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1

Lear, Yvonne, and Tony Durst. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of carbon-substituted C-4 derivatives of podophyllotoxin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 9 (1996): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-187.

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Several C-4 carbon-substituted analogues of podophyllotoxin, 1, were prepared by treatment of 1 with allyltrimethylsilane or trimethylsilylcyanide in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate. Alternatively, carbon substituents were introduced via additions to the carbobenzyloxy-protected C-4′-dimethylated podophyllotoxone. These 4′-dimethylated derivatives showed promising in vitro antitumour activity and were equally active against human colon cell line HT116 and two multidrug resistant cell lines. The alcohol 6 was evaluated in vivo but was found to be inactive. Key words: podophyllotoxin
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2

Sharma, Sameer, and Sudhakar Malla. "Molecular Docking Studies of Podophyllotoxin and Its Derivatives against Metabolic Enzymes Regarding Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 6 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2020.1110185.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the molecular characteristics of the podophyllotoxins and its derivatives with the metabolic enzymes and regulate the designing of therapeutic mechanism against malignant cells. One such inhibitor is podophyllotoxin with anticancer activity because of the capability to stop the metabolic enzymes. In this study, we undertook the in silico analysis with respect to molecular docking podophyllotoxin and its derivatives using the Patchdock server. Moreover, drug likeness of podophyllotoxin, etoposide, and teniposide was investigated using Lipinski filter a
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3

Jin, Lu, Zhijun Song, Fang Cai, Lijun Ruan, and Renwang Jiang. "Chemistry and Biological Activities of Naturally Occurring and Structurally Modified Podophyllotoxins." Molecules 28, no. 1 (2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010302.

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Plants containing podophyllotoxin and its analogues have been used as folk medicines for centuries. The characteristic chemical structures and strong biological activities of this class of compounds attracted attention worldwide. Currently, more than ninety natural podophyllotoxins were isolated, and structure modifications of these molecules were performed to afford a variety of derivatives, which offered optimized anti-tumor activity. This review summarized up to date reports on natural occurring podophyllotoxins and their sources, structural modification and biological activities. Special a
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4

Damayanthi, Yalamati, and J. William Lown. "Podophyllotoxins: Current Status and Recent Developments." Current Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 3 (1998): 205–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867305666220314204426.

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Podophyllotoxin is a natural product isolated from Podophyllum peltatum and Podophyllum emodi and has long been known to possess medicinal properties. Etoposide (VP-16), a podophyllotoxin derivative, is currently in clinical use in the treatment of many cancers, particularly small cell lung carcinoma and testicular cancer. This compound arrests cell growth by inhibiting DNA tope­ isomerase II, which causes double strand breaks in DNA. VP-16 does not inhibit tubulin polymerization, however, its parent compound, podophyllotoxin, which has no inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase II, is a
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5

Xu, Shengnan, Xinru Li, Shi Liu, Peilin Tian, and Dengwu Li. "Juniperus sabina L. as a Source of Podophyllotoxins: Extraction Optimization and Anticholinesterase Activities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (2022): 10205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810205.

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Juniperus sabina L. (J. sabina) has been an important plant in traditional medicine since ancient times. Its needles are rich in podophyllotoxin, a precursor compound to anti-tumor drugs. However, no systematic research has been done on J. sabina as a source of podophyllotoxins or their biological action. Hence, extracts of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin were the main optimization targets using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The total phenol content and antioxidant activity of J. sabina needle extract were also optimized. Under the optimal proces
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6

Che, Zhiping, Yuee Tian, Jinming Yang, et al. "Screening of Insecticidal Activity of Podophyllotoxin Analogues against Athetis dissimilis." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 1 (2019): 1934578X1901400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1901400131.

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As our ongoing work on research of natural-product-based insecticidal agents, eighteen podophyllotoxin analogues with diverse chemical structures were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against the pre-fourth-instar larvae of Athetis dissimilis Hampson in vivo at the concentration of 1 mg/mL. Among all the reported analogues, compounds 6, 8, 12, 13, 15 and 17 showed more potent insecticidal activities than matrine, quinine and toosendanin, three commercial plant secondary metabolites. 2′,6′-Dichloropodophyllotoxin (8) and 2′,6′-dichloroepipodophyllotoxin (13) exhibited the most pronou
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7

Yang, Zhongtao, Zitong Zhou, Xiai Luo, et al. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Podophyllotoxins Hybrids and the Effects of Different Functional Groups on Cytotoxicity." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010220.

