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Journal articles on the topic 'Pier models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Deng, Baodong, Yanmin Jia, and Dongwei Liang. "Study on the Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Single-Segment Steel Jacket Bridge Piers." Symmetry 13, no. 12 (2021): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13122312.

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To study the seismic performance of prefabricated single-segment steel jacket piers connected by grouting sleeves, two scaled symmetrical pier models with different anchorage lengths of the longitudinal reinforcement in the grouting sleeves and a comparative symmetrical cast-in-place (CIP) model were designed. OpenSees finite element models were established and shaking table tests were carried out on the three scaled pier models. The seismic response of each pier was compared and analyzed. Results showed the stiffness of the two prefabricated piers was greater than that of the CIP pier, and ot

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2

Reddy, Siva K., Sruthi T. Kalathil, and Venu Chandra. "Local Scour around Different-Shaped Bridge Piers." Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 6 (2024): 2019–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-06-019.

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Local scour around piers is the major cause of bridge failures, and its estimation is critical for safe design. The present study aims to identify a modified pier shape that can reduce local scour compared to a circular pier. In addition, M5 models are developed for maximum scour depth prediction and compared with the existing equations available in the literature. Thus, the effect of pier shape and alignment on local scour is experimentally investigated using three pier models with the same cross-sectional area placed in isolated and tandem arrangements under clear-water conditions. These are

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3

Al-Shukur, Abdul-Hassan K., and Manar Hussein Ali. "Optimum Design for Controlling the Scouring on Bridge Piers." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 9 (2019): 1904–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091381.

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The scouring around bridge pier can be considered the most important reasons of bridge failure. Therefore, we investigated by using physical models of piers and we used single pier with square collar , circular collar and interaction of two piers in laboratory channel, its width 1 m and applied three velocities (0.1, 0.08, and 0.07) m/sec. This experimental investigation was made to choose the optimum shape and location of collar of single pier and comparing it with the interaction of two piers, the results showed that both square and circular collar decrease the scour depth, but the square co

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4

Ferregut, Carlos, and Miguel Picornell. "Reliability analysis of drilled piers in expansive soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (1991): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-101.

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Heavy structures in areas with expansive soils are commonly founded on piers resting beneath the surface active zone. During construction, the piers remain essentially unloaded and are exposed to potentially high tensile stresses that can split the pier unless the pier has been adequately reinforced. In this context, uncertainties arise relative to (i) the parameters governing the load transfer from the soil to the pier, (ii) the potential heave to be expected in a "free field" condition, when the soil movements are not restricted by the pier, and (iii) the estimation of the pier capacity to r

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5

Chen, Libo, Yi Tu, and Leqia He. "A Probabilistic Capacity Model and Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Wall Pier Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030926.

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This study aims to establish a probabilistic capacity model of a wall pier under various damage states, and the seismic vulnerability of a typical wall pier bridge is studied. The finite element analysis of the wall pier is carried out by using the layered shell element, and its accuracy is verified through the comparison with the experimental results. A series of wall pier samples are generated based on the survey data, and the corresponding finite element models are established. The hysteresis analysis is implemented to obtain the displacement drift ratio of each seismic performance point. A

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6

Sha, Yanyan, and Hong Hao. "Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulations of CFRP Strengthened RC Pier Subjected to Barge Impact Load." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 02 (2015): 1450037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500370.

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Bridge piers are designed to withstand not only axial loads of superstructures and passing vehicles but also out-of-plane loads such as earthquake excitations and vessel impact loads. Vessel impact on bridge piers can lead to substantial damages or even collapse of bridge structures. An increasing number of vessel collision accidents have been reported in the past decade. A lot of researches have been conducted for predicting barge impact loads and calculating structural responses. However, in practice it is not possible to design bridge structures to resist all levels of barge impact loads. M

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7

Ebtehaj, Isa, Ahmed M. A. Sattar, Hossein Bonakdari, and Amir Hossein Zaji. "Prediction of scour depth around bridge piers using self-adaptive extreme learning machine." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 2 (2016): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.025.

