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Journal articles on the topic 'Phase P'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yin, He, Zhi Hui Li, Li Zhen Yan, and Hong Wei Liu. "Effect of Zn/Mg Ratio on Microstructure Evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys during Homogenization." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8pv924.

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The effect of Zn/Mg ratio on the as-cast microstructure and its evolution during homogenization of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that serious dendritic segregation existed in the as-cast microstructures while the second phases were mainly AlZnMgCu phase and Al2Cu phase. With the Zn/Mg ratio increasing from 1.5 to 2.0, the area fraction of AlZnMgCu phase decreased from 2.85% to 2.53%, which was attributed to the content of Mg elem

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2

Yang, Fujun, Xiaoyuan He, and Liang Fang. "P-55 Single-phase-step method for phase extraction from fringe patterns." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _P—55–1_—_P—55–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._p-55-1_.

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3

Lin, Ben, Kai Wen, Yong An Zhang, Zheng Gen Hu, and Hui Qiang Wu. "Second Phase Dissolution Evolution of an As-Cast Al-4.0Cu-1.0Li-0.4Mg-0.3Ag-0.1Zr Alloy during Multiple Homogenization Processes." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6w455x.

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Homogenization treatment is vital for eliminating eutectic structure and ensuring a preferable microstructure foundation for Aluminum Lithium (Al-Li) alloys. In this paper, solidification phases in an as-cast Al-Li alloy were revealed and their evolutions during multiple homogenization processes were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure mainly contained needlelike Al2CuLi and Al2Cu phase, large size Cu-rich phases and netlike Ag-conta

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Kuno, Tomoko, Kurima Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Fujiwara. "Study of the Phase Transition from TbCu<sub>7</sub> Structure to ThMn<sub>12</sub> Structure in Newly Developed ThMn<sub>12</sub> Type Magnets Using a Numerical Analysis Method for X-Ray Diffraction Patterns." Materials Science Forum 1107 (December 6, 2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-obsla0.

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We developed a new 1-12-type magnetic material of (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co)11.3Ti0.7 composition that exhibits magnetic properties superior to Nd-Fe-B magnets. In the new 1-12 magnets, the amorphous alloys of above composition show a change in XRD pattern with increasing of heat treatment temperature from a single 1-9 phase to 1-9 and 1-12 mixed phases, and finally to a single 1-12 phase, and the magnetic properties also change accordingly. In this study, we established a method for calculating the formation ratio of the 1-12 phase in the samples from the peak shift of the diffraction peaks of the 1-12 p

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5

Seneviratne, Varuni, Roger Frech, and J. E. Furneaux. "Phases and phase transitions of P(EO)6LiSbF6." Electrochimica Acta 48, no. 14-16 (2003): 2221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00208-1.

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6

Hu, Anita, Henry Hu, Xingyuan Wei, and Xueyuan Nie. "Cooling Effect on Nano Eutectoid Phase Formation of Hypereutectic Zn-Al Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 429 (December 12, 2023): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-nse4xi.

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To understand the nano phase formation, cooling experiments of a hypereutectic Zn-Al alloy containing 6 wt% of Al are carried out under two different cooling rates of 0.04 and 10.00 °C/s. The applied cooling rates significantly influence the phase change behavior of the investigated alloy. The liquidus temperature (TN) for the nucleation of the primary phase decreases from 390.3 to 382.9 °C, and the undercooling increases from 0.7 to 8.1 °C, as the cooling rate rises from 0.04 to 10 °C/s. The eutectic and eutectoid temperatures decrease from 381.5, 277.7 to 375.6 and 267.6 °C, respectively, wh

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7

Ahmed, Abrar, Seung Won Lee, Taiki Tsuchiya, et al. "Microstructure Observation of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy with High Mg Content." Solid State Phenomena 353 (December 5, 2023): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-oa8bef.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloys with low Zn/Mg ratios have been studied.According to various researchers, the major strengthening is due to η-phase and T phase. There are many briefly research on the microstructure and interface of the η-phase types but not briefly information about the T-phase That’s why now our aim to work on T-phase. In actual our aim is to observe the T-phase interface. The MgZn2 phase (η phase) and its metastable phase (η′ phase) were the most prominent precipitates. Another study revealed various Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phases (T phase) and their me

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8

Ren, Wei Cai, Kai Wen, Yong An Zhang, Hong Lei Liu, and Tian You Zhang. "Second Phase Dissolution Influenced by Simultaneously Enhanced Mg, Cu Contents during Homogenization of As-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-310n85.