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Development of novel anticancer therapeutic candidates is one of the key challenges in medicinal chemistry. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives, as a potent cytotoxic agent, have been at the center of extensive chemical amendment and pharmacological investigation. Herein, a new series of podophyllotoxin-N-sulfonyl amidine hybrids (4a–4v, 5a–5f) were synthesized by a CuAAC/ring-opening procedure. All the synthesized podophyllotoxins derivatives were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human lung (A-549) cancer cell lines. Different substituents’, or functional groups’ a
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8

JAYATI, MITRA, and KUMAR MITRA ALOK. "Carbon-13 NMR Chemical Shifts of some Podophyllum Lignans and Analogues." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, Sep 1997 (1997): 692–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5895595.

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Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 6 April 1995, revised 15 July 1996, accepted 7 August 1996</em> Carbon-13 nmr chemical shifts of a number of podophyilum lignans, podophyllotoxin, 4&#39;-demethylpodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxone, desoxypodophyllotoxin and their derivatives have been determined. The derivatives include 1-naphthol, quinone, diol and tetrahydrofuran compounds.
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9

Zhang, Jing, Ying-Qian Liu, Liu Yang, and Gang Feng. "Podophyllotoxin Derivatives Show Activity against Brontispa Longissima Larvae." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 8 (2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500820.

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In an attempt to find biorational insecticides, eleven podophyllotoxin analogues were tested for their insecticidal activity against the fifth-instar larvae of Brontispa longissima in vivo for the first time. Among all of the tested compounds, deoxypodophyllotoxin (3) and β-apopicropodophyllin (4) showed more promising and pronounced insecticidal activity than toosendanin, a commercial insecticide derived from Melia toosendan, and important SAR information has been revealed. Together, these preliminary results may be useful in guiding further modification of podophyllotoxins in the development
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10

Srivastava, Utkarsha, and Hemant Sood. "Computational Analysis for Regulation of Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis Pathway in Podophyllum with Potential Substitute Species." Defence Life Science Journal 7, no. 2 (2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.7.17445.

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Podophyllum species, the source of important secondary metabolite, podophyllotoxin, is over-exploited for production of anti-cancer drugs endangering this genus globally. Lack of complete knowledge on podophyllotoxin biosynthesis is a major drawback in its cultivation and identification for alternative plants. The current study on secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase, dirigent protein oxidase and pluviatolide synthase identifies their role in regulating podophyllotoxin biosynthesis. The present computational analysis of podophyllotoxin proposes a correlating interconnected network of pathways fo
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11

Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Andrew M. Jones, Bharathi Avula, Victor Maddox, and Dennis E. Rowe. "Lignan and Nutrient Concentrations in American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) in the Eastern United States." HortScience 44, no. 2 (2009): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.2.349.

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Podophyllotoxin is an anticancer compound found in Indian mayapple (Podophyllum emodii Wall.), American mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.), and other species. Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives are used in several commercially available pharmaceutical products such as the anticancer drugs etoposide, teniposide, and etopophos. Currently, the commercial production of podophyllotoxin is based on Indian mayapple. The objective of this study was to estimate podophyllotoxin concentration in American mayapple across its natural habitats in the eastern United States and to identify high podophyllotox
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12

Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Charles L. Cantrell, Mateus Augusto Donega, Tess Astatkie, and Bonnie Heidel. "Podophyllotoxin Concentration in Junipers in the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming." HortScience 47, no. 12 (2012): 1696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1696.

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Podophyllotoxin is used for the production of the anticancer drugs etoposide, etopophos, and teniposide. Currently, podophyllotoxin is extracted from the Himalayan mayapple (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle). Some junipers and other species also contain the same natural product and have been explored as a domestic source for this compound. The objective of this study was to screen junipers in the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming for podophyllotoxin. Twenty junipers (18 accessions of Juniperus horizontalis Moench. and two accessions of J. scopulorum Sarg.) were sampled in Mar. 2012 and analyzed for pod
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13

&NA;. "Podophyllotoxin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 354 (1991): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103540-00053.

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14

Canel, Camilo, Rita M. Moraes, Franck E. Dayan, and Daneel Ferreira. "Podophyllotoxin." Phytochemistry 54, no. 2 (2000): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00094-7.

