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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytoalexins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ingham, John L. "A Further Investigation of Phytoalexin Formation in the Genus Trifolium." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 7-8 (1990): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-7-814.

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Abstract An earlier study of phytoalexin formation in the genus Trifolium has now been extended to include a further 61 species and subspecies. Using the drop-diffusate method, isoflavonoid phytoalexins were isolated from the fungus-inoculated leaflets of 55 accessions, whilst four others produced the stilbene derivative resveratrol. Phytoalexins could not be obtained from the leaflets of two species, T. billardieri and T. grandiflorum. The pterocarpan medicarpin was the most commonly encountered phytoalexin, occurring alone or in various combinations with the known Trifolium isofjavonoids maa

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2

Mamman, Muazu, H. A. Muhammed, I. I. Akowe, S. Abdulhakeem, and J. Iyaji. "Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Antimicrobial Potential of Phytoalexin and Natural Product in Plant and Animal Defense System." RADINKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 2, no. 3 (2024): 442–49. https://doi.org/10.56778/rjslr.v2i3.335.

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ABSTRACT Most plant potential to resist pathogenic infections requires some sophisticated defense system which basically involves the production of low-molecular-weight antimicrobial metabolites known as phytoalexins. These compounds are known to exhibit toxicity towards a wide spectrum of pathogens, such as ffungi, bacteria, nematodes, and other organisms. This review delves into the diverse chemical structures and biosynthetic pathways of phytoalexins across various plant familie and some higher animals human alike. We examine the mechanisms of phytoalexin accumulation, through de novo synth

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3

Gross, Dieter, Andrea Porzel, and Jürgen Schmidt. "Phytoalexine mit Indolstruktur aus Kohlrabi {Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+ / Indole Phytoalexins from the Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 5-6 (1994): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-5-601.

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Abstract UV-irradiation of sliced stem tubers of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) followed by incubation for 4 days, resulted in the production of two new sulphur-containing indole phytoalexins, cyclobrassinone and 1 -methoxyspirobrassinin, whose structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Three known indole phytoalexins, spirobrassinin, methoxybrassitin and methoxybrassinin, and several m inor phytoalexin-like compounds not yet identified were also isolated. The accumulation of these indole phytoalexins was also induced by abiotic elicitation with CuCl2. Feeding

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4

Jeandet, Philippe, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Cédric Jacquard, et al. "Use of Elicitors and Beneficial Bacteria to Induce and Prime the Stilbene Phytoalexin Response: Applications to Grapevine Disease Resistance." Agronomy 13, no. 9 (2023): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092225.

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Phytoalexins are naturally occurring molecules with antimicrobial activity deriving from the secondary metabolism of plants; they are synthesized in response to physical agents or stresses and phytopathogenic agents (fungi, bacteria and viruses), as well as numerous chemical compounds and biological control agents. Among these, grapevine phytoalexins, which belong to the chemical group of stilbenes, exhibit biocidal activity against a large number and variety of plant pathogens. It is important to investigate whether induction of stilbene phytoalexin production can serve to protect this plant

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5

Storck, Michael, and Maria D. Sacristán. "The Role of Phytoalexins in the Seedling Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Some Crucifers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, no. 1-2 (1995): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1995-1-204.

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Abstract Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata and Sinapis arvensis resistant lines to Leptosphaeria maculans and four Brassica napus cuitivars susceptible to this pathogen in seedling stage were analyzed in relation to the accumulation of phytoalexins after inoculation with L. maculans. Cotyledon inoculations with spore suspensions of an aggressive and a non-aggressive isolate of L. maculans were performed on seedlings of these lines. The quantity of accumulated phytoalexins in the cotyledons was determined at different time intervals after inoculation. The content and composition of phytoalexin

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6

Mohanty, B., S. M. Basha, D. W. Gorbet, R. J. Cole, and J. W. Dorner. "Variation in Phytoalexin Production by Peanut Seed from Several Genotypes1." Peanut Science 18, no. 1 (1991): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-1-7.

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Abstract Evaluation of twenty peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for their phytoalexin producing ability showed wide variation in the amount and composition of phytoalexins produced. Some genotypes produced one major phytoalexin component while the other genotypes produced seven major phytoalexin components. In addition, high phytoalexin producing genotypes utilized more methionine-rich protein than the low phytoalexin producing genotypes suggesting that methionine-rich protein or its breakdown products may have a role in phytoalexin production.

