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Maki, Kristen M. "The Effects of Stress Induction on Pre-attentive and Attentional Bias for Threat in Social Anxiety." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MakiKM2003.pdf.
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Cavanagh, Kate. "UCS expectancy biases and specific phobias." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300600.
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There is now considerable evidence that phobic responding is associated with a bias towards expecting aversive or traumatic outcomes following encounters with the phobic stimulus (e.g. Davey, 1995). In terms of conditioning contingencies, this can be described as a bias towards expecting an aversive or traumatic outcome (the unconditioned stimulus - UCS) following a phobic stimulus (the conditioned stimulus - CS). Research into the role of UCS expectancy biases in the development and maintenance of specific phobias has three basic requirements. First, it is not clear whether the ues expectancy biases evidenced in specific phobias represent a stimulus specific response or a more generalised associative phenomenon. Second, it is not clear what dispositional or state factors might contribute to the development and maintenance of such ues expectancy biases. Third, it is not clear what type of cognitive mechanisms might underlie UCS expectancy biases. This thesis uses a thought experiment version of a threat conditioning procedure to explore these requirements. The key findings indicate that spider phobics tend to overestimate the likelihood of aversive outcomes following phobic, but not other fear relevant stimuli, and tend to underestimate the likelihood of aversive outcomes following fear irrelevant stimuli in comparison to non-phobic controls. This dichotomous ues expectancy bias is mirrored both in the evaluation of stimuli in terms of dangerousness and valance, and in the generation of harm and safety cues with regards to these stimuli. Both positive and negative mood states, but not arousal states contributed to ues expectancy inflation, and in the case of revulsive animals induced state disgust also increased reported ues expectancies. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the role of UCS'S expectancies in the development and maintenance of specific phobias, and a discussion of the implications of these findings for our understanding of the information processing mechanisms underlying the specific phobias.
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Kenwright, Mark Stuart. "Computer-aided self-treatment for phobias." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429942.
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Kwon, Remi Jounghuem. "Anxiety activating virtual environments for investigating social phobias." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3915/.
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Social phobia has become one of the commonest manifestations of fear in any society. This fear is often accompanied by major depression or social disabilities. With the awareness that fear can be aggravated in social situations, virtual reality researchers and psychologists have investigated the feasibility of a virtual reality system as a psychotherapeutic intervention to combat social phobia. Virtual reality technology has rapidly improved over the past few years, making for better interactions. Nevertheless, the field of virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia is still in its infancy and various issues have yet to be resolved or event uncovered. The key concept of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of social phobia is based on its characteristic of perceptual illusion - the sense of presence - as an anxiety-activating system, instead of conventional imaginal or in-vivo exposure techniques. Therefore, in order to provoke a significant level of anxiety in virtual environments, it is very important to understand the impact of perceptual presence factors in virtual reality exposure therapy. Hence, this research mainly aims to investigate all the aspects of the correlation between anxiety and the components of the virtual environment in a computer-generated social simulation. By understanding this, this thesis aims to provide a framework for the construction of effective virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia care which enables anxiety stimuli to be controlled in a gradual manner as a conventional clinical approach. This thesis presents a series of experimental studies that have been conducted with a common theme: the function of 3D inhabitants and visual apparatus in anxiety-activating virtual social simulation, a job-interview. However, each study is conducted using different research objectives. The experimental results are presented in this thesis, with psycho-physiological approach, revealing a variation of the distribution of participants' anxiety states across various VR conditions. The overall conclusion of this research is that an appropriate realism of VR stimuli is essential in sustaining the state of anxiety over the course of VR exposure. The high fidelity of virtual environment generally provoke a greater degree of anxiety, but this research also shows that aspects of VR fidelity is more related to the mental representation of individuals to the context of the stressful situation rather than any technology that is being used.
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Lively, Suzanne. "Misinterpretation of Ambiguous Bodily Sensations and Situational Phobias." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506927.
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Thorpe, Susan Jane. "Cognitive processes in specific phobias and their treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6697f28-16f3-4771-af14-4aa47aaaf4d3.
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Haberkamp, Anke [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Enhanced information processing of phobic natural images in participants with specific phobias / Anke Haberkamp. Betreuer: Thomas Schmidt." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047796295/34.
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Trigo, Algar Antonio Rafael. "Serious Games For Overcoming Phobias : The Benefits of Game Elements." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9513.
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This thesis analyses the benefits of applying game elements to a Virtual Reality application for overcoming phobias, with a special focus on acrophobia, i.e. the fear of heights. Two different prototypes using the Oculus Rift head-mounted display were developed with a gradually exposure to heights. Both prototypes shared the same acrophobic scenario, but one included extra features from games such as engagement, motivation or goals. Twenty-four participants, divided into two groups of twelve, with moderate aversion to heights tested the prototypes. The participants’ heart rate and the time that they looked down from high altitudes were also measured and evaluated. The study showed slightly higher results regarding motivation for the prototype which included the additional game elements. Future studies should include a different head-mounted display, which would allow a longer time of play without motion sickness, and the participation of people diagnosed with acrophobia.
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Overveld, Waltherus Johannes Maria van. "Disgust in specific phobias a dirt road to anxiety disorders /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=14318.
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Oar, Ella. "Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia in Children and Adolescents." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366586.
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Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia is a complex and debilitating condition that is associated with excessive fear and avoidance of seeing blood or injuries, receiving injections or invasive medical procedures (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). It effects 3 to 4% of adults and 0.8 to 1% of children and adolescents, and can lead to serious health consequences as sufferers may avoid seeking assistance from health professionals or receiving medical treatments for diagnosed illnesses (Depla, ten Have, van Balkom, & Graaf, 2008; Essau, Conradt, & Petermann, 2000; Öst & Hellström, 1997). BII phobia has largely been neglected in the child and adolescent literature. To date the majority of the research relating to this disorder has been conducted with adults. From the adult literature it is evident that BII phobia has a complex clinical presentation that is characterised by a unique physiological (e.g., fainting) and emotional (e.g., disgust) response. Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT) have received the strongest empirical support for the treatment of adult BII phobia. The efficacy of CBT approaches with children and adolescents however is less clear, as these youth have been excluded from a number of the large randomised controlled trials (RCT) for childhood specific phobia (Ollendick et al., 2015; Ollendick et al., 2009), owing to their unique physiological response (e.g., fainting), difficulties associated with the delivery of treatment (e.g., the involvement of medical professionals) and their arguably poorer treatment response (Öst, Svensson, Hellstrom, & Lindwall, 2001).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Wilamowska, Zofia A. McGlynn F. Dudley. "Measuring change blindness in specific phobia a replication /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1305.
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Reuterskiöld, Lena. "Fears, anxieties and cognitive-behavioral treatment of specific phobias in youth." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8376.
