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1

Mourad, Asmaa Kamal, Abdelmoneim Abdelsalam Makhlouf, Ahmed Yousef Soliman, and Samar Ahmed Mohamed. "Phthalazines and phthalazine hybrids as antimicrobial agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 1-2 (2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819883840.

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Phthalazine and phthalazinone derivatives are important owing to their significant biological activities and pharmacological properties. Herein, a benzoic acid derivative (2), a benzoxazin-1-one derivative (3), and an oxophthalazin-2(1 H)-yl)acetohydrazide (13) are utilized as precursors to construct a novel series of phthalazinones bearing various valuable functional groups in excellent yields via several simple and promising approaches. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized phthalazines is screened against different microbial strains; namely, Gram-negative and Gram-pos
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2

Panoutsopoulos, Georgios I., and Christine Beedham. "Enzymatic oxidation of phthalazine with guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase and liver slices: inhibition by isovanillin." Acta Biochimica Polonica 51, no. 4 (2004): 943–51. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2004_3527.

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The enzymes aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of N-heterocycles and aldehydes. These enzymes are widely known for their role in the metabolism of N-heterocyclic xenobiotics where they provide a protective barrier by aiding in the detoxification of ingested nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Isovanillin has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of aromatic aldehydes by aldehyde oxidase, but its inhibition towards the heterocyclic compounds has not been studied. The present investigation examines the oxidation of phthalazine in the absence and in the pres
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3

Wasfy, A. A. F. "Fused Heterocycles. Part I. Synthesis of Some Annelated 1,2,4-Triazole Systems from [4-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-Phthalazin-1-Yl]Hydrazine." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 8 (2003): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174786.

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Substituted 6-(1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- a]phthalazine derivatives containing alkyl, aryl, hydroxyl, mercapto, methylthio and formyl substituents at position 3 have been synthesised. Di-[6-(1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- a]phthalazin-3-yl]alkanes have been obtained by the use of dicarboxylic acids or their esters in the above condensations. Methylation reactions of the triazolo-phthalazine system are reported.
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4

Xu, Jing. "Research on Synthesis of Triazine Ring and its Isomerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.26.

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This paper designed and synthesized a series of different chain length of phthalonitrile-terminated oligo (phthalazinone imide), it has good water solubility, and can be under normal atmospheric pressure to form the s-triazine rings-containing thermosetting oligo (phthalazine imide). Compared with the traditional thermosetting resin, the resin has the advantages of high temperature resistance, high strength, flame retardant, resistance to chemical corrosion.
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5

Mohammad, Asif. "Pharmacological activities of various phthalazine and phthalazinone derivatives." Chemistry International 5, no. 1 (2019): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475407.

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Various pthalazine derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their diverse biological activities. Pthalazine derivatives have been exhibited pharmacological activities like antitumor, PARP-1 inhibitors, antimicrobial, antivirus, antihistamine-H1, antiallergic rhinitis, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, COX-2 inhibitor, LOX-5 inhibitor, antidiabetes, and other biological activities like imaging agent. Pthalazine derivatives were also used as agrochemicals and chemicals. Various synthetic aspects indicate that pthalazines derivatives are easy to synthesize which can produ
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6

Plasseraud, Laurent, Hélène Cattey та Philippe Richard. "Self-assembly Through Non-coordinating Intermolecular Forces, Part 2 [1]. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Packing of [Cu2(μ-phthalazine)3(phthalazine)2][CF3SO3]2". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, № 10 (2008): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-1005.

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Abstract Treatment of the copper(I) trifluoromethanesulphonate toluene complex {[Cu(CF3SO3)]2 · C6H5Me} (1) with phthalazine (phtz, C8H6N2) in dichloromethane-acetonitrile solution yielded, via the bis(acetonitrile)tris(μ-phthalazine)dicopper(I) trifluoromethanesulphonate intermediate (2), the novel bis(phthalazine)tris(μ-phthalazine)dicopper(I) trifluoromethanesulphonate salt (3). Compound 3 was completely characterised and the molecular structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 3 crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 26.9527(10), b = 10.955
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7

Habibi, Davood, Nosratollah Mahmoodi, and Omid Marvi. "Montmorillonite K-10 clay as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the microwave-mediated solventless synthesis of phthalazinetetraones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 2 (2007): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-189.

