Academic literature on the topic 'Persistence in learning'

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Journal articles on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Shin, Joonseok, Kyoung-hwan Kim, and Jiyoung Kim. "Structural relationships between learning motivation, transfer design, learning transfer and learning persistence: Focusing on learners of KIRD research ethics education." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 23 (2024): 310–23. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.23.310.

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Objectives This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between learning motivation, transfer design, learning transfer, learning persistence. Methods An empirical analysis was conducted by a survey with 309 graduates of the Cyber Research Ethics Education program, verified the model fit, relationships among latent variables, and mediation effects using SPSS and MPlus software within the framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The following results were derived: First, the study found that learning motivation and transfer design had a positive impact on learning tra
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Mutlu, Gülçin, and Ali Yıldırım. "Learning Environment Perceptions and Student Background Variables as Determinants of Persistence in EFL Learning." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (2019): 215824401989880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898805.

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This study attempted to investigate the ability of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom learning environment and student background characteristics to predict student persistence in EFL learning. The study also aimed to investigate whether the associations between learning environment characteristics and persistence varied by several student demographics. The sample for the study included 1,365 tertiary English preparatory program students in Turkey. Regression analyses showed that learning environment characteristics were significantly related to persistence with materials environmen
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Israel-Fishelson, Rotem, and Arnon Hershkovitz. "Persistence in a Game-Based Learning Environment: The Case of Elementary School Students Learning Computational Thinking." Journal of Educational Computing Research 58, no. 5 (2019): 891–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633119887187.

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Persistence has proven to be a great challenge in online learning environments. Gaming and interactivity have been suggested as essential features in reducing dropout and increasing persistence in online learning. Yet in interactive game-based learning environments, persistence in moving forward in the game may come at the expense of investing in each of the game’s levels. That is, the motivation to complete the game may have a deleterious effect on learning at specific levels and hence on learning from the game in general. Therefore, we have chosen to focus on microlevel persistence (i.e., pe
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Brigstocke, Phillipa. "ENs learning that persistence pays." Nursing Standard 6, no. 24 (1992): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.24.41.s44.

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McGivney*, Veronica. "Understanding persistence in adult learning." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning 19, no. 1 (2004): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268051042000177836.

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Milani, Fabio. "Expectations, learning and macroeconomic persistence." Journal of Monetary Economics 54, no. 7 (2007): 2065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.11.007.

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Harber, Philip, Jing Su, and Cheng Cheng Hu. "Persistence of Respirator Use Learning." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11, no. 12 (2014): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2014.925115.

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Mukhoiyaroh, Mukhoiyaroh, and Yahya Aziz. "Learning Persistence from an Islamic Perspective; Instrument Development Study and Its Correlation with Learning Outcomes." QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 15, no. 2 (2023): 1019–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i2.3590.

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Persistence is important for students to form a personality with tough character in facing difficulties based on faith in Allah SWT. This study aims to develop an Islamic Perspective Learning Persistence instrument and find its correlation with learning outcomes. This research approach is quantitative research using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The development of the Islamic Perspective Learning Persistence instrument is then carried out to study the effect of Islamic perspective learning persistence on learning outcomes with multiple linear regression tests. Respondents are students at
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Samputri, Salma, and Hamidah Suryani. "The Using Effect of Blended Learning on Students’ Persistence and Learning Outcomes." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 8 (2024): 5961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i8.8437.

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This study aims to determine how the using effect of blended learning on students’ persistence and learning outcomes. This type of research is experiment. The independent variable is blended learning while the dependent variables are students’ persistence and learning outcomes. The population is all year seven students of SMPN 1 Kalukku Maumuju Regency of West Sulawesi province which is consists of 146 students divided into five study groups. The sampling technique is random sampling technique to get two study groups where one of them was choosen as the control class and the other class as the
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Jang, Han-byeol, and Jin-mo Kim. "The Structural Relationship Between Professor's Support, Academic Self-Efficacy, Learning Engagement, Major Satisfaction and Academic Persistence Intention of Junior College Freshmen." Korean Society for the Study of Vocational Education 42, no. 6 (2023): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37210/jver.2023.42.6.25.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the structural relationship between professor's support, academic self-efficacy, learning engagement, major satisfaction and academic persistence intention of junior college freshmen. The survey instruments used were those developed in previous studies, with confirmed reliability and validity, and 476 questionnaires were used for analysis. Data analysis included reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, normality analysis, and multicollinearity analysis using IBM SPSS 23.0. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Scalese, Ellen R. "A Model to Increase Persistence in Postsecondary Online Learning." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/820.

