Academic literature on the topic 'Payment methods'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Payment methods.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Payment methods"
1
Borcuch, Artur. "The use of statistical methods in the analysis of mobile payment market in Poland." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i2.324.
Full textAbstract:
Payments are an inherent element of economic activity (León and Ortega 2018). However, the evolution of payment instruments and the way individuals and businesses make daily payments has undergone enormous change in human history, particularly due to main innovations in payment systems in last decades (Gandhi 2016). The last innovation in payment system concerns mobile payment. The development of mobile payments market can have a positive impact on economic growth (Leon and Rodriguez 2012). Although the Polish market of mobile payments is in the initial phase of development, it is one of the pioneering and leading in Europe and globally. The main purpose of this article is to analyze, which feature (convenience, speed, availability, ease of use, safety) of mobile payments could be the most important for users from Poland.
2
Fujiki, Hiroshi. "The use of noncash payment methods for regular payments and the household demand for cash: evidence from Japan." Japanese Economic Review 71, no. 4 (July 31, 2020): 719–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42973-020-00049-5.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Understanding the demand for cash and noncash payment methods is an important policy concern in Japan, as the Japanese government aims at a cashless economy. Previous studies show that the demand for specific payment methods depends not only on the motivations of the kind of transactions, such as day-to-day transactions or hoarding, but also on payment contexts, such as bill payments or online payments. However, a few studies have investigated the demand for payment methods by payment context in Japan. We fill this gap by examining Japanese family and single-person household data on the choice of cash and noncash payment methods for regular payments, including bill payments. We found a decreasing popularity of choices involving automatic withdrawals and an increasing popularity of choices involving credit cards in both data sets and that of choosing exclusively cash in the single-person households’ data. We also found that these changes are associated with a decreasing demand for cash in family households and, conversely, an increasing demand in single-person households, assuming that the current pace of gradual adoption of noncash payment methods continues. In promoting a cashless society, the Japanese government should pay attention to the finding that a more frequent use of credit cards for regular payments is not always associated with a decrease in the demand for cash.
3
Тхаркахова, Ирина, Дана Понокова, and Марина Ордынская. "МЕСТО БЕЗНАЛИЧНЫХ РАСЧЕТОВ В БАНКОВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ РОССИИ." Научный взгляд в будущее, no. 21-01 (April 30, 2018): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2415-7538.2021-21-01-009.
Full textAbstract:
The work is devoted to issues related to the current system of non-cash payments in Russia, including such elements as: principles of organization, forms of payment, payment methods, payment instruments. The features of the application of payments by paym
4
Nazarova, Iryna. "Evolution of accounting and information systems cashless payments." Herald of Economics, no. 4 (March 16, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.04.211.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Digitalization of the market economy creates conditions for minimizing cash payments. The abandonment from cash payments is justified by positive trends in: distancing e-commerce, the use of cashless payment systems and pandemic changes in socio-economic processes. Changes in the cash payments methods require the introduction of accounting and information systems for electronic recording of money operations, accounting and reporting of payment transactions, guarantees for the safety and control of cashless money.Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the evolution of accounting and information systems in the implementation of cashless payments in international and domestic markets for payment services, theoretical justification of the definition of «cashless payments» and develop proposals for their streamlining.Method. Methods of scientific research are: systematic approach to the study of economic processes, elements of the theory of scientific knowledge, dialectical method to determine the essence of cashless payments; historical - to research the evolution of cashless payments; analytical - to assess modern information systems for the organization and accounting of cashless payments.Results. The research of the cashless payments evolution shown the permanence changes in the methods of conducting money transactions. The accounting and information system of enterprises and corporations must timely respond on innovative transformations. The article improves and regulates the elements of the conceptual apparatus for cashless payments using bank payment cards, electronic money and other modern payment methods for the developing of their registration and reflection in accounting and reporting. Perspectives. Technological progress and the COVID-19 pandemic have become the driving force of society’s transition to expanding the cashless payment regime. Technologies for remote banking and non-banking payment systems are permanently improving. Accounting and information systems for providing complete and objective information to business and society should be in line with this progress.
5
Zitha, Themba, and Darry Penceliah. "Perceptions Regarding Digital Payments in Online Shopping amongst Millennials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v4i1.1047.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary business continues to leverage the opportunities of internet connectivity for marketing, sales, and visibility. Digital payment plays an imperative role in online shopping transactions. With the evolution of online shopping, there has been a paradigm shift from traditional payment methods to a faster digital payment method. This paper assesses millennials’ perceptions of digital payments for online shopping. A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a quantitative method. Three hundred and ninety-three millennials completed a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were utilised to summarise and analyse the results. Respondents used different types of digital payments for online shopping, namely, credit card, debit card, micropayment, digital wallet, PayPal, Bitcoin, and in-app purchase. Some of the challenges pertaining to digital payment methods are security, privacy, and trust issues. There is a dire need to develop various interventions and strategies such as standardisation of the browser and device support to educate consumers, integrate more banks, develop synergy with credit card companies, reduce fees for low-risk transactions, make digital payment easier, and personalise the digital payment process and its value chain to make digital payments more secure and safe for effective transaction and online payments.