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Different phthalazino[2,3-b]phthalazine-5,7,12,14-tetraones were synthesized in a simple and environmentally benign method from the reaction of some phthalic anhydrides with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide using montmorillonite K-10 clay as solid heterogeneous acidic catalyst and microwaves under solvent-free conditions in good yields and short reaction times. The present method has many obvious advantages compared with those reported in the literature, including high efficiency, higher yield, operational simplicity, environmental benignity, and the possibility of recycling the solid clay.
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8

Habibi, Davood, Nosratollah Mahmoudi, and Omid Marvi. "Green Procedure for the Synthesis of Phthalazino[2,3‐b]phthalazine‐5,7,12,14‐tetraones." Synthetic Communications 37, no. 18 (2007): 3165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910701545247.

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9

Cai, Mingjian. "5-Bromophthalazine hemihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 8 (2012): o2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812030358.

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The title compound, C8H5BrN2·0.5H2O, is a phthalazine derivative synthesized from 3-bromobenzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde and hydrazine. The molecule is essentially planar, the deviation from the mean plane of the phthalazine ring being 0.015 (3) Å. The O atom of the solvent water molecule is situated on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, O—H...N hydrogen bonds and short N...Br [2.980 (3) Å] contacts lead to the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to (101).
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10

Soliman, Saied M., Raghdaa A. Massoud, Hessa H. Al-Rasheed, and Ayman El-Faham. "Molecular and Supramolecular Structures of Cd(II) Complexes with Hydralazine-Based Ligands; A New Example for Cyclization of Hydrazonophthalazine to Triazolophthalazine." Crystals 11, no. 7 (2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070823.

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Molecular and supramolecular structures of two polymeric and one trinuclear Cd(II) complex with hydralazine-type ligands were presented. Self-assembly of E-1-(2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)phthalazine (HL) and CdCl2 gave the 1D coordination polymer [Cd(H2L)Cl3]n*H2O, 1, in which the Cd(II) ion is hexa-coordinated with one cationic monodentate ligand (H2L+) and five chloride ions, two of them acting as connectors between Cd(II) centers, leading to the formation of a 1D coordination polymer along the a-direction. Using DFT calculations, the cationic ligand (H2L+) could be described as a p
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11

Çelik, Ömer, Semra İde, Mustafa Kurt, and Şenay Yurdakul. "Dichlorobis(phthalazine)zinc(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 8 (2004): m1134—m1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804016915.

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12

Patil, Smita, Rahul Patil, Umesh Fegade, et al. "A novel phthalazine based highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensor for Co2+ in semi-aqueous medium: application in cancer cell imaging." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 2 (2015): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00358f.

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13

Vuong, Thi Minh Ha, Jennifer Weimmerskirch-Aubatin, Jean-François Lohier, et al. "Blue highly fluorescent boron difluoride complexes based on phthalazine–pyridine." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 7 (2016): 6070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj00726k.

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14

Hiiuk, Volodymyr M., Sergiu Shova, Aurelian Rotaru, Alexander A. Golub, Igor O. Fritsky, and Il'ya A. Gural'skiy. "Spin crossover in 2D iron(ii) phthalazine cyanometallic complexes." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 16 (2020): 5302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00783h.

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15

Bayoumi, Hatem Hussein, Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim, Mohammed A. Dahab, Fathalla Khedr, and Khaled El-Adl. "Exploration of the VEGFR-2 inhibition activity of phthalazine derivatives: design, synthesis, cytotoxicity, ADMET, molecular docking and dynamic simulation." RSC Advances 14, no. 30 (2024): 21668–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra03459g.

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16

El Sayed, Donia, Samir M. El Rayes, Hamdy A. Soliman, et al. "Synthesis of novel phthalazine-based derivatives with potent cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cells through apoptosis and VEGFR2 inhibition." RSC Advances 14, no. 19 (2024): 13027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra02103g.