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High attrition rates are of serious administrative and public relations concerns for higher education institutions. High attrition rates could be an indication of permanently failing organizations, those whose performances, by any standard, fan short of expectations. It is imperative that colleges identify what leads distance education (DE) students to drop out so that appropriate preventative measures may be taken. There have been innumerable studies done on improving the quality of DE and on the subject of student attrition. However, two important factors remain unexplored. The development o
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Mella, Alessandro <1992&gt. "Non-topological persistence for data analysis and machine learning." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9809/1/Thesis_reviewed.pdf.

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This thesis main objective is to study possible applications of the generalisation of persistence theory introduced in [1], [2]. This generalisation extends the notion of persistence to a wider categorical setting, avoiding constructing secondary structures as topological spaces. The first field analysed is graph theory. At first, we studied which classical graph theory invariants could be used as rank function. Another aspect analysed in this thesis is the extension of the study of connectivity in graphs from a persistence viewpoint started in [1] to oriented graphs. Moreover, we studied h
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Svedberg, Mary Kathryn. "Self-Directed Learning and Persistence in Online Asynchronous Undergraduate Programs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26666.

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The retention literature concerning online education suggests a dropout crisis among most institutions offering online courses and programs. Despite the fact that online courses and programs are making it easier than ever before for students to have access to college education, students are dropping out of online classes at a much faster pace than the traditional brick and mortar or on-ground classes. It would benefit these institutions to understand why students are not finishing their courses in an effort to improve persistence and therefore retention in online education. Furthermore, to
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Roch, Laura K. "Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Persistence Factors at Higher Learning Institutions." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1559303816334006.

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Maier, Michelle Filomena. "The Differential Role of Initiative and Persistence in Early Childhood." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/154.

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This study examined the relationship of two important learning behaviors, persistence and initiative, and three- to five-year-old low-income preschool children?s school readiness outcomes. The sample consisted of 196 children from two urban Head Start Centers in a large Head Start Program in the Southeast. Initiative was measured by the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment and persistence by the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale. Academic outcomes were collected through the Language and Literacy subscale and the Early Math subscale of the Galileo System for Electronic Management of Learning.
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Shen, Chen. "Cross-cultural Differences in Math Persistence: Exploring the Roles of Academic Mindsets and Social Goals." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108095.

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Thesis advisor: Marina Vasilyeva<br>The ability to persist when encountering challenges is critical to math learning. However, little research has investigated cross-cultural differences in behavioral persistence during math problem-solving. Furthermore, factors and mechanisms that can help explain these potential differences are poorly investigated. The present research documented the existence of cross-cultural variability in persistence and investigated the role of two sets of motivational factors –academic mindsets and social goals - in explaining persistence. Participants were college stu
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Hunt, Jeannie. "Influence of Place-Frame and Academic Integration on Persistence at Rural Community Colleges." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7013.

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Community college leaders face challenges due to a lack of persistence data concerning 2-year colleges, especially in rural settings, prompting these leaders to turn to national data sets to drive local institutional changes. The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with student place-frame and academic integration which are predictive of student persistence from the first to the second year in a small, residential community college in a rural frontier setting. Guided by Tinto's institutional departure theory, the theory of social representation, and Bassett's work in rur
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Schmocker, Mary J. "Impact of online learning on student effort and persistence in technical college students." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008schmockerm.pdf.

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Liggett, Joshua B. "Geek As a Constructed Identity and a Crucial Component of Stem Persistence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500004/.

