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1

Alström, Per, Daniel M. Hooper, Yang Liu, et al. "Discovery of a relict lineage and monotypic family of passerine birds." Biology Letters 10, no. 3 (2014): 20131067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1067.

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Analysis of one of the most comprehensive datasets to date of the largest passerine bird clade, Passerida, identified 10 primary well-supported lineages corresponding to Sylvioidea, Muscicapoidea, Certhioidea, Passeroidea, the ‘bombycillids’ (here proposed to be recognized as Bombycilloidea), Paridae/Remizidae (proposed to be recognized as Paroidea), Stenostiridae, Hyliotidae, Regulidae (proposed to be recognized as Reguloidea) and spotted wren-babbler Spelaeornis formosus . The latter was found on a single branch in a strongly supported clade with Muscicapoidea, Certhioidea and Bombycilloidea
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2

Gouveia, F.B.P., M.L.L. Barbosa, and T.V. Barrett. "Arthropods associated with nests of Cacicus sp. and Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae) in varzea forest near the meeting of the rivers Negro and Solimões (Central Amazonia, Brazil) at high water." Journal of Natural History 46, no. 15-16 (2012): 979–1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.651642.

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Gouveia, F.B.P., Barbosa, M.L.L., Barrett, T.V. (2012): Arthropods associated with nests of Cacicus sp. and Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae) in varzea forest near the meeting of the rivers Negro and Solimões (Central Amazonia, Brazil) at high water. Journal of Natural History 46 (15-16): 979-1003, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.651642, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.651642
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3

Lubbe, Pascale, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Olga Kardailsky, et al. "Mitogenomes resolve the phylogeography and divergence times within the endemic New Zealand Callaeidae (Aves: Passerida)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196, no. 4 (2022): 1451–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac060.

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Lubbe, Pascale, Rawlence, Nicolas J., Kardailsky, Olga, Robertson, Bruce C., Day, Robert, Knapp, Michael, Dussex, Nicolas (2022): Mitogenomes resolve the phylogeography and divergence times within the endemic New Zealand Callaeidae (Aves: Passerida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4): 1451-1463, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac060, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1451/6659027
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4

YANG, CHAO, LE ZHAO, QINGXIONG WANG, HAO YUAN, XUEJUAN LI, and YAN WANG. "Mitogenome of Alaudala cheleensis (Passeriformes: Alaudidae) and comparative analyses of Sylvioidea mitogenomes." Zootaxa 4952, no. 2 (2021): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.2.7.

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To gain a better understanding of mitogenome features and phylogenetic relationships in Sylvioidea, a superfamily of Passerida, suborder Passeri, Passeriformes, the whole mitogenome of Alaudala cheleensis Swinhoe (Alaudidae) was sequenced, a comparative mitogenomic analysis of 18 Sylvioidea species was carried out, and finally, a phylogeny was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial dataset. Gene order of the A. cheleensis mitogenome was similar to that of other Sylvioidea species, including the gene rearrangement of cytb-trnT-CR1-trnP-nad6-trnE-remnant CR2-trnF-rrnS. There was slightly highe
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5

Ericson, Per G. P., and Ulf S. Johansson. "Phylogeny of Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29, no. 1 (2003): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00067-8.

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6

Mackiewicz, Paweł, Adam Dawid Urantówka, Aleksandra Kroczak, and Dorota Mackiewicz. "Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 10 (2019): 2824–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz209.

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Abstract Mitochondrial genes are placed on one molecule, which implies that they should carry consistent phylogenetic information. Following this advantage, we present a well-supported phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes from almost 300 representatives of Passeriformes, the most numerous and differentiated Aves order. The analyses resolved the phylogenetic position of paraphyletic Basal and Transitional Oscines. Passerida occurred divided into two groups, one containing Paroidea and Sylvioidea, whereas the other, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea. Analyses of mitogenomes showed four types of
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7

Castaneda, Yaroddy Rodriguez, James W. Wiley, and Orlando H. Garrido. "Additional records of Lazuli Bunting (<em>Passerina amoena</em>) and first records of several wild-caught exotic birds for Cuba." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 30, no. 2 (2018): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2017.30(2).134-142.