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15

Verret, Catherine, Anja Rakotondramavo, and Sullivan Renouard. "Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Podophyllotoxin from Juniperus scopulorum Needles." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (2023): 12194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212194.

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Background—Podophyllotoxin, a polyphenolic compound with major applications in cancer treatment, is in short supply, as its source is now an endangered plant species. It is therefore essential to find another available plant that produces high levels of podophyllotoxin. Some Juniperus species are known to contain podophyllotoxin, more exactly within their needles, but are still unused in this regard. Objective—The aim is to develop an efficient green ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol for podophyllotoxin from commercially available Juniperus scopulorum varieties. Methodology—To highlight
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16

Bader, Ammar, Majdi M. Bkhaitan, Ashraf N. Abdalla, et al. "Design and Synthesis of 4-O-Podophyllotoxin Sulfamate Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Agents." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (January 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6672807.

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4-O-Podophyllotoxin sulfamate derivatives were prepared using the natural lignan podophyllotoxin. The prepared compounds were afforded by reacting O-sulfonyl chloride podophyllotoxin with ammonia or aminoaryl/heteroaryl motif. Biological evaluation was performed in human breast cancer (MCF7), ovarian cancer (A2780), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), and normal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity and good selectivity margin. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 exerted apoptotic effect in MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the verified compound
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17

Mohanty, K. C. "The Cost Effectiveness of Treatment of Genital Warts with Podophyllotoxin." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 4 (1994): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500405.

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The cost effectiveness of 25% podophyllin resin and 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution in the treatment of genital warts in Genitourinary Medicine Clinic attenders was studied. Although the average treatment cost for a course of podophyllotoxin was more than that for podophyllin resin (£20.75 v. £14.95 respectively) the overall cure rate with podophyllotoxin was 66% as opposed to 34.6% with podophyllin. When the costing of secondary treatment options was considered the cost per patient cured of warts with podophyllin resin was £27.15 compared with £25.73 for podophyllotoxin solution (not significan
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18

Hellberg, Dan, Tove Svarrer, Staffan Nilsson, and Jack Valentin. "Self-Treatment of Female External Genital Warts with 0.5% Podophyllotoxin Cream (Condyline®) vs Weekly Applications of 20% Podophyllin Solution." International Journal of STD & AIDS 6, no. 4 (1995): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249500600407.

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Summary: Sixty women with genital warts were randomly allocated to treatment with either weekly application of 20% podophyllin solution or self-treatment with 0.5% podophyllotoxin cream twice daily for three days in weekly intervals. After a maximum of 4 treatment cycles a final assessment was carried out after 3 months. Primary clearance after termination of treatment was 82% for podophyllotoxin and 59% for podophyllin solution. After excluding relapses at the 3-month follow-up, final clearance for podophyllotoxin (71%) was significantly better ( P &lt; 0.05) than that for podophyllin solutio
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19

Lassus, Allan. "PODOPHYLLIN/PODOPHYLLOTOXIN." Lancet 330, no. 8572 (1987): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91283-9.

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20

Wang, Bochan, Lifeng Chen, Hong Zhen, Li Zhou, Ping Shi, and Zhiwei Huang. "Proteomic Changes Induced by Podophyllotoxin in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 01 (2013): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500122.

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Podophyllotoxin, a kind of lignan extracted from the Podophyllum plant, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various carcinoma cells. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the inhibition of cell growth and changes in protein expression induced by podophyllotoxin were investigated in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Our results demonstrate that Podophyllotoxin inhibits HeLa cell growth and induces apoptosis. By using proteomic techniques, seven proteins were found to be significantly regulated by podophyllotoxin compared to the untreated control; among them, fo
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21

Kašparová, Marie, Jan Martin, Lenka Tůmová, and Jiřina Spilková. "Production of Podophyllotoxin by Plant Tissue Cultures of Juniperus virginiana." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 1 (2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200129.

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Plant tissue cultures are a potential source of secondary metabolites. However, their production, when compared with intact plants, is usually lower. Phenylalanine, a biogenetic precursor of podophyllotoxin, was used to stimulate podophyllotoxin production in callus and suspension cultures of Juniperus virginiana L. The best phenylalanine effect on podophyllotoxin production was manifested in three-years-old callus cultures after a 21-days application of a 10 mmol/L concentration. A podophyllotoxin content of 0.15 mg/g DW was determined, which was about 400% higher in comparison with the contr
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22

Sharma, Seema, and Yash Sharma. "Variation of Podophyllotoxin with the age in different plant parts of Podophyllum hexandrum." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 29, no. 3 (2023): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2023-51o3fr.