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The fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) have long been the bastions of the white male elite. Recently, academia has begun to recognize gender and ethnic disparities. In an effort to expand the recruitment pool for these STEM fields in college, various efforts have been employed nationally at the secondary level. In California, the latest of these efforts is referred to as Linked Learning, a pedagogy that combines college preparation with career preparation. The current study is investigating the connection between what has been referred to in current scholarship a
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Moore, John S. III. "Self-regulated learning and ethnic/racial variables| Predicting minority first-generation college students' persistence." Thesis, University of Rhode Island, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557891.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to investigate how self-regulated learning and ethnic/racial variables predict minority first-generation college student persistence and related constructs. Participants were drawn nationally from the U.S. Department of Education funded TRiO Student Support Services Programs. Additional participants from the Talent Development program and General Psychology classes from the University of Rhode Island were also included if they were first-generation college students. Preliminary analyses of group differences based on minority status revealed few significant
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Books on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Cooper, David. Resistance. Persistence. Breakthrough: A photo essay. Michigan Campus Compact, 2011.

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Wlodkowski, Raymond J. Learning in the fast lane: Adult learners' persistence and success in accelerated college programs. Lumina Foundation for Education, 2001.

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Sterner, Thomas M. The practicing mind: Developing focus and discipline in your life : master any skill or challenge by learning to love the process. New World Library, 2012.

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Culp, Marguerite McGann, and Gwendolyn Jordan Dungy. Increasing adult learner persistence and completion rates: A guide for student affairs leaders and practitioners. NASPA-Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education, 2014.

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Wang, Yurou. Challenges in Conducting Experiment Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Emotions and Learning Persistence. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529601091.

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Howard, Bessie C. Learning to persist/persisting to learn: A teacher training manual with student activities to encourage persistence in school. Mid-Atlantic Equity Center, 1991.

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Naomi, Sargant, Aldridge Fiona, National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (England and Wales)., and Research Surveys of Great Britain., eds. Adult learning and social division - a persistent pattern: [a report of the findings of a UK-wide survey on adult participation in education and learning carried out for NIACE by Research Surveys of Great Britain (RSGB)]. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education [2002., 2003.

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Northern Ireland. Department of Education. Education and Training Inspectorate. Report of a survey of provision for pupils with severe learning difficulties and persistent and challenging behaviours in special schools in Northern Ireland: Inspected: June 2004. Education and Training Inspectorate, Department of Education for Northern Ireland, 2004.

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Naidoo, Mahandra, Sylvain Baffi, and Nada Aridhi. Developing effective digital case management systems for labour dispute prevention and resolution institutions. ILO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54394/ruqt8770.

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This working paper presents insights and lessons learned from the ILO's 2025 South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) workshop on digital case management systems. Convened in Bangkok, the workshop gathered representatives from South Asia, South-East Asia, and Southern Africa to address the persistent challenges of manual, paper-based labour dispute management systems, particularly inefficiencies and barriers to access to justice. Through a comparative analysis of digital case management systems from Australia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the Philippines, participants explored ke
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Budol, Louise Gale, and Asaf Shani. Learning Persistence or Yes I Can! Independently Published, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Dürr, Martin, and Stefan Lang. "Persistence." In Cooperative Computer-Aided Authoring and Learning. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2253-9_9.

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Izquierdo, Ivan, Jorge H. Medina, and Martin Cammarota. "Memory Persistence." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_476.

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Hinderliter, Hal. "On the Persistence of Pages." In Toward Inclusive Learning Design. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37697-9_13.

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Conglai, Fan. "Learning Expectations and Inflation Persistence." In China's Monetary Policy. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003540274-3.

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O’Toole, John, Dale Bagshaw, Bruce Burton, et al. "After DRACON: Persistence, Sequels and Echoes." In Researching Conflict, Drama and Learning. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5916-3_9.

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Rieck, Bastian, Filip Sadlo, and Heike Leitte. "Topological Machine Learning with Persistence Indicator Functions." In Mathematics and Visualization. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43036-8_6.