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Accurate prediction of pier scour can lead to economic design of bridge piers and prevent catastrophic incidents. This paper presents the application of self-adaptive evolutionary extreme learning machine (SAELM) to develop a new model for the prediction of local scour around bridge piers using 476 field pier scour measurements with four shapes of piers: sharp, round, cylindrical, and square. The model network parameters are optimized using the differential evolution algorithm. The best SAELM model calculates the scour depth as a function of pier dimensions and the sediment mean diameter. The

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8

Zhu, Mei-Liang, Li-Qing Zhang, Ye Ma, and Shun-Kun Jiang. "Stability Analysis of High-Pile and high-pier Considering Initial Pier Deviation." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102050.

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Based on the high-pile and high-pier bridge of Qianhuang Expressway, eigenvalue buckling analysis is carried out by establishing three-dimensional finite element models of three different bridge types and high-pier types, and the corresponding structural nonlinear buckling loads under different initial pier deviations are calculated. The calculation results show that the nonlinear buckling loads of three high-pier types are less than elastic buckling loads. The stability of column high-pile and high-pier of continuous bridge is better than that of simple supported bridge, and the stability of

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9

Maimun, R., Abdullah, Nizarli, and Safwan. "Experimental study on Local Scour around Bridge Pier Models generated by Flash Floods carrying Debris." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1343, no. 1 (2024): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1343/1/012028.

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Abstract The analysis of local scouring around bridge piers currently is based on typical river flood discharges. However, extreme events like flash floods with high velocity and discharge, carry wooden debris that accumulates upstream of the bridge pier. This results in additional forces due to flow diversion and reduction in flow area, so impacting hydraulic structures and exacerbating the scouring process. The study objective was to examine the impact of debris transported by flash floods on the depth and distribution patterns of scouring around bridge piers. This research was conducted in

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10

Bestawy, A., T. Eltahawy, A. Alsaluli, A. Almaliki, and M. Alqurashi. "Reduction of local scour around a bridge pier by using different shapes of pier slots and collars." Water Supply 20, no. 3 (2020): 1006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.022.

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Abstract Local scour around bridge piers is one of the main causes of bridge failure all over the world. Experimental and hydraulic models were carried out to investigate two types of scour reduction methods around a single cylindrical pier, namely the pier's slots and collars. The efficiency of various types of pier slots and circular collars around the pier's base in reducing scour were studied. A new shape of a conical collar was developed by the authors and examined along with other shapes. The results revealed that collars, in general, have more influence in reducing scour depth than slot

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11

Zahraa, F. Hassan, R. Karim Ibtisam, and K. Al-Shukur Abdul-Hassan. "Numerical Simulation of Local Scour around Tandem Bridge Piers." Journal of Water Resource Research and Development 3, no. 3 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4227838.

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Local pier scour is one of the main causes of bridges failure. Many studies were conducted to investigate the pier scour experimentally. Most of them studied the scour at a single pier, while the scour around a group of piers is relatively less studied. Recently, the technological development and advancement in computer abilities presented the numerical models as a promising tool in engineering analysis and design. The numerical models have more flexibility than the physical models and less limitations. The predictive capability of the hydro-morphological model for the scour around bridge pier

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Horvath, Robert G., and K.-J. Chae. "Long-term settlement of model rock-socketed piers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 3 (1989): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-049.

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Very little information is available concerning the long-term settlement behaviour of drilled pier foundations socketed into rock. This paper summarizes the results of laboratory investigations of the long-term settlement (creep) behaviour of model socketed pier foundations. The testing program included seven model piers constructed with different materials and different load-support conditions. The primary models were two small-diameter concrete piers constructed in soft shale. For all models tested the results indicated similarly shaped time–displacement curves, having two distinct regions.

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Benmokrane, Brahim, Khaled S. Mouchaorab, and Gérard Ballivy. "Laboratory investigation of shaft resistance of rock-socketed piers using the constant normal stiffness direct shear test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 3 (1994): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-048.