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Abstract: We report two Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) captured in Cuba; these constitute the second and third records for the island and entire West Indies. We also report the first-time occurrence of several free-living exotic birds in Cuba, based on captures by local bird trappers: White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis), Red-faced Liocichla (Liocichla phoenicea), Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus), Yellow-mantled Widowbird (Euplectes macroura), and White-winged Snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis). We suggest possible sources and agents of t
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8

Olson, Storrs L. "Comments on the osteology and systematics of the New Zealand passerines of the genus Mohoua." Notornis 37, no. 3-4 (1990): 157. https://doi.org/10.63172/040447wjzebv.

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The osteology of the New Zealand genera Mohoua and Finschia shows that they are definitely not referable to the Pachycephalinae or any other group within the corvine assemblage. This is in contrast to Sibley and Ahlquist’s original interpretation of their DNA-DNA hybridization studies and supports a recent reanalysis of that data by critics, who concluded that these genera belong among the “Passerida”. Within that group, the relationships of Finschia and Mohoua remain uncertain. No osteological basis could be found for continuing to separate the genus Finschia from Mohoua. The three species in
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9

Wang, Qingqing, Wenkang Lu, Jianke Yang, et al. "Comparative transcriptomics in three Passerida species provides insights into the evolution of avian mitochondrial complex I." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 28 (December 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2018.06.002.

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10

Bleiweiss, Robert. "Physical Alignments Between Plumage Carotenoid Spectra and Cone Sensitivities in Ultraviolet-Sensitive (UVS) Birds (Passerida: Passeriformes)." Evolutionary Biology 41, no. 3 (2014): 404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-014-9273-8.

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11

Ling, Shao-Jun, Xin-Ting Qin, Xi-Qiang Song, Li-Na Zhang, and Ming-Xun Ren. "Genetic delimitation of Oreocharis species from Hainan Island." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 59–81. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.32427.

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Hainan Island harbours an extraordinary diversity of Gesneriaceae with 14 genera and 23 species, amongst which two species and one variety are recognised in the genus Oreocharis. These three Oreocharis taxa are all Hainan-endemics and show a complex geographical distribution pattern with considerable morphological intermixtures. In this study, we combined DNA (nuclear ITS sequences and cpDNA trnL-trnF and ycf1b) to evaluate genetic delimitation for 12 Oreocharis populations from the island, together with morphological similarity analysis using 16 morphological traits. The results showed Hainan
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12

Nabholz, Benoit, Erich D. Jarvis, and Hans Ellegren. "Obtaining mtDNA genomes from next-generation transcriptome sequencing: A case study on the basal Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes) phylogeny." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57, no. 1 (2010): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.009.

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13

MIRONOV, SERGEY V., and C. RAY CHANDLER. "Feather mites of the genus Trouessartia (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Georgia, USA." Zootaxa 4860, no. 1 (2020): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.1.1.

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Ten new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from various passerines of the superfamily Passeroidea in Georgia: Trouessartia americana sp. n. from Setophaga americana (Linnaeus), T. helmitheros sp. n. from Helmitheros vermivorum (Gmelin, JF), T. mniotilta sp. n. from Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus), T. pensylvanica sp. n. from Setophaga pensylvanica (Linnaeus) (type host) and S. palmarum (Gmelin, JF), T. ruticilla sp. n. from S. ruticilla (Linnaeus), T. seiurus sp. n. from Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus), T. tigrina sp. n. from S
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14

Castaneda, Yaroddy Rodríguez, and James W. Wiley. "Probable first breeding record of Indigo Bunting (<em>Passerina cyanea</em>; family Cardinalidae) in the West Indies." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 28 (December 27, 2015): 22–24. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2015.28.22-24.