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Loup, Guillaume, Audrey Serna, Sébastien Iksal, and Sébastien George. "Immersion and Persistence: Improving Learners’ Engagement in Authentic Learning Situations." In Adaptive and Adaptable Learning. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45153-4_35.

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Comings, John P. "Persistence: Helping Adult Education Students Reach Their Goals." In Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, Volume 7. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417996-2.

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Mathew, Sujith Samuel, Mohammad Amin Kuhail, Maha Hadid, and Shahbano Farooq. "File Handling, Object Serialization, and Data Persistence." In The Object-Oriented Approach to Problem Solving and Machine Learning with Python. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032668321-6.

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Erickson, Karen A., Charna D’Ardenne, Nitasha M. Clark, David A. Koppenhaver, and George W. Noblit. "The Intersection of Structure and Sanction with Initiation and Persistence." In Social and Dialogic Thinking and Learning in Special Education. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175285-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Staufer, Susanne, Vamsi Krishna Nadimpalli, Florian Hauser, et al. "PERSISTENCE OF QUESTIONNAIRE DATA ON LEARNING STYLES, LEARNING STRATEGIES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1524.

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Alipourjeddi, Narges, and Ali Miri. "Topology-Driven Defense: Detecting Model Poisoning in Federated Learning with Persistence Diagrams." In 11th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013367500003899.

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Jiang, Cui-xia, and Shi-ying Zhang. "Persistence of Financial Risk." In 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2006.258723.

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Zieliński, Bartosz, Michał Lipiński, Mateusz Juda, Matthias Zeppelzauer, and Paweł Dłotko. "Persistence Bag-of-Words for Topological Data Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/624.

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Persistent homology (PH) is a rigorous mathematical theory that provides a robust descriptor of data in the form of persistence diagrams (PDs). PDs exhibit, however, complex structure and are difficult to integrate in today's machine learning workflows. This paper introduces persistence bag-of-words: a novel and stable vectorized representation of PDs that enables the seamless integration with machine learning. Comprehensive experiments show that the new representation achieves state-of-the-art performance and beyond in much less time than alternative approaches.
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Huang, Biyun, and Khe Foon Hew. "Factors Influencing Learning and Factors Influencing Persistence." In the 2017 International Conference. ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077584.3077610.

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Koujalagi, Ashok. "Proposed Omnipresent Learning for Rising Students Persistence through Learning Network." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecct.2019.8869138.

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Leon, Amelia, Allen Nie, Yash Chandak, and Emma Brunskill. "Estimating the Causal Treatment Effect of Unproductive Persistence." In LAK '24: The 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference. ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636899.

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Tymochko, Sarah, Elizabeth Munch, and Firas A. Khasawneh. "Adaptive Partitioning for Template Functions on Persistence Diagrams." In 2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2019.00202.

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Scianna, Jennifer, Luis Felipe Martinez-Gomez, and YJ Kim. "Ecological vs. Construct Validity of Persistence in Game-Based Assessment." In 17th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2023. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22318/icls2023.303447.

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Dumdumaya, Cristina E. "Modeling Student Persistence in a Learning-By-Teaching Environment." In UMAP '18: 26th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3213596.

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Reports on the topic "Persistence in learning"

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Jacob, Brian, Lars Lefgren, and David Sims. The Persistence of Teacher-Induced Learning Gains. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14065.

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Kellogg, Ryan. Learning by Drilling: Inter-Firm Learning and Relationship Persistence in the Texas Oilpatch. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15060.

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Cookson, Jr., Peter W., and Linda Darling-Hammond. Building school communities for students living in deep poverty. Learning Policy Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/121.698.

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The purpose of this report is to make what is “invisible” visible and to suggest three evidence-based strategies that have the capacity to enable educators, in collaboration with the families and the communities they serve, to create learning environments where students living in deep poverty are supported and successful. The report begins by documenting the human cost of deep poverty and how past policy decisions have contributed to the persistence of deep poverty. Based on this background, the report focuses on three promising strategies for meeting the learning and social-emotional needs of
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Brassil, Anthony, Christopher G. Gibbs, and Callum Ryan. Boundedly Rational Expectations and the Optimality of Flexible Average Inflation Targeting. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47688/rdp2025-02.