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The present dissertation consists of three empirical studies on children and adolescents presenting with various specific phobias in Stockholm, Sweden and in Virginia, USA. The overall aim was to contribute to our understanding of childhood fears, anxiety and phobias and to evaluate the efficacy and portability of a one-session treatment of specific phobias in youth. Study I tested the dimensionality of the Parental Bonding Instrument, across three generations and for two countries, and examined if parenting behaviors of indifference and overprotection were associated with more anxiety problems in children. The results showed that the four-factor representation of parental behavior provided an adequate fit for the instrument across informants. Perceived overprotection was associated with significantly more anxiety symptoms and comorbid diagnosis in children. Study II explored parent-child agreement on a diagnostic screening instrument for youths. The results indicated that children scoring high on motivation at treatment entry had generally stronger parent-child agreement on co-occurring diagnoses and severity ratings. Parents reported overall more diagnoses for their children, and parents who themselves qualified for a diagnosis seemed more tuned in to their children’s problematic behavior. Study III compared a one-session treatment with an education-supportive treatment condition, and a wait-list control condition for children presenting with various types of specific phobias. The results showed that both treatment conditions were superior to the wait-list control condition and that one-session exposure treatment was superior to education-supportive treatment on several measures. Treatment effects were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Overall, the above findings suggest that the one-session treatment is portable and effective in treating a variety of specific phobias in children and adolescents.
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Pouliadou, Kallirroi. "VR versus Phobias : An exploration of Virtual Reality in exposure therapy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136454.
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Interest in Virtual Reality (VR) is growing fast. Tech companies are now starting to identify its most relevant application that will make it desireable. The use of VR in healthcare and mental health, has been proven through clinical research. Moreover, patient support programs extend treatment to people’s homes. An underlying opportunity was to envision a service for remote treatment of phobias with exposure therapy through VR. During the process, I conducted desk research, interviews, a workshop, prototyping and user testing. I collected evidence to lay out the service experience and communicate the key role of the therapist in the overall journey. My goal was to maximize the leaning outcome of exposure therapy and avoid the return of fear. Focusing on VR for the mobile phone, as the most accessible hardware for the broad audience, I created examples of exposure experience, that demonstrate the therapist’s presence and the user’s interactions with the environment.
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Reuterskiöld, Lena. "Fears, anxieties and cognitive-behavioral treatment of specific phobias in youth /." Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8376.
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Krisch, Kirra A. "Approaches to Elicit and Attenuate Conditional Reinstatement of Fear for Specific Phobia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/415298.
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Exposure therapy is considered the most effective treatment for many of the anxiety disorders including specific phobia. Despite this, following successful exposure therapy many individuals experience return of fear symptoms. The return of fear following exposure therapy suggests that extinction does not result in a permanent unlearning of associations between a conditional stimuli (CS) and an unconditional stimuli (US).
Reinstatement of fear is one proposed mechanism for return of fear. A standard reinstatement procedure involves a CS paired with an US during acquisition, the CS is presented alone during extinction, the US is presented without the CS in reinstatement, and then followed by test trials of the CS. Reinstatement of fear is observed in test. While there are extensive laboratory-based studies demonstrating reinstatement of fear, there is limited clinical research on the conditions that might elicit and attenuate the reinstatement effect. Re-exposure to aversive stimuli (e.g., pain) in a standard reinstatement procedure with fearful individuals could be considered an ethical problem due to the potential for causing harm and distress. It is common for individuals suffering from specific phobia to have multiple phobias, with approximately 75% of individuals fear more than one object or situation. There is limited research investigating individuals with multiple phobias. Furthermore, an unextinguished CS has elicited reinstatement of fear with rats termed conditional reinstatement, which potentially suggests that an untreated fear can elicit reinstatement of fear in clinical populations. Accordingly, the current thesis had three main aims. Firstly, to investigate whether an unextinguished CS will elicit reinstatement of fear. Secondly, whether exposure to an unextinguished CS can reduce reinstatement of fear. Thirdly, to extend the translational nature and generalisability of the reinstatement research by conducting a laboratory-based experiment, a clinical-analogue experiment, and a case study intervention. In addressing these aims, the first experiment involved a laboratory-based learning task in virtual reality with 360 degree footage of a golden orb weaver (e.g., CS extinguished), a fancy rat (e.g., CS unextinguished) and a water python (e.g., CS -) with non-clinical participants (N = 93). The results showed reinstatement of fear can be triggered by an unextinguished CS and subsequent extinction of this unextinguished CS can attenuate reinstatement, as indicated by conditioned heart rate responses and shock expectancy ratings. Reinstatement of fear was not found for the control group. The findings of the first experiment provided the first evidence of how an unextinguished CS elicited and attenuated reinstatement in a non-clinical sample. In translating this finding to fearful individuals, a clinical-analogue experiment was implemented with 50 individuals who experience moderate to high fear towards rats and spiders. Extending the findings of the first study, exposure to an untreated fear reinstated fear to a treated fear and following virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) attenuated this reinstatement, across subjective units of distress (SUDs), avoidance ratings and conditioned heart rate responses. The third study implemented a case study method with a participant who met criteria for specific phobia of rats and spiders. The purpose of the N = 1 design was to test an intervention based on the previous two studies. No reinstatement of fear was found from post-treatment to follow up, as indicated by SUDs ratings, avoidance ratings or conditioned heart rate responses. Overall, the results of the three translational studies demonstrated how exposure to different aversive events can trigger reinstatement and exposure with multifarious stimuli may enhance the long-term effectiveness of exposure therapy for specific phobia. The clinical implications of the research program include the recommendation to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the number of feared objects and/or situations experienced by the client and to treat each individual fear through VRET or in vivo exposure therapy to reduce the occurrence of conditional reinstatement.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Stirling, Keryn P. "An investigation into the efficacy of EFT in treating spider phobia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18586.pdf.
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Woodward, Rana M. "Treatment of specific phobia in older adults : efficacy and barriers to treatment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19051.pdf.
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Chapunoff, Alexander J. "Test-retest reliability and synchronous status of heart rate recorded in vivo in children with phobic disorder." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2113.
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The present study assesses the synchrony and test-retest reliability of the three fear response systems in clinically diagnosed phobic disordered (experimental subjects) and non-phobic children (controls). Subjects (five boys and one girl, aged seven to sixteen, in each group) underwent three in vivo phobic assessments, each including a measure of self-report of fear (subjective), degree and duration of approach (behavioral) and heart rate (physiological), resulting in a total of 36 assessments. Synchrony coefficients for both groups indicated low inter-relationships among the systems. Test-retest coefficients of heart rate indicated moderate-to-very high reliability, with reliability being somewhat higher for phobics. Test-retest coefficients of the subjective and behavioral measures indicated high reliability for both groups, particularly the controls. Implications of the results are discussed with respect to the synchrony and assessment of the response systems. Future research directions are delineated.