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7

Fawe, A., M. Abou-Zaid, J. G. Menzies, and R. R. Bélanger. "Silicon-Mediated Accumulation of Flavonoid Phytoalexins in Cucumber." Phytopathology® 88, no. 5 (1998): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.5.396.

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The controversial role of silicon in plant disease resistance, described mostly as a passive mechanical protection, has been addressed. Conclusive evidence is presented that silicon is involved in the increased resistance of cucumber to powdery mildew by enhancing the antifungal activity of infected leaves. This antifungal activity was attributable to the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites. One of these metabolites, described here as a phytoalexin, was identified as a flavonol aglycone rhamnetin (3,5,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-7-O-methoxyflavone). This is the first report of a phytoalexin fo

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8

Monsalvo, Ivan, Leonardo Parasecolo, Sarah Pullano, et al. "ANAC042 Regulates the Biosynthesis of Conserved- and Lineage-Specific Phytoalexins in Arabidopsis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 8 (2025): 3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083683.

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Phytoalexins are specialized metabolites that are synthesized by plants in response to pathogens. A paradigm in transcription factor (TF) biology is that conserved TFs have dedicated roles across plant lineages in regulating specific branches of specialized metabolism. However, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NAC family TF ANAC042 (a.k.a. JUNGBRUNNEN1 or JUB1) regulates the synthesis of camalexin, a Trp-derived phytoalexin specifically produced by several Brassicaceae species, whereas its homolog in soybean (Glycine max) regulates the synthesis of glyceollins, which are Phe-derived phyt

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9

Thynn, M., A. Wolff, E. Gorge, and D. Werner. "Low Concentrations of Phytoalexins Correlate with Resistance in Regenerated Plants from Meristem Cultures of Vicia faba L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 3-4 (1989): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-3-411.

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Abstract In tissue cultures from shoot apex meristems with leaf primordias of Vicia faba cv. TP667, addition of low concentration of auxins (0.01 mg ・1-1) induced regeneration of whole plants at high frequency (100%). The combination of NAA and kinetin or GA , also induced a high yield of plant regeneration. Regenerated plants from various cultivars on a medium with 2 ,4 D (0.01 mg ・1-1) were infected with Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora megasperma and R hizoctonia solani. Accumulation of phytoalexins, ethylene production and the resistance to fungal diseases were studied. In general, productio

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10

Klein, Andrew P., and Elizabeth S. Sattely. "Biosynthesis of cabbage phytoalexins from indole glucosinolate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615625114.

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Brassicacrop species are prolific producers of indole–sulfur phytoalexins that are thought to have an important role in plant disease resistance. These molecules are conspicuously absent in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana, and little is known about the enzymatic steps that assemble the key precursor brassinin. Here, we report the minimum set of biosynthetic genes required to generate cruciferous phytoalexins starting from the well-studied glucosinolate pathway. In vitro biochemical characterization revealed an additional role for the previously described carbon–sulfur lyase SUR1 in process

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Hynes, R. K., J. Hill, M. S. Reddy, and G. Lazarovits. "Phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls in response to inoculation with rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 7 (1994): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-088.

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Fifteen rhizobacteria were tested for their ability to induce a hypersensitive response and phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls. Of these, nine strains of the genus Pseudomonas and two Serratia strains induced a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compounds by cotyledons. Two of the antifungal compounds shared uv spectra, retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography, and Rf by thin-layer chromatography that were identical to those of thephytoalexins kievitone and phaseollinisoflavan. The hypersensiti

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Aziz, Aziz, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Laurent Dhuicq, Philippe Jeandet, Michel Couderchet, and Guy Vernet. "Chitosan Oligomers and Copper Sulfate Induce Grapevine Defense Reactions and Resistance to Gray Mold and Downy Mildew." Phytopathology® 96, no. 11 (2006): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1188.

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Chitosan (CHN), a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was shown to be efficient in promoting plant defense reactions. CHN oligomers of different molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation (DA) triggered an accumulation of phytoalexins, trans- and cis-resveratrol and their derivatives ε-viniferin and piceid, in grapevine leaves. Highest phytoalexin production was achieved within 48 h of incubation with CHN at 200 μg/ml with an MW of 1,500 and a DA of 20% (CHN1.5/20), while oligomers with greater MW were less efficient, indicating that a specific MW threshold could be required for phytoalexi

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13

Keßmann, Helmut, Susanne Daniel, and Wolfgang Barz. "Elicitation of Pterocarpan Phytoalexins in Cell Suspension Cultures of Different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars by an Elicitor from the Fungus Ascochyta rabiéi." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 7-8 (1988): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-7-809.