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Abstract: Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) is a non-breeding winter resident in the West Indies, where it occurs from September to early May. On 26 July 2012, a local bird trapper encountered two adult (male and female) buntings associating with three recently fledged buntings (two females, one male) near El Purial (21°55'00"N, 78°42'00"W; 40 m elevation), 18 km north of the city of Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila province, Cuba. All birds were captured and maintained in captivity. Based on the birds’ behavior, physical condition, stage of development of the fledglings, and aviculture activiti
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15

SKORACKI, MACIEJ, SARAH A. HENDRICKS, and GREG S. SPICER. "Systematics of the genus Syringophilopsis Kethley, 1970 (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) with description of three new species from North American passerines." Zootaxa 2793, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2793.1.1.

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Three new species of the genus Syringophilopsis collected from the United States are described and figured: S. certhiae sp. nov. ex Certhia americana Bonaparte (Certhiidae) from California, S. sittae sp. nov. ex Sitta carolinensis Latham (Sittidae) also from California, and S. sturnellus sp. nov. ex Sturnella neglecta Audubon (Icteridae) from Arizona. Additionally, S. passerinae (Clark, 1964) is redescribed based on the material from the type host species, Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae). New host species for S. icteri Bochkov &amp; Mironov, 2001 and S. passerinae are added. The wor
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16

Gustafsson, Daniel R., and Sarah E. Bush. "Brueelia (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) of North American Nine-Primaried Oscines (Aves: Passeriformes: Passerida) with Descriptions of Nine New Species." Journal of Parasitology 105, no. 6 (2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/19-82.

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17

Johansson, Ulf S., Jon Fjeldså, and Rauri C. K. Bowie. "Phylogenetic relationships within Passerida (Aves: Passeriformes): A review and a new molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear intron markers." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, no. 3 (2008): 858–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.029.

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18

Jiang, Chuan, Hui Kang, Yang Zhou, et al. "Selected Lark Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Evolution of Second Control Region with Tandem Repeats in Alaudidae (Aves, Passeriformes)." Life 14, no. 7 (2024): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14070881.

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The control region (CR) regulates the replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome). Some avian mitogenomes possess two CRs, and the second control region (CR2) may enhance replication and transcription; however, the CR2 in lark mitogenome appears to be undergoing loss and is accompanied by tandem repeats. Here, we characterized six lark mitogenomes from Alaudala cheleensis, Eremophila alpestris, Alauda razae, and Calandrella cinerea and reconstructed the phylogeny of Passerida. Through further comparative analysis among larks, we traced the evolutionary process of CR2
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19

Huang, Zuhao, Feiyun Tu, and Shan Tang. "Two new mitogenomes of Pellorneidae (Aves : Passeriformes) and a phylogeny of the superfamily Sylvioidea." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 3 (2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18025.

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The superfamily Sylvioidea contains the most diversified species within the Passerida. The grey-cheeked fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) and the eyebrowed wren-babbler (Napothera epilepidota) are birds with a weak flight that live in lightly wooded or scrubland environments. In the present study, two new mitogenomes of A. morrisonia (KX376475) and N. epilepidota (KX831093) within the superfamily Sylvioidea were sequenced and their total lengths were 17788bp and 17913bp, respectively. Both mitogenomes comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and two control regions (CR and CCR). Simila
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20

Jønsson, Knud A., Jon Fjeldså, Per G. P. Ericson, and Martin Irestedt. "Systematic placement of an enigmatic Southeast Asian taxon Eupetes macrocerus and implications for the biogeography of a main songbird radiation, the Passerida." Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (2007): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0054.

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Biogeographic connections between Australia and other continents are still poorly understood although the plate tectonics of the Indo-Pacific region is now well described. Eupetes macrocerus is an enigmatic taxon distributed in a small area on the Malay Peninsula and on Sumatra and Borneo. It has generally been associated with Ptilorrhoa in New Guinea on the other side of Wallace's Line, but a relationship with the West African Picathartes has also been suggested. Using three nuclear markers, we demonstrate that Eupetes is the sister taxon of the South African genus Chaetops , and their sister
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21

Irestedt, Martin, and Jan I. Ohlson. "The division of the major songbird radiation into Passerida and ‘core Corvoidea’ (Aves: Passeriformes) — the species tree vs. gene trees." Zoologica Scripta 37, no. 3 (2008): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00321.x.