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Anderson, Christopher Fredric McGlynn F. Dudley. "Association between fear and visual memory for central and peripheral details." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/ANDERSON_CHRISTOPHER_15.pdf.
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Hoffmann, Willem Abraham. "The determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11162006-093620/.
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Regan, Martin F. "Endogenous event-related potentials : cognitive appraisal and the 'preparedness' model of phobias." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335438.
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Winnette, Miles. "Frankel's Hypothesis of a Relation Between Phobic Symptoms and Hypnotic Responsiveness: Its Generalization to Agoraphobia." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501266/.
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The present study was designed to test Frankel and Orne's hypothesis that persons with a clinically significant phobia also show high susceptibility to hypnosis. The hypnotic susceptibility scores of 10 persons who sought treatment with hypnosis for agoraphobia were compared with the susceptibility scores of a control group of 20 persons having comparable motivation to succeed in hypnosis. The susceptibility measure was the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS:C, Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962). The groups were also compared on: a) the Archaic Involvement Measure (AIM; Nash, 1984); b) the Field Depth Inventory (FDI; Field, 1965); and c) the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS; Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974). No significant differences were found between the groups on the dependent measures. Factors which qualify the results are discussed.
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Dennis, Gregory Brent. "Social phobia and social anxiety continuous or discontinuous constructs? /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1991. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9136876.
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Boffino, Catarina Costa. "Medo de altura: desempenho cognitivo e controle postural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-10122009-114247/.
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Fobia específica de altura ou acrofobia é um transtorno de ansiedade caracterizado pelo medo intenso e desproporcional de locais altos, levando à esquiva de situações e capaz de gerar sofrimento. Os diversos tipos de fobias parecem estar ligados a diferentes mecanismos de aquisição de medos. Mais do que experiências de aprendizado ou condicionamento, existem evidências de que anormalidades no controle da postura possam estar envolvidas na gênese do medo de altura. Deficiências na função vestibular podem levar um indivíduo a depender mais de sua visão ou de sua propriocepção para manter o controle postural. Lugares altos são um tipo de situação limite onde a falta de tais referências poderiam, em tese, desencadear reações de defesa e sintomas ansiosos. Além disso, o aumento de demanda por recursos cognitivos para a compensação do equilíbrio poderia deixar indivíduos acrofóbicos mais susceptíveis a interações entre o controle postural e atividades que demandem atenção. Esta dissertação testou a hipótese de que indivíduos com fobia específica de altura apresentam pior controle postural e maior interferência entre o controle do equilíbrio e o desempenho em tarefas que demandem atenção. Foram comparados 31 acrofóbicos (23 mulheres, 36,4±12 anos) e 34 controles não-fóbicos (22 mulheres, 32,4±12 anos). O desempenho da estabilidade postural em plataforma de posturografia dinâmica e o desempenho atencional foram simultaneamente avaliados através de teste em computador envolvendo o rastreio visual de um alvo em movimento imprevisível. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: ÁREA (área delimitada da excursão do centro de pressão em cm²); CPx e CPy (deslocamento total do centro de pressão na base de suporte em cm, na direção látero-lateral (eixo x) e ântero-posterior (eixo y)); VMx e VMy (velocidade média com a qual ocorre o deslocamento do centro de pressão em cm/s) e RMSx e RMSy (quadrado da média da raiz do deslocamento do centro de pressão, em cm, a partir da coordenada central (0,0) da base de apoio). O teste de atenção foi avaliado pela porcentagem de tempo em que o sujeito conseguia seguir anualmente o movimento do alvo. Indivíduos com acrofobia apresentaram uma pior estabilidade postural e um pior desempenho no teste atencional, além de uma maior interferência entre as tarefas. Estes resultados são compatíveis com a hipótese de que anormalidades do controle postural possam exercer um papel importante na gênese e na perpetuação dos sintomas de medo de altura.INTRODUCTION: Fear of heights or acrophobia, is one of the most frequent subtypes of specific phobia frequently associated to depression and other anxiety disorders. Previous evidence suggests a correlation between acrophobia and abnormalities in balance control, particularly involving the use of visual information to keep postural stability. This study investigates the hypotheses that (1) abnormalities in balance control are more frequent in individuals with acrophobia even when not exposed to heights; (2) acrophobic symptoms are associated to abnormalities in visual perception of movement; and (3) individuals with acrophobia are more sensitive to balance-cognition interactions. METHOD: Thirty-one individuals with specific phobia of heights (23 women, 36.4±12 years) and thirty one non-phobic controls (22 women, 32.4±12 years) were compared using dynamic posturography and a manual tracking task. RESULTS: Acrophobics had poorer performance in both tasks, especially when carried out simultaneously. Previously described interference between posture control and cognitive activity seems to play a major role in these individuals. DISCUSSION: The presence of physiologic abnormalities is compatible with the hypothesis of a non-associative acquisition of fear of heights, i.e., not associated to previous traumatic events or other learning experiences. Clinically, this preliminary study corroborates the hypothesis that vestibular physical therapy can be particularly useful in treating individuals with fear of heights.
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Hoffmann, Willem Abraham. "The determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29490.
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It is difficult to overestimate the social and psychological significance of human-animal interactions. Till now, studies on human-companion animal interactions primarily focussed on positive aspects and relationships, while studies on animal phobias have almost exclusively focussed on spider and snake phobia. The problem with negative human-animal relationships in general, and animal phobia in particular, is in essence a superficial understanding of the determination of physiological changes and parameters associated with its description and treatment. The main aim of this study was to provide theoretical and physiological information regarding the determination of a biochemical parameter which can be used to enhance effective diagnosis and treatment of individuals suffering from dog phobia. A trimodal approach was followed to describe anxiety and fear responses associated with dog phobia. Subjects were assigned to two groups: an experimental group consisting of females suffering from dog phobia, and a control group. The study consisted of three experimental stages: the first stage (resting stage) measured baseline values, the second stage (preintervention stage) measured values in the presence of a dog stimulus prior to the intervention program, and the third stage (postintervention stage) measured values in the presence of a dog stimulus after completion of the intervention program. Cognitive-affective aspects were initially measured by means of the Fear Survey Schedule, as well as by means of an anxiety scale and stressor schedule during the experimental stages. Motor-behavioural aspects were measured as the termination distance of the dog approach during the pre- and postintervention stages, as well as assessed by a psychologist through direct observation of non-verbal communication cues during the behavioural approach tests. The measurement of physiological aspects focussed on the determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels during the experimental stages. The main results were as follow: • the experimental group scored significantly higher average scores on the animal, dog, blood/injection and total fear categories of the Fear Survey Schedule than the control group; • the intervention program was effective in treating motor-behavioural and cognitive¬affective aspects of the phobia response; • the effect of the intervention program on the plasma ACTH-Ievels was inconclusive. No significant differences were found between the experimental group's average plasma ACTH-Ievels during the experimental stages, as well as between the experimental and control groups during the resting and preintervention stages. The average plasma ACTH-Ievels of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group during the postintervention stage; • total stressor schedule values suggest that subjects in the experimental group have a predisposition to be generally more anxious and fearful than subjects in the control group; • two-thirds of the dog phobia subjects reported classical conditioning as the etiological pathway; • various auditory and visual cues were found to be the focal point of perception in women suffering from dog phobia; and • group qualitatively evaluated their current fear level for dogs as substantially lower than at the onset of the project. In conclusion, the determination of plasma ACTH-Ievels as a single parameter is not adequate to support the complex interaction between overt motor-behavioural, cognitive-affective and physiological patterns during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia.Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Ethology))--University of Pretoria, 1999.
