1170.

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Tarasova, V. N., and S. V. Bespalko. "Passenger Cars of Pre-Revolutionary Russia." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 3 (2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-3-26.

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A retrospective review of the initial period of formation of the passenger car fleet on domestic railways shows the transformation of technical ideas, design features of railway vehicles, comfort conditions, travel convenience for passengers.

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Grossi, G., F. Arpino, G. Buonanno, et al. "A Eulerian-Lagrangian approach for the CFD analysis of airborne disease transmission in a car cabin." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2177, no. 1 (2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2177/1/012015.

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Abstract In indoor environments such as private cars, taxis and public transport, social distance cannot always be applied and virus concentrations can reach high levels. In this paper, a Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is adopted for the transient simulation of aerosol airborne dispersion in a passenger car cabin. The numerical tool, validated by PIV analysis, is applied to study three different scenarios during the respiratory activity. The car ventilation system and the position of the passengers affect the mass of inhaled aerosol and consequently the quality of the passenger compartment air.

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Tang, Ai Hua. "Ride Comfort Optimisation of Passenger Car Passive Suspension Systems Using ADAMS/ Insight." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.1142.

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The arising health problems of ride comfort of passenger cars point out that a lot of effort still has to be put into the design of passive suspension systems.The comfort problem originates from the vibrations transmitted to the driver and passengers caused by the unevenness of the road. This paper reports on an investigation to determine the spring and damper settings that will ensure optimal ride comfort of a passenger car at different speeds. D-optimal designs are developed via multibody dynamics software (ADAMS/Insight) with a model. Evaluation of the comfort improvement was done using an

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Hu, Yong Ju, and Xin Qiu. "Design on Passenger Ground Wheel-Rail Cable Car in Transport System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.813.

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Cable cars are usually used to transport passengers in difference elevation between one point to another point. Usually, cable cars are suspended on the cable and moves by the mobile cable. In this paper, a new type of ground wheel-rail cable car was designed and the performance of this mechanism was analyzed. The transport system of a passenger ground wheel-rail cable car sets wheel-rail devices and cable car wheels ride on the rail on the ground, which is driven by the mobile cable. This is a new type of passenger organizational form, and there are many advantages of this transportation syst

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Li, Hongwei, Yunyue Zhou, Sulan Li, and Hongwei Zhu. "Passenger car equivalents for urban roads using average time headway of car following conditions." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 12 (2019): 168781401989751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019897511.

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Passenger car equivalents are used to calculate capacity and evaluate service level of urban roads. This article uses the average time headway of different car following conditions to replace the total average time headway of road vehicles, and the proportion of large vehicles to improve the headway method. This article analyzes the influence of several factors such as the proportion of large vehicles, road attributes, and traffic flow on passenger car equivalents, and obtains the following conclusions: (1) the behavior of vehicles crossing the opposite lanes has an important influence on the

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Kryvda, Hryhorii, Pavlo Plevynskys, Larysa Larson, Borys Yavorskii, and Ruslan Kryvda. "NEW MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PASSENGER CAR DRIVER’ AND PASSENGERS’ BODILY INJURIES IN CASE OF MODERN SAFETY EQUIPMENT USE." Forensic-medical examination, no. 2 (December 29, 2024): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2024.7.

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The article examines the impact of modern automobile safety features on injuries sustained by drivers and passengers during traffic accidents. Cases of injuries were analyzed, and the nature of damages caused by traditional and modern safety systems was studied. It was found that modern safety features significantly reduce the risk of severe injuries, although they can themselves cause bodily harm. The study highlights the prospects for further research into the effects of advanced safety systems, such as active headrests and special pedal bracket mechanisms. The aim of the study is to increas

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Saurabh, Kumar, Kumar Rishu, and Singh Mehak. "Car Interior Atmosphere Safety Monitoring System." Journal of VLSI Design and its Advancement 8, no. 1 (2025): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970178.

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<em>The interior atmosphere of a car must always be cheap for passengers to survive. However, if a car's passenger experiences one of these situations, such as contamination, leaks, leaks in the cabin, or leaks in A/C subjects, for a long time, all the windows of the car are closed with the passengers and slowly paved. You will be on a path to an unpleasant situation, d. H. The danger is that passengers will survive and ultimately die. Around the world, this situation has won and remains prioritized. Therefore, this proposed embedded solution is an alarm system that monitors toxic gases in clo

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Martynov, I., A. Trufanova, and Y. Kalabukhin. "THE CONCEPT OF THE PASSENGER CAR LIFE CYCLE." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (2021): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-150-14.