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The dissolution of second phase with relatively high melting point in as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was closely related to Mg and Cu contents. In present work, second phases in three Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with simultaneously enhanced Mg and Cu contents (named by LMC alloy, MMC alloy and HMC alloy as Mg and Cu contents progressively enhanced) were analyzed and the correlated dissolution during homogenization was investigated. The results showed that both Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Cu-rich phase existed in as-cast alloys while HMC alloy possessed more eutectic phases. As homogenized by 470°C/24h, Mg(Zn,C

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9

Li, Xiaohan, Chad B. Paulk, John M. Gonzalez, Matthew Vaughn, Daniela A. Alambarrio, and Siara Zedonek. "293 Effects of Saccharmyces yeast postbiotics on pig feed performance and carcass characteristics when included in an elevated protein diet." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (2024): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.260.

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Abstract The study objective was to determine effects of Saccharmyces yeast postbiotics (CT; celluTEIN; Puretein Bioscience LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed an increased protein diet during growing and finishing. Pigs [PIC Camborough×PIC 337; n = 51 barrows; 57 gilts; initial body weight (BW) 28.3 ± 0.1 kg] were weighed, stratified by BW within sex, and within each two-pig strata, randomly assigned to a pen (n = 18; n = 6 pigs/pen). Pens were randomly assigned one of two dietary treatments (Diet) consisting of 0 or 100 ppm CT mixed in a f

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10

Hafarov, Arsen E., Daria I. Trubchaninova, Andrii P. Burmak, et al. "Structural Phase Transitions in Al-Rich C-Doped Mnal Thin Films." Journal of Nano Research 76 (November 21, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-801jk8.

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We study the crystal structure of carbon-doped Al-rich MnAl thin films deposited on Si substrates. The effects of carbon content and vacuum heat treatment parameters are studied. It is shown that the carbon content, in combination to heat treatment, allows to tailor structural phase transitions in the films. The main phases detected are Al2Mn3, pure Mn, and pure C. As carbon content increases, the amount of Al2Mn3 phase decreases and the content of pure crystallized Mn phase increases. In addition, it is shown that as the heat treatment temperature increases – up to 500 °C – the Al2Mn3 phase c

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11

Zhang, Zhen, Xue Yu Pang, Zhao Yang Ma, and Jian Kun Qin. "Impacts of Abnormal Nanoindentation Points on Micromechanical Properties and Content of Phase in Hydrated Cement Paste." Key Engineering Materials 970 (December 15, 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o77xmj.

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During nanoindentation analysis of cementitious materials, data points with abnormal load-depth curves are often obtained. This study investigates the effect of these abnormal indentation points (AIP) on the micromechanical properties and content of phase in hydrated cement paste calculated by nanoindentation test combined with deconvolution analysis, including the least-square-estimation (LSE) and maximum-likelihood-estimation (MLE) methods. The results indicate that the AIP is mostly associated with phases with low mechanical properties, and the exclusion of AIP significantly affects the vol

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12

Chen, Xing Run, Ji Xiang Pan, and Zhang Xin Qian. "Influence of Si and Mo on the Sigma-Phase Precipitation in S32750 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Slab." Materials Science Forum 1103 (October 25, 2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-8yyrdi.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of Si and Mo on the sigma-phase precipitation in S32750 super duplex stainless steel slab. The activity for Mo with increasing Si and Mo was calculated by the Wagner formula, and the equilibrium solidification phase diagrams of S32750 duplex stainless steels with different Si and Mo contents were calculated using the thermo-calc software. The sigma phase precipitated mainly at ferrite/austenite phase boundaries and grew up towards the interior of ferrite phase in S32750 SDSS slab. The area fraction and size of the sigma phases significantly increased w

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13

Tang, Jin Jun, Cui Liang, and Chen Guang Xu. "Effects of Alloying Elements and Temperature on Thermodynamic State and Microstructure of Piston Aluminum Alloy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 417 (June 28, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1421c8.

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Taking high power density M142 piston aluminum alloy as the main research object, this paper studies the changes of element contents such as Si, Fe and Cu, as well as the effects on the precipitation strengthening phase sequence, type and phase transformation. Based on the phase diagram and thermodynamic calculation results of multicomponent alloys between different elements, the phase transformation in the solidification process of the alloy, as well as the temperature and composition window of each phase transformation were studied. Especially in alloys ε Phase (Al3Ni), δ Phase (Al3CuNi), an

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14

Saida, Kazuyoshi, Shotaro Yamashita, and Hiroyuki Hirata. "Effect of Ferrite/Austenite Phase Transformation on 475 °C Embrittlement in Duplex Stainless Steel Weld." Key Engineering Materials 966 (November 29, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-a3k2tf.