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Horley, R. Kaye. "Fear of faces a psychophysiological investigation of facial affect processing in social phobia /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050922.141835/index.html.
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Gromer, Daniel [Verfasser], Paul [Gutachter] Pauli, Stefan [Gutachter] Lautenbacher, Erhard [Gutachter] Wischmeyer, and Matthias [Gutachter] Wieser. "Mechanisms Underlying Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Specific Phobias / Daniel Gromer ; Gutachter: Paul Pauli, Stefan Lautenbacher, Erhard Wischmeyer, Matthias Wieser." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236546164/34.
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Laborda, Mario A. "An associative account for the etiology of phobias without recall of original trauma S-R associations, their extinction, and recovery /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Durif, Agnès. "Phobie sociale : historique et données actuelles." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23070.
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Sardelli, Lionela Ravera. "Spectrum do panico-agorafobico : um estudo na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312099.
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Orientadores: Giovanni Battista Cassano, Evandro Gomes de Matos, Luis Alberto MagnaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo ¿ A presente investigação é parte integrante do ¿Spectrum Project¿, projeto internacional de pesquisa desenvolvido na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, o qual propõe uma metodologia para avaliar características psicopatológicas e clínicas de sintomas relacionados aos transtornos de ansiedade (TA), com enfoque especial no Transtorno do Pânico (TP). Tem como objetivo principal detectar a prevalência de aspectos subclínicos do TP em uma amostra representativa da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), Brasil. Casuística e Método ¿ Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal. A amostra de estudo constituiu-se de 405 sujeitos, equilibrada segundo sexo, idade e cidade de moradia da população da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), São Paulo. Utilizou-se o questionário de auto-avaliação ¿Panic Agoraphobic Spectrum-Self Report¿ (PAS-SR) que contém 114 perguntas divididas em 8 Domínios e 13 subdomínios. O total escore do PAS-SR (total de respostas positivas de cada questionário) permite uma avaliação quantitativa dos sintomas correlacionados ao transtorno do pânico (TP) em cada sujeito entrevistado. Resultados- A idade dos sujeitos da amostra variou entre 16 e 89 anos, com média de 36,82 anos e desvio padrão de 14,74. Em relação ao escore total obteve-se uma média de 31,61 e um desvio-padrão de 19,63. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto aos valores médios do escore total do PAS-SR em relação a: faixa etária (p=0,21), raça (p=0,59), grau de instrução (p=0,20), estado civil (p=0,21) e região (p=0,13). A diferença mais significativa foi encontrada entre os sexos (p=0,001), onde as mulheres apresentaram em média um valor de escore total de 37,45, enquanto os homens de 25,74. A análise fatorial, utilizada como método de validação de construto, indicou que o questionário possui adequadas características psicométricas. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos neste estudo corroboram os da literatura quanto aos fatores mais freqüentemente associados no TP. O instrumento PAS-SR, traduzido e validado para uso no Brasil foi bem compreendido e teve boa aceitação pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Isso permitiu a individualização de uma faixa da população geral com maior freqüência de sintomas relacionados ao TP. Revelando-se um instrumento útil para avaliação em nosso meio
Abstract: Objective ¿ The current investigation is part of ¿Spectrum Project¿, an international research project already developed in Europe and in the United States, which proposes a methodology for the evaluation of psychopathologic and clinical characteristics of symptoms related to Anxiety Disorder (AD), with a special focus on Panic Disorder (PD). It aims mainly at detecting the prevalence of sub-clinical PD symptms in a representative sample in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (RMC), Brazil. Method ¿ An epidemiological study of transversal cut was carried out. The sample for this study consisted of 405 subjects and was balanced according to sex, age and city where they live in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (RMC), São Paulo. The Panic Agoraphobic Spectrum-Self Report (PAS-SR) questionnaire containing 114 questions divided into 8 fields and 13 sub-fields was applied. The total PAS-SR score (total of positive answers of each questionnaire) allows a quantitative evaluation of the symptoms associated with the Panic Disorder (PD) in each interviewed subject. Results ¿ The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 89 years, mean 36.82 (±14.74) and the total 31.61 ( ±19.63). There were no significant differences in the median values of the PAS-SR total score in relation to age range (p=0.21), race (p=0.77), education level (p=0.20), marital status (p=0.21) and location (p=0.14). The most significant difference was the one found between both sexes (p=0.001). Females presented a mean value of total score of 37.45, while males presented the average of 25.74. Conclusion ¿ The findings agreed substantially with those found in the literature concerning the most frequent factors associated with PD. The PAS-SR instrument, which was translated and validated for use in Brazil, had a good acceptance and was well understood by the subjects who underwent the research. It allowed the individualization of a sample of general population with greater frequency of symptoms related to PD. Thus, it was revealed as a useful instrument for evaluation in our environment
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Caddell, Juesta M. "Physiological response to phobic imagery scripts: an examination of the influence of cognitive response cues and interactive presentation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39830.
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Twenty-four anxiety disorder subjects. 12 simple phobics and 12 panic disorders with agoraphobia, were assessed for physiological response (SCL, HR and EMG) to phobic imagery scripts. Subjects were instructed to image during tape-recorded scripts of standardized neutral (Neutral) and personally relevant fear (Phobic) scripts. All scripts contained both stimulus and response cues; however, subjects were presented four versions of a script which varied in response cue (propositional) content and presentation style: a version presented non-interactively which contained no cognitive cues (meaning propositions), a version presented non-interactively which contained cognitive cues, a version
presented interactively which contained no cognitive cues, and a version presented interactively which contained cognitive cues. Both diagnostic groups produced significantly increased HR and SCL in response to Phobic scripts which contained cognitive cues and were presented interactively. Phobic Scripts which contained cognitive cues and were presented non-interactively produced significantly increased arousal only in the panic disorder group as measured by HR. Simple phobics also responded with significantly increased SCL to Phobic scripts presented interactively with no cognitive cues. Neither diagnostic group responded with increased arousal to the Phobic script presented non-interactively with no cognitive cues. Contrary to previous research, these results indicate that subjects with panic disorder with agoraphobia are capable of producing significantly increased physiological arousal in response to phobic imagery. The crucial importance of imagery script content and presentation style are highlighted by the results. Furthermore, the current investigation differed from previous investigations in that the parameters of an actual therapy session were more closely approximated by having the subjects image during script
presentation rather than subsequent to script presentation. Finally, frontalis EMG did not prove to be a sensitive measure of anxiety in these subject populations pointing to the need for multiple channels of physiological measurement. Implications for content and methodology of future research studies in this area are discussed.Ph. D.
