Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

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Okeke, Ugochukwu C., Chad R. Snyder, and Stanislav A. Frukhtbeyn. "Synthesis, Purification and Characterization of Polymerizable Multifunctional Quaternary Ammonium Compounds." Molecules 24, no. 8 (2019): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081464.

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Methacrylate analogs of quaternary ammonium salts functionalized with carboxylic (AMadh1 68.8% yield, AMadh2 53.2% yield) and methoxysilane (AMsil1 94.8% yield, AMsil2 36.0% yield) groups were synthesized via Menschutkin reaction. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR), mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were utilized to validate structures and characterize thermal properties of the novel multifunctional quaterna
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De Luca, Giorgio, Roberta Amuso, Alberto Figoli, Raffaella Mancuso, Lucio Lucadamo, and Bartolo Gabriele. "Modeling of Structure-Property Relationships of Polymerizable Surfactants with Antimicrobial Activity." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101972.

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Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts (PQASs) were synthesized in a previous work and some of them were used as surfactants in the antimicrobial coating of commercial membranes. Herein, the electrostatic charges, maximum length, and aspect ratio of these antibacterial surfactants were calculated with the aim of investigating the relationship between the properties, recognized to control the biocidal activity of these molecules, and the molecular structures. The effect of the water molecules was considered through a quantum and molecular mechanics approach. The correlation between the number
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Chen, Jun, Fanfei Min, Lingyun Liu, Chenliang Peng, and Fangqin Lu. "Hydrophobic aggregation of fine particles in high muddied coal slurry water." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (2015): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.513.

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The hydrophobic aggregation of fine particles in high muddied coal slurry water in the presence of four quaternary ammonium salts of 1231(dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), 1431(tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), 1631(cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and 1831(octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) was investigated through the measurement of contact angles, zeta potentials, aggregation observation, adsorption and sedimentation. The results show that quaternary ammonium salts can enhance the hydrophobicity and reduce the electronegativity of particle surface, and thus induce a strong
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Liu, Jun, Yuguo Zhuo, Qingshan Li, Wei Hong, and Guangzhong Xing. "Preparation and Characterization of P(AN-VAc-PMMT) Nanocomposites and Nanofibers." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/142691.

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P(AN-VAc-PMMT) nanocomposites were prepared usingin situemulsion polymerization and further confirmed by FTIR. A polymerizable quaternary ammonium ion monomer was used to modify montmorillonite. XRD testing showed that the quaternary ammonium ion was successfully intercalated into the montmorillonite chip layer. This is the first paper to discuss an investigation of P(AN-VAc-PMMT) nanofiber morphology using SEM. The fibers were prepared through electrospinning.
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Sun, Hong Juan, Tong Jiang Peng, Hai Feng Liu, and Jin Mei Sun. "XRD Study of Hydrophlogopite Intercalated with Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Salt." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.330.

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Hydrophlogopite was modified with sodium and then organically intercalated with a series of alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. The organically intercalated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the effect of alkyl quaternary ammonium salt on the interlayer spacing of hydrophlogopite was discussed. The results showed that if the same alkyl quaternary ammonium salt was used to intercalate hydrophlogopite, the interlayer spacing of hydrophlogopite increased gradually with the rise of the added amount of quaternary ammonium salt, and that if different quaternary ammonium
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Zhang, Yu, Xixun Shen, Miaomiao Zhou, Wei Huang, and Qunjie Xu. "The effect of quaternary ammonium salts with different chain lengths on copper filling behavior in blind holes of printed circuit board." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 12 (2022): 125004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac9d46.

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Abstract The rapid and defect free blind hole copper super filling is the key technology to ensure the quality and development of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The linear quaternary ammonium compounds with a low molecular weight are expected to act as a potential suppressor for blind hole copper filling. Here, three quaternary ammonium salts with different molecular chain lengths (the dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and the stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) were selected to study the effects of the molecular chain length of quaternary ammonium sal
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Zeng, Qingle, Fuhai Li, and Xianjie Yin. "Transition metal-catalyzed construction of C-X bonds via cleavage of C-N bond of quaternary ammonium salts." AIMS Molecular Science 10, no. 3 (2023): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2023011.

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<abstract> <p>Amines are abundant in natural product chemistry and are readily available chemical raw materials. The C-N bonds of amines are difficult to break due to the large C-N bond energy. In recent years, chemists have developed a variety of activation methods for amino groups of amines. Among these reported methods, to convert amines into quaternary ammonium salts is preferred, for quaternary ammonium salts are readily available and stable. In recent years, great progress has been achieved in the study of transition metal-catalyzed construction of various C-X bonds involving
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Mancuso, Raffaella, Roberta Amuso, Biagio Armentano, et al. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Polymerizable Acryloyloxyalkyltriethyl Ammonium Salts." ChemPlusChem 82, no. 10 (2017): 1235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201700194.