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Cell suspension cultures of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars, resistant and susceptible towards the chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, were compared with regard to elicitor-induced changes in phytoalexin and isoflavone accumulation. The elicitor was isolated from fermentergrown mycelium of A. rabiei and it mainly consisted of glucose, mannose and N-acetylgalactosamin. Time course and dose response studies on elicitor action demonstrated that the cell culture of the resistant cultivar ILC 3279 accumulated large amounts of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain within

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14

Pedras, M. Soledade C., and Ryan B. Snitynsky. "Impact of Cruciferous Phytoalexins on the Detoxification of Brassilexin by the Blackleg Fungus Pathogenic to Brown Mustard." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 6 (2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500612.

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The biotransformation of brassilexin, a potent phytoalexin produced by brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), in the presence of various cruciferous phytoalexins was investigated. An important group of isolates of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans (Laird 2 and Mayfair 2), which is virulent to brown mustard, but not to canola, was used in this investigation. Brassilexin was detoxified by the fungus, but none of the phytoalexins seemed to affect substantially the rate of brassilexin detoxification; after 12 h of incubation, the amounts of brassilexin remaining in culture were as low as in c

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15

VanEtten, Hans D., Robert W. Sandrock, Catherine C. Wasmann, Scott D. Soby, Kevin McCluskey, and Ping Wang. "Detoxification of phytoanticipins and phytoalexins by phytopathogenic fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-291.

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Most plants synthesize antimicrobial compounds as part of normal plant development (i.e., phytoanticipins) or synthesize such compounds de novo when challenged by microorganisms (i.e., phytoalexins). The presumed role of these plant antibiotics is to protect the plant from disease. However, many phytopathogenic fungi have enzymes that can detoxify the phytoanticipins or phytoalexins produced by their host. This may be a means that these pathogens have evolved to circumvent resistance mechanisms based on the production of plant antibiotics. Many of the phytoanticipin- and phytoalexin-detoxifyin

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16

Breuil, Anne-Céline, Philippe Jeandet, Marielle Adrian, et al. "Characterization of a Pterostilbene Dehydrodimer Produced by Laccase of Botrytis cinerea." Phytopathology® 89, no. 4 (1999): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.4.298.

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In the interaction between grapevines and Botrytis cinerea, one of the main aspects of pathogenicity is fungal ability to degrade phytoalexins synthesized by the plant in response to infection. Laccase-like stilbene oxidase activity in liquid cultures of B. cinerea has been shown to be related to the decrease of phytoalexin concentrations. Recent research and results presented in this paper determined the chemical structure of a pterostilbene metabolite produced by B. cinerea. Study of degradation of pterostilbene that has just one free hydroxy phenyl group function allowed us to determine the

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17

Gunia, Werner, Walter Hinderer, Uta Wittkampf, and Wolfgang Barz. "Elicitor Induction of Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenases in Cell Suspension Cultures of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Involvement in Pterocarpan Phytoalexin Biosynthesis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 1-2 (1991): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-1-210.

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Abstract A yeast glucan elicitor causes the accumulation of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cell suspension cultures established from seeds. A cell culture line from a chickpea cultivar resistant against its main fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei accumulates large amounts (944 nm ol/g fr. wt.) whereas a cell culture line from a susceptible cultivar accumulates only low amounts (38 nm ol/g fr. wt.) of the phytoalexins. This is consistent with differential accumulation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in intact plants [1], The first reactions in the

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18

Omeiza, Mamman Muazu, Joshua.O, Abdulkadir. A. O, Mujammed. H. O, and Mubarak. S. O. "The Roles of Phytoalexin as Responsive Factors in Plant Disease Resistance and Its Benefit on Human Health." RADINKA JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 2, no. 4 (2025): 405–16. https://doi.org/10.56778/rjhs.v2i4.499.