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Escalante, Sandra. "A computer instructional model designed to reduce cyberphobia among adult students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/702.
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Hamilton, Gia Renee. "Nonclinical panic: A useful analogue for panic disorder?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2155.
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The objective of this study is to see if nonclinical panickers with unexpected panic attacks (NCPs-U) may be a more useful panic disorder (PD) analogue than nonclinical panickers with expected panic attacks (NCPs-E).
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Granado, Laura Carmilo. "Psicoterapia psicanalítica da fobia: o uso de imagens em um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-22072011-161704/.
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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever o atendimento de uma paciente utilizando imagens relacionadas à sua fobia no contexto clínico. É uma proposta de um enquadre diferenciado em psicoterapia psicanalítica com o fundamento na teoria de objetos e fenômenos transicionais de Winnicott, a qual se refere a uma área para a qual contribuem tanto realidade interna, subjetiva, quanto externa, objetiva, constituindo a área do brincar. A teoria freudiana sobre a angústia é revisada desde o início, em que a fobia era considerada um sintoma o qual podia aparecer em diversas afecções psíquicas. A denominação histeria de angústia foi proposta por Freud em 1909, para descrever a entidade nosológica em que a fobia é a questão central e cujo mecanismo é semelhante ao da histeria. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir do método clínico com a apresentação do estudo aprofundado de um caso. A paciente, de 37 anos, buscou atendimento para aracnofobia. No psicodiagnóstico, foi aplicado o Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias de Walter Trinca. Para a psicoterapia, realizada em 19 atendimentos, foram compostas, junto com a paciente, duas pastas, uma com fotos que lembram aranha e outra com fotos de aranhas e de teias. O caso foi compreendido como histeria de angústia, tendo ocorrido um rápido e intenso processo psicoterapêutico. Discute-se que o imagético instaurou uma linguagem onírica nas sessões, e o onírico, assim como o brincar, é campo de simbolização. As associações a partir das imagens foram eminentemente em torno da temática da aranha, sendo tais associações comparadas ao papel que as fantasias presentes no trabalho do sonho realizado pela consciência vígil têm com relação ao conteúdo latente do sonho. Discute-se que a transicionalidade propiciada pelo imagético permitiu um trabalho de figurabilidade e, ao mesmo tempo, teria permitido a constituição de um pensar por imagens, sendo as imagens associadas a palavras ao longo do processo. A paciente conseguiu uma transformação interna, uma recriação de si em que a pulsão sexual de morte (na concepção de Laplanche) foi transformada, a partir da função objetalizante (Green), em pulsão sexual de vida, com seus processos de integração, síntese e permitindo a constituição de unidades e vínculos. Pode-se considerar que houve cura, no sentido proposto por Herrmann. Conclui-se que o presente estudo de caso evidenciou a potencialidade do uso de imagens em favorecer a simbolização e as elaborações na psicoterapia psicanalítica da fobia. Novas investigações nessa área poderão responder quanto à questão das possibilidades de generalização desta experiênciaThis paper aims to describe the attendance of a patient by using images related to her phobia in the clinical context. It is a proposal for a differentiated framing in psychoanalytic psychotherapy based on the theory of objects and transitional phenomena by Winnicott, which refers to an area where realities, both internal subjective and external objective contribute and constitute the area of play. The Freudian theory about anguish is reviewed from the very beginning when the phobia was considered a symptom which could appear in diverse mental disorders. The term anguish hysteria was proposed by Freud in 1909 to describe the nosological entity in which the phobia is the central question and whose mechanism is similar to that of hysteria. This work was developed by using the clinical method and a presentation of a detailed case study. A 37-year-old female patient sought treatment for arachnophobia. In her psychodiagnosis, the Drawing-and-Story Procedure by Walter Trinca was applied. Her psychotherapy was conducted in 19 attendances, for which two folders were arranged with the help of the patient, one with photographs that reminded of spiders and another with pictures of real spiders and webs. The case was understood as anguish hysteria and treated in a rapid and intense psychotherapeutic process. It is discussed that the imagery established an oniric language in the sessions and the oniric context is a field of symbolization, just like the area of play. The associations made with the use of images were predominantly around the spider theme; such associations were compared to the role played by fantasies in the dreaming activity, which is carried out by the waking consciousness, in relation to the latent content of dreams. It is discussed that the transitionality provided by the imagery allowed an activity of figurability and at the same time it would have allowed a process of thinkingby images, having images associated with words all along the way. The patient achieved her inner transformation, a re-creation of herself in which her sexual pulsion of death (in Laplanche\'s conception) was transformed from an objectalizing function (Green) into a sexual pulsion of life, with its processes of integration and synthesis, enabling the constitution of units and links. It can be considered that healing did take place, as proposed by Herrmann. It is concluded that the presentcase study demonstrated the potentiality of using images to favor symbolizations and elaborations within the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of phobias. Further investigations in this area may respond to the question of possibilities towards generalizing the experience reported herein
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Кубрак, Д. В. "Система психокорекції та психопрофілактики соціальних фобій у підлітків." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/21179.
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Кубрак, Д. В. Система психокорекції та психопрофілактики соціальних фобій у підлітків : магістерська робота : 231 Соціальна робота / Д. В. Кубрак ; керівник роботи Лещенко М. Є. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра креативних індустрій та соціальних інновацій. – Чернігів, 2020. – 83 с.Соціальна фобія посідає чільне місце серед невротичних розладів, які маніфестують в підлітковому віці. Внаслідок раннього початку і провокування відчуття страху в ситуаціях перевірки знань, критики або винесення судження з боку третіх осіб, соціальна фобія є особливо важким розладом для школярів. Вивчення особливостей, причин, умов формування та розвитку соціальної фобії, дає нам можливість на ранніх стадіях діагностувати хворобу, і розробити ефективну систему комплексної психопрофілактики/ Перший розділ присвячено аналізу сучасних поглядів на стан психічного здоров`я дітей та підлітків. У другому розділі досліджуються особливості прояву соціальних фобій у підлітків. В третьому розділі надається комплекс заходів з психокорекції та психопрофілактики соціальних фобій у осіб підліткового віку. Нaукoвa нoвизнa отриманих результатів дослідження полягає в тому, що: дocлiджeно етіопатогенез розвитку невротичних фобій та місце соціальної фобії в загальній структурі невротичних розладів у дітей та підлітків, визначено причини і механізми розвитку соціальних фобій у підлітків та індивідуально-психологічні особливості хворих на невротичні фобічні розлади.