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The article deals with the issues of a conceptual approach to determining the life cycle of a passenger car. The fleet of passenger car mainly consists of models developed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. They are obsolete both morally and physically. This necessitates the renewal of the passenger car fleet by purchasing cars of both domestic and foreign production. In modern conditions, the user of new technology is interested not only in the purchase price, but also in the after-sales costs. This is reflected in the life cycle cost. It i

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Stopka, Ondrej, Branislav Šarkan, Jan Vrabel, and Jacek Caban. "Investigation of fuel consumption of a passenger car depending on aerodynamic resistance and related aspects: a case study." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 81, no. 3 (2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol81.art9.

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The research study investigates fuel consumption of a passenger car depending on aerodynamic resistance and related aspects. Introduction and next chapter describe all the resistance kinds affecting a passenger car while in-motion. Subsequent part outlines particular aspects such as aerodynamic resistance, aerodynamic resistance coefficient, car velocity and air temperature in terms of their effect on fuel consumption of selected passenger car. The most important chapter compares fuel consumption while a passenger car is in-motion on an expressway with closed and open windows with fuel consump

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Evseev, Dmitriy, and Sergey Lagutin. "TECHNIQUE TO FIND OUT THE REMAINING SERVICE LIFE OF PASSENGER CAR BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA." Transport engineering 2024, no. 2 (2024): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2024-2-56-61.

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A technique to find out the remaining service life of a passenger car based on statistical data of failures of passenger car elements is considered and described. The regulatory service life of many passenger cars is coming to an end, therefore it becomes necessary to find out the actual remaining life of the passenger car before its decommissioning and disposal.

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Inoyatov, Kamoliddin, Bakhrom Abdullaev, and Khamza Rakhmatov. "Impact of solar radiation on the climate of a passenger car." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346007015.

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The volume of passenger traffic is constantly growing. Accordingly, the requirements for passenger transportation conditions are increasing - it is necessary to ensure improved comfort. Since the travel routes of passenger cars follow different climatic zones, comfort dictates the need to maintain a constant temperature in the car - 22-26˚C in summer, 20-24˚C in winter. The temperature regime in the car also depends on the materials used in car construction, namely: the heat transfer coefficient, the thermal properties of the car materials. In addition, window openings of passenger cars also p

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Al Sukkar, Ghazi, Lutfi Al-Sharif, Mahmoud Mansour, et al. "Reconciling the value of the elevator round trip time between calculation and simulation." SIMULATION 93, no. 8 (2017): 707–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717698014.

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This paper attempts to understand the reasons for the difference in the value of the round trip time between calculation and simulation. It is posited the main reason for the difference is the combination of two factors: the restricted car capacity and the randomness in the behavior of the elevator traffic system, thus leading to a reduced effective car loading (effectively based on a smaller number of passengers in the car). There are three sources of randomness in the behavior of the system: the randomness of the passenger destinations (thus making the value of the round trip time a random v

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Stadnicki, Jacek, and Ireneusz Wróbel. "Improvement of passenger car rear side door beam stiffness." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (2018): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.84.

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To protect passengers against consequences of side crash side door beams are assembled to doors of passenger cars. Their stiffness is examined during stand tests. The FE model to simulate such a test is described. After verification the model has been applied to improve of rear door side beam stiffness.

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Poliak, Miloš, Peter Medviď, and Peter Blaho. "Identifying the dwell time change within the operated vehicle view." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 82, no. 4 (2018): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol82.art8.

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In public transport, especially in bus services, the number of passengers decreases, largely because individual car transport are able to provide a higher quality passenger transport. Passengers choose the mode of transport based on the shortest travel time. This is why the share of individual car transport is growing, especially in suburban bus transport, but also in urban transport in smaller towns. Given that the travel time is more important for a traveler compared to the cost of transport, the aim of this contribution is to verify the hypothesis that shorter stopping times are needed for

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Asua, Estibaliz, Jon Gutiérrez-Zaballa, Oscar Mata-Carballeira, Jon Ander Ruiz, and Inés del Campo. "Analysis of the Motion Sickness and the Lack of Comfort in Car Passengers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083717.