6
Mushkudiani, Nino. "Development of Electronic Payments in Georgia." Economics and Culture 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2018-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Electronic payments are considered to be a fast and secure alternative for traditional payment methods. Today, it is impossible to imagine modern bank operations, commercial transactions and other payments without electronic payments. This article shows that electronic payments are not the only means for reducing costs with respect to other payment methods, such as cash, but can also generate significant benefits for increasing economic development and reducing shadow economy. The paper focuses on the development of electronic payments in Georgia and its impact on the economy of the country. Over the decades, the payment systems in Georgia have evolved significantly in line with the technological advancement. Significant progress has been achieved in improving the e-payment systems infrastructure. The evolution of e-payments in Georgia can be characterized by the following: debit (including prepaid) and credit cards, credit and debit transfers compose a core set of noncash payment types commonly used today by consumers and businesses. These core noncash payment types are used both in traditional ways, such as in-person purchases, payroll deposits, and bill payments, and in innovative ways, such as contactless and mobile payments, e-commerce and online bill payments. Using the economic-mathematical analyses of the information taken from the web-page of the National Bank of Georgia and commercial banks’ publications, a mathematical model was built, based on which the positive relationship between e-payments and economic growth in terms of real GDP was shown.
7
Zakharchenko, Vitaliy, Mykola Merkulov, Olesya Balakhonova, Natalia Zakharchenko, and Viktoriia Laptieva. "The development of methods of calculating the concession fees." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-2).2017.11.
Full textAbstract:
Developed and advanced way of calculation concession fee than provided by the Government Methodology from 04.02.2016. It based on the critical review of existing legal regulation in Ukraine, considering the inflation factor according to international requirements (UNIDO). This approach provides a reduced risk of members of concession agreement, protection of the project member’s interests and the financial viability of the project. Ukraine should follow international practice and rely on concession fee as an instrument of regulation, not only as a fiscal instrument. During the concession contest, where the criteria for selection of the winner is a concession fee, the Government should provide the object to concession if the amount of the payment will be higher than the maximum profit that can get a monopoly. Fee may take the form of a single or an annual payment. In the latter case, reasonable discount rate must be set to calculate the present value of the stream of payments. Confirmed: the need pre-planning examination of normative documents, the use of sentences of the international experience of evaluation of projects, the revised rate of interest a concession payment, the desirability of calculating asset values using their average annual cost, taking into account the special conditions of the project.
8
Soratana, Teerachart, Yili Liu, and X. Jessie Yang. "Effect of Payment Methods in Crowdsourcing Platforms." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 1627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661135.
Full textAbstract:
The use of an online crowdsourcing platform makes it easier and quicker for researchers to recruit participants online. It also allows researchers to adopt another payment method traditionally used on crowdsourcing platforms: the piece-rate payment method. This paper investigated the effects of the participants’ location, the payment method, and the compensation rate on subjective experience, motivation, and perceived payment fairness. This paper extends last year’s paper, in which the participants’ location and the payment method were the focus of the investigation. Two additional studies have been conducted using piece-rate payment method. The data were analyzed using a 3-way ANOVA and a chi-square test of independence. The results showed that the piece-rate payment method was less likely to attract workers who were motivated to work for money than the quota payment method. There was no difference in perceived payment fairness between using a quota payment method and a piece-rate payment method.
9
Gal, Jonathan S., Mahesh Vaidyanathan, and Gordon Morewood. "Anesthesiology payment methods: US perspective." International Anesthesiology Clinics 59, no. 4 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aia.0000000000000334.
Full text
10
Robben, Christine, and Cherié L. Weible. "International Payment: Methods to Consider." Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Information Supply 12, no. 3 (July 10, 2002): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j110v12n03_03.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Payment methods"
1
Neto, Fernando Hamilton Manuel. "Cashless payment methods for informal traders." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2471.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Over the past decade there was an increase in the availability and usage of cashless payment methods in Africa. Cashless payments allow users to make payments without using cash, and offer multiple benefits to both customers and merchants.These benefits include reduced costs, improved sales, improved security, convenience, etc. However, despite the increased variety, availability and popularity of cashless payment solutions in Africa, the usage of cashless payments methods in Africa is still mostly limited to money remittance and retail payments. While formal traders such as retailers are slowly adopting and reaping the benefits of cashless payments, the large majority of informal traders across the continent are yet to adopt cashless payments and still limited to use cash as their main (and often only) payment method. How cash and cashless payment methods differ from the informal trader’s point of view is not known yet; this study seeks to understand why cashless payment methods are yet to gain popularity amongst informal traders and meanwhile cash is widely adopted and used. This research analyses the characteristics, needs and limitations of informal traders and evaluates the ability of both cash and cashless payment methods to satisfy their payment needs.
2
Aderam, Henry Ndejapo Tshapumba. "Consumer protection in online payment methods." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73435.
Full textAbstract:
This research focuses on online payment methods which are premised on electronic funds transfer. It is a general discourse that the use of online payment methods is risky. It is held that the fear of fraud and abuse of a payment system is at the focal point of such risk.
Banks which provide these payment systems are usually not prepared to negotiate with their prospective customers. Resultantly, banks contract out of the risk associated with online payments, specifically the liability for unauthorized electronic funds transfers. This culminates in bank’s customers bearing the majority of that risk as a result of the bank-customer contract.