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The global challenge of food quality and safety urgently needed reform for safe consumption is closely linked to food insecurity and much emphasis is needed by farmers and plant scientists to understand the roles of phytoalexins and other natural products in the protection of economically important plants against pathogenic attacks.Despite limited experimental evidences and findings it has been suggested that phytoalexins plays major roles in disease resistance as some form of natural products which serves as antimicrobial metabolites of low molecular weight secretion which inhibit the growth

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Bian, Shiquan, Zhong Li, Shaojie Song, et al. "Enhancing Crop Resilience: Insights from Labdane-Related Diterpenoid Phytoalexin Research in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 9 (2024): 10677–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090634.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the most significant food crops worldwide, holds paramount importance for global food security. Throughout its extensive evolutionary journey, rice has evolved a diverse array of defense mechanisms to fend off pest and disease infestations. Notably, labdane-related diterpenoid phytoalexins play a crucial role in aiding rice in its response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements pertaining to the chemical structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways, as well as the molecular

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Jimenez, L. D., W. A. Ayer, and J. P. Tewari. "Phytoalexins produced in the leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse)." Phytoprotection 78, no. 3 (2005): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706124ar.

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Three phytoalexins, camalexin (C11H8N2S), 6-methoxycamalexin (C12H10N2SO), and N-methylcamalexin (C12H10N2S), were isolated from shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) challenged by Alternaria brassicae. N-methylcamalexin has not been reported previously. Phytoalexin elicitation in shepherd's purse is associated with its resistance to A. brassicae, a pathogen which causes an important disease of cruciferous crops in many parts of the world.

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Aristizábal, Diego, Jesús Gil, Winston Quiñones, and Diego Durango. "Screening of Indanoyl-Type Compounds as Elicitors of Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins in Colombian Common Bean Cultivars." Molecules 27, no. 11 (2022): 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113500.

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Eleven indanoyl derivatives were synthesized and, along with methyl jasmonate, evaluated as isoflavonoid-phytoalexin elicitors in two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. ICA-Cerinza and Uribe Rosado, tolerant and susceptible to anthracnose, respectively). Indanoyl derivatives (an ester, two amides, and eight indanoyl-amino acid conjugates) were obtained from 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid. In general, the accumulation of isoflavonoid-type phytoalexins, such as isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and 2′-hydroxygenistein), isoflavanones (dalbergioidin and kievitone), isoflavan (ph

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Pedras, M. Soledade C., Ravi S. Gadagi, Qing-An Zheng, and S. Roger Rimmer. "Selective Elicitation of the Phytoalexin Rutalexin in Rutabaga and Turnip Roots by a Biotrophic Plant Pathogen." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 8 (2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300804.

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Stress responses of roots of rutabaga ( Brassica napus ssp. napobrassica) and turnip ( B. rapa ssp. rapa) were analyzed. Phytoalexin production due to biotic elicitation by the biotroph Albugo candida and abiotic elicitation using UV irradiation was quantified by HPLC. The phytoalexin rutalexin was produced in substantially higher amounts in rutabaga and turnip roots inoculated with A. candida than in UV irradiated roots. By contrast, production of the phytoalexins brassinin in rutabaga and cyclobrassinin in turnip was higher in UV irradiated roots than in roots inoculated with A. candida. Ove

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Ham, Kyung-Sik, Peter Albersheim та Alan G. Darvill. "Generation of β-glucan elicitors by plant enzymes and inhibition of the enzymes by a fungal protein". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-364.

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The biosynthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins is a well-studied plant defense response. Plants synthesize and accumulate phytoalexins in response to microbial infection or elicitor treatment. The β-glucan heptaglucoside is a well-studied phytoalexin elicitor isolated from partial acid hydrolysates of Phytophthora sojae f.sp. glycines (Psg) mycelial walls. Using the soybean – Psg system, we have demonstrated that endo-1,3-β-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) are the principal soybean enzymes involved in generating phytoalexin oligoglucoside elicitors from mycelial walls. We have also recently observe

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24

Basha, S. M., R. J. Cole, and S. K. Pancholy. "A Phytoalexin and Aflatoxin Producing Peanut Seed Culture System." Peanut Science 21, no. 2 (1994): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-21-2-13.

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Abstract An in vitro seed culture system was established to grow peanut seed of different maturities viz. white, yellow, orange, brown and black, using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under this system peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability. In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins. Exposure of seed c

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25

Brooks, C. J. W., and D. G. Watson. "Phytoalexins." Natural Product Reports 2, no. 5 (1985): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/np9850200427.