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17

Martins, Felipe Terra, Lauro June Queiroz Maia, Gisane Gasparotto, et al. "Phthalazine-trione as a blue-green light-emitting moiety: crystal structures, photoluminescence and theoretical calculations." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 3 (2019): 1313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02976h.

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18

Plasseraud, Laurent, Andreas Scheurer, and Frank Hampel. "Self-Assembly Of 1D- And 3D-Networks Through Non-Coordination Intermolecular Forces: Synthesis And Crystal Structures Of Copper(I) Complexes Based On Pyridazine-Type Ligands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 6 (2007): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0608.

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Reaction of [Cu2(H3CCN)2(μ-pydz)3][PF6]2 (1) with an excess of pyridazine or phthalazine yielded the novel dinuclear complexes [Cu2(μ-pydz)3(pydz)2][PF6]2 (2) and [Cu2 (μ- pydz)(μ-phtz)2(phtz)2][PF6]2 (5), respectively. Depolymerisation of the coordination polymer 1∞ {[Cu(μ-pydz)2][PF6]} (3) in dichloromethane by addition of an excess of benzo[c]cinnoline afforded the dinuclear copper(I) salt [Cu2(μ-pydz)2(pydz)2(benzo[c]cinnoline)2][PF6]2 (4). Furthermore, a new route for the preparation of bis(benzonitrile)tris(μ-phthalazine)dicopper(I) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate), [Cu2(C6H5CN)2(μ-phtz)3]
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19

Liu, Hai-Jie, Marcos Gil-Sepulcre, Laia Francàs, et al. "Mononuclear ruthenium compounds bearing N-donor and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: structure and oxidative catalysis." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 9 (2017): 2829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04729g.

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20

Chung, Cheng-Yen, Ching-Chun Tseng, Sin-Min Li, Shuo-En Tsai, Hui-Yi Lin, and Fung Fuh Wong. "Structural Identification between Phthalazine-1,4-Diones and N-Aminophthalimides via Vilsmeier Reaction: Nitrogen Cyclization and Tautomerization Study." Molecules 26, no. 10 (2021): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102907.

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N-Aminophthalimides and phthalazine 1,4-diones were synthesized from isobenzofuran-1,3-dione, isoindoline-1,3-dione, furo [3,4-b] pyrazine-5,7-dione, or 1H-pyrrolo [3,4-c] pyridine-1,3-dione with monohydrate hydrazine to carry out the 5-exo or 6-endo nitrogen cyclization under the different reaction conditions. Based on the control experimental results, 6-endo thermodynamic hydrohydrazination and kinetical 5-exo cyclization reactions were individually selective formation. Subsequently, Vilsmeier amidination derivatization was successfully developed to probe the structural divergence between N-
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21

Gadhave, Anil G., Sanket B. Shirsath, Amol R. Parhad, Bhagwat K. Uphade, and Dilip S. Aute. "Green and efficient synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones using PPA-polyborate under solvent-free conditions." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 35, no. 02 (2025): 501. https://doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2025.35.501.

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Polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-polyborate as a solid acid new catalyst was prepared by the reaction between PPA and polyborate. 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones were synthesized under solvent-free conditions through one-pot tri-component reaction involving substituted aryl aldehydes, phthalhydrazide, and dimedone in the presence of PPA-polyborate catalyst. The main advantages of this study are good to excellent yields, use of less hazardous chemical, shorter reaction times, gentler reaction conditions, reduced chemical waste, increased energy efficiency, environmentally friendly pa
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22

Xin, Lijun, Jie Xue, Gangtie Lei, and Juan Qiao. "Efficient near-infrared-emitting cationic iridium complexes based on highly conjugated cyclometalated benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives." RSC Advances 5, no. 53 (2015): 42354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04511h.

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23

Simijonović, Dušica, Zorica D. Petrović, Vesna M. Milovanović, Vladimir P. Petrović, and Goran A. Bogdanović. "A new efficient domino approach for the synthesis of pyrazolyl-phthalazine-diones. Antiradical activity of novel phenolic products." RSC Advances 8, no. 30 (2018): 16663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02702a.