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The change in hardness due to 475°C embrittlement was investigated in the melt-run GTA welds of type 329J4L duplex stainless steel. A ferritic phase was hardened with ageing at 673-773K due to the phase decomposition into Fe-rich and Cr-rich phases, while an austenitic phase was barely hardened with ageing. Hardness in a ferritic phase was rapidly increased with ageing in the base metal (BM) region, and the hardening rate was reduced in the order of BM, weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The ferrite/austenite fractions in HAZ and WM were higher than that in BM, furthermore, Cr conte

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15

Setiawan, Jan, Slamet Pribadi, Agus Jamaludin, Muhammad Husna Al Hasa, and Djoko Hadi Prajitno. "Phase Composition of Sintered AlCrFeNi." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x59u2h.

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The AlCrFeNi alloys has successfully synthesized with the composition of Al, Cr, Fe, and Ni at 25 atomic percent. The synthesis of this material is to obtain an alloy intended as nuclear fuel cladding for a research reactor with high uranium density. The AlCrFeNi alloys made from pressed powder then sintered at temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 °C with a dwelling time for one hour. Sintering process was conducted in inert atmosphere. The obtained alloys were analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for morphological observation a

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16

Yin, He, Zhi Hui Li, Kai Wen, Qing Hong Wen, and Ya Nan Li. "Effect of Zn/Mg Ratio on Second Phase Dissolution during Solution Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-04ua6p.

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The main alloying elements have a decisive influence on the type and quantity of the second phase of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and even on the dissolution of the second phase during solution treatment. The effect of Zn/Mg ratio on second phase dissolution during solution treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrical conductivity testing. The results showed that Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Fe-rich phase existed in the as-deformed alloys. In addition, a small amount of Al2CuMg phase was found in t

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17

Mohney, S. E., and Y. A. Chang. "Phase equilibria and ternary phase formation in the In–Ni–P system." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 4 (1992): 955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0955.

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Isothermal sections of the In–Ni–P phase diagram have been determined at 600 °C and 470 °C. Two new ternary phases not previously identified in bulk samples were found. A phase with the composition Ni57In22P21 is present at both 600 °C and 470 °C and was found by differential thermal analysis to melt at 736 °C. The phase Ni2InP was found to be in equilibrium with InP at 470 °C, but it does not appear in the 600 °C isotherm since it melts at 526 °C. The phases (In), Ni2P, Ni5P4, and NiP2 are in equilibrium with InP at both temperatures studied.

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18

Paul, Henryk, Sandra Puchlerska, Mariusz Prażmowski, Robert Chulist, and Magdalena M. Miszczyk. "Phase Transformations in Layered Composites Based on Zr, Nb, Ta or Ti Sheet Explosively Welded to Stainless Steel Plate." Key Engineering Materials 966 (November 29, 2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-s78ppg.

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The composites based on reactive metals (Zr, Ta, Nb, Ti) sheets explosively welded to stainless steel plates were investigated using X-ray synchrotron radiation, TEM and SEM to characterize phase transformations in near-the-interface layers. SEM and TEM investigations of the solidified melt regions unveiled amorphous and nanocrystalline non-equilibrium phases of variable chemical compositions, incorporating elements from the joined components. Phase analysis in layers near the interface carried out using high-resolution synchrotron radiation show predominantly reflections coming from the main

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19

Aryshenskii, Evgeniy V., Sergey Konovalov, Viacheslav Bazhenov, and Jurgen Hirsch. "Features of the Microstructural Composition of Low-Alloyed Aluminum Alloys of the 6XXX Series with Small Additions of Zr and Sc." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 994–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r1o05m.

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The study investigates the effect of Zr and Sc on the dendritic structure and phase composition during casting of a silicon rich Al0.3Mg1.0Si alloy. Optical microscopy, computations using Thermo-Calc software and electron microscopy were applied. It showed that scandium and zirconium additions facilitate dendritic structure refinement, however, the maximum effect is achieved by their combined addition. Computations demonstrated the occurance of three main phases in case of Sc (without zirconium) addition to Al0.3Mg1.0Si alloy: i) the strengthening Mg2Si phase, ii) the harmful ScSi phase and ii

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20

Chen, Li Fang, Kai Wen, Xi Wu Li, Guan Jun Gao, Zheng An Wang, and Bai Qing Xiong. "Effect of Minor Fe, Si Contents on Microstructure and Property of 7085 Alloy during Fabrication Processes." Defect and Diffusion Forum 424 (May 8, 2023): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-01405x.