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This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of shaft resistance of rock-socketed piers using constant normal stiffness (CNS) direct shear tests. In this context, an experimental program is conducted in which small-scale piers are loaded in compression, and specimens having the same pier-surrounding medium interface geometry and components as those found in the small-scale models are subjected to direct shearing. Pseudorock materials were used for the construction of the model piers and shear specimens. These materials were chosen to simulate rocks of very weak to medium stren

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14

Bong, Taeho, Armin W. Stuedlein, John Martin, and Byoung-Il Kim. "Bearing capacity of spread footings on aggregate pier–reinforced clay: updates and stress concentration." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 5 (2020): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0026.

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Aggregate piers represent an economical ground improvement technique used to increase bearing capacity and reduce settlements of weak soils. Several approaches have been developed to estimate the bearing capacity of aggregate pier–reinforced clay, but these models exhibit large prediction bias and uncertainty. This study uses newly developed footing loading test data to investigate the relationship between the bearing capacity and the area replacement and slenderness ratios. The bearing capacity of a single aggregate pier, whether isolated or in groups, below a loaded footing increases as the

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15

Naser, Ali Fadhil, Hussam Ali Mohammed, and Ayad Ali Mohammed. "Mathematical Modeling of Linear Static and Dynamic Analysis for Pier Height Effect on the Structural Performance of Bridges Structures." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 4 (2021): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080415.

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The results of linear static analysis explained that the increasing of pier heights was leaded to rise the values of positive bending moment, tensile stresses, and downward vertical deflection. Whereas the compressive stresses and negative bending moment were decreased, indicating that the structural performance of bridge structure representing by stiffness, bearing capacity of structural members, and elasticity will decrease and the bridges structures will be damaged. Therefore, the bridges structures need safe design when using tall piers by adopting high quality materials such as high stren

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16

Rahul, M., and S. Baldev. "Prediction of scour depth around bridge piers in tandem arrangement using M5 and ANN regression models." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 102 (2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1524.

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Purpose: Due to an increase in a number of bridges being constructed, scour depth around bridge piers is gradually being recognized as one of the possible reasons for bridge failure. According to [1] about 53% of bridge failures in the US were caused due to floods and corresponding scour in the rivers. Lots of work has been carried out around the single pier but in the case of group piers, the work is very less. Hence, it becomes necessary to calculate the actual scour depth around the bridge piers considering the close location of bridges as well. Design/methodology/approach: Recognizing the

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17

Lu, Wenliang, Wen-Qiang Peng, Li Zhu, et al. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Static Behavior of Precast Segmental Hollow Bridge Piers." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196991.

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To investigate the static performance of precast segmental hollow piers, two precast segmental hollow pier specimens were designed for static loading tests on the top of piers. The finite element model of precast segmental hollow piers was established by the finite element software Abaqus and verified based on the test results. Based on the experimental and finite element models, three optimal design solutions were proposed, and the calculation results of each solution were analyzed. The results show that precast segmental hollow pier mechanical behavior is similar to that of cantilevered bend

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18

Gong, Pei Song, Bo Chen, Chun Fang Song, and Xiu Li Li. "Assessment on the Thermal Stresses of Concrete Bridge Piers under Solar Radiation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2045.

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The time-varying thermal stresses of a concrete pier are actively studied in this study with the aiding of the commercial package ANSYS. Thermal boundary conditions are utilized to obtain the temperature distribution of the concrete bridge pier. The surface temperature of the pier is measured by using a thermal infrared imager at different time instants. The different boundary conditions are applied to determine the structural temperature distribution and compute the thermal deformation. The made observations demonstrate that the horizontal deformation is much larger than that in vertical defo

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19

Jaaz, Hussein Abad Gazi, Ali Fadhil Naser, Hussam Ali Mohammed, and Ayad Ali Mohammed. "Earthquake Resistance Optimization and Evaluation of Bridge Piers Structural Form and Dimensions Based on Demand to Capacity Ratio and Yielding Points of Force-Displacement." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 6 (2021): 945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080614.

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The evaluation of structural safety must be taken after each earthquake. The importance losses of life and materials carries the significance of the works in the field of earthquake engineering. The purpose of this study was to optimize and evaluate the earthquake resistance of bridge piers by adopting different cross-section forms and dimensions for bridge supports under earthquake action. Two methods of seismic design were used in the optimization and evaluation process. These methods were demand to capacity ratio (DCR) and yielding point. The results of demand to capacity ratio shown that t

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Livingstone, Swilla, and Kazumba Shija. "The Study of Rate of Scour at Cylindrical, Square and Round Nosed Piers." Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 14, no. 3 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2017/33019.

