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Journal articles on the topic 'Phenothiazine drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Steinbrecher, Kurt, C. A. Brunner, J. M. Newton, et al. "Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification of Phenothiazine Derivative Drugs: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 6 (1986): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.6.1030.

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Abstract A thin layer chromatographic method for the identification of phenothiazine derivative drugs was studied collaboratively by 8 laboratories. Twenty phenothiazine drugs were examined by each collaborator. The identification scheme depends on the color of the sprayed spots and the Rf values relative to the Rf of chlorpromazine (RCHL) in 4 solvent systems. In 98.13% of the cases, a correct identification could be made; the remaining drugs were reduced to a choice between pairs of phenothiazines. With respect to chlorpromazine, the data showed a significant decrease in variability of RCHL

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2

Youssef, Adel F., Salwa R. El-Shabouri, Fardous A. Mohamed, and Abdel Maboud I. Rageh. "Colorimetric Determination of Certain Phenothiazine Drugs by Using Morpholine and Iodine-Potassium Iodide Reagents." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 3 (1986): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.3.513.

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Abstract A colorimetric method was developed for the quantitative estimation of 11 phenothiazine drugs. The method is based on the interaction of unsulfoxidized drug with morpholine and iodine-potassium iodide reagents. The interaction for all studied phenothiazine drugs yields a blue product with 2 absorption maxima: one in the range of 620-640 nm with lower molar absorptivity and the other in the range of 662-690 nm with higher molar absorptivity. The color was stable for at least 10 h. The reproducibility and recovery of the method were excellent. The method was applied successfully to the

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3

Khadieva, Alena, Olga Mostovaya, Pavel Padnya, et al. "Arylamine Analogs of Methylene Blue: Substituent Effect on Aggregation Behavior and DNA Binding." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115847.

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The synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives, analogs of Methylene Blue, is of particular interest in the design of new drugs, as well as in the development of a new generation of agents for photodynamic therapy. In this study, two new derivatives of phenothiazine, i.e., 3,7-bis(4-aminophenylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride dihydrochloride (PTZ1) and 3,7-bis(4-sulfophenylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (PTZ2), are synthesized for the first time and characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS and elemental analysis. The interaction of the obtained compounds PTZ1 and PTZ2 with salmon sperm

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4

Dara, Abhilasha, I. Supriya, Sk Aneesa, K. Chennakesava, and P. Sindhu. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazines for Cancer Exploring through Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy 13, no. 10 (2024): 419–18. https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i10.002.

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Cancer is defined as development of number of abnormal cells by uncontrollable cell division leads to the tissue detriment. It has the ability to spread throughout the body. Cancer is second-leading disease to cause the death in the world. Now-a-days survival rate for cancer may increase through the treatment. In this study, the cancer is treated by exploring the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of novel Phenothiazines. Because anti-oxidants play a vital role in treatment of cancer by reducing the oxidative stress, abnormal cell division reduction, decrease in DNA damage, and reduce

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5

JAYARAMA, N. THIMMAIAH K., and VIOLET D'SOUZA M. "Novel Coordination Compounds of Mercury(ll) with Phenothiazine Drugs." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Jun 1985 (1985): 418–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6318823.

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Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006 <em>Manuscript received 30 September 1982, revised 7 May 1984, accepted 29 April 1988</em> The method of synthesis and properties of some novel complexes of Hg<sup>II</sup> with phenothiazine drugs are described. Complexes are of the type HgCI<sub>2</sub>.LH, where<em> </em>LH.= protonated phenothiazine drugs.  

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6

Qi, Lu, and YanQing Ding. "Potential antitumor mechanisms of phenothiazine drugs." Science China Life Sciences 56, no. 11 (2013): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-013-4561-6.

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7

REVANASIDDAPPA, H., and P. RAMAPPA. "Spectrophotometric determinations of some phenothiazine drugs." Talanta 43, no. 8 (1996): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(96)01861-9.

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8

KAHN, ANDRÉ. "Phenothiazine-Induced Sleep Apneas and the Opioid System." Pediatrics 77, no. 2 (1986): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.2.262.

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In Reply.— Dr Sandyk suggests that the increased number of apneas seen in sleeping infants after the administration of phenothiazine could be related to an increase in endogenous opioids. If validated, this suggestion could be of interest for the understanding of the mechanisms inducing central and obstructive sleep apneas. As suggested naloxone could be tried in case of phenothiazine-induced apneas, but it seems advisable to systematically avoid the administration of phenothiazine-containing drugs to children younger than 2 years of age.