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Kuć, Joseph, and Jeffrey S. Rush. "Phytoalexins." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 236, no. 2 (1985): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90648-4.

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Fleiβner, André, Claudia Sopalla, and Klaus-Michael Weltring. "An ATP-binding Cassette Multidrug-Resistance Transporter Is Necessary for Tolerance of Gibberella pulicaris to Phytoalexins and Virulence on Potato Tubers." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 2 (2002): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.2.102.

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The necrotrophic pathogen Gibberella pulicaris infects potato tubers through wounds that contain fungitoxic secondary metabolites such as the phytoalexins rishitin and lubimin. In order to colonize tuber tissue, the fungus must possess a mechanism to tolerate potato defense compounds. In this paper, we show that a gene, Gpabc1, that codes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is required for tolerance to these phytoalexins and for virulence on potato. The Gpabc1 gene, isolated in the course of a differential cDNA screen, shares high sequence homology with the ABC1 gene of Magnaporthe grise

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Lin, Jie, Ivan Monsalvo, Hyejung Kwon, Sarah Pullano, and Nik Kovinich. "The WRKY Family Transcription Factor GmWRKY72 Represses Glyceollin Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Soybean." Plants 13, no. 21 (2024): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13213036.

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Phytoalexins are plant defense metabolites that are biosynthesized transiently in response to pathogens. Despite that their biosynthesis is highly restricted in plant tissues, the transcription factors that negatively regulate phytoalexin biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Glyceollins are isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins that have critical roles in protecting soybean crops from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To identify regulators of glyceollin biosynthesis, we used a transcriptomics approach to search for transcription factors that are co-expressed with glyceollin biosynthesis i

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Chizzali, Cornelia, and Ludger Beerhues. "Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (April 20, 2012): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68.

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Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of

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Pedras, M. Soledade C., Abdul Q. Khan, Kevin C. Smith, and Shawndra L. Stettner. "Preparation, biotransformation, and antifungal activity of methyl benzyldithiocarbamates." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 6 (1997): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-099.

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The biotransformation of three methyl benzyldithiocarbamates by the blackleg fungus (Leptosphaeriamaculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not., asexual stage Phomalingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm) was investigated. The main biotransformation products were isolated and their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Similarly to our previous studies with the phytoalexin brassinin, these results suggest that virulent blackleg isolates are significantly more effective in metabolizing benzyldithiocarbamates than the related avirulent isolates. Keywords: benzyldithiocarbamates, brassinin, Leptosph

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Wolff, Andreas B., Maung Thynn, Elisabeth Gorge, and Dietrich Werner. "Wyerol and Wyerone Accumulation in Tissue Cultures of Vicia faba." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 9-10 (1988): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-9-1003.

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Abstract Callus cultures of various cultivars of Vicia faba were studied for regeneration. During callus growth on agar or in liquid medium a black tissue was often observed correlated with an autolysis of some cells. With those tissues callus growth and regeneration of plants was inhibited. In black callus the phytoalexin synthesis is induced without infection by microorganism. The main phytoalexins in the callus tissue are wyerol and wyerone, with some wyeronic acid and dihydrowyerone. Wyerol was found especially in the cultivar Troy at a high concentration. In four cultivars the pooled phyt

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Angarita-Rodríguez, Andrea, Diego Quiroga, and Ericsson Coy-Barrera. "Indole-Containing Phytoalexin-Based Bioisosteres as Antifungals: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation against Fusarium oxysporum." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010045.

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There is a continuous search for more reliable and effective alternatives to control phytopathogens through different strategies. In this context, indole-containing phytoalexins are stimuli-induced compounds implicated in plant defense against plant pathogens. However, phytoalexins’ efficacy have been limited by fungal detoxifying mechanisms, thus, the research on bioisosteres-based analogs can be a friendly alternative regarding the control of Fusarium phytopathogens, but there are currently few studies on it. Thus, as part of our research on antifungal agents, a set of 21 synthetic indole-co

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Kutschy, Peter, Marian Sabol, Renata Marušková та ін. "A Linear Synthesis of 1-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)brassinin, -brassenin A, -brassenin B and 9-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, № 4 (2004): 850–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040850.