Some of the laws applicable to this relationship also ascribe to the notion above. They burden bank’s customers solely with the liability of the use of their cards until notification to the bank of its theft or misuse. This shows a completed disregard of the nature of how online payment methods operate.
Such imposition of liability is excessively one-sided in favour of the banks and detrimental to the bank’s customers. Ultimately, the scope of application of the current applicable consumer protection laws is limited by factors such as non-applicability to juristic persons or limitation based on asset value for those that do. This thus denotes a large segment of online payment methods users who cannot avail themselves to measures of protection provided for by the current applicable consumer protection laws.
The research aims to avert the issues as demonstrated above, provide clarity in pursuit of equity and compliance, plus a comprehensive consumer protection approach for online payment methods users.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
3
Bergling, Oscar. "Evaluation of machine learning methods to predict payment preferences." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264504.
Full textAbstract:
The last couple of years machine learning has seen a renaissance, with Artificial Neural Networks in particular rising to prominence. The technology is being adopted by more and more businesses, with varying degrees of success. Klarna has already been experimenting with machine learning to predict payment preferences, however currently a hybrid between ad-hoc rules and a random forest model is being used in production. This report aims to find out if a pure machine learning algorithm can outperform a hybrid system for this purpose. To achieve this, four methods were tested; Random Forest, Artificial Neural Net- work, Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression model. Three of these models outperformed the model in production. Best of these were the Artificial Neural Network which, with a cutoff threshold designed to achieve the same precision, achieved 10 percentage points higher recall. By combining the probabilities produced by an Artificial Neural Network and a Random Forest, even better results could be achieved. That method achieved 11.5 percentage points higher recall than production results with the same precision. It could be shown that the two methods had different strengths and were good at classifying different examples.Explosionen av maskininlärning, och Artificiella Neurala Nätverk i synnerhet, har resulterat i att tekniken appliceras på allt fler användningsområden. Klarna har redan experimenterat med maskininlärning för att förutsäga betalmetoder, men för närvarande används en hybrid av regler och en Random-Forest modell. Denna rapport ämnar att utreda om en ren maskininlärningsmetod kan överträffa den nuvarande hybridmetoden. För att göra detta testades fyra olika metoder, Random Forest, Neurala Nätverk, Support Vector Machines och Logistic Regression. Det visade sig att tre av dessa presterade bättre än modellen i produktion. Bäst av alla metoder var Neurala Nätverk som var 10 procentenheter bättre än modellen i produktion i recall, med samma precision. Genom att kombinera sannolikheterna från en Random Forest samt ett Neuralt Nätverk kunde ännu bättre resultat uppnås, 11.5 procentenheter bättre i recall än modellen i produktion till samma precision.
4
Lundh, Maxim, and Alexander Svensson. "Exploring the Consumer Adoption of Alternative E-payment Methods : A study of the Swedish market." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39656.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors of adoption within alternative e-payments methods, and gain a deeper understanding of the reasons to why these factors affect the consumer’s adoption. This will be conducted through empirical research, as well as looking into previous theory in order to propose a research framework that is appropriately adapted to the specific phenomenon of alternative e-payments. Problem: The substantial growth of e-commerce, and the limitations within conventional card payment has paved way for the development of new and innovative alternative e-payment methods. Past research point towards that, there are gaps in literature, where there is a lack of qualitative studies within the field. Furthermore, Sweden is one of the nations with the highest level of innovativeness, as well as e-commerce usage making it an appropriate market to analyze. Method and Methodology: By applying an intepretevism paradigm, this research views knowledge from a subjective viewpoint. The primary data is collected through a qualitative approach, using one-to-one semi structured interviews, in order to obtain deeper a response. The gathered data is later on analyzed and compared with the previous research within the field. Findings: The findings of this thesis identifies the factors of adoption within alternative e-payments and why they have an affect. Certain factors seemed to be of greater importance than others, and many of the factors held similarities showing their interdependent nature. Furthermore, new factors were identified as well as the factors being highly context specific, identifying gaps that should be addressed in future research.
5
Bedecs, Jakub. "Návrh platebních možností elektronického obchodu firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224455.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis deals with the design of a suitable payment system for a newly emerging e-shop. It analyzes the e-business environment and informs about existing payment methods, their advantages and disadvantages. Last but not least, this thesis deals with the development of electronic payments in the Czech Republic. The main part of the work is the analysis of various payment methods and their comparison on several levels.
6
Taylor-King, Darlean. "Parental payment abuse within the Supplemental Security Income program." ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/642.
Full textAbstract:
Management of Social Security Administration (SSA) has been challenged by the phenomena of overpayments with its Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Oversight authorities of SSA had expressed concerns about the overpayment abuse caused by parents as representative payees for disabled minor children. It was important to address this problem because the amount of overpayments prior to 1998 had caused integrity issues for management of SSA and increased federal debt from SSI claimants. The purpose of this study was to examine how management of SSA and the SSI program had responded to the concerns of the oversight authorities. Theoretical foundations for this study were based on systems concepts and theories as basic rationale for the examination of feedback from systems operation and for organizational learning about the phenomena of overpayments. This study employed a case study methodology using an approach that examined the SSI program and its operational procedures. The questions for this study involved inquiries into processes and procedures that were developed for improving payment accuracy of SSI claims. Data analysis was performed by comparing the change in overpayment amounts to the implementation of different technological and operational procedures for the SSI program over time using time series analysis. The results of this study suggested that technology that allows sharing communications between federal and state governmental organizations improved overpayment detection and collection for the SSI program. This sharing provided positive social change that could have implications for improved operational efficiency in many other social service programs in the United States.