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9

Talwar, Reshu, and Rakesh Kumar Mahajan. "Electrochemical Measurements of Phenothiazine Drugs in the Presence of Surface Active Ionic Liquids." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.581.

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The present study aims to explore the interactions between phenothiazine drugs (viz. promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) and promazine hydrochloride (PMZ)) and 1-alkyl-3-butylimidazolium based surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) using conductivity, cyclic voltammetry and DPV measurements. The drugs have been found to form mixed micelles with the SAILs and thus vary the micellar parameters of SAILs as evaluated from conductivity measurements,. Moreover, phenothiazine drugs are known to exhibit redox behavior which is prone to change in the presence of SAILs. This change in the redox active behavi

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10

Takorabet, L., A. Ropars, C. Raby, and J. Charreire. "Phenothiazine induces de novo MHC class II antigen expression on thyroid epithelial cells. A new mechanism for drug-induced autoimmunity." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 7 (1995): 3593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.7.3593.

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Abstract Autoimmune responses are initiated by MHC class II-restricted T cell responses directed against tissue-specific autoantigens. Furthermore, HLA-DR expression in thyroid epithelial cells is a prominent feature of autoimmune thyroid disease. In the present work, we were particularly interested in a phenothiazine, a neuroleptic and anti-depressant drug of pharmacologic importance named alimemazine. Our interest in this compound stems from previous findings of immune effects of this and other phenothiazines. We demonstrate that MHC class II Ags can be experimentally induced on thyroid cell

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11

Poła, Andrzej, Anna Palko-Łabuz, and Kamila Środa-Pomianek. "Theoretical Study of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine Derivatives with Two Hydroxyl Groups in the Side Chain-DFT and QTAIM Computations." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175242.

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Phenothiazines are known as synthetic antipsychotic drugs that exhibit a wide range of biological effects. Their properties result from the structure and variability of substituents in the heterocyclic system. It is known that different quantum chemical properties have a significant impact on drug behavior in the biological systems. Thus, due to the diversity in the chemical structure of phenothiazines as well as other drugs containing heterocyclic systems, quantum chemical calculations provide valuable methods in predicting their activity. In our study, DFT computations were applied to show s

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12

Posso, Marina C., Fernanda C. Domingues, Susana Ferreira, and Samuel Silvestre. "Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010276.

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The molecular hybridization approach has been used to develop compounds with improved efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. In this context, hybridization of various relevant pharmacophores with phenothiazine derivatives has resulted in pertinent compounds with diverse biological activities, interacting with specific or multiple targets. In fact, the development of new drugs or drug candidates based on phenothiazine system has been a promising approach due to the diverse activities associated with this tricyclic system, traditionally present in compounds with

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13

Jayarama, M. Violet D'Souza, H. S. Yathirajan, and Rangaswamy. "Interaction of phenothiazines with nitroso-R salt and extractive spectrophotometric determination of phenothiazine drugs." Talanta 33, no. 4 (1986): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(86)80087-x.

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14

Hubbard, J. W., K. K. Midha, E. M. Hawes, et al. "Metabolism of Phenothiazine and Butyrophenone Antipsychotic Drugs." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, S22 (1993): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000292556.

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Whereas some metabolites of antipsychotic drugs are psychoactive and contribute to clinical improvement, recent studies have provided evidence that certain metabolites contribute to side-effects which can be disabling enough to negate clinical improvement as regards the psychosis. The route of administration of the drug can determine the amount of metabolite produced in the body and affect how the patient feels in response to the treatment.

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15

de Mol, Nicolaas J. "Interaction of phenothiazine drugs with human ceruloplasmin." Biochemical Pharmacology 34, no. 15 (1985): 2605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(85)90555-6.

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16

Kim, Ki-Suk, and Eun-Joo Kim. "The Phenothiazine Drugs Inhibit hERG Potassium Channels." Drug and Chemical Toxicology 28, no. 3 (2005): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/dct-200064482.

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17

Dahl, Svein G., Peter A. Kollman, Shashidhar N. Rao, and U. Chandra Singh. "Structural changes by sulfoxidation of phenothiazine drugs." Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 6, no. 3 (1992): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00123377.