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In the present study, variation in podophyllotoxin content was studied with growth and development in different parts of Podophyllum hexandrum, i.e., leaf lamina, petiole and rootstock using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was found that podophyllotoxin content in rootstock and leaf lamina increased with increase in age of the plant while it was recorded vice-versa in petiole of the plant. The rootstock was found to contain the highest content of podophyllotoxin in comparison to other parts.
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23

Miranda-Vera, Carolina, Ángela-Patricia Hernández, Pilar García-García, David Díez, Pablo A. García, and María Ángeles Castro. "Bioconjugation of Podophyllotoxin and Nanosystems: Approaches for Boosting Its Biopharmaceutical and Antitumoral Profile." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 2 (2025): 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020169.

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Podophyllotoxin is a natural compound belonging to the lignan family and is well-known for its great antitumor activity. However, it shows several limitations, such as severe side effects and some pharmacokinetics problems, including low water solubility, which hinders its application as an anticancer agent. Over the past few years, antitumor research has been focused on developing nanotechnology-based medicines or nanomedicines which allow researchers to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of anticancer compounds. Following this trend, podophyllotoxin nanoconjugates have been obtained to o
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Miranda-Vera, Carolina, Ángela Patricia Hernández, Pilar García-García, David Díez, Pablo Anselmo García, and María Ángeles Castro. "Podophyllotoxin: Recent Advances in the Development of Hybridization Strategies to Enhance Its Antitumoral Profile." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 12 (2023): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122728.

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Podophyllotoxin is a naturally occurring cyclolignan isolated from rhizomes of Podophyllum sp. In the clinic, it is used mainly as an antiviral; however, its antitumor activity is even more interesting. While podophyllotoxin possesses severe side effects that limit its development as an anticancer agent, nevertheless, it has become a good lead compound for the synthesis of derivatives with fewer side effects and better selectivity. Several examples, such as etoposide, highlight the potential of this natural product for chemomodulation in the search for new antitumor agents. This review focuses
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25

Tang, Ya-Jie, Wei Zhao, and Hong-Mei Li. "Novel Tandem Biotransformation Process for the Biosynthesis of a Novel Compound, 4-(2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine-1)-4′-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 9 (2011): 3023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03047-10.

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ABSTRACTAccording to the structure of podophyllotoxin and its structure-function relationship, a novel tandem biotransformation process was developed for the directional modification of the podophyllotoxin structure to directionally synthesize a novel compound, 4-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1)-4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (4-TMP-DMEP). In this novel tandem biotransformation process, the starting substrate of podophyllotoxin was biotransformed into 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (product 1) with the demethylation of the methoxyl group at the 4′ position byGibberella fujikuroiSH-f13, which was
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26

Sowmya, PT, AS Paniraj, and Rai KM Lokanatha. "Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Novel Podophyllotoxin Bearing Pyrimidine Moieties." DER PHARMA CHEMICA 15, no. 6 (2023): 6. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.15.5.1-6.

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Podophyllotoxin, a naturally occurring aryl tetralin-type lignan obtained from Podophyllin, an ethanolic extract of Podophyllum peltatum L.(syn.P.hexandnum Royle), exhibits marked biological activity as strong antineoplastic drugs and antiviral agents. Chemical transformations performed on podophyllotoxin resulted in analogs which also display potent cytotoxic, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. At present, ten novel compounds of podophyllotoxin bearing pyrimidine moieties were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, and Mass spectroscopy. All the synthes
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27

Riaz, Sharon, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Ghayoor Abbas Chotana, Amir Faisal, and Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem. "The Antimitotic Podophyllotoxin and its Derivatives Recent Synthetic Advances." Current Nutraceuticals 3, no. 1 (2022): 4–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2665978602666211102103152.

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: The substantial antimitotic potential of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives has attracted both synthetic and medicinal chemists to expand the chemical space for the subsequent biological evaluation of these compounds. The interest ranges from total synthesis, hemi-synthesis, one-pot synthetic approaches and structure-activity relationship studies. In the first segment of the review, we present recent development in the synthesis of podophyllotoxin and also describe its mode of action. the second section covers the synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivat
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28

Yang, Ru Chun, Hai Xin Ding, Yan Li Wu, and Qiang Xiao. "Synthesis Podophyllotoxin Derivatives via “Click Chemistry”." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.400.