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Expectations play a central role in the transmission of monetary policy, but how people form expectations is widely debated. We revisit optimal monetary policy design in a model with behavioural expectations that nest rational and adaptive learning beliefs as special cases, and approximates several alternative expectations theories, such as myopic or level-&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; expectations. Optimal policy is a weighted average inflation target plus adjustments for belief persistence and constraints faced by the central bank (information frictions and the zero lower bound). Optimal policy is we
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Gutiérrez-Daza, Ángelo. Business Cycles when Consumers Learn by Shopping. Banco de México, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2024.12.

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Empirical evidence suggests consumers rely on their shopping experiences to form beliefs about inflation. In other words, they "learn by shopping". I introduce this empirical observation as an informational friction in the New Keynesian model and use it to study its consequences for the transmission of aggregate shocks and the design of monetary policy. Learning by shopping anchors households' beliefs about inflation to its past, causing disagreement with firms over the value of the real wage. The discrepancy allows nominal shocks to have real effects and makes the slope of the Phillips curve
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Tucker-Blackmon, Angelicque. Engagement in Engineering Pathways “E-PATH” An Initiative to Retain Non-Traditional Students in Engineering Year Three Summative External Evaluation Report. Innovative Learning Center, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52012/tyob9090.

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The summative external evaluation report described the program's impact on faculty and students participating in recitation sessions and active teaching professional development sessions over two years. Student persistence and retention in engineering courses continue to be a challenge in undergraduate education, especially for students underrepresented in engineering disciplines. The program's goal was to use peer-facilitated instruction in core engineering courses known to have high attrition rates to retain underrepresented students, especially women, in engineering to diversify and broaden
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Tillett, Will, and Oliver Jones. ‘Improving Rural Sanitation in Challenging Contexts’ Sanitation Learning Hub Learning Brief 8. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.006.

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Of the two billion people worldwide lacking access to at least basic sanitation, seven out of ten live in rural areas. Progress has been made on increasing rural sanitation and access levels are rising, but barriers remain in reaching the ‘last mile’ or some 10 to 20 per cent of the population who live in the most challenging contexts. The factors affecting the ability of households to construct and use toilets, as well as the challenges sanitation programmes face in reaching specific groups, are highly diverse. Applying one-size fits all approaches has been proven not to work; therefore, we n
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De Bortoli, Lisa, and Catherine Underwood. PISA 2022. A closer look at mathematics in Australia. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-786-1.

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The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international comparative study that assesses how well 15-year-olds, who have nearly completed compulsory schooling in most participating educational systems, can use their knowledge and skills to meet real-world opportunities and challenges. In each cycle of PISA, students are assessed in the domains of reading, mathematics and science. Each cycle has a domain that is the major focus and for which there is a higher proportion of questions than from the others. Mathematics was the major focus in the 2022 cycle. The mathematics ass
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Carneiro, Pedro, Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo, Francesca Salvati, and Norbert Schady. Disruption in the Classroom: Experimental evidence from Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013443.

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We study how poorly-behaved children affect learning and other outcomes of their peers using data from a unique experiment in Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade for seven consecutive grades, between kindergarten and 6th grade. Children with persistent behavioral problems lower the math and language achievement of their classmates. The more poorly-behaved children there are in a class, the larger is the negative effect on the achievement of their classmates. These negative impacts are larger for younger children, and they persist for at lea
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, and Haydée Alonzo. Gender, Education, and Skills in Latin America: Evidence from the Regional Learning Assessment. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013270.

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Latin America has achieved considerable progress in expanding access to education, yet significant gender disparities persist in educational outcomes. These gaps are evident in enrollment, completion rates, and performance across key subjects such as mathematics, language, and science. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of these disparities, including societal norms, family expectations, and economic conditions that differentially impact boys and girls. Using data from the 2019 Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (ERCE), the analysis highlights persistent gender-based achievem
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