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18

Liang, Taizhen, Shiqi Xiao, Ziyao Wu, et al. "Phenothiazines Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Entry through Targeting Spike Protein." Viruses 15, no. 8 (2023): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081666.

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Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought an unprecedented public health crisis and continues to threaten humanity due to the persistent emergence of new variants. Therefore, developing more effective and broad-spectrum therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as future emerging CoVs, is urgently needed. In this study, we screened several US FDA-approved drugs and identified phenothiazine derivatives with the ability to potently inhibit

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19

Wang, Xu, Alemayehu A. Gorfe, and John A. Putkey. "Antipsychotic phenothiazine drugs bind to KRAS in vitro." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 75, no. 6-7 (2021): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-021-00371-z.

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20

Montefalco, P. M. "Exposure to phenothiazine drugs and risk of cataract." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 11 (1991): 1253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90440-w.

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21

Isaac, Nancy E. "Exposure to Phenothiazine Drugs and Risk of Cataract." Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 2 (1991): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020102053.

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22

Erez, M., and D. Varon. "A New Class of Antiarrhythmic-Defibrillatory Compounds." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 5, no. 1 (1994): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-1994-050105.

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Abstract Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in humans. Currently used antiarrhythmic drugs are aimed at preventing initiation of VF by decreasing the incidence of arrhythmias which can lead to VF. This approach today seems to be insufficient. On the basis of reports that VF can terminate spontaneously in various mammals, and even in humans, we propose pharmaceutical enhancement of self-ventricular defibrillation as a new therapeutical approach. Data obtained over the last decade indicate that a high cardiac extraneuronal norepinephrine level during VF facili

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23

Marumo, Akemi, Takeshi Kumazawa, Xiao-Pen Lee, et al. "Analysis of Phenothiazines in Human Body Fluids Using Disk Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (2005): 1655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1655.

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Abstract Seven phenothiazine derivatives, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, propericiazine, thioproperazine, trifluoperazine, and flupentixol, have been found to be extractable from human plasma and urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an Empore C18 cartridge. Human plasma and urine (1 mL each) containing the 7 phenothiazine derivatives were mixed with 2 mL of 0.1M NaOH and 7 mL distilled water and then poured into the disk SPE cartridges. The drugs were eluted with 1 mL chloroform– acetonitrile (8 + 2) and determined by liquid chromatography with ammonium formate

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24

Chan, Ying Ying, Yong Mei Ong, and Kim Lee Chua. "Synergistic Interaction between Phenothiazines and Antimicrobial Agents against Burkholderia pseudomallei." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 2 (2006): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01033-06.

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ABSTRACT The gram-negative soil bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and potentially fatal septicemic disease that is endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Its intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics is attributed mainly to the presence of several drug efflux pumps, and therefore, inhibitors of such pumps are expected to restore the activities of many clinically important antimicrobial agents that are the substrates of these pumps. The phenothiazine antipsychotic and antihistaminic drugs prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine, and promazine

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25

Hsieh, Ming-Mu, Tai-Chia Chiu, and Szu-Hua Chen. "Fast determination of five chiral antipsychotic drugs using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis." Analytical Methods 12, no. 15 (2020): 2002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay02776a.

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This study developed a new method for the extraction, clean up, chiral separation, and determination of five pairs of phenothiazine drugs using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis.

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26

Poulsen, Marianne, Sujata Dastidar, Debalina Roy, Shauroseni Palchoudhuri, Jette Kristiansen, and Stephen Fey. "A Double-Edged Sword: Thioxanthenes Act on Both the Mind and the Microbiome." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010196.

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The rising tide of antibacterial drug resistance has given rise to the virtual elimination of numerous erstwhile antibiotics, intensifying the urgent demand for novel agents. A number of drugs have been found to possess potent antimicrobial action during the past several years and have the potential to supplement or even replace the antibiotics. Many of these ‘non-antibiotics’, as they are referred to, belong to the widely used class of neuroleptics, the phenothiazines. Another chemically and pharmacologically related class is the thioxanthenes, differing in that the aromatic N of the central

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27

B., N. Achar, and Bellappa S. "Evaluation of molecular weight and analytical assay of phenothiazine drugs." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 83, Jun 2011 (2006): 629–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820187.