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Mancuso, Raffaella, Roberta Amuso, Biagio Armentano, et al. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Polymerizable Acryloyloxyalkyltriethyl Ammonium Salts." ChemPlusChem 82, no. 10 (2017): 1233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201700329.

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Winstead, Angela, Nicole Fleming, Krystal Hart, and Deveine Toney. "Microwave Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts." Molecules 13, no. 9 (2008): 2107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13092107.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

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Peterson, Justine. "Asymmetric Phase Transfer Reactions Involving Cinchona Alkaloid Derived Quaternary Ammonium Salts." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491811.

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This work is concerned with the development of the synthesis of a series of N-anthracenyl cinchona salts for use as chiral phase transfer catalysts. Their employment both as pre-prepared and as catalysts generated in situ, in a number of classes of organic reactions has been investigated, as has their attachment to a solid support.
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Tezel, Ulas. "Fate and effect of quaternary ammonium compounds in biological systems." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28229.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Pavlostathis, Spyros G.; Committee Member: Huang, Ching-Hua; Committee Member: Hughes, Joseph B.; Committee Member: Sobecky, Patricia A.; Committee Member: Spain, Jim C.
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Lang, Christopher M. "Development of quaternary ammonium based electrolytes for rechargeable batteries and fuel cells." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-10262006-140639/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.<br>Kohl, Paul, Committee Chair ; Bottomley, Lawrence, Committee Member ; Eckert, Charles, Committee Member ; Fuller, Tom, Committee Member ; Teja, Amyn, Committee Member.
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Rambocus, Subhas. "Reactive solvent extraction of dicarboxylic and carboxylic-sulfonic acids." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245144.

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Cumming, Janet L. "Environmental Fate, Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Cosmetic Uses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365855.

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The consumption of household and personal care products in Australia is similar to that of more highly regulated agricultural and veterinary chemicals. One class of chemical used in cosmetic applications, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (polyquaterniums), is thought to have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. These polymers belong to a larger class of polymers, cationic polyelectrolytes, that are widely used in industry, largely for water treatment, and that have been extensively studied and regulated. The cosmetic polyquaterniums, however, have not been subject to the same scrutiny, eve
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Yang, Jeongwoo. "Fate and effect of alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in mixed aerobic and nitrifying cultures." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19871.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Spyros G. Pavlostathis; Committee Member: Ching-Hua Huang; Committee Member: John A. Pierson.
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Wang, Weijun. "A study of the adsorption properties of quaternized cellulose." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/WANG_WEIJUN_40.pdf.

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Naden, Alexandria Olessia. "Exploring theoretical origins of the toxicity of organic quaternary ammonium salts towards Escherichia coli using machine learning approaches." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-theoretical-origins-of-the-toxicity-of-organic-quaternary-ammonium-salts-towards-escherichia-coli-using-machine-learning-approaches(c022fd93-34cb-4989-aebb-dbca62a1765a).html.

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Quaternary ammonium salts are surface active bactericides. A mechanism of their biological activity has been well studied experimentally, and it encompasses two stages. The first stage involves electrostatic interactions of polar functional groups of the salts with oppositely charged functional groups on a bacterial cell surface, and the second stage includes incorporation of their lipophilic groups into a bacterial cell membrane. However, despite numerous experimental studies, computational modelling of this mechanism with the aim to support experimental observations with theoretical conclusi
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Sonawane, P. D. "Solvent thermodynamic, surface activity and compressibility behavior of fused quaternary ammonium salts in solvents of different dielectric constants." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2002. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2574.

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Tijen, Seyidoglu. "Purification And Modification Of Bentonite And Its Use In Polypropylene And Linear Low Density Polyethylene Matrix Nanocomposites." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612204/index.pdf.

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The potential use of Resadiye/Tokat bentonite as a reinforcement in polypropylene (PP) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer matrix nanocomposites filler was investigated. At first, organoclays (OC) were prepared by cation exchange reaction (CER) between the raw bentonite (RB) and three quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl tails (QA): hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide [HMA] [Br], tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA] [BF4], tetrakisdecyl ammonium bromide [TKA] [Br] and one quaternary phosphonium (QP) salt: tetrabutyl phosphonium tetrafluroborate [TBP] [BF4]. Charact
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Books on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

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Grabińska-Sota, Elżbieta. Ocena oddziaływania czwartorzędowych soli amoniowych na środowisko wodne. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2004.

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Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-389171-6.x5000-4.

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Jones, R. Alan. Quaternary Ammonium Salts (Best Synthetic Methods). Academic Press, 2001.