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Fe and Si elements can form non-dissolvable phases in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and furtherly affect the property of finished products while the influence of minor contents lacks sufficient investigations. In present work, 7085 alloy with different Fe and Si contents (named by LFS alloy, MFS alloy and HFS alloy as Fe and Si contents progressively enhanced) was investigated and corresponding microstructure and property during the whole fabrication were analyzed via OM, SEM and DSC observation and tensile property, fracture toughness and salty-spray corrosion property. The results showed that Fe-contai

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21

Hassan, Bilal, Yann Jansen, Sebastien Nouveau, and Jonathan Corney. "Eta Phase Precipitation at Equilibrium and in Strain Free ATI 718Plus." Solid State Phenomena 353 (December 5, 2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-f9hnso.

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As aerospace engines advance to obtain higher thermal efficiencies, it is imperative to develop high temperature materials. Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy that has been used for decades in aero-engine parts as it allows for use in high temperature applications. ATI 718Plus is a newer nickel-based superalloy that has been developed with a 55°C higher temperature capability over Inconel 718. ATI 718Plus components are manufactured by forging a wrought billet in stages to obtain the desired geometry and microstructure. Parts are heat treated to optimised proportions of γ’ and η phases.

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Fu, Shu Hong, Zhao Li, Ya Zhou Zhang, and Tao Wang. "Long Time Stability of Direct Aging GH4169G Alloy Forging Disc after Thermal Exposure at 650°C." Materials Science Forum 1072 (October 25, 2022): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-nk84f2.

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An isothermal aging study was carried out on direct aging GH4169G alloy forging disk for up to 10000 hours at 650°C. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were systematically studied via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and physicochemical phase analysis. The results show that the size of main strengthening phases γ′′ and γ′ in GH4169G alloy direct aging disk increases gradually, while their quantity decreases with prolonging aging time. The total amount of γ′′ and γ′ is 14.1% at as-heat treated condition, which decreas

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23

Kreyca, Johannes, Andreas Schwarz-Gsaxner, and Sabine Zamberger. "Application of CALPHAD for the Prediction of Matrix Phase Transformations in Steel." Materials Science Forum 1105 (November 29, 2023): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-rn0twa.

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Phase boundaries of the pseudo-binary Fe-C diagram are key inputs for the prediction and understanding of matrix phase transformation in steels. The mechanical properties, of such steels, however, are often not dictated by the individual phase fractions, accessible through CALPHAD calculations, but by the arrangement of the phases, i.e., the steel’s microstructure. The prediction of these microstructural constituents requires the application of additional models, which are reviewed in the present contribution. Additionally, the current use and limitations for industrial application are present

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Liu, Qi Long, Xi Wu Li, Zhi Hui Li, Li Fang Chen, and Hai Tao Lin. "Effect of Cu Content on the Microstructures of As-Cast and Homogenized Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dnir54.

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The microstructures of as-cast and homogenized Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with 1.98, 3.66 and 5.16 wt.% Cu contents (Alloy 1, Alloy 2, Alloy 3, respectively) were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and calculation of phase diagram. The results indicate that the second phases in the as-cast alloys consist of θ (Al2Cu), ternary α (Al)-θ (Al2Cu)-S(Al2CuMg) eutectic and Fe-enriched phase. The invariant reactions are L→α (Al) + θ (Al2Cu) at 542°C and L→α (Al) + θ (Al2Cu) + S(Al2CuMg) at 5

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25

Harkat, Amel, and Redha Benzid. "Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Recognition Using DCT-CWT Based Discriminant and Optimized RBF Neural Network." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 60 (May 31, 2023): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6yc34j.

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A new method for premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detection and classification is presented. The proposed algorithm is constituted of two principal phases: the features extraction and reduction phase and the optimized classification phase. In the first phase, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) are applied on each ECG beat to generate an augmented features vector. For the optimized classification phase, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network classifier is trained and optimized by the bat algorithm. For the aim of performances evaluation

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Chen, Peng Cheng, Xi Wu Li, Hai Tao Lin, Kai Wen, and Ying Li. "Influence of Cu and Li Content on As-Cast Second Phase Features and the Dissolution during Homogenization of Al-Cu-Li Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 443 (June 3, 2025): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-laqpr2.