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Rate of scour adjacent to piled foundations may result in rapidly loss of skin friction and load bearing capacity of the piles. The piles may be subjected to unplanned bending stresses, from lateral loads and hydrodynamic forces. The knowledge related to the time taken by different piers to achieve a certain scour depth is limited. In this study experiments were conducted using wooden pier models in the re-circulating glass sided tilting flume of 12,5 m length, 300 mm width and 450 mm deep. In all three tests water depth, discharge, and mean approach flow velocity in the channel were kept cons

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21

Ali, Ahmed Shakir Ali, and Mustafa Günal. "Artificial Neural Network for Estimation of Local Scour Depth Around Bridge Piers." Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 68, no. 2 (2021): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/heem-2021-0005.

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Abstract Local scour around bridge piers impairs the stability of bridges’ structures. Therefore, a delicate estimation of the local scour depth is vital in designing the bridge piers foundations. In this research, MATLAB software was used to train artificial neural network (ANN) models with four hundred laboratory datasets from different laboratory studies, including five parameters: pier diameter, flow depth flow velocity, critical sediment velocity, sediment particle size, and equilibrium local scour depth. The outcomes present that the ANN model with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and 1

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22

Chen, Liang, Rui Zuo, Yingao Zhang, et al. "Study on Seismic Performance Optimization of Assembly Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular (CFST)-Laced Piers." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 8318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108318.

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This study aims to investigate the seismic behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST)-laced piers; after verifying the model through engineering tests, the simplified finite element models (S-FEM) and refined ones (R-FEM) with CFST-laced piers are developed in this manuscript, respectively. Through comparison, it is found that the S-FEM can effectively improve analyzing efficiency while meeting the requirements of engineering analysis accuracy. In addition, the seismic response of assembled flange-connected CFST-laced piers bridge was studied based on the S-FEM, and different structural

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Luo, Jianbin, Shaofei Jiang, Yamian Zeng, and Changqin Lai. "Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Visualization of Underwater Bridge Piers Using Sonar Imaging." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144732.

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The quality of underwater bridge piers significantly impacts bridge safety and long-term usability. To address limitations in conventional inspection methods, this paper presents a sonar-based technique for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visualization of underwater bridge piers. Advanced MS1000 scanning sonar is employed to detect and image bridge piers. Automated image preprocessing, including filtering, denoising, binarization, filling, and morphological operations, introduces an enhanced wavelet denoising method to accurately extract the foundation contour coordinates of brid

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Subedi, Abhijit, Suresh Sharma, Anwarul Islam, and Niraj Lamichhane. "Quantification of the Effect of Bridge Pier Encasement on Headwater Elevation Using HEC-RAS." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010025.

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The deterioration of bridge substructure is a serious concern across the United States. The pier encasement is one of the most common practices for repairing and strengthening the bridge substructure. It is a rehabilitation process of existing pile piers during the repair or replacement of the bridge superstructure, which involves enclosing part of an existing pile pier with a polyethylene or PVC pipe large enough to provide at least three inches of concrete cover over the existing pier when filled. However, this process of enclosing pile piers might elevate water level due to increase in pier

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Kadono, Takuma, Shinichiro Okazaki, Yoshio Kajitani, and Masahide Ishizuka. "Development of a Model for Evaluating the Disaster Risk Around a Pier due to Local Scouring Based on the Observed Weather Information." Advances in Science and Technology 107 (June 28, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.107.49.

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Heavy rainfall disasters frequently damage bridge piers due to scouring, which resulted in collapse of bridges in many areas in Japan. In this study, we developed a model for evaluating the tilting risk of bridge pier due to scouring around the pier, which fluctuates depending on rainfall conditions based on machine learning. For evaluating the risk potential of scouring, we developed a model based on past disaster data due to scouring around the pier using a neural network. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using the parameters of explanatory variables of the developed model,

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Al-Jubouri, Muhanad, Richard P. Ray, and Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji. "Unraveling Debris-Enhanced Local Scour Patterns around Non-Cylindrical Bridge Piers: Experimental Insights and Innovative Modeling." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (2023): 15910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215910.