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22

MIRONOV, SERGEY V., and C. RAY CHANDLER. "New feather mites of the genus Amerodectes Valim and Hernandes (Acariformes: Proctophyllodidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Georgia, USA." Zootaxa 4344, no. 2 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.1.

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Eight new species of the feather mite genus Amerodectes Valim and Hernandes, 2010 (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) are described from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Georgia, USA: Amerodectes cathari sp. n. from Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall) (Turdidae), A. haemorhous sp. n. from Haemorhous mexicanus (Muller, PLS) (Fringillidae), A. helmitheros sp. n. from Helmitheros vermivorum (Gmelin) (Parulidae), A. hribari sp. n. from Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus) (Parulidae), A. hylocichlae sp. n. from Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin) (Turdidae), A. passerinae sp. n. from Passerina ciris (Linnaeus) (Car
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23

Costa, Mariellen C., César A.B. Medolago, Amanda Murcia, and Mercival R. Francisco. "Reproductive parameters of the Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Chrysomus ruficapilus (Passeriformes: Icteridae), in a natural wetland from southeastern Brazil." Zoologia 37 (April 7, 2020): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e36026.

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The Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Chrysomus ruficapilus (Vieillot, 1819), is a common bird species in flooded areas of South America. Data on its reproductive parameters have been reported mainly for rice paddies from Uruguay and southern Brazil, where reproductive phenology might have been influenced by the chronology of agricultural activities. Here we provide reproductive data for a population in a natural marshland from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. A total of 45 active nests were monitored between December 2017 and April 2018. Clutch size was 2.8 ± 0.44. Incubation and nestling perio
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24

Fuchs, Jérôme, Jon Fjeldså, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Gary Voelker, and Eric Pasquet. "The African warbler genus Hyliota as a lost lineage in the Oscine songbird tree: Molecular support for an African origin of the Passerida." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39, no. 1 (2006): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.020.

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25

da, Silva Mohr Luciane R., Eduardo Périco, Silva Fonseca Vanda S. da, and Alexsandro R. Mohr. "The breeding biology, nest success, habitat and behavior of the endangered Saffron-cowled Blackbird, Xanthopsar flavus (Aves: Icteridae), at an Important Bird Area (IBA) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Zoologia 34 (October 2, 2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20783.

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The Saffron-cowled Blackbird, Xanthopsar flavus (Gmelin, 1788), is a globally vulnerable icterid endemic to grasslands and open areas, and a priority species for research and conservation programs. This contribution provides information on the population size, habitat, behavior, breeding biology and nest success of X. flavus in two conservation units (CUs) in Viamão, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the Environmental Protection Area Banhado Grande, and the Wildlife Refuge Banhado dos Pachecos, classified as an "Important Bird Area". Searches for X. flavus were carried out mainly in open are
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26

Ling, Shao-Jun, Shu-Ping Guan, Fang Wen, Yu-Min Shui, and Ming-Xun Ren. "Oreocharis jasminina (Gesneriaceae), a new species from mountain tops of Hainan Island, South China." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 121–35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.50246.

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A new species of Gesneriaceae, Oreocharis jasminina S.J.Ling, F.Wen &amp; M.X. Ren from Hainan Island, south China, is highlighted and described. The new species is distinguished by its actinomorphic corolla, narrow floral tube and ovate anthers hidden in the floral tube. The new species also showed clear geographic and altitudinal isolation from the three currently-recognised Oreocharis species on the Island. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on nuclear ITS1/2 and plastid trnL-trnF sequences, supported the delimitation of the new species, which forms a single lineage with all the other O
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27

Pan, Bo, Guang-Da Tang, Truong Van Do, Stephen Maciejewski, Chong-Lang Deng, and Fang Wen. "Oreocharis tetrapterus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from East Guangxi, China." PhytoKeys 131 (September 13, 2019): 83–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35434.