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The first synthesis of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassinin, 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassenin A, 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassenin B and 9-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin, nucleoside analogs derived from indole phytoalexins, was achieved by linear approach, using the 1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)indole-3-carbaldehyde as a starting compound. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds against murine leukaemia tumor cell line L1210 and selected bacteria and fungi was examined and compared with the corresponding phytoalexin aglycons.

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Sindhu, Rakesh K., Bhavika Arora, and Sandeep Arora. "Phytoalexins: Sources and Their Pharmacological Potential." Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2020.81001.

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Background: Plants are easily prone towards microbial infections on exposure to microorganisms and pathogens. In order to defense, plants produce low molecular weight secondary metabolites which were later known as “Phytoalexins”. These molecules have vast therapeutic potential also. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to explore the phytoalexins and their pharmacological effects.Methods: The data included from the articles were published from Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase by using relevant keywords including plants possessing phytoalexins and their specific biological

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MONDE, Kenji, and Mitsuo TAKASUGI. "Cruciferous Phytoalexins." Journal of Pesticide Science 20, no. 3 (1995): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.20.339.

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Brooks, C. J. W., and D. G. Watson. "Terpenoid phytoalexins." Natural Product Reports 8, no. 4 (1991): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/np9910800367.

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T.Sivakumar and B.Deepa. "Phytoalexins: Defend systems of plants and Pharmacological Potential - A systematic review." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i02.039.

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Plants are easily prone towards microbial infections on exposure to microorganisms and pathogens. In order to defense, plants produce low molecular weight secondary metabolites which were later known as “Phytoalexins”. These molecules have vast therapeutic potential also. The purpose of this review is to explore the phytoalexins and their pharmacological effects. The data included from the articles were published from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Embase by using relevant keywords including plants possessing phytoalexins and their specific biological applications. phytoalexins s

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Bakar-Ates, Filiz. "The Indole Phytoalexin Derivatives Induced a Significant Inhibition on Src Kinase Activity of Human Cancer Cells." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022003.

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The Src, a protein kinase, is a family of protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and this protein catalyses the phosphorylation of tyrosine. The studies have revealed its key roles in regulating signal transduction from cell surface receptors. The Src kinases act as cytoplasmic signalling machinery through regulating various cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The pleiotropic functions of the Src family emphasise the importance of family members which have also been accepted as cellular oncogenes. Indole phytoalexins, which have been identified in vario

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Kokubun, Tetsuo, and Jeffrey B. Harborne. "A Survey of Phytoalexin Induction in Leaves of the Rosaceae by Copper Ions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 9-10 (1994): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-9-1014.

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Abstract The leaves of 130 species of Rosaceae were surveyed for phytoalexin induction. Both biotic and abiotic induction was examined and antifungal compounds were detected in 47 species. However, these compounds appeared to be constitutive metabolites, released from bound phenolic materials already present in the leaf. In Pyrus, hydroquinone was produced from the hydrolysis of arbutin present in the vacuole before inoculation. In most other species, the fungitoxic agents were mainly catechin-like derivatives, apparently released from the tannins present within the leaf. By contrast, the synt

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Brishammer, Sture. "Critical aspects of phytoalexins in potato." Agricultural and Food Science 59, no. 3 (1987): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72266.

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Phytoalexins in potato are sesquiterpenoid substances produced in response to infections and are believed to help plants resist attack by pathogens. However, these compounds appear in response to compatible as well as incompatible interactions and only accumulate in the tubers. The amounts of phytoalexins produced depend on the physiological condition of the tubers. Young tubers don’t get easily infected with Phytophthora infestans even though they synthesize extremely small amounts of phytoalexins. Furthermore, confusion as to the identity of specific races and the propensity for a given race

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Waghmare, P. P., and Sahera Nasreen. "Analysis of biochemical changes in cultivars of Black gram, Green gram and Pea against powdery mildew." Plantae Scientia 2, no. 1 (2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v2i1.5-10.

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Powdery mildew disease of the Black gram, Mung bean and Pea are a major constraint in the production. The resistance of plants to various pathogens depends on synthesis and level of various defence enzymes like hydrolases; peroxidases and antimicrobial compounds like phytoalexins (Kuc, l991 et al Kauffmann et al. l987; Boiler, l987; Mauch et al., l988; Kale and Choudhary 200l, Koche and Choudhary, 2005). The present study focused on visual screening of selected crop cultivars against the powdery mildew and its biochemical correlation with chlorophyll content, sugars, phenols content, PR-protei

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Yesim, ER, and Sivri Nur. "The role of stilbene phytoalexins in the resistance mechanism of grapevine against plasmopara viticola." i-manager's Journal on Life Sciences 1, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jls.1.1.15301.