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Bridge structures face a critical threat from localized scour-induced damage, prompting urgent attention to civil infrastructure resilience. Prior research has primarily focused on the influence of pier shapes on scour patterns. However, the exploration of the combined effects of various debris shapes, each possessing distinct properties, on predictive scour depth models around the non-cylindrical pier has hitherto remained less researched. This study explored the complex dynamics governing local scour around bridge piers, focusing on the influence of surface and near-surface debris. This rese

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Mohammad Ali Nezhadian, Damoon, and Hossein Hamidifar. "Effects of Floating Debris on Flow Characteristics around Slotted Bridge Piers: A Numerical Simulation." Water 16, no. 1 (2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010090.

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Bridge pier scouring is a significant concern in hydraulic engineering, requiring thorough investigation under various conditions to estimate maximum scour depth and mitigate the risk of bridge failure. This study aims to conduct a numerical simulation of flow around a bridge pier with slots in the presence of floating debris, with the objective of analyzing variations in parameters such as velocity, shear stress, turbulent intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy. The FLOW−3D software package (Version 11), along with the k−ε (RNG) turbulence model, was employed for the simulation. The results

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Pournazeri, S., S. S. Li, and F. Haghighat. "Efficient non-hydrostatic modelling of flow and bed shear stress in a pier scour hole." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 5 (2014): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0160.

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Predicting 3-D flow in a pier scour hole and the associated bed shear stress τb is important for the safe and economical design of bridge piers. This paper combines layered, hydrostatic hydrodynamic computations with non-hydrostatic pressure corrections, exploring a new modelling approach for efficient and reliable predictions of 3-D flow velocity. The law of the wall method is used for estimating τb. Its suitability for incorporation into layered models for bedload transport and pier scour simulations is also discussed. The predicted flow shows realistic features: strong downward flow adjacen

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Dutta, Devabrata, and Nazrul Islam. "Parameters Influencing Seismic Resilience of Self‐Centering Concrete Bridge Piers." Earthquake Engineering and Resilience 4, no. 2 (2025): 229–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/eer2.70009.

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ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the optimum combination of the parameters that affect the seismic behavior of self‐centering concrete bridge piers. Finite element models of these bridge piers under cyclic loading are developed in this study and validated based on the available experimental data set in the literature. A factorial analysis is performed to understand the effects of various parameters on the strength loss of the low and high aspect ratio piers under monotonic lateral loading as demonstrated in past experimental program. The interaction among different parameters such as the pier aspe

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Najafzadeh, Mohammad, Mohammad Rezaie Balf, and Esmat Rashedi. "Prediction of maximum scour depth around piers with debris accumulation using EPR, MT, and GEP models." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 5 (2016): 867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.212.

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Pier scour phenomena in the presence of debris accumulation have attracted the attention of engineers to present a precise prediction of the local scour depth. Most experimental studies of pier scour depth with debris accumulation have been performed to find an accurate formula to predict the local scour depth. However, an empirical equation with appropriate capacity of validation is not available to evaluate the local scour depth. In this way, gene-expression programming (GEP), evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), and model tree (MT) based formulations are used to develop to predict the

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King, G. J. W., and M. Laman. "Conventional and centrifuge model studies of the moment carrying capacity of short pier foundations in clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 6 (1995): 976–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-096.

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An experimental investigation into the moment carrying capacity of short rigid pier foundations in saturated clay is described. Scale models of square piers with different breadths and depths were used in both conventional and centrifugal studies. The results show that the relationships between moment and rotation are nonlinear but do not exhibit any peak values, and that moment limits, defined by limiting angular rotations, increase with increases in pier depth and breadth. Empirical equations are derived between moment carrying capacity and pier geometry, for a range of limiting rotations, a

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Dung, Nguyen Anh. "A numerical solution for seismic response prediction of bridge piers with high damping rubber bearings." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) - HUCE 16, no. 4 (2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2022-16(4)-04.