7
Henning, Andreas, and Christopher Nordin. "Combating Illicit Financial Transactions : Categorisation and Risk Assessment of Non-Traditional Payment Methods." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152677.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a framework for categorisation and risk assessment of non-traditional payment methods used for illicit purchases. The non-profit organisation Financial Coalition is working to prevent such transactions for child abusive material, and has expressed a desire to involve non- traditional payment methods in its operations. In order to do this, it has been necessary to understand the available options on this market, and what alternatives to include. An investigation of desirable properties for commercial and illicit use of payment methods was done using a qualitative approach, involving primarily interviews and online content reviewing. The findings and the framework have successfully been validated during a workshop with knowledgeable actors, as well as during a seminar presentation at the Riksdag of Sweden. On a mainly commercial basis, observations have been made that authentication and privacy in payments will be important factors henceforth. There is also a never-before-seen pace of new payment solutions trying to address this. When aligning this commercial perspective with an illicit one, four principal properties emerge that together describe the most essential aspects of payments in criminal environments: anonymity, regionality, transaction speed, and regulatory possibilities. These principal properties are segmented and combined into a framework for categorisation and risk assessment by assigning risk values to each segment. The risk assessment indicates that payment schemes offering possibilities to anonymity, a large geographical reach, fast transactions, and are based on virtual currencies, are associated with the highest risk in terms of complicating law enforcement work. It is concluded that payment service providers receiving high risk values should be approached by organisation like the Financial Coalition and thus included in the knowledge sharing that takes place. Some schemes however operate without central control functions, which complicates an inclusion. Targeting supporting functions or developing communities could thus be suitable means for such cases instead. If the suggested framework is accepted as a working tool for organisations like the Financial Coalition, more research should be put into quantifying the risk values more thoroughly.Uppsatsen presenterar ett ramverk för kategorisering och riskbedömning av icke-traditionella betalningsmetoder som används vid illegala köp. Samarbetsorganet Finanskoalitionen arbetar idag för att förhindra transaktioner för barnpornografiskt material, och har uttryckt ett behov av att kunna inkludera sådana icke-traditionella betalningsmetoder i sin verksamhet. För att lyckas med detta är det avgörande att förstå vilka alternativ marknaden erbjuder samt vilka typer av lösningar som bör involveras. Eftertraktade egenskaper hos betalningsmetoder för både kommersiell och illegal handel undersöktes med en kvalitativ ansats, huvudsakligen genom intervjuer och analys av material online. Resultatet och det framtagna ramverket har framgångsrikt validerats under en workshop med inom ämnet kunniga personer samt genom en seminariepresentation i Sveriges Riksdag. För den kommersiella handeln kommer bland annat integritet och autentisering vara två betydande faktorer för betalningar framöver. Samtidigt pågår en snabb utveckling av betalningslösningar som försöker adressera dessa behov. När detta kommersiella perspektiv sammanställs med ett illegalt framträder fyra huvudsakliga egenskaper som tillsammans beskriver de viktigaste aspekterna för betalningar i kriminella miljöer: anonymitet, regionalitet, transaktionshastighet samt möjlighet för reglering. Dessa egenskaper har segmenterats och kombinerats till ett ramverk för kategorisering och riskbedömning av icke-traditionella betalningsmetoder, där riskvärden har tilldelats respektive segment. Resultatet indikerar att betalningslösningar som erbjuder anonymitet, har stor geografisk räckvidd, möjliggör snabba transaktioner samt är baserade på virtuella valutor är de lösningar med högst risk att komplicera det rättsliga arbetet, och därmed attraktiva för illegalt användande. Det har konstaterats att betalningsleverantörer med höga riskvärden bör inkluderas i organisationer likt Finanskoalitionen, och därmed få tillgång till den kunskapsspridning som sker inom ämnet. Vissa lösningar är dock uppbyggda utan centrala styr- eller kontrollfunktioner vilket försvårar samarbetet. I dessa fall är det istället mer lämpligt att samverka med angränsande funktioner eller utvecklarnätverk. Om det föreslagna ramverket godtas som arbetsverktyg bör vidare studier framförallt fokusera på att kvantifiera tilldelade riskvärden mer utförligt.