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The influence of Cu and Li content on the formation and evolution of the second phase in Al-Cu-Li alloys was investigated under as-cast conditions and homogenization treatment regimes. The second phase was characterized via SEM, EDS, XRD and DSC analysis. The results revealed that elevated Cu content promoted the formation of all three resolvable phases in the as-cast microstructures. Increased Li content significantly enhanced the Al7Cu4Li phases while suppressing the Al2Cu phases. During the homogenization treatment, the low-melting-point AlCuMgAg eutectic structure exhibited preferential di

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27

You, Zhimin, Hao Zhang, Senlin Cui, Zhouhua Jiang, and In-Ho Jung. "Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Re-Optimization of the Si–P and Si–Fe–P Systems." Materials 16, no. 11 (2023): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16114099.

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Thermodynamic modeling of the Si–P and Si–Fe–P systems was performed using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method based on critical evaluation of available experimental data in the literature. The liquid and solid solutions were described using the Modified Quasichemical Model accounting for the short-range ordering and Compound Energy Formalism considering the crystallographic structure, respectively. In the present study, the phase boundaries for the liquidus and solid Si phases of the Si–P system were reoptimized. Furthermore, the Gibbs energies of the liquid solution, (Fe)3(P,Si

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Jančíků, Andrea, Dorothea Sklenářová, and Karel Dvořák. "Effect of Water Content in the Raw Material Mixture during Grinding on Alite Monoclinic Phase Formation." Solid State Phenomena 338 (October 28, 2022): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-45620o.

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The article investigates the influence of the water content during grinding the raw material mixture on the formation of monoclinic phases M1 and M3 of alite using the Rietveld method. Four identical raw material mixtures were chosen, differing only in the water content for the grinding process. The milling process in a water environment in a PULVERISETTE 6 planetary mill was chosen for the preparation of the raw material mixture. Based on previous research in this area, a firing temperature of 1450 °C with soaking for 60 minutes was chosen. The results showed that the monoclinic M3 phase is p

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Chen, Yu Yong, Dong Dong Zhang, Tong Zheng He, Ping Sun, and L. Y. Bao. "Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature and Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Powder Metallurgy Ti43Al9V(Y) Alloy in Electron Backscattering Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 1146 (March 18, 2025): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-pz8fnd.

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TiAl alloy is a high-temperature structural material that is highly sensitive to microstructure. Different hot working or heat treatment processes can refine the grain, release stress, and adjust the phase type and distribution. This study investigates the effect of heat treatment and rolling on the microstructure of powder metallurgy TiAl alloys in detail, resulting in TiAl alloys with high plasticity achieved through hot pack rolling. The heat treatment temperature was set between 1290°C and 1330°C, with a temperature interval of 10°C, a holding time of 30 minutes, and cooling with the furna

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Hayashi, Ryota, Yasuharu Hobo, Koshiro Mizobe, Takahiro Matsueda, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Observation of Mode I Crack Growth Behavior in 4.762 mm Diameter-Silicon Nitride Ball under Compressive-Tensile Cyclic Loadings." Materials Science Forum 1085 (April 20, 2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-91zhb7.

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Cyclic pressure fatigue tests of silicon nitride ball were performed in two phases. In the first phase, compressive and tensile stresses were applied to two cracks on the ball surface, respectively. In the second phase, tensile stress was applied to the crack that was applied to compressive stress in the first phase to grow. The effect of cyclic compressive stress on crack growth was investigated through this series of tests. The results are as follows. The ball did not fracture in either Phase 1 or Phase 2 tests. The crack did not propagate when the maximum compressive load of approximately 5

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Chen, Peng Cheng, Xi Wu Li, Yong Yao, Zheng An Wang, and Guo-Hui Shi. "Second Phase Dissolution and Grain Characteristics of As-Cast Al-Cu-Li Alloys with Different Mg Contents during Homogenization." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-617938.

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Homogenization treatment is usually indispensable to obtain a good microstructure pattern and brilliant final performance of Al-Cu-Li alloys. In the present study, the effect of different Mg contents on the microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloys during homogenization was investigated utilizing optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicated that the higher Mg content changed the type of grain boundary phase in the as-cast alloy. The eutectic phases i

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32

Kong, Qiao, Woochul Lee, Minliang Lai, et al. "Phase-transition–induced p-n junction in single halide perovskite nanowire." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 36 (2018): 8889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806515115.