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The motion equation of a one-degree-of-freedom system when subjected to earthquakes is usually not solved by analytic methods. This problem can only be solved through the time step method, when integrating differential equations. This paper is devoted to presenting a numerical solution for a seismic analysis problem of a highway bridge pier with high damping rubber bearings under earthquakes. Based on time-stepping Newmark’s method, a numerical solution is developed to predict the seismic responses of the piers. The iteration Newton-Raphson method is also applied in the problem for static anal

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Yang, Yilin, Jinzhao Li, Waner Zou, and Benshuang Chen. "Numerical Investigation of Flow and Scour around Complex Bridge Piers in Wind–Wave–Current Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010023.

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A sea-crossing bridge is typically constructed in a marine environment with complex piers, and is susceptible to severe scour at the foundation. This study presents a numerical investigation on flow and scour around a complex pier, specifically focusing on a real-world sea-crossing bridge in China. A comprehensive CFD model incorporating hydrodynamic, free surface, sediment transport, and morphological models is employed for numerical modeling. Additionally, a wind shear stress model is considered to accurately simulate wind generation. The validation of the CFD model is achieved through compa

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Ghodsi, Habibeh, and Mohammad Javad Khanjani. "Application of Improved GMDH Models to Predict Local Scour Depth at Complex Bridge Piers." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091454.

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Scour depth prediction is a vital issue in bridge pier design. Recently, good progress has been made in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict scour depth around hydraulic structures base such as bridge piers. In this study, two hybrid intelligence models based on combination of group method of data handling (GMDH) with harmony search algorithm (HS) and shuffled complex evolution (SCE) have been developed to predict local scour depth around complex bridge piers using 82 laboratory data measured by authors and 615 data points from published literature. The results were compa

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Tao, Junliang, and Junhong Li. "Streamlining of Bridge Piers as Scour Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2521, no. 1 (2015): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2521-18.

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Pier streamlining is proposed as a flow-altering countermeasure to local scour for newly proposed piers. To obtain the optimal geometry, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the horizontal profile and vertical profile on the flow pattern around the piers. In a separate paper, the effect of the cross section was studied, and the optimal cross section was obtained. Continuing the effort, this paper investigates the effect of vertical profile curvatures. To achieve this goal, Bézier curves were used to parameterize the vertical curvatures. Fifty-one three-dimensional computational fluid d

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Lu, Xingji, and Jinhua Lu. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Seismic Performance of Railway Gravity Piers with Low Reinforcement Ratios." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813452.

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Gravity pier is a widely employed pier type in railway bridges worldwide. It is characterized by a solid cross-section with a low longitudinal reinforcement ratio which can be even lower than 0.5%. These low-reinforced gravity piers have been found to be vulnerable under major earthquakes, but their seismic performance has not been fully understood. Improving the seismic safety of these piers and reducing the consumption of reinforcing steels coincide with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6, 7, and 9). In this concern, three main objectives are achieved in the present research. Firs

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Xiao, Yun, Jun Qing Lei, and Zhong San Li. "Seismic Response Analysis of Railway Frame Piers." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.824.

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By response spectrum method, superposition method based elastic time-history analysis and nonlinear time-history analysis of Newmark-β based linear increasing acceleration method, the finite element models of frame piers 21#~29# of the Ziya River Bridge on Tianjin to Baoding railway are established, and an assistant program code is generated to analyze seismic response of the frame pier. Results indicate that the vibration modes of frame piers are scattered. Only a few modes would be aroused in a narrow band spectrum. And the seismic response obtained by the response spectrum method is general

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Dagá, Joaquín, Alondra Chamorro, Hernán de Solminihac, and Tomás Echaveguren. "Development of fragility curves for road bridges exposed to volcanic lahars." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 8 (2018): 2111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2111-2018.