8
Krolikowski, Aaron Michael. "Mobile-enabled payment methods and public service delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07feeaf5-fde9-4fc0-a86a-112fd78fb402.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid expansions of mobile communication technologies across sub-Saharan Africa have generated considerable optimism regarding their impact on socioeconomic development outcomes. Key payment applications, such as mobile-enabled payment instruments (i.e. SMS-based mobile money and wireless pay point services) are experiencing substantial adoption in East Africa and Dar es Salaam was the first city in sub-Saharan Africa to integrate these payment instruments into the urban water sector in mid-2009. Tanzania's largest city is demonstrative of the potential of mobile communication technologies to overcome water provision challenges such as inefficient billing and collection systems and revenue under-collection. This thesis uses Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) as an organising theoretical perspective to examine relationships between the use of mobile-enabled payment methods for water bill payments and customer payment behaviours, water utility performance, and access to water services. Data were collected using a survey methodology that tested hypotheses related to financial sustainability, petty corruption, satisfaction and service quality in payment practices, and neighbourhood resale in the informal water sector. Data sources include a survey administered to a stratified random sample of 1097 water utility customers; 42 semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders within the water sector and telecommunications industry; and a unique water payments database with information on approximately 1,000,000 water-related transactions made by over 106,000 customers. Qualitative and quantitative analyses provide evidence that the use of mobile-enabled payment methods can significantly improve customer payment behaviours (i.e. frequency of payment, annual revenue collection per customer), reduce opportunities for petty corruption (i.e. theft, bribery, and record-keeping), and support better access to improved water sources by unconnected households through neighbourhood resale practices. Implications for urban water provision in sub-Saharan Africa include higher collection efficiencies, more active customer bases, and wider direct and indirect reliance on utility-provided services. This thesis also contributes to ICTD scholarship by providing evidence that the use of mobile-enabled payment methods represents a disruptive transformation that enables more extensive and active citizen participation in the billing and payment processes of public service provision.
9
Eriksson-Asp, Ebba, and Berglund Katarina Inta. "Betala nu, senare eller lite då och då : En kvalitativ studie om betalningsmetoders betydelse för svenska konsumenters köpprocess online." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46039.
Full textAbstract:
The growing e-commerce market has fundamentally changed the consumption behaviors among swedes, and it is more popular than ever for people to carry out their everyday transactions online. These new shopping opportunities place different demands on the consumer compared to traditional shopping, and the consumer behavior has come to include more analysis regarding risk and security especially when it comes to the final payment step. This study therefore aims to create an understanding of consumers' experience of the importance of payment methods during the online buying process. To execute this aqualitative approach was used where the data collection has been carried out through method triangulation, in the form of a combination of observations together with semi-structured interviews. A total of 10 purchase interviews were made with respondents aged 26 - 59, where the participants fictitiously made an optional product purchase online, which they simultaneously verbally described through sharing their thoughts and motivations for their actions in the process. The observations were complemented with interviews to confirm the buying process but also to achieve an in-depth understanding of their behavior. Results show that most of the respondents generally value the benefits that different payment methods provide when buying online, because it facilitates smooth and secure online transactions. Half of the participants prefer to pay directly for online purchases, while the other half prefer to pay after the product has been delivered, but it varies in what way these preferences affect their behavior during the buying process. Most of the respondents appear to place less emphasis on specific payment options during the buying process and devote more focus to other factors. It is shown that only three out of ten respondents value the payment method (invoice via Klarna) as a significant factor in their buying process in a way that they experience this influencing their choice of website. Part of the conclusion is that the result shows tendencies that the importance of payment methods in the online buying process varies with the type of purchase situation the payment takes place in, related to the consumer's perceived uncertainty about the purchase.
10
Dowman, Charles Sydney. "Investigating social grant payment methods for old age grant recipients in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86633.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research focuses on social assistance within the context of the developmental state. In South Africa, the Social Assistance Act, 2004 (Act No.13 of 2004) makes provision for the administration of social assistance and the payment of social grants. The Act provides for the payment of eight grant types including the payment of the Old Age Grant (OAG). The research focuses on the OAG and the payment methods exercised by OAG beneficiaries. The South African Social Security Agency is established in terms of the South African Social Security Agency Act, 2004 (Act No. 9 of 2004) and the payment of social assistance has been transferred to the Agency. The literature review revealed that African countries in particular have followed a different path to the rest of the development world with regard to social security. There is a strong reliance on community management involvement of social protection programmes in middle Africa. The South African system is more advanced and is legislated. South Africa’s social security system is a system of targeted social grants. It makes access to social security a basic human right, as it is contained in the Bill of Rights. The rise of the developmental state after World War 11 was championed by Japan, in particular, and this rise gave effect to the Asian Miracle. A comparison of different systems in the developing context is undertaken in the study. One of the criteria from the comparison of systems is that developmental decisions should be informed by a country’s vision or longterm strategy. The research is being undertaken at a pinnacle point in the history of South Africa, in particular of the Agency responsible for the administration and payment of these grants. The SASSA introduced the SASSA debit card (Appendix I) in 2012. Beneficiaries can use this card at any store with a point of sale device to make purchases and withdraw money at selected vendors published in the SASSA merchant list on the website of the Agency. The implementation of this decentralised system is however not without disagreement about the ideal path – questions about the advantages of electronic versus cash payments; and SASSA as ‘Paymaster’ versus the use of external service providers, is still being debated. This research attempts to assist in this debate through an investigation of alternative methods to disburse social grants, with specific focus on the old age grant recipients.