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24

Carbonell, E., A. Martinez-Camarena, C. Galiana-Rosello, et al. "Acid–base behaviour and binding to double stranded DNA/RNA of benzo[g]phthalazine-based ligands." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 2 (2019): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05039b.

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25

Çelik, Ömer, Semra İde, Mustafa Kurt та Şenay Yurdakul. "Dibromobis(phthalazine-κN2)zinc(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, № 4 (2004): m424—m425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804004908.

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26

Lee, Jae Jun, Ye Won Choi, Ga Rim You, Sun Young Lee, and Cheal Kim. "A phthalazine-based two-in-one chromogenic receptor for detecting Co2+ and Cu2+ in an aqueous environment." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 29 (2015): 13305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00957j.

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27

Khazaei, Ardeshir, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Fatemeh Karimitabar, Iraj Nikokar, and Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare. "N,2-Dibromo-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide: an efficient and homogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 4H-pyran, pyranopyrazole and pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine derivatives under aqueous media." RSC Advances 5, no. 87 (2015): 71402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10730j.

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28

Zhou, Jian, Chuanliu Yin, Tianshuo Zhong, et al. "A direct synthesis method towards spirocyclic indazole derivatives via Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and spiroannulation." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 18 (2021): 5024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00805f.

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A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed [4 + 1] spiroannulation of N-aryl phthalazine-diones (pyridazine-diones) with diazo compounds to construct spirocyclic indazole derivatives with diverse structures is described.
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29

El-Helby, Abdel-Ghany A., Helmy Sakr, Rezk R. A. Ayyad, Khaled El-Adl, Mamdouh M. Ali, and Fathalla Khedr. "Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-cancer Activity, ADMET Profile and Molecular Docking of Novel Triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine Derivatives Targeting VEGFR-2 Enzyme." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 8 (2018): 1184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520618666180412123833.

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Background: Extensive studies were reported in the synthesis of several phthalazine derivatives as promising anticancer agents as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Vatalanib (PTK787) was the first anilinophthalazine published derivative as a potent inhibitor of VEGFR. The discovery of vatalanib as a clinical candidate led to the design and synthesis of different anilinophthalazine derivatives as potent inhibitors for VEGFR-2. The objective of present research work is the synthesis of new agents with the same essential pharmacophoric features of the reported and clinically used VEGFR-2 inhibitors (e.g
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30

Alinasab Amiri, Ali, Shahrzad Javanshir, Zahra Dolatkhah, and Mohammad G. Dekamin. "SO3H-functionalized mesoporous silica materials as solid acid catalyst for facile and solvent-free synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 12 (2015): 9665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01733e.

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31

Bayoumi, Hatem Hussein, Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim, Mohammed A. Dahab, Fathalla Khedr, and Khaled El-Adl. "Rationale, in silico docking, ADMET profile, design, synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluations of phthalazine derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers." RSC Advances 14, no. 37 (2024): 27110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra04956j.

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New phthalazine derivatives as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors were synthesized joined to different spacers including pyrazole, α,β-unsaturated ketonic fragment, pyrimidinone and/or pyrimidinthione.
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32

Dam, Binoyargha, Mithu Saha, Ramen Jamatia, and Amarta Kumar Pal. "Nano-ferrite supported glutathione as a reusable nano-organocatalyst for the synthesis of phthalazine-trione and dione derivatives under solvent-free conditions." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 54768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06376d.

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Nano-organocatalyzed one-pot four-component reactions for the synthesis of phthalazine-trione/dione derivatives have been devised for the first time from easily accessible starting materials under solvent-free conditions.
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33

Hwang, Jong Yeon, Hyung-Sub Choi, and Young-Dae Gong. "Solid-phase synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine and tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine derivatives." Tetrahedron Letters 46, no. 17 (2005): 3107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.154.

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Yuan, Chunhao, Leijie Zhou, Zhanhu Sun, and Hongchao Guo. "Phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of phthalazinium dicyanomethanides with allenoates: highly efficient synthesis of 1,2,3,10b-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine derivatives." RSC Advances 6, no. 81 (2016): 77931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13643e.