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Semiconductor p-n junctions are fundamental building blocks for modern optical and electronic devices. The p- and n-type regions are typically created by chemical doping process. Here we show that in the new class of halide perovskite semiconductors, the p-n junctions can be readily induced through a localized thermal-driven phase transition. We demonstrate this p-n junction formation in a single-crystalline halide perovskite CsSnI3 nanowire (NW). This material undergoes a phase transition from a double-chain yellow (Y) phase to an orthorhombic black (B) phase. The formation energies of the ca

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Lan, Hsiang-Yun, Luke Yang, Chiao-Hsuan Lin, Kao-Hsian Hsieh, Yue-Cune Chang, and Ti Yin. "Breastmilk as a Multisensory Intervention for Relieving Pain during Newborn Screening Procedures: A Randomized Control Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413023.

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The study aim was to explore the effects of multisensory breastmilk interventions on short-term pain of infants during newborn screening. This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 newborns were recruited and assigned by randomization to one of three treatment conditions: Condition 1 = routine care (gentle touch + verbal comfort); Condition 2 = breastmilk odor + routine care; or Condition 3 = breastmilk odor + taste + routine care. Pain was scored with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were collected from video recordings at 1 min intervals over the 11 phases of heel stick

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Gupta, Abhishek, and Ramesh Kumar Pachar. "A Hybrid Signal Processing Technique for Identification and Categorization of Faults in IEEE-9 Bus System." Advanced Engineering Forum 49 (May 31, 2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jkw3p9.

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A hybrid signal processing technique (HSPT) is proposed in this manuscript for identification and categorization of faults in electrical transmission network. A fault indicator (FI) is suggested by decomposition of the currents by application of Alienation coefficient (ACF), Stockwell transform (ST) and Hilbert transform (HT) for identification of faults. An indicator for ground involvement during faulty condition (SGFI) is being suggested to detect the type of fault. The categorization of faults is done by utilizing faulty phase numbers and SGFI. It is found that the proposed technique is eff

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Tayactac, Reylina Garcia, Mark Christian Manuel, Jaime Honra, and Tiago Bohn Kaspary. "Phase Precipitation Prediction in the X65 Steel Grade and Modified UNS N06625 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1145 (March 13, 2025): 91–97. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ze3t9b.

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This study presents the results of a simulation that investigated phase precipitation in an X65 steel grade and modified alloy 625 system. The simulation was performed with Thermo-Calc 2023b and the Ni-database TTNI8. The information that was gathered helps to provide essential details, such as the chemical compositions that were used in the diluted simulations. In the simulations, X65 is compared to 0.01% Nb 625, 2.1% Nb 625, and 3.6% Nb 625. The solvus temperature for all phases is investigated under equilibrium conditions across a temperature range from 400 K to 2000 K. The influences of ni

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Chen, Peng Cheng, Xi Wu Li, Yong Yao, and Wen You. "Effect of Pre-Deformation Degree on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of a Novel Al-Cu-Li Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7eq383.

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Pre-deformation is usually indispensable to obtain an appropriate balance between microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloys. In this paper, the effect of pre-deformation degree on the evolution of strength, fracture toughness, and precipitates during artificial aging processes of a novel Al-Cu-Li alloy was studied. The results indicated that the amount of T1 phase increased remarkably while the precipitation of θ' phase was inhibited with the increase of pre-deformation degree. The change in the average size of T1 phase indicated that the increase in nucleation sites suppress

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Moussa, Zahra, Lazhar Hadjeris, Labidi Herissi, Nadhir Attaf, and Nadjet Moussa. "Zn-Doped Iron Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique and Characterized for Use as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Methyl Green Organic Dye." Nano Hybrids and Composites 35 (April 5, 2022): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-av96pz.

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Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) technique was used to prepare undoped and (2, 4, 6 and 10 at. %) Zn-doped iron oxide (FexOy:Zn) thin films for use in photocatalytic applications. The effect of Zn ion substitution on structural, optical, and electrical properties was studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that there are two different phases of iron oxide, a hematite phase (α‑Fe2O3) and a magnetite phase (Fe3O4) that crystallized in the prepared samples. The nominal fractions of α‑Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases changed from 74 % to 42 % for the hematite phase and from 26 % to 58 % for the magne

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J., M. LOHAR, and H. PATEL G. "Mesomorphic Characteristic and Phase Transitions of some Ester Mesogens : p-(p'-n-Alkoxycinnamoyloxy)propiophenones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 68, Aug 1991 (1991): 435–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971126.