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing fokus op maatskaplike ondersteuning in die konteks van die ontwikkeling-gerigte staat. In Suid-Afrika, maak die Wet op Maatskaplike Bystand, 2004 (Wet No.13 van 2004) voorsiening vir die administrasie van maatskaplike bystand en die betaling van maatskaplike toelae. Die wet maak voorsiening vir die betaling van agt soorte toelae, insluitend die betaling van die ouderdomstoelaag . Hierdie navorsing was gerig op die ouderdomstoelaag en die betalingsmetodes wat vir ouderdomstoelaag begunstigdes beskikbaar is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Maatskaplike Sekerheidsagentskap is in terme van die Suid- Afrikaanse Sosiale Sekerheidswet, 2004 (Wet No. 9 van 2004) ingestel en die betaling van maatskaplike bystand is aan hierdie agentskap oorgedra. Die literatuurstudie het getoon dat lande, veral in Afrika, ‘n ander pad as die res van die ontwikkelende wêreld ten opsigte van maatskaplike sekerheid gevolg het. Daar is ‘n groot afhanklikheid van gemeenskapsbestuur betrokkenheid by die ontwikkeling van sosiale programme in middel Afrika. Die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskaplike sekerheidstelsel is meer gevorderd en word deur wetgewing onderbou. Dit maak toegang tot maatskaplike sekerheid ‘n menslike reg, deur dit in die Handves van Menseregte te onderskryf. Die bevordering van die ontwikkeling-gerigte staat na die Tweede Wêreld Oorlog is veral deur Japan aangevoer, en die aanneem hiervan het die Asiatiese Wonderwerk bewerkstellig. ‘n Vergelyking van die verskillende stelsels in die ontwikkeling konteks word onderneem in die studie. Een van die kriteria met betrekking tot die vergelyking van die verskillende stelsels is dat die ontwikkelingsbesluite ondersteun moet word deur middel van ‘n visie of lang termyn strategie. Die navorsing vind plaas op ‘n kritieke tyd in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika, veral ten opsigte van die agentskap wat vir die administrasie en uitbetaling van hierdie toelae verantwoordelik is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Maatskaplike Sekerheids agentskap het die SASSA debietkaart in 2012 uitgereik. Begunstigdes kan die kaart by enige winkel met ‘n verkooppunttoestel, soos op die lys van uitgesoekte handelaars op SASSA se webtuiste bekendgestel is, gebruik om aankope te doen of geld te onttrek. Die inwerkstelling van die gedesentraliseerde stelsel is ongetwyfeld nie bepalend en gesprekke rondom die ideale stelsel is steeds onderweg – vra rondom die voordele van ‘n elektroniese stelsel teenoor ‘n kontantstelsel; sowel as vrae om SASSA as die ‘betaalmeester’ teenoor die gebruik van eksterne diensverskaffers, duur steeds voort. Die navorsing onderneem om hierdie debat te bevorder deur ‘n ondersoek na alternatiewe betaal metodes om sosiale toelaes te versprei, met spesifieke fokus op die betaling van die begunstigdes van die ouderdomstoelaag.
Books on the topic "Payment methods"
2
Kim, Sang Man. Payment Methods and Finance for International Trade. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7039-1.
Full text
3
Barbara, Parus, and WorldatWork (Organization), eds. Market pricing: Methods to the madness. Scottsdale, AZ: WorldatWork, 2002.
Find full text
4
Riddiough, Michael A. Implications of alternative Medicare payment methods for pneumoccal vaccination. Washington, DC: Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1985.
Find full text
5
Riddiough, Michael A. Implications of alternative Medicare payment methods for pneumoccal vaccination. Washington, DC: Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1985.
Find full text
6
Riddiough, Michael A. Implications of alternative Medicare payment methods for pneumoccal vaccination. Washington, DC: Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1985.
Find full text
7
Schreft, Stacey Lee. How and why do consumers choose their payment methods? Kansas City [Mo.]: Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2006.
Find full text
8
Methods of payment, financial reporting requirements, financial reporting forms. Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Humanities, 1987.
Find full text
9
National Endowment for the Humanities. Methods of payment, financial reporting requirements, financial reporting forms. [Washington, DC]: National Endowment for the Humanities, 1986.
Find full text
10
Gordon, John S. Export/import letters of credit and payment methods: A guide for payments in international trade. Dayton, OH (Kingsley Bldg, 4124 Linden Ave., Dayton 45432): Global Training Center, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Payment methods"
1
Bucci, Ronald V. "Payment Methods." In Medicine and Business, 125–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04060-8_13.
Full text
2
Pooler, Victor H. "Methods of Payment." In Global Purchasing: Reaching for the World, 157–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5335-6_10.
Full text
3
Hughes, Vera, and David Weller. "Methods of Payment." In People in Retailing, 54–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09897-2_6.
Full text
4
Bailey, Paul. "Methods of Payment." In Mastering Office Practice, 170–93. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07876-9_12.
Full text
5
Seyoum, Belay. "Methods of Payment." In Export–Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, 263–99. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020509-16.
Full text
6
Kim, Sang Man. "Other Payment Methods." In Payment Methods and Finance for International Trade, 129–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7039-1_10.
Full text
7
Whiting, D. P. "Internal Methods of Payment." In Mastering Banking, 155–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17757-8_11.
Full text
8
Whiting, D. P. "International Methods of Payment." In Mastering Banking, 164–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17757-8_12.
Full text
9
Whiting, D. P. "Other methods of payment." In Mastering Banking, 110–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13240-9_7.