Social phobia occupies a prominent place among neurotic disorders that manifest in adolescence. Due to the early onset and provoking feelings of fear in situations of testing, criticizing or judging by third parties, social phobia is a particularly severe disorder for students. The study of the features, causes, conditions of formation and development of social phobia, gives us the opportunity to diagnose the disease at an early stage, and to develop an effective system of comprehensive psychoprophylaxis / The first section is devoted to the analysis of modern views on the state of mental health of children and adolescents. The second section examines the features of the manifestation of social phobias in adolescents. The third section provides a set of measures for psychocorrection and psychoprophylaxis of social phobias in adolescents. The scientific novelty of the obtained research results is that: the etiopathogenesis of neurotic phobias development and the place of social phobia in the general structure of neurotic disorders in children and adolescents are investigated, the causes and mechanisms of social phobias development in adolescents and individual neuropsychological disorders are determined.
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Pondé, Danit Zeava Falbel 1962. "O conceito de medo em Winnicott." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279526.
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Orientador: Zeljko LoparicDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho discute o conceito de medo em D.W. Winnicott nas suas múltiplas faces partindo do pressuposto que os diferentes sentidos do conceito estão atrelados no âmbito etiológico à temporalidade do amadurecimento emocional. A revisão bibliográfica da obra do autor empreende a pesquisa centrada no termo medo ou a conceitos a ele associados tais como fobia, ansiedade, angústia, pânico, pavor noturno, terror, agonia impensável, pesadelo, etc. O percurso se divide na apresentação do conceito de medo no contexto dos binômios saúde-doença e normal-patológico, e na temporalidade do amadurecimento. Sob a perspectiva da primeira discussão, o medo se inscreve como fenômeno afetivo de ordem defensiva que como tal é recurso de enfrentamento e comunicação constituindo-se em material diagnóstico da condição emocional da pessoa. Nesta concepção, em detrimento de um preconceito estabelecido de estado psicopatológico, o medo atinge uma compreensão de condição existencial do ser humano. É fenômeno universal, cujo afeto ou não afeto, respeitando-se os diferentes contextos, matizes e níveis de intensidade marcam a distinção entre o normal e o patológico. Os medos, em sua tipologia, dizem respeito às etapas do amadurecimento emocional que abrange o que está acontecendo nas relações interpessoais entre o par mãe-filho na dependência absoluta, na dependência relativa e na formação triangular na independência relativa. Assim se configuram em medos relacionados à sobrevivência psíquica e à identidade, medos da separação da mãe, medos relativos à ambivalência amor-ódio e edípicos. Entende-se que o aprofundamento da pesquisa sobre o medo origina-se na observação e acompanhamento do sofrimento dos pacientes na clínica e, portanto, é para a prática clínica que este conhecimento se justifica e se destina
Abstract: This work discusses the concept of fear in D.W. Winnicott in its multiple faces assuming that different meanings of the concept are associated, in etiologic sphere, to emotional maturational process. The bibliographical review of the author followed the term fear and its associated concepts such as phobia, anxiety, panic, night terror, unthinkable agony, nightmare, etc. The research script is divided into two moments: the presentation of the concept of fear in context of the oppsoition health-sickness and normal-pathology, and in the maturational process temporality. On the first moment, fear is seen as an affective defensive phenomenon that enables the person to face the world and communicate his/her emotional condition. Therefore it may be considered as diagnostic material. Thus, fear is not taken as a psychopathological prejudice, but as a tool that allow us to understand the existential condition of the human being as such. It is an universal phenomenon whose affection or non-affection, regarding its different contexts, grades and levels of intensity, reveals the normal or pathological condition of the person. On the second monent, the tipology of fear has its origins in the stages of emotional maturational process which comprehends interpersonal relations between mother and son in the absolute dependency, relative dependency and in triangular formation during relative indenpendency. Such types of fear are then configurated as fear related to psychological survival and identity, fear of separation from the mother, fear related to love-hate ambivalence and the edipic complex. The research on fear, such as this one, has its origins in the clinical observation of patient suffering, and shall be oriented towards it, where it shall find its deeper justification
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestra em Filosofia
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Ritcheson, Andrew Shepherd. "Re-absorbing absorption : phobic absorption as a novel conceptualisation of deep visual imagery underlying severe specific phobia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249214.
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Conn, William John Thomas. "School phobia : in search of a syndrome ; an examination of the concept of school phobia and a search for groups displaying school phobic type reactions in mainstream schools." n.p, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Gorse, Fabien. "Timidité et phobie sociale." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23013.
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Sargent, Jane Alison. "A pilot study of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) programme for anxiety disorders (panic and phobias) adapted for use with adults with borderline and mild learning disabilities." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435560.
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Oliveira, Fatima Cristina Monteiro de. "Compreendendo a fobia em odontopediatria por meio de intervenções com o Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-18022009-081917/.
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Essa foi uma pesquisa qualitativa que aplicou, avaliou os resultados e comprovou a utilidade da aplicação do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias na apreensão dos conteúdos emocionais de crianças e adolescentes com receio do tratamento odontopediátrico. O objetivo do estudo foi pesquisar os pontos nodais das angústias, conflitos, fantasias e mecanismos de defesa que emergem nessa situação de crise. A metodologia consistiu na utilização de entrevistas clínicas com as mães e crianças, na observação clínica da criança e na aplicação do procedimento. Foram estudadas 15 crianças entre 8 e 14 anos, utilizando-se de 3 a 12 sessões. O referencial de abordagem e interpretação foi o psicanalítico. Como modificação em relação à proposta original do instrumento, foram utilizadas intervenções auxiliares de associações livres e propiciadoras de aprofundamento no material emergente e compreensão dos conteúdos emocionais. Observou-se que: a. A necessidade de atendimento odontopediátrico exacerba com intensidade fantasias, conflitos e mecanismos de defesa primitivos. b. O instrumento facilita o contato e aprofundamento com focos nodais de conflitos e angústias inconscientes. c. O processo auxilia no conhecimento dos conflitos, mobilizando uma tendência para a integração dos mesmos. Verificou-se que as intervenções com o Procedimento de Desenhos- Estórias foram plenamente adequadas à apreensão dos conteúdos emocionais profundos de crianças e adolescentes nessa condição de crise. Concluiu-se que, a situação de crise que antecede o atendimento odontopediátrico dos pacientes estudados, foi ampla de mobilização de angústias primitivas e intensas fantasias que necessitam ser comunicadas e elaboradas em um processo psicoterapêutico.This is a qualitative research, viewing to apply, evaluate results and demonstrate the need of employing the Drawing-and-Story Procedure. while understanding and elaborating emotional contents of children and adolescents who fear pediatric-dentistry treatment. This study also aims to examine the nodal points of anguish, conflicts, fantasies and the mechanisms of defense that emerge from the crisis situation. The methodology consisted in the use of clinical interviews with mothers and children, in the clinical observation on the child and in undertaking of procedure. A research, devided in 3-12 sections, was made with fifteen children, aged 8-14 in private clinic. Psychoanalysis was used as a system of approach and interpretation. As a modification, related to the original consideration, a free-associated auxiliary therapeutic verbalization has been used, as well as a deepening in the emerging material and understanding of the emotional contents.The results were as follows: a. The need of pediatric dentistry attendance will intensively exacerbate fantasies, conflicts and selfdefense primitive mechanisms. b. The instrument facilitates the contact and deepening of nodal points in conflicts and unconcious anguish. c. The process assists in knowing all conflicts by mobilizing a trend for integrating them. The results has led to conclude that the Drawing-and-Story Procedure used in this clinical situation, has shown as being highly suitable to the whole aprehension of emotional contents in children and adolescents in this crisis situation.This study has taken the initial hypothesis which a crisis situation that precedes the pediatric dentristy attendance in case study patients has a wide range of distresses and intense fantasies that should be notified and elaborated within a psychotherapeutical process.