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Abstract. One of the main volcanic processes affecting road bridges are lahars, which are flows of water and volcanic material running down the slopes of a volcano and river valleys. Several studies have evidenced the effects of other volcanic processes on road infrastructure; however, limited information is available about the effects of lahars on bridges. In this paper, bridge failure models due to lahars are proposed and, based on these, fragility curves are developed. Failure models consider the limit state of pier and abutment overturning, and deck sliding caused by lahars. Existing physi

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Deng, Yulin, Qingkang Guo, Yasir Ibrahim Shah, and Lueqin Xu. "Study on Modal Dynamic Response and Hydrodynamic Added Mass of Water-Surrounded Hollow Bridge Pier with Pile Foundation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1562753.

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This article presents an experiment program conducted to study the modal dynamic response of hollow bridge pier with pile foundation submerged in water. The forced vibration method was applied on a specimen designated with four levels of tip mass; and the dynamic characteristics of the first four lateral vibration modes of the specimen, including the first two modes along the x-axis and the first two modes along the y-axis, were tested for three different cases where the specimen contacts with only outer water, only inner water, and both outer and inner water, respectively. Finite element mode

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Xu, Yuan Qing, Tie Yi Zhong, Wen Gang Ji, and Xu Li. "Study on the Impact of Lead-Rubber Bearing Parameters on Seismic Responses of Seismically Isolated Pier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.105.

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Based on the finite element program SAP2000, 120 models of eight different piers with different lead-rubber bearings (LRB) are established. The seismic response analyses of piers isolated by LRB in axial direction of the bridge are carried out under the excitations of seven earthquake waves. The calculations of seismic responses of the piers with and without isolation are implemented by using dynamic time-history analysis method, and the comparison of the results is given out. Considering the isolation ratio of the moment at the bottom of pier as observation samples, the variances of the three

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Dakheel, Ahmed A., Abaas J. Ismaeel, and Jamal S. Makki. "Numerical Modeling of Local Scour Depth at Non-Uniform Piers." Civil and Environmental Engineering 20, no. 2 (2024): 699–710. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2024-0052.

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Abstract One of the most dangerous issues in river engineering is erosion brought on by the flow around bridge piers, which causes failure. As a result, simulating scouring is a crucial technique for assessing the likelihood of scour-related bridge failure. The scour depth surrounding hydraulic structures (non-uniform piers) was investigated using various computational and laboratory models. This study examines the efficacy of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in generating simulations of the scour depth along a bridge pier via the Flow3D software (version 10.1.1.3). k-ε model is bu

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Sreedhara, B. M., Amit Prakash Patil, Jagalingam Pushparaj, Geetha Kuntoji, and Sujay Raghavendra Naganna. "Application of gradient tree boosting regressor for the prediction of scour depth around bridge piers." Journal of Hydroinformatics 23, no. 4 (2021): 849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.011.

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Abstract Scour around bridge piers is a complex phenomenon and it is essential to assess or predict the scour hazard around bridge piers in tandem with completely understanding its mechanism. To date, there is no exact method for the estimation of scour depth. Nowadays, machine learning techniques are being recognized as effective tools for the prediction of scour depth using experimental data. In the present study, gradient tree boosting (GTB) technique was used for the prediction of scour depth around various pier shapes under different streambed conditions. Sediment size, sediment quantity,

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Kadono, Takuma, Sho Kato, Shinichiro Okazaki, et al. "Effects of Dynamical Change in Water Level on Local Scouring around Bridge Piers Based on In-Situ Experiments." Water 13, no. 21 (2021): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213015.

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To evaluate the stability of bridge piers affected by the local scouring, the existing formulas for estimating the maximum local scour depth have been developed based on the results of experiments conducted under a constant water level. However, the applicability of these formulas to the cases where the water level rises and falls, such as a water level change in a real river, is not clear. In this study, water flow experiments were conducted on cylindrical and oval bridge pier models to investigate the effect of iterated water level change on the progression of local scour around piers. Resul

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Qi, Hongliang, Junxing Zheng, and Chenguang Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Velocity Field around Two Columns of Tandem Piers of the Longitudinal Bridge." Fluids 5, no. 1 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5010032.