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Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, India E-mail : bnachar@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 15 September 2005, revised 17 March 2006, accepted 27 March 2006</em> Methods have been developed for the molecular weight determination and analytical assay of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPU), diethazine hydrochloride (DH), dioxopromethazine hydrochloride (DPH) and methiomeprazine hydrochloride (MMH). The methods are based on the formation of charge-transfer complexes of the above phenothiazine derivatives with picric acid (PA). The

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28

Parvanova, Boyana, Bilyana Tacheva, and Ivan Ivanov. "Prehemolytic impact of phenothiazine drugs on the attachment of spectrin network in red blood cells." Folia Medica 65, no. 5 (2023): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.65.e97410.

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Introduction: Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and trifluoperazine are phenothiazine drugs that cause colloid-osmotic hemolysis of human erythrocytes by unknown mechanism. To clarify this mechanism, the impact of these drugs on the βsp (1.4 MHz) and γ1sp (9 MHz) dielectric relaxations was investigated. Each relaxation was shown to reduce its strength on the severing specific bridge that connects the spectrin network with the lipid membrane. For βsp relaxation, this is the spectrin-actin-glycophorin C bridge while for γ1sp relaxation this is the spectrin-ankyrin-band 3 bridge. Aim: To elucidate th

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29

Kiselyuk, Alice, Suzette Farber-Katz, Tom Cohen, et al. "Phenothiazine Neuroleptics Signal to the Human Insulin Promoter as Revealed by a Novel High-Throughput Screen." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 15, no. 6 (2010): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057110372257.

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A number of diabetogenic stimuli interact to influence insulin promoter activity, making it an attractive target for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions. High-throughput screening (HTS) for insulin promoter modulators has the potential to reveal novel inputs into the control of that central element of the pancreatic β-cell. A cell line from human islets in which the expression of insulin and other β-cell-restricted genes are modulated by an inducible form of the bHLH transcription factor E47 was developed. This cell line, T6PNE, was adapted for HTS by transduction with a vec

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30

GALONS, HERVE, MARCEL MIOCQUE, CLAUDE COMBET-FARNOUX, YOUNES BENSAID, GUY DECODTS, and GEORGES BRAM. "A convenient procedure for the synthesis of phenothiazine drugs." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 33, no. 11 (1985): 5108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.5108.

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31

Kojima, Masanobu, Satomi Nebashi, Kimitoshi Nakamura, et al. "Correlation between Phototoxicity and Photoionization Efficiency of Phenothiazine Drugs." Chemistry Letters 30, no. 6 (2001): 544–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2001.544.

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32

Tompsett, S. L. "The Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Phenothiazine Drugs in Blood Serum." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 26, no. 4 (2009): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1968.tb00449.x.

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33

Tompsett, S. L. "The Detection and Determination of Phenothiazine Drugs in Urine." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 26, no. 4 (2009): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1968.tb00450.x.

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34

Upadhyay, Kanchan, Anupama Asthana, and Raunak Kumar Tamrakar. "Sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of some phenothiazine drugs." Research on Chemical Intermediates 41, no. 10 (2014): 7481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1838-8.

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35

Serradilla Razola, S., B. Blankert, G. Quarin, and J. M. Kauffmann. "Phenothiazine Drugs as Redox Mediators in Horseradish Peroxidase Bioelectrocatalysis." Analytical Letters 36, no. 9 (2003): 1819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/al-120023616.

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36

Curry, Monica L., Stephen H. Curry, and Patrick J. Marroum. "Interaction of Phenothiazine and Related Drugs and Caffeinated Beverages." DICP 25, no. 4 (1991): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809102500424.

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37

TAKAMURA, Kiyoko, Satoshi INOUE, Koh UEDA, and Fumiyo KUSU. "Determination of phenothiazine drugs by HPLC with electrochemical detection." Bunseki kagaku 36, no. 1 (1987): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.36.38.

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38

Basu, R., and M. Choudhury. "Study of charge transfer interaction in some phenothiazine drugs." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 48, no. 5 (1992): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(92)80221-h.

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39

El-Shabouri, S. "Determination of certain phenothiazine drugs with diazotized p-nitroaniline." Talanta 32, no. 10 (1985): 999–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80221-6.

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40

Colturato-Kido, Carina, Rayssa M. Lopes, Hyllana C. D. Medeiros, et al. "Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Thioridazine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells." Life 11, no. 4 (2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11040365.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells that affects children and adults. Despite the high cure rates, drug resistance still remains a significant clinical problem, which stimulates the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs to improve the disease outcome. Antipsychotic phenothiazines have emerged as potential candidates to be repositioned as antitumor drugs. It was previously shown that the anti-histaminic phenothiazine derivative promethazine induced autophagy-associated cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells, alt

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41

Simon, Ágota, Tatiana Tozar, Adriana Smarandache, et al. "Stability Studies of UV Laser Irradiated Promethazine and Thioridazine after Exposure to Hypergravity Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 5 (2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051728.