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A new species, Oreocharis tetrapterus F.Wen, B.Pan &amp; T.V.Do (Gesneriaceae) from Gupo Mountain area, Hezhou city, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. The new species has a zygomorphic tetramerous corolla with two adaxial and two abaxial lobes and two fertile stamens in the posterior position, making this a unique combination of floral characteristics in the expanded Oreocharis.
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28

Jonsson, Knud A., and Jon Fjeldsa. "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)." Zoologica Scripta 35, no. 2 (2006): 149–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x.

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Boire, Denis, Nektaria Nicolakakis, and Louis Lefebvre. "TOOLS AND BRAINS IN BIRDS." Behaviour 139, no. 7 (2002): 939–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853902320387918.

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AbstractTools are traditionally defined as objects that are used as an extension of the body and held directly in the hand or mouth. By these standards, a vulture breaking an egg by hitting it with a stone uses a tool, but a gull dropping an egg on a rock does not. This distinction between true and borderline (or proto-tool) cases has been criticized for its arbitrariness and anthropocentrism. We show here that relative size of the neostriatum and whole brain distinguish the true and borderline categories in birds using tools to obtain food or water. From two sources, the specialized literatur
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30

Qin, Wei-Hua, Dong-Dong Ding, Zhong-Lin Li, Yun-Feng Gao, Shu Li, and Xin Hong. "Oreocharis flavovirens, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Southern Gansu Province, China." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 101–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.31732.

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Oreocharis flavovirens is a new species of Gesneriaceae from Gansu, China and is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to O. glandulosa, O. humilis and O. farreri, but those congeners of this new taxon can be distinguished by several salient characters. A description of O. flavovirens, together with illustrations and photos, are presented.
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31

Yang, Li-Hua, Fang Wen, Hang-Hui Kong, Zhi-Xia Sun, Lan-Ying Su, and Ming Kang. "Two new combinations in Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) based on morphological, molecular and cytological evidence." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 43–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.32609.

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The newly-circumscribed genus Oreocharis is recently enlarged by incorporating ten other genera with high floral diversity. In this study, our morphological, molecular and cytological evidence supports our adding two species from other two different genera (Boeica and Beccarinda) to Oreocharis. The special corolla shape (campanulate or flat-faced) and related short filament of these two new combinations, Oreocharis guileana and O. baolianis, further enrich the diversity of floral characters of the enlarged Oreocharis. Meanwhile, some supplementary and amended descriptions of these two species
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32

Cai, Lei, Zhang-Jie Huang, Fang Wen, and Zhi-Ling Dao. "Two new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from karst regions in Yunnan and notes on O. tetraptera and O. brachypoda from China." PhytoKeys 162 (October 7, 2020): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.52174.

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Two new species of Gesneriaceae, Oreocharis aimodisca and O. longipedicellata, from the limestone area of Yunnan Province, China, are described and illustrated. Their morphological relationship with similar species is discussed and colour photographs, detailed descriptions, distribution and habitat, as well as the IUCN endangered status are provided. We also discuss the accuracy of the scientific names of the described species O. tetrapterus from Guangxi, China in 2019 and O. brachypodus from Guizhou, China, in 2015, and put forward corrections related to name form.
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Gouveia, F. B. P., M. L. L. Barbosa, and T. V. Barrett. "Arthropods associated with nests ofCacicus sp. andPsarocoliussp. (Passerida: Icteridae) in varzea forest near the meeting of the rivers Negro and Solimões (Central Amazonia, Brazil) at high water." Journal of Natural History 46, no. 15-16 (2012): 979–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.651642.

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34

Qu, Yanhua, Chunhai Chen, Xiumin Chen, et al. "The evolution of ancestral and species-specific adaptations in snowfinches at the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (2021): e2012398118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012398118.