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This research explores the effects of different spans of two columns of tandem piers on the characteristics of x-velocity near the river bed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. With a span shorter than 27.5D (D is the diameter of piers), the shape and the lateral range of the x-velocity increases with the increase of distance downwards the x-direction. For the area between the tandem piers and the wall, the VRi/VR1 (the ratio of the x-velocity at the i-th row to the x-velocity of the first row in each model) near the wall increases up to 1.26. For the area between the two

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Zhou, Xiwu, Wenchao Zhang, Yushen Gao, Guoxue Zhang, and Mengdan Wen. "An Experimental Study of the Feasibility of Identifying the Impact Damages of Reinforced Concrete Piers Using a Modal Frequency Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6365354.

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In this research study, horizontal impact tests were carried out on five reduced scale pier models using China’s most advanced multifunctional ultrahigh heavy drop hammer impact test system and DHDAS dynamic signal acquisition and analysis system. Due to the fact that the traditional measurement method can only be used for local measurement damage, and the volatility is high, this paper proposes a test method for the modal frequency identification of the overall damage of reinforced concrete pier and applies the ultrasonic damage measurement method to verify the results. The tests analyzed the

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Hoit, Marc, Cliff Hays, and Mike McVay. "The Florida Pier Analysis Program Methods and Models for Pier Analysis and Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1569, no. 1 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1569-01.

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The Florida Pier Analysis Program (FLPIER) was developed by the University of Florida Department of Civil Engineering in conjunction with the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Structures Division. The program was developed in order to give pier designers a comprehensive model development and analysis tool to optimize pier designs. The current version is a nonlinear, static, soil-structure interaction suite of programs that run on a personal computer and include group pile effects, layered soil, pier columns and cap, high mast lighting, sound, and retaining walls. The program was desi

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Tariq, Moiz, Azam Khan, and Mujahid Khan. "Experimental Study of Scour Hole Depth around Bridge Pile Using Efficient Cross-Section." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105205.

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Extensive numerical and analytical studies exist that focus on the scours around bridge piers with different cross-sections. However, studies addressing the scour around bridge piles are rather limited and not conclusive. Therefore, the most efficient cross-section reducing the local scour around a pile group is experimentally examined herein. Accordingly, comparative scouring of three different shapes, namely, circular, rectangular and lenticular, is investigated by installing a cohesion-less bedding material around scaled bridge piles immersed in clear water. It is also shown that the availa

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Dalvand, R., and M. Komasi. "Evaluation of nonparametric tree models for predicting the scour depth of bridge piers." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_701.

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One of the main causes of damage to bridges, especially during flood event is the scour around the bridge. Determination of the depth of scour around the bridge piers plays a very important role in designing the bridges against this destructive factor. The complexity of the bridge scour and the effects of different parameters on its estimation more clearly reveal the necessity of using a nonlinear and comprehensive model in this field. In this present study, decision tree models, as nonparametric models, are used to estimate the scour depth. Furthermore, the statistics of different bridges and

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Al-Jubouri, Muhanad, Richard P. Ray, and Ethar H. Abbas. "Prediction of Scour Depth for Diverse Pier Shapes Utilizing Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System Sediment Model." Fluids 9, no. 11 (2024): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9110247.

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Examining scouring around bridge piers is crucial for ensuring water-related infrastructure’s long-term safety and stability. Accurate forecasting models are essential for addressing scour, especially in complex water systems where traditional methods fall short. This study investigates the application of the HEC-RAS 2D sedimentation model, which has recently become available for detailed sediment analysis, to evaluate its effectiveness in predicting scoring around various pier shapes and under different water conditions. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the model’s predictive c

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Barazzetta, Giulio M., Emilio Mossa, Carlo Poggi, and Marco Simoncelli. "The Airplane Hangars of Pier Luigi Nervi: Digital and Scaled Models." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 61, no. 3 (2020): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.004.

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The paper presents a complete study of the work done by Pier Luigi Nervi for the design and construction of a series of concrete hangars between 1935 and 1940. This research is enclosed in the framework of the exhibition entitled "Pier Luigi Nervi, il modello come strumento di progetto e costruzione" that gathers researches from Università degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Roma Tor Vergata and Politecnico di Milano. The exhibition was used as a starting point for a general discussion about the meaning of the logical passage that leads engineers and architects from physical scaled models to

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