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Terrail, Lormel Sarah. "Une histoire japonaise de la névrose. La phobie interpersonnelle (taijinkyōfu) 1930-1970. Émergence, développement et circulation d’un diagnostic psychiatrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF042.
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La « phobie interpersonnelle » (taijinkyōfu ou taijin kyōfushō) est définie par la psychiatrie japonaise comme une angoisse qui se manifeste en présence d’autres personnes et peut prendre des formes variées telles que la conviction de rougir excessivement, d’avoir un regard anormal, un aspect physique inesthétique, d’émettre une odeur nauséabonde, etc. ; elle provoque une inquiétude quant au fait de susciter le mépris, le rejet ou d’être source de désagrément, et conduit à l’évitement des relations interpersonnelles. Cette entité nosographique, formulée au Japon dans les années 1930, y a depuis lors fait l’objet d’une riche pratique clinique et d’abondantes recherches. L’idée que cette pathologie mentale y serait particulièrement fréquente et reflèterait des caractères spécifiques de la société et de la culture japonaises a longtemps été entretenue par les psychiatres japonais, et c’est ce motif qui a attiré l'attention des psychiatres, mais également des anthropologues étrangers sur ce concept. Dans les années 1990, la phobie interpersonnelle apparaît comme un «syndrome lié à la culture» dans les taxinomies psychiatriques internationales, en même temps que l’idée de la spécificité culturelle du taijinkyōfu s’affaiblit progressivement au Japon. C’est l’histoire particulière de ce concept que ce travail vise à retracer. Au croisement de l’histoire de la psychiatrie et de l’histoire des idées, nous cherchons à comprendre les facteurs théoriques, cliniques et idéologiques qui ont contribué à l’émergence et à la prospérité du concept de phobie interpersonnelle dans la psychiatrie japonaise. En repartant des origines euro-américaines au XIXe siècle du concept d’éreuthophobie, archétype de ce qui deviendra la phobie interpersonnelle, nous décrivons l’émergence du concept de taijinkyōfu, formulé par le psychiatre Morita Shōma (ou Masatake) dans les années 1930, puis analysons ses développements théoriques dans les années 1960-1970“Interpersonal phobia” (taijinkyōfu ou taijin kyōfushō) is defined in Japanese psychiatry as a form of anxiety that manifests itself in the presence of other people and can take various forms, such as the belief that one blushes excessively, or has an abnormal gaze, or an unsightly physical appearance, or that one's body produces a foul odor, etc.; it causes concern about being contempted, rejected or being an annoyance to others, and leads to avoidance of interpersonal relationships. This nosological entity, formulated in Japan in the 1930s, has since been the subject of a rich clinical practice and abundant research. The idea that this mental condition is particularly frequent and reflects specific characteristics of Japanese society and culture has long been maintained by Japanese psychiatrists, and this very reason has attracted the attention of foreign psychiatrists and anthropologists on this concept. In the 1990s, interpersonal phobia emerged as a “culture-bound syndrome” in international psychiatric nosologies, and at the same time the idea of taijinkyōfu's cultural specificity was gradually weakening in Japan. This work aims to trace out the particular history of this concept. At the intersection of the history of psychiatry and the history of ideas, we seek to understand the theoretical, clinical and ideological factors that have contributed to the emergence and prosperity of the concept of interpersonal phobia in Japanese psychiatry. Starting from the nineteenth-century Euro-American origins of the concept of ereuthophobia, the archetype of what will become interpersonal phobia, we describe the emergence of the concept of taijinkyōfu, formulated by the psychiatrist Morita Shōma (or Masatake) in the 1930s, and then analyze its theoretical developments in the 1960s and 1970s
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
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Rasmus, Jensen, and Lundberg Markus. "Phobia, ett grafiskt koncept." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3389.
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Genom att samla kunskap om psykoser och analysera spel och film utvecklar vi ett grafiskt koncept för ett skräckspel. Genom intervjuer tar vi reda på hur konceptet uppfattas av spelare och spelutvecklare. Konceptet saknade grafiskt narrativ, vilket gjorde att spelets tema tolkades olika av alla respondenter. Vi diskuterar vikten av ett grafiskt narrativ, och hur spelets grafiska stil kan fortsätta utvecklas.
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Molen, Gerda Margo van der. "Panic, phobia and hypocapnia." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1988. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5608.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Wallentine, Kari D. "Thunderstorm phobia in dogs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11975.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Janice C. Swanson
Canine thunderstorm phobia is a common, frustrating, and complex problem that, due to the often severe nature of the clinical signs, can lead to canine relinquishment to shelters. Although a potentially treatable disorder, existing treatment options have several limitations and variable success rates. Three survey-based studies were conducted to increase the knowledge base for canine thunderstorm phobia. The first study distributed 1445 surveys through 16 Kansas veterinary clinics to determine the prevalence and characteristics of thunderstorm phobic dogs and assess differences between affected and non-affected dogs. Of 463 dogs surveyed, 240 were thunderstorm phobic as assessed by their owners. Severe weather warning systems may play a role in thunderstorm phobia. Thunderstorm phobic dogs were more fearful when exposed to tornado sirens, both during actual storms and siren testing, indicating a possible effect of classical conditioning. No differences were noted regarding sex, breed, pedigree, or neuter status. Most affected dogs preferred to be indoors remaining near their owners. The second study distributed 1600 surveys through eight Kansas animal shelters to determine the prevalence of relinquished dogs with thunderstorm phobia. Other reasons for relinquishment were also assessed. A fear of thunder was among the least common behavioral problems leading to relinquishment in dogs. Only a quarter of owners had visited a veterinarian for assistance with behavioral problems. The third study involved the administration of dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to assess its efficacy as a sole treatment for thunderstorm phobia. Data was collected from 60 dog owners using behavioral assessment questionnaires. In dogs given the placebo, six behaviors significantly improved, with another eleven showing a numerical trend toward improvement. However, in dogs given DAP, significant improvement was seen in three of these same behaviors. Consequently, these results do not indicate the potential use of DAP for reducing fearful behaviors associated with thunderstorm phobia when compared to negative controls. Information gained from these studies allows veterinarians and behavioral researchers to better understand the extent of this behavioral disorder and hopefully stimulates future research to find new and more effective ways to treat it.