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Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M. S. University, Baroda-390 001 <em>Manuscript received 31 October 1985, revised 3 June 1991, accepted 30 July 1991</em> Twelve ester mesogens belonging to the homologous series <em>p</em>·(<em>p</em>-n-alkosy- cinnamoyloxy)propiophenones have been synthesised. Enantiotropic nematic meso- phase commences from the very first member and continues upto hexyl derivative Polymesomorpblsm is shown from the butyl to hexyl derivatives. The latter members from heptyl derivative onwards exhibit enantiotropic smectic mesophase.

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Coppola, Luigi, Domenico Gabriele, Isabella Nicotera, and Cesare Oliviero. "Rheological Properties of the Reverse Mesophases of the Pluronic L64/P-Xylene/Water System." Applied Rheology 14, no. 6 (2004): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2004-0018.

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Abstract The behaviour of reverse micellar solution and reverse hexagonal and lamellar liquid crystal phases in pluronic L64/water/p-xylene ternary system was investigated by rheological techniques. Samples with an increasing water content along the amphiphilic copolymer-lean side of the ternary phase diagram were analysed at different temperatures and a different behaviour was evidenced by both dynamic and steady tests for each considered phase, depending on the morphology of structure (micellar, lamellar, hexagonal phases). It was observed that the reverse micelles size increases with increa

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Hagan, Joseph, and Bin Li. "Phase II Performance of P-Charts and P'-Charts." Journal of Medical Statistics and Informatics 6, no. 1 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2053-7662-6-3.

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Hadef, Zakaria, Kenza Kamli, Beddiaf Zaidi, Salim Boulkhessaim, and Baghdadi Chouial. "Study of Substrate Temperatures Effects on the Properties of Ultrasonically Sprayed SnS<sub>2</sub> Thin Films." Journal of Nano Research 77 (March 30, 2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2rx1mg.

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Tin disulfide (SnS2) thin films have drawn worldwide attention because of their outstanding performance and earth-abundant constituents. However, problems such as coexistence of complex secondary phases (SnS, Sn2S3), the band tailing issue, and bulk defects need to be addressed for further efficiency improvement. In this regard, the present work is intended for the treatment of one of these problems. Herein, a single phase SnS2 has been obtained using an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDXs) characterization techniq

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Lin, Lu, Yan-ping Bao, Chao Gu, Wei Wu, and Jia-qing Zeng. "Distribution of P2O5 between P-rich Phase and Matrix Phase in P-bearing Steelmaking Slag." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 7 (2018): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0151.

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AbstractTo recycle the phosphorus in P-bearing steelmaking slag and use the slag as phosphate fertilizer, it is necessary to study the distribution of P2O5 between the P-rich phase and matrix phase in P-bearing steelmaking slag. The addition of MgO and MnO into the slag has no effect on the phosphorus form of existence in the slag and has little effect on the %(P2O5)SS. In contrast, Na2O and CaF2 in the slag change the phosphorus form of existence in the slag and increase %(P2O5)SS obviously. Lp’, ${\gamma _{{{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_5}(SS)}}$, ${\gamma _{{{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_5}(M)}}$, CP(M) and

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Abbas, Syed Zameer, Rashid Ali Sandhu, and Fazal Ahmad Khalid. "Structure and Properties of AlCrCo<sub>(1-x)</sub>Fe<sub>(1+x)</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub> High Entropy Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1132 (November 8, 2024): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jz3rlu.

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High entropy alloys possess excellent properties and a great deal of research is being carried out on them. AlCrCo(1-x)Fe(1+x)Ni2 (x= 0, 0.5, 1) alloys were arc melted and suction cast in strip form in a controlled atmosphere. The alloys were characterized for crystal structure, phases and Vickers hardness. A two phase vermicular structure was observed for alloys with x = 0 – 0.5 consisting of Ni rich BCC and Cr rich FCC phases while a widmanstatten structure formed in alloy with x = 1 (without Co). An increase in the amount of BCC phase and hardness was noted with the replacement of Co with F

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Patil, Hitesh, Abhijit Ghosh, and Hemant Borkar. "Effect of Individual Alloying Addition on the Microstructure and Creep Behavior of Squeeze Cast AZ91 Magnesium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 973 (February 9, 2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ix5zle.