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Pharmaceuticals carried into space are subjected to different gravitational conditions. Hypergravity is encountered in the first stage, during spacecraft launching. The stability of medicines represents a critical element of space missions, especially long-duration ones. Therefore, stability studies should be envisaged before the implementation of drugs for future deep space travel, where the available pharmaceuticals would be limited and restocking from Earth would be impossible. Multipurpose drugs should be proposed for this reason, such as phenothiazine derivatives that can be transformed b

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42

Mavzyutov, L. X. "Experience of premedication and administration of anti-shock fluids during abdominal operations under local anesthesia." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 3 (2021): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83958.

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In 1959, we performed 18 operations (appendectomies - 4 laparotomies - 3, gastric resections - 6, other operations - 5) under local anesthesia with V-% novocaine solution according to the method of "creeping infiltrate" according to A.V. Vishnevsky with premedication with drugs phenothiazine series and the introduction of anti-shock fluids during the operation.

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43

Daniel, James A., Ngoc Chau, Mohammed K. Abdel-Hamid, et al. "Phenothiazine-Derived Antipsychotic Drugs Inhibit Dynamin and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis." Traffic 16, no. 6 (2015): 635–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tra.12272.

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44

Langslet, Asbjørn. "ECG-Changes Induced by Phenothiazine Drugs in the Anaesthetized Rat." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 28, no. 4 (2009): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1970.tb00552.x.

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45

Atherton, A. Dianne, and Brian W. Barry. "Micellar properties of phenothiazine drugs: A laser light scattering study." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 106, no. 2 (1985): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(85)80023-0.

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46

Mosnaim, A. D., M. A. Salas, T. D. Nguyen, J. Puente, and M. E. Wolf. "141. Inhibition of plasma leucine-enkephalin degradation by phenothiazine drugs." Biological Psychiatry 43, no. 8 (1998): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90589-3.

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47

TAKAMURA, Kiyoko, Satoshi INOUE, Kunio ITO, and Fumiyo Kusu. "Voltammetric determination of phenothiazine drugs using anodically oxidized carbon electrode." Bunseki kagaku 35, no. 3 (1986): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.35.3_161.

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48

Mahajan, Suruchi, and Rakesh Kumar Mahajan. "Interactions of phenothiazine drugs with surfactants: A detailed physicochemical overview." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 199-200 (November 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.06.008.

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49

Mathur, Neha, Biplab Manna, and Arun Kumar Sharma. "Relationship between Viscosity and Micellization of Fused Chelates of Thiazine Drugs in Different Chemical Compositions." Current Physical Chemistry 9, no. 3 (2019): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190424145506.

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Background: Phenothiazines and Triphenodithiazines are included in the class of nitrogen and sulphur donating ligands. They have a wide spectrum of biological activities and form important class of heterocyclic compounds. Both drugs are being used as, antitumors, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anaesthetics, anticancer agents, antimalarials, antimicrobials, anti-cholinergics, growth inhibitors, and many other pharmacological agents. Objective: Present work has been initiated with a view to obtain a profile regarding structural insight of complexes of Cobalt (II), Ni (II) and Zinc (II) soaps deri

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Karimi, Mohammad, Mazloum Ardakani, Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani, Hormozi Nezhad, and Hamzeh Amiryan. "Individual and simultaneous determinations of phenothiazine drugs using PCR, PLS and (OSC)-PLS multivariate calibration methods." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 2 (2008): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0802233k.

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Abstract:

Individual and simultaneous determinations of some phenothiazine drugs are described. The individual determination method is based on the reaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPH), promethazine hydrochloride (PH), trifluoperazine hydrochloride (TFPH), trimipramine maleate (TPM) and thioridazine hydrochloride (TRDH) with complex of [Fe(Bpy)3]3+. In the presence of phenothiazine derivatives, [Fe(Bpy)3]3+ is reduced easily to the colored complex [Fe(Bpy)3]2+, which shows an absorption maximum at 525 nm. The individual method is highly sensitive and suitable for 0.3-190 ?g ml-1 concentrations

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