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The phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition has been achieved at room temperature, providing novel heterocyclic compounds, 1,2,3,10b-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine derivatives, as single (Z)-isomers in excellent yields (88–99% yield).
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35

Savić, Nada D., Biljana Đ. Glišić, Hubert Wadepohl, et al. "Silver(i) complexes with quinazoline and phthalazine: synthesis, structural characterization and evaluation of biological activities." MedChemComm 7, no. 2 (2016): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5md00494b.

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New silver(i) complexes with quinazoline and phthalazine have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and their effect on the viability of fibroblasts and the development of zebrafish embryos.
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Fallah-Ghasemi Gildeh, Sara, Morteza Mehrdad, Hossein Roohi, Khatereh Ghauri, Sahar Fallah-Ghasemi Gildeh, and Kurosh Rad-Moghadam. "Experimental and DFT mechanistic insights into one-pot synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones under catalysis of DBU-based ionic liquids." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 38 (2020): 16594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj03478a.

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37

Kalpana, Chaturvedi. "Novel Synthesis of Some Organophosphorus Derivatives as Chemotherapeutants against Fungal Pathogens of Sugracane." Der Pharma Chemica 14, no. 2 (2022): 7. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.14.2. 16-22.

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The reactions of O,O-diethylchlorophosphate or O,O-diethylchlorothiophosphate with 1,4-phthalazine-bis(hydrazones), derived by the condensation of 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine dihydrochloride monohydrate and 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde/4-hydroxy benzaldehyde/2- hydroxyacetophenone/4-hydroxyacetophenone, have been studied and a variety of organophosphorus derivatives have been obtained. The derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (IR, 1H NMR) data and tested for their antifungal efficacy against colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia pallescens (al
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Chaturvedi, Kalpana, and Smita Chaturvedi. "Novel Synthesis of Some Organophosphorus Derivatives as Chemotherapeutants against Fungal Pathogens of Sugracane." Der Pharma Chemica 14, no. 2 (2022): 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13354182.

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The reactions of O,O-diethylchlorophosphate or O,O-diethylchlorothiophosphate with 1,4-phthalazine-bis(hydrazones), derived by the condensation of 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine dihydrochloride monohydrate and 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde/4-hydroxy benzaldehyde/2- hydroxyacetophenone/4-hydroxyacetophenone, have been studied and a variety of organophosphorus derivatives have been obtained. The derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (IR, 1H NMR) data and tested for their antifungal efficacy against colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia pallescens (al
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39

El-Hendawy, Morad M., Asmaa M. Kamel, and Mahmoud M. A. Mohamed. "The anti-corrosive behavior of benzo-fused N-heterocycles: an in silico study toward developing organic corrosion inhibitors." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 2 (2022): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04820a.

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The gradual introduction of nitrogen atoms is not a straightforward factor in controlling the inhibition efficiency of BFNH inhibitors. For example, phthalazine (Phz) is a better inhibitor than benzo[e][1,2,3]tetrazine (Btr).
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40

Bashti, Aigin, Ali Reza Kiasat, and Babak Mokhtari. "Synthesis and characterization of dicationic 4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride ordered mesoporous silica nanocomposite and its application in the preparation of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives." RSC Advances 5, no. 33 (2015): 25816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17067a.

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Application of SBA@BiPy<sup>2+</sup> 2Cl<sup>−</sup> nanocomposite as a novel environmentally safe heterogeneous nanoreactor for the one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives.
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Tong, Bihai, and Qunying Mei. "1-(2,6-Diisopropylphenoxy)-4-phenylphthalazine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 8 (2012): o2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812033296.

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In the title molecule, C26H26N2O, the phenyl and phenoxy rings form dihedral angles of 54.66 (7) and 84.83 (6)°, respectively, with the phthalazine mean plane. The crystal packing exhibits weak C—H...π interactions.
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42

El-Gazzar, Marwa G., and Hala M. Aly. "Anticancer Evaluation and Docking Study of New Bifunctional Phthalazine Derivatives." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 3 (2018): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556006666170927155809.