Full text
10
Bhogal, Tarsem, and Arun Trivedi. "Methods of Payment Settlement." In International Trade Finance, 95–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24540-5_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Payment methods"
1
Lazdauskas, Evaldas, and Juozas Merkevičius. "EVALUATION OF MOBILE PAYMENTS PENETRATION IN BALTIC COUNTRIES AND POLAND BY APPLYING MCDM METHODS." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.018.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to analyse penetration and use of mobile payments in Baltic countries and Poland in point of sale (POS) segment. Mobile payment or m-payment (MP) is referred to the transfer of money (in digital form) from one party (e.g., consumer) to another party (e.g., seller or merchant) using a mobile device. Mobile payments allows to pay for goods or services with mobile devices instead of paying with cash or physical credit cards. The statistical data helps us to know information about mobile payments growth. The article concerns analysis of mobile payment use in POS systems. The penetration of mobile payments in countries is different. Lack of scientific information and novelty of this article provided by this research include methods for multi criteria decision support by applying SAW and TOPSIS methods. In this study case we demonstrate the evaluation of mobile payment use in Lithuania with comparison with other Baltic countries and Poland. The SAW and TOPSIS methods supply the structure of decision making which can help us to evaluate the penetration of mobile payments.
2
Remeikiene, Rita, Ligita Gaspareniene, and Gintare Grigaliune. "The analysis of lithuanian payment market: are we stuck to cash?" In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.35.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid technologic advancement alongside with increasing individual needs determine popularity of information technologies. As a result, a number of newly-developed instruments that enable to make payments in the methods different from cash are introduced to consumers in the payment market. The aim of this article is to establish how widely cash is used for making payments in Lithuanian payment market. The results of the research have revealed that the number of cash settlements in Lithuanian payment market is decreasing. Although the number of newly issued debit and credit cards is increasing, cash remains the prevalent method of payment, which corresponds to the trends of payment in the EU payment market.
3
Tan, Yue, and Ming Fang. "Comparison of Traditional Payment and Blockchain Payment Methods in the Same Payment Point." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Social Science and Management Innovation (SSMI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssmi-19.2019.69.
Full text
4
Kunjadić, Goran, Mladen Veinović, and Milan Milosavljević. "Payment Cards Counterfeiting Methods and Pin Uncovering." In Sinteza 2017. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/sinteza-2017-63-67.
Full text
5
Ceran, Yunus, Muhammet Bezirci, Mustafa Ay, and Merve Öztürk. "Factoring and Stock Financing in Trade Finance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02203.
Full textAbstract:
Factoring is a nonbank financial institution which meets the financing needs of the enterprises and minimizes the non-payment risk and stock financing which is based on the bank loans are two alternative financing techniques that enables collateral and collection and financing to SME’s, suppliers and commercial enterprises. These two methods are important in terms of the advantages they provide to vendors and suppliers. Reducing the non-payment risk, securing liquidity to business, minimizing the risk level of sales by making them safer and increasing competition power on the market are among the advantages.
Stock financing is another method which is much more recent than factoring became a current issue in 2000’s and developed to minimize non-payment risk and provide cash flow on the basis of bank loan. In Turkey, this method is only applicable to automotive industry for now. This method emerges as an advantageous method for businesses experiencing difficulties in financing, inability to collect their receivables, and the inability to deplete their inventories. With the stock financing method, car dealers have affordable and easy credit facilities in order to make payments to the main supplier in exchange for their existing inventories.
The aim of this study is to compare factoring and stock financing method and revealing the advantageous and disadvantageous points of two alternative methods.
6
Berg, Dmitry, Mariya Demina, Ksenia Isaichik, Anton Panachev, Valerian Popkov, and Silvia Parusheva. "Competition of payment systems in Russia: Numerical analysis." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2018 (ICCMSE 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5079112.
Full text
7
Zhang, Xinyi, Guotao Hui, Qiang Gao, Xiaoya Ren, Bowen Zhou, Dongsheng Yang, and Yingjiao Bi. "A multi-object optimization model of electricity fee payment site selection based on multiple payment methods." In 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966034.
Full text
8
Yajie, WANG. "Financing Constraints, Payment Methods and M&A Performance." In 5th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200306.041.
Full text
9
Japarova, Damira. "Health System Reform in Kyrgyzstan: Problems and Prospects." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00368.
Full textAbstract:
Today all over the world costs of medical services are growing and alternative ways of effective financing of health care are being researched.
During the reforms the Kyrgyz Republic introduced a system of compulsory medical insurance, the institution of family medicine and a "single payer" system. Methods of payment for hospital services flush to an artificial increase in the number of hospitalizations and unnecessary assignment of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
The main brake of health care reform is underfunding of sector. Improving health care is possible by limiting the free medical care. The replacement of free care by paid services occurs spontaneously, there are abuses and the shadow economy in health care.
The Compulsory medical insurance doesn’t have such terms as an accident, insurance risk, and the current model in Kyrgyzstan is not a real model of insurance and serves as a kind of state-funding health care. The most part of the population in rural areas is not involved in the payment of health insurance due to unemployment.
Patients pay a fee in addition to medication, and also carry out informal payments to doctors, that is, patient with co-payments have to repeatedly pay for the same medical service without a guarantee of a cure.
Taking into account the experience of other countries, the imposition of patient payment for their own care is more just to bringing the patient for his treatment.