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Advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) are primarily designed to increase driving safety and reduce traffic congestion without paying too much attention to passenger comfort or motion sickness. However, in view of autonomous cars, and taking into account that the lack of comfort and motion sickness increase in passengers, analysis from a comfort perspective is essential in the future car investigation. The aim of this work is to study in detail how passenger’s comfort evaluation parameters vary depending on the driving style, car or road. The database used has been developed by compiling t

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Zhang, Bing Chen, Wei Min Guo, and Yan Qun Wang. "Research on Harmony of Interior System of Railway Passenger Cars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1554.

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The development of interior design is an important aspect of improving the quality of railway transportation services. The interior design system of the railway passenger cars may do better in reflecting the interrelations among the passengers, the facilities and the environment of the compartments with the harmony idea to considerate relationship between the passengers, the facilities and the environment. In this way, we may have the optimized performance of the interior system and improve the interior system design of the railway passenger car effectively.

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Korshunov, Sergey, Aleksandr Smirnov, Nikita Bardov, Dmitry Semenov, and Aleksey Boldyrev. "EXPERIMENT-CALCULATED EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH OF A PASSENGER OBSERVATION CAR MODEL 61-941." Transport engineering 2023, no. 8 (2023): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2023-8-49-59.

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Experiment-calculated evaluation of the strength of the load-bearing body metal structure of a passenger observation car model 61-941 is done. The car is designed for tourist and sightseeing passenger trips. The project is created on the basis of a serial passenger car model 61-4179 as part of the capital repairs by Tambov Railway Car Repair Plant VRM. In accordance with the design andengineering specification, the body of the base car was significantly modernized, new planning solutions were applied for the internal equipment of the car, the frame of the car body was strengthened. Some theore

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Sukarno, R., A. Premono, Y. Gunawan, and A. Wiyono. "Experimental study of thermoelectric cooling system for a parked car with solar energy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2596, no. 1 (2023): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2596/1/012052.

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Abstract Vehicles parked under the direct sun cause an increase in the cabin temperature drastically. The extreme increase in vehicles cabin temperature will increase air conditioning (AC) energy and fuel consumption, can damage interior equipment, and increases the health risk to passengers in the car. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the thermoelectric as a cooling system for a parked car integrated with solar energy. The solar panel on the car roof generates electricity as a cooling system energy source. The cooling system consists of 4 thermoelectric coolers equipped with heats

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Arabadzhieva, Svilena. "Concerning the Behavior of Passengers when Choosing a Seat in a Compartment Passenger Railway Car." Innovative STEM Education 6, no. 1 (2024): 120–23. https://doi.org/10.55630/stem.2024.0613.

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This report presents the results of an empirical study of the behaviour of passengers when choosing a seat in a second class compartment passenger railway car. The most and least used seats are identified.

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Yang, Jianjun, Shanshan Xing, Yimeng Chen, Ruizhi Qiu, Chunrong Hua, and Dawei Dong. "An Evaluation Model for the Comfort of Vehicle Intelligent Cockpits Based on Passenger Experience." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116827.

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With the development of intelligence and network connectivity, the development of the automotive industry is also moving toward intelligent systems. For passengers, the utility of intelligence is to achieve more convenience and comfort. The intelligent cockpit is the place where passengers directly interact with the car, which directly affects the experience of passengers in the car. For the intelligent cockpits that have emerged in recent years, a reasonable and accurate comfort evaluation model is urgently needed. Therefore, in this article, from the passenger’s perspective, a subjective eva

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Ehrenberger, Simone, Isheeka Dasgupta, Mascha Brost, Laura Gebhardt, and Robert Seiffert. "Potentials of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection by Substituting Passenger Car Trips." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 10 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13100183.

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For the transformation of the mobility sector, small and light electric vehicles (LEV) show great promise, owing to their efficiency and low vehicle weight resulting in low energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions per driven kilometer. The presented study focuses on the theoretical potential of substitutability of passenger car trips in Germany by varied LEVs based on the “Mobilität in Deutschland 2017” (“Mobility in Germany 2017”) dataset, for the year 2030. A detailed approach for identifying substitutable car trips was developed, reflecting age, trip purpose, number of passenge

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Nikolic, Slobodan, Tatjana Atanasijevic, Vesna Popovic, and Dragan Babic. "Forensic expertise of the injury severity in fatally injured car-occupants." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 1-2 (2007): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0702074n.