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1,2,3-Triazole linked carbohydrate and podophyllotoxin were synthesized in high yield and selectivity. The CuI-catalyzed Huisgen’s [2+3] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes was proved to be powerful tool for constructing podophyllotoxin derivatives.
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29

Guo, Yifei, Chunying Hao, Xiangkang Wang, et al. "Well-defined podophyllotoxin polyprodrug brushes: preparation via RAFT polymerization and evaluation as drug carriers." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 5 (2017): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01883a.

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Novel poly(triethylene glycol methacrylate)-b-poly(podophyllotoxin methacrylate) copolymers (PTP) with a well-defined structure were designed and synthesized by direct RAFT polymerization with the hydrophobic monomer derivative from the anticancer drug podophyllotoxin.
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30

Shah, Zinnia, Umar Farooq Gohar, Iffat Jamshed, et al. "Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (2021): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040603.

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Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthet
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31

Nadeem, Mohammad, Salim Khan, Mohammad Akmal, Mauji Ram, Fahad Al‐Qurainy, and Malik Zainul Abdin. "Genetic diversity and podophyllotoxin analysis of Podophyllum hexandrum from Indian central Himalaya." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 2, no. 2 (2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.2(2).p51-56.

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Genetic diversity among and within 10 populations of Podophyllum hexandrum was analyzed for precise assessments of genetic structure for conservation planning of wild Indian May apple (Podophyllum hexandrum) in the Central region of Himalayas. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies revealed variability among and within population. Twenty primer sets were evaluated, 18 primers resulted in low and poor polymorphism,where as two gave better results which were counted for final analysis. We found a higher podophyllotoxin levels among the populations. However, the existing variation in pod
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32

Qian Liu, Ying, Liu Yang, and Xuan Tian. "Podophyllotoxin: Current Perspectives." Current Bioactive Compounds 3, no. 1 (2007): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340707780126499.

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33

Yoo, Kyung-Jae, and John R. Porter. "Immunoassay of Podophyllotoxin." Journal of Natural Products 56, no. 5 (1993): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50095a008.

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34

Jones, David W., and Adrian M. Thompson. "Synthesis of podophyllotoxin." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 18 (1989): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39890001370.

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35

Canel, Camilo, Rita M. Moraes, Franck E. Dayan, and Daneel Ferreira. "ChemInform Abstract: Podophyllotoxin." ChemInform 31, no. 36 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200036265.

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36

Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Charles L. Cantrell, Ivanka Semerdjieva, et al. "Essential Oil Composition and Bioactivity of Two Juniper Species from Bulgaria and Slovakia." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123659.

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Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb and J. sabina L. contain essential oil (EO), while J. sabina also contains podophyllotoxin, which is used as a precursor for anti-cancer drugs. Two studies were conducted. The first assessed the variability in the EO profile and podophyllotoxin concentration of the two junipers, depending on the location and tree gender. The main EO constituents of J. excelsa were α-cedrol, α-limonene and α-pinene, while the constituents in J. sabina were sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenyl acetate and α-cadinol. The podophyllotoxin yield of 18 J. sabina accessions was 0.07–0.32% (w/w),
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37

Konuklugil, Belma, Thomas J. Schmidt, and A. Wilhelm Alfermann. "Accumulation of Lignans in Suspension Cultures of Linum mucronatum ssp. armenum (Bordz.) Davis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 11-12 (2001): 1164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-11-1239.

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Abstract For the first time callus and suspension cultures of Li­num mucronatum ssp. armenum were initiated, grown in darkness at 25 °C and analyzed for lignans. 6-Methoxy-podophyllotoxin was the main lignan besides smaller amounts of podophyllotoxin isolated and identified by chromatographic methods as well as by 1H NMR.
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38

Zhou, Baohan, Guodong Yin, Xianggao Meng, Yitao Li, and Anxin Wu. "The absolute configuration of a nitroxide spin labeled derivative of podophyllotoxin determined by the crystal structure." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 12 (2006): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-167.