10
Gaipov, J. B. "DIGITAL PAYMENT TECHNOLOGIES WITH BIOMETRICS." In НОВЫЕ БИЗНЕС-МОДЕЛИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В СУБЪЕКТАХ РФ. ХГУЭП, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0753-0-2022-131-134.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on identifying and studying the technology of payment systems with biometrics for further improvement and anticipation of development, in the banking sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan, examines the key problems hindering the development of the innovative payment systems market and analyses the activities of commercial banks in the digital services market of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of information technology development and digitalization of the economy in the banking sector. Methodological techniques and methods of evaluation of efficiency of using biometric data of payment systems are investigated. Details of basic payment systems, their development and distribution in different countries are determined. Modern trends in the development of electronic payment systems and services using modern IT-technologies are presented.
Reports on the topic "Payment methods"
1
Alvarez, Fernando, and David Argente. Consumer Surplus of Alternative Payment Methods: Paying Uber with Cash. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28133.
Full text
2
Bergquist, Savannah, Timothy Layton, Thomas McGuire, and Sherri Rose. Intervening on the Data to Improve the Performance of Health Plan Payment Methods. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24491.
Full text
3
Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola, and Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
4
Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
5
Snilsveit, Birte, Jennifer Stevenson, Laurenz Langer, Natalie da Silva, Zafeer Rabath, Promise Nduku, Joshua Polanin, Ian Shemilt, John Eyers, and Paul J Ferraro. Incentives for climate mitigation in the land use sector – the effects of payment for environmental services (PES) on environmental and socio-economic outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed-method systematic review. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/sr00044.
Full text
6
Gillen, Emily, Nicole M. Coomer, Christopher Beadles, and Amy Mills. Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.mr.0040.1910.
Full textAbstract:
With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.
7
Robson, Jennifer. The Canada Learning Bond, financial capability and tax-filing: Results from an online survey of low and modest income parents. SEED Winnipeg/Carleton University Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/clb20220301.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has identified several likely causes of eligible non-participation in the Canada Learning Bond (CLB), including awareness, financial exclusion, and administrative barriers. This study expands on that research, with a particular focus on the role of tax-filing as an administrative obstacle to accessing the CLB. I present results from an online survey of low and modest income parents (n=466) conducted in 2021. We find that, even among parents reporting they have received the CLB (46%), a majority (51%) report low confidence in their familiarity with the program, and more than one in six (17%) are unaware of the need to file tax returns to maintain eligibility for annual CLB payments. Self-reported regular tax-filing is associated with a 59% increase in the probability of accessing the CLB, even when controlling for a range of parental characteristics. This study confirms previous work by Harding and colleagues (2019) that non-filing may explain some share of eligible non-participation in education savings incentives. Tax-filing services may be an important pathway to improve CLB access. Low and modest income parents show substantial diversity in their preferred filing methods and outreach efforts cannot be concentrated in only one avenue if they are to be successful. The study also tests a small ‘nudge’ to address gaps in awareness and finds that information-only approaches to outreach are likely to have limited success, even with motivated populations.
8
Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
9
Mader, Philip, Maren Duvendack, Adrienne Lees, Aurelie Larquemin, and Keir Macdonald. Enablers, Barriers and Impacts of Digital Financial Services: Insights from an Evidence Gap Map and Implications for Taxation. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.008.
Full textAbstract:
Digital financial services (DFS) have expanded rapidly over the last decade, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. They have been accompanied by claims that they can alleviate poverty, empower women, help businesses grow, and improve macroeconomic outcomes and government effectiveness. As they have become more widespread, some controversy has arisen as governments have identified DFS revenues and profits as potential sources of tax revenue. Evidence-based policy in relation to taxing DFS requires an understanding of the enablers and barriers (preconditions) of DFS, as well as the impacts of DFS. This report aims to present insights from an Evidence Gap Map (EGM) on the enablers and barriers, and subsequent impacts, of DFS, including any research related to taxation. An EGM serves to clearly identify the gaps in the evidence base in a visually intuitive way, allowing researchers to address these gaps. This can help to shape future research agendas. Our EGM draws on elements from the systematic review methodology. We develop a transparent set of inclusion criteria and comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant studies, and assess the confidence we can place in their causal findings. An extensive search initially identified 389 studies, 205 of which met the inclusion criteria and were assessed based on criteria of cogency, transparency and credibility. We categorised 40 studies as high confidence, 97 as medium confidence, and 68 as low confidence. We find that the evidence base is still relatively thin, but growing rapidly. The high-confidence evidence base is dominated by quantitative approaches, especially experimental study designs. The geographical focus of many studies is East Africa. The dominant DFS intervention studied is mobile money. The majority of studies focus on DFS usage for payments and transfers; fewer studies focus on savings, very few on credit, and none on insurance. The strongest evidence base on enablers and barriers relates to how user attributes and industry structure affect DFS. Little is known about how policy and politics, including taxation, and macroeconomic and social factors, affect DFS. The evidence base on impacts is strongest at the individual and household level, and partly covers the business level. The impact of DFS on the macroeconomy, and the meso level of industry and government, is very limited. We find no high-confidence evidence on the role of taxation. We need more higher quality evidence on a variety of topics. This should particularly look at enablers, constraints and impacts, including the role of taxation, beyond the individual and household level. Research going forward should cover more geographic areas and a wider range of purposes DFS can serve (use cases), including savings, and particularly credit. More methodological variety should be encouraged – experiments can be useful, but are not the best method for all research questions.