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Aims and Objective: A series of novel phthalazine derivatives was synthesized with versatile, readily accessible electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by the results of spectroscopic measurements. Hence, their potential clinical application investigated in particular for cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic measurements and were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity by MTT assay against human liver cancer cell line. Docking study of all the synthesized compounds was
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43

Berber, Nurcan, Mustafa Arslan, Emre Yavuz, Cigdem Bilen, and Nahit Gencer. "Synthesis and Evaluation of New Phthalazine Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/742178.

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A new series of phthalazine substituted urea and thiourea derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on the activity of purified human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs I and II) were evaluated. 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivative(1)was prepared with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, dimedone, and phthalhydrazide in the presence of TFA in DMF, and nitro group was reduced to amine derivative(2)with SnCl2·2H2O. The compound was reacted with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to get the final products(3a–p). The results showed that all the synthesized compounds inhibited the CA isoenzymes act
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44

Sakthivel, Karuppusamy, Kannupal Srinivasan, and Sampath Natarajan. "1-Benzoyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)phthalazine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 12 (2011): o3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811050641.

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45

Sutherland, John B., James P. Freeman, Anna J. Williams, and Joanna Deck. "Biotransformation of phthalazine byFusarium moniliformeandCunninghamella elegans." Mycologia 91, no. 1 (1999): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12060998.

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46

Armarego, W. L. F. "Improved preparation of phthalazine and quinazoline." Journal of Applied Chemistry 11, no. 2 (2007): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010110207.

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47

ELSAYED, H. ELTAMANY. "Reactivity of 1-Chlorobenzo[g]phthalazinone and 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzo[g]phthalazine towards some Nucleophilic Reagents." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, Jan 1997 (1997): 21–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876684.

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Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 10 April 1995, accepted 6 July 1995</em> 1-Chlorobenzoi dphthalazinone (2) and 1,4-dichlorobenzoi [g]phthalazine (3) have been synthesised by the reaction of 1,2,3,4- tetrahydrophthalazine-2,4-dione (1) with phosphorus oxychloride. The chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents such as morpholine, cyanide, amines, alkoxide, azide and hydrazine to give the corresponding products. Treating of hydrazino derivative (4) with formic acid afforded triazolophthalazinone derivative (5),
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48

Pisal, Parshuram M., Vinod T. Kamble, Ravi Varala, and Pradip B. Gujarathi. "Efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazole [2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones at room temperature." Organic Communications 13, no. 4 (2020): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/acg.oc.85.20.08.1768.

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Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and cesium carbonate (Cs2O3) catalyzed, one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazole[2,1b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones was developed at room temperature in ethanol. Both electron donating and withdrawing groups are compatible under the optimized reaction parameters.
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49

Ouakki, Moussa, Hoyam Chahmout, Sarra Sibous, et al. "Novel pyrazole derivatives as inhibitors of stainless steel in 2.0M H2SO4 media: Electrochemical Study." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02003161235mo.

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Metallic materials are well known and widely used in various industrial sectors. However, they can be easily corroded in various aggressive environments. The protective action of stainless steel by two organic pyrazole compounds: {1-amino-5,10-dioxo-3-(p-tolyl)-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-2-carbonitrile} and {1-amino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b] phthalazine-2-carbonitrile} in H2SO4 2.0M medium was studied using the electrochemical technics (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization), Scanning Electron Microscopy (
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50

Deshpande, Megha S., Sudesh M. Morajkar, Bikshandarkoil R. Srinivasan, Mini Bharati Ahirwar, and Milind M. Deshmukh. "Effect of the electronic structure on the robustness of ruthenium(ii) bis-phenanthroline compounds for photodissociation of the co-ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, and density functional theory study." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 12 (2021): 5437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05921h.

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Photodissociation of co-ligand in cis-[Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(L)<sub>2</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, L = isoquinoline 1; phthalazine 2), upon blue light irradiation was investigated via both experimental and DFT studies.
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