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Species in a shared environment tend to evolve similar adaptations under the influence of their phylogenetic context. Using snowfinches, a monophyletic group of passerine birds (Passeridae), we study the relative roles of ancestral and species-specific adaptations to an extreme high-elevation environment, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our ancestral trait reconstruction shows that the ancestral snowfinch occupied high elevations and had a larger body mass than most nonsnowfinches in Passeridae. Subsequently, this phenotypic adaptation diversified in the descendant species. By comparing high-qualit
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35

Morais, Rodrigo, Luiz Carlos Araújo, Gleidson Ramos Silva, and Charles Duca. "Multiple nesting attempts and long breeding seasons of Mimus gilvus (Aves: Mimidae) in southeastern Brazil." Zoologia 36 (May 16, 2019): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e25717.

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This study describes aspects of the life history of the Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Vieillot, 1808), including the breeding period, clutch size, nestlings and a list of plants used for nesting. Nests were monitored in an area of Restinga (sand-coastal plain) habitat in a protected area in southeastern Brazil. The data from 181 nests during five breeding seasons (2010-2014) showed that the Tropical Mockingbird has a long breeding season (26.1 ± 2.6 weeks) with up to two peaks of active nests from August to March. The breeding pairs made up to four nesting attempts in the same breeding se
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Cai, Lei, Fang-Pu Liu, Xiang-Bo Yi, and Zhi-Ling Dao. "Oreocharis wumengensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from northeastern Yunnan, China." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 113–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.33071.

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A new species of Gesneriaceae, Oreocharis wumengensis Lei Cai &amp; Z.L.Dao from Wumeng Mountain area, Yanjin County, Yunnan Province, China, is described. The new species is morphologically similar to O. panzhouensis Lei Cai, Y.Guo &amp; F.Wen in the shape of corolla, number of stigma and stamens, but it can be easily distinguished from this species by the leaf shape and indumentum characters of leaf blade, calyx and stamens. Detailed descriptions with photographs of the plant and holotype, and comparisons with morphologically similar species, are also provided.
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Pornpongrungrueng, Pimwadee, Pranom Chantaranothai, John A.N. Parnell, and Trevor R. Hodkinson. "Two new species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Thailand." PhytoKeys 136 (December 11, 2019): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.136.47625.

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Two Phyllanthus species are newly described from a limestone mountain in the north of Thailand. The first species, P. huamotensis Pornp., Chantar. &amp; J.Parn., sp. nov., is one of the most distinct Phyllanthus species easily distinguished by its reddish branchlets and stem, conspicuous reddish venation, especially on the lower leaf surface, red sepals with long fimbriate margin and red capsule with papillose-puberulous surface. The second species, P. chantaranothaii Pornp., J.Parn. &amp; Hodk., sp. nov., is similar to P. pulcher Wall. ex Müll.Arg., but it is distinguished by its puberulous u
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38

Chen, Wen Hong, Quang Hieu Nguyen, Run Zheng Chen, et al. "Two new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from Fan Si Pan, the highest mountain in Vietnam." PhytoKeys 94 (January 29, 2018): 95–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.94.21329.

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Two new species of Oreocharis Benth. from Fan Si Pan, the highest mountain in Vietnam (Sa Pa) are described and illustrated. Oreocharis grandiflora W.H.Chen, Q.H.Nguyen &amp; Y.M.Shui, is similar to O. flavida Merr. from Hainan province, China, but differs mainly by its larger and infundibuliform corolla, stamens adnate to the base of the corolla tube and stamens coherent in two pairs. The second, Oreocharis longituba W.H.Chen, Q.H.Nguyen &amp; Y.M.Shui, is similar to O. hirsuta Barnett, endemic to northern Thailand, but mainly differs in its pubescence, coherent stamens and glabrous filaments
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Chen, Wen-Hong, Ya-Mei Zhang, De-Ming He, Yong-Liang Li, and Yu-Min Shui. "Four new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) in Yunnan province, China." PhytoKeys 157 (August 26, 2020): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.32284.