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Bourgoin, Émilie. "Anxiété de vol et phobie de l'avion : validation de questionnaires d'auto-évaluation et étude des comportements des passagers." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20004/document.
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La peur de l’avion peut être source de grande souffrance chez les passagers anxieux qui représentent 10 à 40% de la population. Dans certains cas, elle peut aboutir au développement d’une phobie de l’avion. Peu d’études ont permis de développer des outils de mesure évaluant l’anxiété liée au vol en avion; et encore moins, ont cherché à mettre en évidence les comportements anxieux lors de vol en avion. L’objectif de ce travail était de valider des outils d’évaluation de l’anxiété de vol en français, et d’améliorer la compréhension de la dimension comportementale de ce trouble. Cinq études ont été menées. La première propose la traduction et la validation de deux questionnaires évaluant l’anxiété de vol : le Flight Anxiety Situation questionnaire (FAS) et le Flight Anxiety Modality questionnaire (FAM). Les résultats démontrent de bonnes qualités psychométriques des deux questionnaires dans leur version française. Les quatre autres études visaient à construire un questionnaire d’évaluation des comportements anxieux autour du vol en avion et à mettre en évidence les comportements chez des patients phobiques de l’avion. Les résultats indiquaient une validité partiellement satisfaisante ; des comportements d’hyper-vigilance, d’anticipation, de consommation de substance, de recherche de soutien social, de recherche d’information et de contrôle, et des comportements de gestion pro-active centrée sur soi ont été mis en évidence. Parmi les individus phobiques de l’avion, les individus présentant un trouble agoraphobique ou un trouble d’anxiété généralisé adoptaient des comportements spécifiques. De futures études sont proposées pour poursuivre sa validationThe literature suggests that fear of flying affects 10-40% of the population and can represent a significant source of anxiety for airline passengers. In some cases flying phobia can develop. Few studies have developed measures that adequately assess anxiety linked to flying; moreover, to our knowledge there is very little research on the behavioral manifestations linked to fear of flying. The research carried out for this thesis seeks to validate French translations of existing flying anxiety measures as well as develop tools for evaluating behavioral manifestations linked to fear of flying. Five studies has been conduct. The main objective of the first study was to translate and validate two existing flying anxiety scales: the Flight Anxiety Situation questionnaire (FAS) and the Flight Anxiety Modality questionnaire (FAM) created by Van Gerwen et al. (1999). The results demonstrated good psychometric validity for the French versions of these two questionnaires. The four other studies were orientated at the creation of a scale (Questionnaire des Comportements anxieux autour du Vol Aérien; QCVA) measuring behaviors associated with anxiety and flying and to evaluate the validity of such a measure. The results demonstrated partial validity; behaviors were clearly delineated into categories of hypervigilance, anticipation, substance consumption, social support seeking, information seeking/situational control, and proactive behaviors centered on the individual. Within the phobic group, those who also suffered from agoraphobia or generalized anxiety disorder furthermore adopted specific behavior. Additional studies are suggested to further explore the revealed factors
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Chaker, Samia, Elisa Haustein, Jürgen Hoyer, and Jonathan R. T. Davidson. "Ein Interview zur Erfassung sozialer Ängste unter Einbeziehung von Körpersymptomen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132778.
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Die Brief Social Phobia Scale – German version (BSPS-G) ist ein Kurzinterview zum Screening sozialer Ängste. Dabei werden Schwere oder Verlauf einer bereits diagnostizierten sozialen Angststörung erfasst. Im Folgenden wird der Hintergrund dargelegt und eine Kurzbeschreibung des englischsprachigen Originals (BSPS) gegeben: Die soziale Phobie ist gekennzeichnet durch ausgeprägte und anhaltende Angst, sich in sozialen oder Leistungssituationen peinlich zu verhalten, gedemütigt zu werden oder bestimmte Körpersymptome zu zeigen (Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual psychischer Störungen, DSM-IV-TR [Saß et al., 2003]). Die Prävalenzraten liegen zwischen 6,7% [Fehm et al., 2005] und 12,1% [Kessler et al., 2005] und bei bis zu 25% für subklinische Ängste, die in Schwere und Beeinträchtigung häufig dem Vollbild ähnlich sind [Beesdo et al., 2007; Knappe et al., 2009]. Zur diagnostischen Erfassung der sozialen Phobie liegen zahlreiche Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren vor, aber kaum Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren [Mitte et al., 2007]. Als Interviewverfahren hat sich die Liebowitz Skala (Liebowitz Soziale Angst Skala, LSAS) [Stangier und Heidenreich, 2005] etabliert. Die BSPS hat demgegenüber die Vorteile, dass sie viel ökonomischer ist und explizit typische Körpersymptome erfasst, die soziale Ängste sowohl begleiten als auch auslösen können. Die Validierung der englischsprachigen Originalversion der BSPS zeigte sehr gute Kennwerte für die Test-Retest-Reliabilität (rtt = 0,91) und die interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α = 0,82) sowie gute konvergente und diskriminante Validität und Änderungssensitivität. Als Cut-Off-Wert wurde ein Summenwert von 20 Punkten bestimmt [Davidson et al., 1997]Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. "Epidemiologie der Sozialen Phobie." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88842.
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Aus der Einleitung:
"In den vergangenen 15 Jahren sind in verschiedenen Ländern der Welt größere epidemiologische Studien zur Häufigkeit psychischer Störungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung durchgeführt worden, die auch eine grobe Abschätzung der Häufigkeit Sozialer Phobien erlauben. Ein Überblick über diese Studien ergibt allerdings auf den ersten Blick ein recht verwirrendes Bild, da die Prävalenzabschätzungen der verschiedenen Studien eine scheinbar widersprüchliche Befundlage erkennen lassen. Ältere - vor Einführung expliziter diagnostischer Kriterien für Soziale Phobi durchgeführte Studien aus den 60er und frühen 70er Jahren - schätzten die Prävalenz dieses Krankheitsbildes auf lediglich 1% (1). [...]"