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The microstructure of AZ91 (Mg-Al) alloy is comprised of α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 massive phase. The lower melting point associated with the β-Mg17Al12 phase results in poor creep resistance of the alloy. In the present study, the AZ91 alloy with the addition of calcium (Ca, 1wt%) and cerium (Ce, 1wt%) is cast, and their effect on the microstructure and creep behavior of AZ91 alloy have been investigated. Thermally stable phases such as Al2Ca and Al11Ce3 are introduced in the AZ91 alloy through the addition of Ca and Ce elements. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction analysis c

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Carlos de Siqueira Furtado, Pablo, Márcio do Carmo Barbosa Poncílio Rodrigues, Henrique Antônio Carvalho Braga, and Pedro Gomes Barbosa. "Two-phase Three-wire Shunt Active Power Filter Control By Using The Single-phase P-q Theory." Eletrônica de Potência 19, no. 3 (2014): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2014.3.303311.

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46

Navazani, Mohammad, Sitarama Raju Kada, Daniel Fabijanic, and Matthew R. Barnett. "Effect of Adding Minor Cu Amounts on Stability of Constituent Phases in Al<sub>x</sub>CrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Microstructure." Solid State Phenomena 357 (June 11, 2024): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hjge0d.

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A family of AlxCuyCrFeMnNi (x=0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and y=0, 0.07, 0.14) high entropy alloys (HEA) were arc cast and then heat treated for 24h at 1100֯C-1150֯C followed by water quench. The microstructure of low Al alloys (Al0Cux and Al0.15Cux) consisted of FCC and BCC phases. Al0.3Cux showed an additional ordered precipitate phase. High Al alloys (Al0.6Cux and Al0.9Cux) consisted of two BCC phases rich in Cr-Fe and Ni-Al. In the present study, the phases formed in the microstructures were evaluated in light of valence electron concentration (VEC), Hume-Rothery (H-R) and degree of partitionin

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Wacharawichanant, Sirirat, Chaninthon Ounyai, Ployvaree Rassamee, and Manop Phankokkruad. "Influence of Organoclay Content on Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer/Organoclay Composites." Materials Science Forum 1104 (November 10, 2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-k6vjpi.

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The effects of clay surface modified with 25-30 wt% of methyl dihydroxyethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium (Clay-DHA) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/propylene-ethylene copolymer (PEC)/Clay-DHA composites were investigated. The phase morphology of PLA/PEC blends showed phase separation due to weak interaction between PLA and PEC phase, and the droplet size of PEC phase increased with increasing PEC content. The addition of Clay-DHA significantly improved the compatibility between PLA and PEC phases due to PEC droplet size decreased dominantly in PLA m

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Prahmana, Rully Charitas Indra, and Yaya S. Kusumah. "The Hypothetical Learning Trajectory on Research in Mathematics Education Using Research-Based Learning." Pedagogika 123, no. 3 (2016): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.32.

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This study aims to create a learning trajectory on research in mathematics education using design research methodology to enhance research and academic writing skills for pre-service mathematics teachers. The fourteen pre-service mathematics teachers during 5 months period from one higher education institution in Tangerang – Indonesia was collected. The design research method was carried out in three phases: preliminary design phase, teaching experiments phase, and retrospective analysis phase. Initial data analysis of 14 pre-service teachers’ research and academic writing skills was conducted

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Xiao, Rui Heng, Wen Rui Sun, Neng Gan, Zhi Feng Liu, and Zheng Fu Tong. "Influence of Oxygen-Argon Ratio on ZrO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films Deposited on Transparent Conductive ITO Substrates." Materials Science Forum 1151 (June 12, 2025): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ebmbz2.

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This study investigated the correlation between the oxygen-argon ratio and crystal phase, the surface flatness and electrical properties of ZrO2 thin films The films were deposited on transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. ZrO2 films exhibit ZrO cubic and ZrO2 monoclinic mixed phases when deposited with a low oxygen-argon ratio of 5:45. As the oxygen-argon ratio increases, a gradual phase transition ZrO to orthorhombic ZrO2 occurs. Besides, the ZrO2 film deposited with an oxygen-argon ratio of 10:40 exhibits highest resistance to electric field str

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Hlobilová, Adéla, and Michal Hlobil. "Implementation Variants of the Lineal Path Function Applied to Hardened Cement Paste Microstructure." Solid State Phenomena 338 (October 28, 2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l7q8z1.

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The microstructure of hardened cement pastes comprises of a heterogeneous agglomeration of distinct quasihomogeneous domains with variable physical, chemical, and morphological features, denoted here as material phases. Accurate material characterization rests on a precise description and quantification of underlying principal phases, focusing, in particular, on their volumetric proportions and spatial configuration within the microstructure, as these affect, to a large extent, the macroscopic properties of the composite material. A realistic cement paste microstructure used in this study was

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