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Four new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) are described and illustrated. These new species grow in pairs in montane forests in Yunnan province, China. One pair grows in Wenshan county, Southeast Yunnan, viz. Oreocharis eriocarpa W.H. Chen &amp; Y.M. Shui and O. wenshanensis W.H. Chen &amp; Y.M. Shui and another pair grows in Yongde county, Southwest Yunnan, viz. O. fulva W.H. Chen &amp; Y.M. Shui and O. lacerata W.H. Chen &amp; Y.M. Shui. Their morphological and geographical relationship with similar species is discussed and the IUCN endangered status is provided, based on the available da
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40

Rohwer, Vanya G., Sievert Rohwer, and John C. Wingfield. "Despotic aggression in pre-moulting painted buntings." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 2 (2020): 191510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191510.

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Aggression in territorial social systems is easy to interpret because the benefits of territorial defence mostly accrue to the territorial holder. However, in non-territorial systems, high aggression seems puzzling and raises intriguing evolutionary questions. We describe extreme rates of despotism between age classes in a passerine bird, the painted bunting ( Passerina ciris ), during the pre-moulting period. Aggressive encounters were not associated with aggressors gaining immediate access to resources. Instead, conspecifics, and even other species, were pursued as though being harassed; thi
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de, Pinho Irlane F., Silva Lidiane M. da, Mariana B. Rodrigues, et al. "Isospora machadoae sp. nov. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidian species from white-necked thrushes Turdus albicolis (Passeriformes: Turdidae) of South America." Zoologia 35 (March 9, 2018): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e24570.

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A new coccidian species parasitizing white-necked thrushes Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818 is described from the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, in Southeastern Brazil. Isospora machadoae sp. nov. has oocysts that are sub-spherical, 22.2 × 21.2 µm, with bilayered wall, ~1.3 μm thick. Outer layer is rough with micropyle and micropyle cap. Oocyst residuum is absent, but one or two polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 13.3 × 9.7 µm. The Stieda body is flattened to half-moon-shaped and substieda body rounded. Sporocyst residuum is present, composed of scattered spherules of differ
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Washburn, Brian E., Joshua J. Millspaugh, Dana L. Morris, John H. Schulz, and John Faaborg. "Using a Commercially Available Enzyme Immunoassay to Quantify Testosterone in Avian Plasma." Condor 109, no. 1 (2007): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.1.181.

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Abstract Abstract Using a commercially available testosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA), we developed and validated an assay procedure for determining testosterone levels in small-volume (20 µL) avian plasma samples. We evaluated this EIA's utility by measuring plasma testosterone levels in Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus), Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus), and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea). Standard biochemical validations (e.g., parallelism, recovery of exogenous testosterone) demonstrated that the assay accurately and precisely measured testosterone
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43

Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Leaf anatomy of the genus Passerina (Thymelaeaceae): taxonomic and ecological significance." Bothalia 31, no. 1 (2001): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i1.507.

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A comparative anatomical study was made of the genus Passerina comprising 20 species and four subspecies, most of which are endemic to southern Africa. It showed that anatomical variation is useful in species recognition and classification. Anatomical characters typical of Thymelaeaceae and displayed in Passerina include isobilateral leaves, a papillate cuticular membrane, mucilaginous epidermal cell walls, a parenchymatous bundle sheath and extraxylary sclerenchyma fibres. Vascular bundles of the leaf lack intraxylary phloem. Characters common to Passerina are inverse-dorsiventral and epis- t
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Bleiweiss, Robert. "Symmetric Responses to Diet by Plumage Carotenoids in Violet-Sensitive Piciform–Coraciiform Birds." Diversity 17, no. 6 (2025): 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17060379.

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Biological studies on symmetry can be expanded to consider red (longer wavelengths) and blue (shorter wavelengths) shifts as antisymmetries (opposite-pattern symmetries), which may arise from similar underlying causes (invariant process symmetries). In this context, classic shift asymmetries of redder plumage in response to higher dietary carotenoids appear conceptually incomplete, as potential blue-shifted counterparts were not considered. A latent symmetric response is highlighted by recent evidence showing that the maximum absorbance bands of various colorful plumage pigments are red-shifte
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Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Taxonomic significance of inflorescences, floral morphology and anatomy in Passerina (Thymelaeaceae)." Bothalia 31, no. 2 (2001): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v31i2.528.