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Introduction: There is no specific injury among fatally injured frontal car-occupants in frontal car collisions, used in forensic expertise. We tried to point out the usefulness of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) for the expertise in such cases. Objective Analyzing the severity of body region injuries and total injury severity of deceased car occupants, to point out their importance in forensic expertise. Method Retrospective autopsy study was performed. Autopsy records of all deceased car-occupants in frontal car collisions were analyzed in order to establis

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Shinkaruk, Andrey. "CORROSION EFFECT ON THE SUPPORTING MEMEBERS OF A PASSENGER CAR." Transport engineering 2022, no. 4 (2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2022-4-69-77.

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The study objective is to reduce the corrosive effect on the bearing frame of a passenger car. The problem to which the paper is devoted is to study corrosion processes arising in the supporting members of a passenger car and their reduction during the life cycle of the car. Research methods: statistical analysis, metallographic study, experimental staining of a passenger car. The novelty of the work: to improve the technology of staining and cleaning of supporting members, definition of corrosion wear processes of the passenger car bearing frame that arise during operation.&

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Pavlínek, Petr. "Transformation of the Central and East European Passenger Car Industry: Selective Peripheral Integration through Foreign Direct Investment." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 9 (2002): 1685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a34263.

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The Central and East European (CEE) passenger car industry underwent major transformations through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 1990s. The author demonstrates that the effects of FDI on the passenger car industry have been profound, but geographically uneven. To understand the different regional and local strategies of foreign car producers better, the author introduces a classification of FDI in the passenger car industry based on the degree of embeddedness in local economies and relationships to path dependency in the 1990s. The effects of FDI on selective peripheral integration of

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Mi, Chen, and Da Ming Han. "Performance Test Specification for Passenger Car in Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2272.

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The study of this article focus on the standards on the working limit of the passenger car. The standards for passenger cars at low temperature were studied and proposed by combination of the technical content in cold regions’ environments and the development trend in the domestic and international situation. The proposed standards can improve the service life of mechanical parts, reduce wear and failure of passenger cars and improve the passenger's power, economy and security. In the industry standardization and the objective requirements of relevant standards, this proposed standards are the

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Tyrell, David, and A. Benjamin Perlman. "Evaluation of Rail Passenger Equipment Crashworthiness Strategies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1825, no. 1 (2003): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1825-02.

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Comparisons are made of the effectiveness of competing crashworthiness strategies—crash energy management (CEM) and conventional passenger train design. CEM is a strategy for providing rail equipment crashworthiness that uses crush zones at the ends of cars. These zones are designed to collapse in a controlled way during a collision, distributing the crush among the train cars. This technique preserves the occupied spaces in the train and limits the decelerations of the occupant volumes. Two scenarios are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the crashworthiness strategies—( a) a train-to-trai

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Bansal, Ram, and R. B. Sharma. "Drag Reduction of Passenger Car Using Add-On Devices." Journal of Aerodynamics 2014 (March 23, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/678518.

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This work proposes an effective numerical model using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with different add-on devices. The computational/numerical model of the passenger car and mesh was constructed using ANSYS Fluent which is the CFD solver and employed in the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, and then aerodynamic data and detailed complicated flow structure are visualized. In the present work, a model of generic passenger car was developed using solidworks, generated the wind tunnel, and applied the bound

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Aleksandrova, Y. A., and E. I. Krilova. "SPECIFICS OF PASSENGER CAR TRANSPORTATION." System analysis and logistics 25, no. 3 (2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/2007-5687-2020-3-60-66.

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Logo, Emma, Ildikó Petruska, and Adam Torok. "Passenger Car as Complex Experience." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 4 (2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0023-7.

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Passenger cars are complex products that consist of millions of parts. Cars have different shapes and colours giving persons different emotional feelings. Therefore the car as a complex product is suitable for marketing specialist for comparing other products through cars. Authors are describing the mathematical background of the theoretical investigation and the practical results of such examination.

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Polcar, Adam, Vojtěch Kumbár, and Jiří Čupera. "Alcohol Fuel in Passenger Car." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 3 (2016): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664030863.

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The present article studies the effects of combustion of high-percentage mixture of bioethanol and gasoline on the output parameters of a passenger car engine. The car engine has not been structurally modified for the combustion of fuels with higher ethanol content. The mixture used consisted of E85 summer blend and Natural 95 gasoline in a ratio of 50:50. The parameters monitored during the experiment included the air-fuel ratio in exhaust gasses, the power output and torque of the engine and also the specific energy consumption and efficiency of the engine. As is apparent from the results, E

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