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The crystal structure of the nitroxide spin labeled derivative of podophyllotoxin was first reported. X-ray analysis demonstrated that four contiguous chiral centers in the molecule, C1, C2, C3, and C4, adopt cis- (1:2), trans- (2:3), and cis- (3:4) arrangement.Key words: crystal structure, synthesis, nitroxyl radical, podophyllotoxin.
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39

Williams, Paul, and Geo von Krogh. "The cost-effectiveness of patient-applied treatments for anogenital warts." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 4 (2003): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203321264827.

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A model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of podophyllotoxin and imiquimod for self-treatment of anogenital warts. The effectiveness endpoint was sustained clearance after treatment and a subsequent follow-up period of approximately 12 weeks. Effectiveness of podophyllotoxin was estimated from a quantitative summary of nine placebo-controlled trials, while effectiveness of imiquimod was based on a quantitative summary of six placebo-controlled trials. Costs were considered from a UK health service provider perspective; drug acquisition costs were obtained from the British Nation
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40

Kašparová, Marie, Pavla Pilařová, Lenka Tůmová, and Tomáš Siatka. "Effect of Precursor and Phytohormones on Podophyllotoxin Production in Juniperus virginiana Suspension Cultures." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 11 (2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301129.

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Our results showed that cinnamic acid can increase podophyllotoxin production in Juniperus virginiana suspension cultures. The best effect was manifested after a 24-hours application of a 10 mmol/L concentration. The highest podophyllotoxin content was determined at 1.47 mg/g DW and the production was statistically significantly stimulated by about 444% in comparison with the control. Comparison of podophyllotoxin production in the cinnamic acid- and salicylic acid-elicited J. virginiana suspension cultures confirms that the maximum increase in both cases was induced by the 24-hours applicatio
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41

Pourya, Zarshenas. "UiO-67 A promising Drug Delivery Platform for Podophyllotoxin." International Journal of Engineering Invention (IJEI) 11, no. 3 (2022): 897–908. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839143.

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In pursuit of development of a drug carrying platform for delivery of Podophillotoxin, an anti-cancer drug, a porous metal&ndash;organic frameworks (MOFs), UIO-67, was synthesized and used.&nbsp; The unique structure of UIO-67which are built of inorganic nodes and organic ligands lead to successful encapsulation of different ions and molecules. Following our recent study, UIO-67was prepared and characterized using variety of analytical methods containing FTIR, FESEM, and EDS. The loading and releasing profile of Podophyllotoxin in the synthesized platform UIO-67were evaluated.&nbsp;The in vitr
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42

Pourya, Zarshenas. "UiO-68 a promising Drug Delivery Platform for Podophyllotoxin." International Journal of Engineering Invention (IJEI) 11, no. 3 (2022): 946–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839088.

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In pursuit of development of a drug carrying platform for delivery of Podophillotoxin, an anti-cancer drug, a porous metal&ndash;organic frameworks (MOFs), UIO-68, was synthesized and used.&nbsp; The unique structure of UIO-68 which are built of inorganic nodes and organic ligands lead to successful encapsulation of different ions and molecules. Following our recent study, UIO-68 was prepared and characterized using variety of analytical methods containing FTIR, FESEM, and EDS. The loading and releasing profile of Podophyllotoxin in the synthesized platform UIO-66 were evaluated.&nbsp;The in v
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43

Pourya, Zarshenas. "ZSM-5; A promising Drug Delivery Platform for Podophyllotoxin." International Journal of Engineering Invention (IJEI) 11, no. 3 (2022): 972–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839102.

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In pursuit of development of a drug carrying platform for delivery of Podophillotoxin, an anti-cancer drug, a porous metal&ndash;organic frameworks (MOFs), ZSM-5, was synthesized and used.&nbsp; The unique structure of ZSM-5 which are built of inorganic nodes and organic ligands lead to successful encapsulation of different ions and molecules. Following our recent study, ZSM-5was prepared and characterized using variety of analytical methods containing FTIR, FESEM, and EDS. The loading and releasing profile of Podophyllotoxin in the synthesized platform ZSM-5were evaluated.&nbsp;The in vitro c
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Pourya, Zarshenas. "ZSM-5 A promising Drug Delivery Platform for Quercetin." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) 10, no. 5 (2022): 86–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6839104.