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Comparative studies were undertaken on the inflorescence, bracts and floral morphology of all taxa of the genus Passerina L. in southern Africa. Information is given in tabular form and a key based on bract morphology is presented.Floral morphology supported the status of the intrageneric taxa and also proved to be of taxonomic significance in the genus. Controversy surrounding the interpretation of a number of floral morphological structures in Passerina has been resolved. Morphological and anatomical evidence allowed a re-interpretation of the structure of the receptacle, hypanthium and sepa
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APANASKEVICH, DMITRY A., MARIA A. APANASKEVICH, PAVEL B. KLIMOV, et al. "Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions." Zootaxa 5173, no. 1 (2022): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1.

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Ixodes brevisetosus n. sp. from Papua New Guinea, Ixodes contrarius n. sp. from Costa Rica, Ixodes guglielmonei n. sp. from Argentina and Chile, Ixodes insulae n. sp. from Australia, Ixodes moralesi n. sp. from Guatemala and Panama, Ixodes rio n. sp. from Brazil, Ixodes robbinsi n. sp. from Canada and the United States and Ixodes tinamou n. sp. from Peru (Acari: Ixodidae) are described based on females, nymphs and larvae from various avian hosts (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae; Falconiformes: Falconidae; Galliformes: Cracidae, Odontophoridae, Phasianidae; Passeriformes: Acanthizidae, Cardinalid
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47

Päckert, Martin, Jens Hering, Abdelkrim Ait Belkacem, et al. "A revised multilocus phylogeny of Old World sparrows (Aves: Passeridae)." Vertebrate Zoology 71 (May 31, 2021): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e65952.

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Abstract The Old World sparrows include some of the best-studied passerine species, such as the cosmopolitan human commensal, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as well as poorly studied narrow-range endemics like the Iago sparrow (P. iagoensis) from the Cape Verde Archipelago or specialists from extreme environments like the desert sparrow (P. simplex). It is therefore notable that to date the most complete phylogenetic hypothesis for the Old World sparrows comprised only ten of 43 currently accepted species. With this study we provide an updated phylogeny of Passeridae covering about two
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48

Päckert, Martin, Jens Hering, Abdelkrim Ait Belkacem, et al. "A revised multilocus phylogeny of Old World sparrows (Aves: Passeridae)." Vertebrate Zoology 71 (May 31, 2021): 353–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e65952.

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Abstract The Old World sparrows include some of the best-studied passerine species, such as the cosmopolitan human commensal, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as well as poorly studied narrow-range endemics like the Iago sparrow (P. iagoensis) from the Cape Verde Archipelago or specialists from extreme environments like the desert sparrow (P. simplex). It is therefore notable that to date the most complete phylogenetic hypothesis for the Old World sparrows comprised only ten of 43 currently accepted species. With this study we provide an updated phylogeny of Passeridae covering about two
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49

Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "Taxonomy of the genus Passerina (Thymelaeaceae)." Bothalia 33, no. 1 (2003): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v33i1.433.

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Passerina L. is mainly a southern African genus, comprising 20 species and four subspecies. A few species occur along the Great Escarpment, two extend into Zimbabwe and Mozambique, but most are concentrated in the Cape Floristic Region. Palynological. macromorphological and anatomical evidence was used in the delimitation of the genus and its infrageneric taxa. A cladistic study supports Passerina as a monophyletic genus. A genus treatment, key to species and a full species treatment are given. Each species treatment includes a taxonomic diagnosis, description and notes on taxonomy, etymology,
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50

Lenin, Kanagasabai. "Passerine swarm optimization algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 9, no. 2 (2020): 101–9. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v9.i2.pp101-109.

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This paper presents Passerine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSOA) for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem. This algorithm is based on behaviour of social communications of Passerine bird. Basically, Passerine bird has three common behaviours: search behaviour, adherence behaviour and expedition behaviour. Through the shared communications Passerine bird will search for the food and also run away from hunters. By using the Passerine bird communications and behaviour, five basic rules have been created in the PSOA approach to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Key asp
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