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Phytoalexins are low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds synthesized as a result of biotic or abiotic stress factors and are considered to be involved in the mechanism of resistance. Phytoalexins are produced by a wide range of plant species. In particular, the presence of stilbene phytoalexins in grapevine is of great importance in terms of positive contribution to human health, as well as resistance-inducing compounds. The stilbene phytoalexins are synthesized and accumulated only in grapevine tissues. Resveratrol, δ- viniferin, ε-viniferin, and pterostilbene as stilbenic compounds are

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Arruda, Rejanne Lima, Andressa Tuane Santana Paz, Maria Teresa Freitas Bara, Márcio Vinicius de Carvalho Barros Côrtes, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi, and Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição. "An approach on phytoalexins: function, characterization and biosynthesis in plants of the family Poaceae." Ciência Rural 46, no. 7 (2016): 1206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151164.

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ABSTRACT: Phytoalexins are compounds that have been studied a few years ago, which present mainly antimicrobial activity. The plants of the family Poaceae are the most geographically widespread and stand out for their economic importance, once they are cereals used as staple food. This family stands out for having a variety of phytoalexins, which can be synthesized via the shikimic acid (the phenylpropanoids), or mevalonic acid, being considered terpenoid phytoalexins. The characterization of these compounds with antimicrobial activity is carried out using chromatographic techniques, and the h

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HIRAI, Nobuhiro. "Phytoalexins of Banana." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 72, no. 5 (1998): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.72.661.

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Irzoqy, Maha Ebrahim. "The role of phytoalexins in promoting human health: A review." International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research 5, no. 3 (2024): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/ijmbhr.2024.5.3.16-20.

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Phytoalexins are a defense group and are low molecular weight compounds of antimicrobial nature produced by plants in response to attacking pathogens. Phytoalexins are considered diverse in their chemical nature, but have a common function, that is, the defense of the plant. With climate change and the development of pure-line crop varieties, the properties of phytoalexins are the accumulation at the sites of infection and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes making them potential antimicrobial agents, which may be exploited to resist the disease. Since many genes that encode enzymes invo

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Höhl, Birgit, Martin Arnemann, Ludger Schwenen, et al. "Degradation of the Pterocarpan Phytoalexin (—)-Maackiain by Ascochyta rabiei." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 9-10 (1989): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-9-1012.

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Ten strains of Ascochyta rabiei pathogenic to chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) were shown to be potent degraders of the chickpea pterocarpan phytoalexin ( - )-maackiain (1) ([6aR: 11 aR]-3- hydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan). In degradative studies with mycelial preparations and crude protein extracts seven catabolites could be isolated and structurally elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The main routes of maackiain degradation are reduction to a 2´-hydroxyisoflavan (2) and oxidation to an 1 a-hydroxy-pterocarp-1,4-diene-3-one (3) with subsequent reductions of the early catabolites in r

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Batista, Ulisses G., and Verna J. Higgins. "Accumulation of phytoalexins in the compatible interaction between Cladosporium fulvum and tomato in relation to colonization." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (1991): 822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-107.

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The production and distribution of the phytoalexin falcarindiol in tomato foliage infected with leaf mold was examined to determine how the fungus Cladosporium fulvum is able to colonize and sporulate in an apparently antifungal environment. In a compatible interaction (cv. Potentate – C. fulvum race 2.3), by 12 and 15 days after inoculation, solvent-extractable falcarindiol and two other phytoalexins from tomato, compound 2 (probably falcarinol) and compound 3 (unidentified), reached concentrations considerably in excess of ED50 values for inhibition of the fungus. In contrast, intercellular

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Valletta, Alessio, Lorenzo Maria Iozia, Laura Fattorini, and Francesca Leonelli. "Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities." Plants 12, no. 2 (2023): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020260.

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Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population, providing approximately 20% of the world’s food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over ha

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HASEGAWA, Morifumi. "Structural Diversity of Phytoalexins." KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, no. 8 (2017): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.547.

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Monde, Kenji, Mitsuo Takasugi, and Toshiyuki Ohnishi. "Biosynthesis of Cruciferous Phytoalexins." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 15 (1994): 6650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a021.

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