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In pursuit of development of a drug carrying platform for delivery of Podophillotoxin, an anti-cancer drug, a porous metal&ndash;organic frameworks (MOFs), ZSM-5, was synthesized and used.&nbsp; The unique structure of ZSM-5 which are built of inorganic nodes and organic ligands lead to successful encapsulation of different ions and molecules. Following our recent study, ZSM-5was prepared and characterized using variety of analytical methods containing FTIR, FESEM, and EDS. The loading and releasing profile of Podophyllotoxin in the synthesized platform ZSM-5were evaluated.&nbsp;The in vitro c
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45

Pourya, Zarshenas. "UiO-66 A promising Drug Delivery Platform for Podophyllotoxin." International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) 11, no. 3 (2022): 867–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6841278.

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In pursuit of development of a drug carrying platform for delivery of Podophillotoxin, an anti-cancer drug, a porous metal&ndash;organic frameworks (MOFs), UIO-66, was synthesized and used. The unique structure of UIO-66 which are built of inorganic nodes and organic ligands lead to successful encapsulation of different ions and molecules. Following our recent study, UIO-66 was prepared and characterized using variety of analytical methods containing FTIR, FESEM, and EDS. The loading and releasing profile of Podophyllotoxin in the synthesized platform UIO-66 were evaluated. The in vitro cytoto
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46

Rai’dah, Pramukti Nawar, Zuzanna Molęda, Aleksandra Osińska, Armand Budzianowski, Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały, and Zbigniew Czarnocki. "Synthesis of Novel Podophyllotoxin–Benzothiazole Congeners and Their Biological Evaluation as Anticancer Agents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 13 (2025): 6033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136033.

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A series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives containing benzothiazole scaffolds were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SKOV-3, B16F10, LOVO, and HeLa). Two compounds, 7 and 11, which are different only by the absence or presence of the ester group, showed the strongest cytotoxic effect towards all tested cancer cell lines with the IC50 0.68–2.88 µM. In addition, it was demonstrated that these compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase arrest in HeLa cells. The structure–activity relationship was analy
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47

Cushman, Kent E., Muhammad Maqbool, Hemant Lata, Ebru Bedir, Ikhlas A. Khan, and Rita M. Moraes. "Podophyllotoxin Content and Yield of American Mayapple Leaves in Sun and Shade." HortScience 40, no. 1 (2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.60.

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Four levels of shade (0%, 30%, 55%, and 80%) were used to determine their effect on growth and lignan content of american mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.). Mayapple rhizomes were harvested from the wild and transplanted into plant beds on 20 Dec. 2001 using a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Growth and lignan content were recorded during spring of 2002 and 2003. Leaf samples were analyzed for the following lignans: podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, and beta-peltatin. Increasing levels of shade increased shoot longevity, leaf area per plant (cm2/plant), and shoot height. Shad
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Zefirov, N. A., E. A. Lavrushkina, S. A. Kuznetsov, and O. N. Zefirova. "Podophyllotoxin analogue with bicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety annelated with indole: synthesis, molecular modeling, and biological testing." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 65, no. 2 (2019): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20196502086.

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C4-Ester derivatives of the anticancer agent podophyllotoxin with bridged moieties can either inhibit polymerization of alpha,beta-tubulin with the formation of microtubules (analogously to the parent molecule) or cause an unusual effect of “curling and shortening” of the microtubules (MT). In order to predict the effect of bridged podophyllotoxin derivatives on the MT network using computer molecular modeling it is desirable to enhance the structural diversity of their bridged substituents. In the present work we synthesized novel podophyllotoxin ester with bicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety annelat
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Zefirov, N. A., A. V. Mamaeva, E. V. Radchenko, E. R. Milaeva, S. A. Kuznetsov, and O. N. Zefirova. "Conjugate of podophyllotoxin with chlorambucil: synthesis, biological testing and molecular modeling." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, no. 3 (2021): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216703289.

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In the present work we have studied a novel conjugate of the DNA alkylating agent chlorambucil with podophyllotoxin, a ligand of the colchicine binding site in tubulin. The target compound was obtained by Steglich esterification of podophyllotoxin with the percentage yield of 41%. Results of biotesting carried out on the carcinoma A549 cell line revealed that at a concentration of 2 μM the conjugate caused full depolymerization of microtubules without any other effect on free tubulin. The conjugate inhibited proliferation (IC50=135±30 nM) and growth (EC50=240±30 nM) of A549 cells. The data of
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50

Hartmann, J??rg T., and Hans-Peter Lipp. "Camptothecin and Podophyllotoxin Derivatives." Drug Safety 29, no. 3 (2006): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629030-00005.

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