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Ingley, Francis L., and Francis L. 1921 Ingley. Polymerization Studies of Halogenated Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Salts... Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Jones, R. Alan. Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Their Use in Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2000.

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Quaternary ammonium salts: Their use in phase-transfer catalysed reactions. Academic, 2001.

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Angelo, Rudolph John. Synthetic and Polymerization Mechanism Studies of Unsaturated Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Hydroxides, Lecithins, and Other Phosphoaminolipids in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Hydroxides, Lecithins, and Other Phosphoaminolipids: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Hydroxides, Lecithins, and Other Phosphoaminolipids in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

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Sasson, Y. "Synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts." In Handbook of Phase Transfer Catalysis. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0023-3_3.

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Pozzi, Gianluca, and Richard H. Fish. "Fluoroponytailed Crown Ethers and Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysts in Organic Synthesis." In Topics in Current Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_240.

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Wu, Yuan Gen, Hui Tong, Shu Yi Qiu, and Xiao Wang. "Preparation and Bactericidal Properties of Nano-SiO2 Grafted with Macromolecular Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derivative of Alkylated Polyethylenimines." In High-Performance Ceramics V. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1519.

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"Quaternary Ammonium Salts." In Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645640.ch24.

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"Preface." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50000-3.

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"Abbreviations." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50001-5.

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Jones, R. Alan. "General Principles." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50002-7.

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Jones, R. Alan. "Simple Nucleophilic Exchange Reactions and Aromatic Substitution Reactions." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50003-9.

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Jones, R. Alan. "Formation of C—O Bonds." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50004-0.

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Jones, R. Alan. "Formation of C—S Bonds and Related Reactions." In Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012389171-6/50005-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

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Rovnaník, Pavel, and Tomáš Žižlavský. "Quaternary Ammonium and Pyridinium Salts as Modifiers of the Rheological Properties of Geopolymer Pastes." In 2024 10th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction & 2024 5th International Conference on Building Science, Technology and Sustainability. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9yno8c.

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The study investigates the impact of quaternary ammonium and pyridinium salts on the rheological properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer pastes, with a focus on their application in 3D printing technology The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of these salts increased both the plastic viscosity and yield stress of the geopolymer mixtures, with the effect intensifying with higher concentrations and longer aliphatic chains. The coefficient of consistency derived from Herschel-Bulkley model increased from 1.78 up to 3.83 Pa·sn and the yield stress rose from 3.4 up to 31.8 Pa. T
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Barmatov, Evgeny, Trevor Hughes, and Michaela Nagl. "Performance of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors on Carbon Steels and High Alloys in 4M Hydrochloric Acid." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05893.

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Abstract Matrix acidizing of oil and gas reservoirs is a widely established technique to increase hydrocarbon production. Strong mineral acids such as HCl or HCl/HF mixtures are injected into the well at high concentrations. For this application, corrosion inhibitors are enabling because uninhibited matrix acidizing treatment fluids would induce severe corrosion of downhole equipment. A broad range of organic film-forming corrosion inhibitors have been developed to retard the acid corrosion of coiled tubing and casing through which the acidizing fluids are injected. In this paper, the corrosio
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Prasad, Rupi. "Biocide Comparison: Aldehyde versus Mixture of Aldehyde and Quaternary Amine." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94273.

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Abstract Glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium chloride salts are widely used biocides in oil field systems to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). These biocides and others were evaluated for their efficacy to control sessile and planktonic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and aerobic bacteria. The efficacy of these biocides was then compared. In addition to laboratory evaluation, all the biocides were evaluated against SRB and acid producing bacteria in two different field waters. It was found that the blend containing aldehyde and quaternary amine was, in general, a more ef
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De Turris, Antonio, Matilde de Romero, Sankara Papavinasam, and Lisseth Ocando. "Synergistic Effect of Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria and CO2 on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Chemical Treatment to Control it." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3749.

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Abstract The combined effect of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and CO2 on the corrosion of carbon steel in produced water were investigated using a rotating cage. During the experiment, pH, planktonic SRB, and concentrations of sulphide, sulphate, iron, calcium and magnesium ions were monitored. After the experiment, the sessile SRB were enumerated by serial dilution and optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mass loss and laser profilometry were used to identify corrosion products, bacterial cell and corrosion rate. Both mass loss and localized pitting corrosion were two and thre
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De Turris, Antonio, Matilde de Romero, Sankara Papavinasam, and Rolando Lastra. "Effect of SRB, CO2, Crude Oil and Chemical Treatment on the Corrosivity of Synthetic Produced Water." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02213.

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Abstract The combined effect of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), CO2 and crude oil on the corrosion of carbon steel in produced water were investigated using a rotating cage. During the experiment, pH, planktonic SRB, and concentrations of sulphide, sulphate, iron, calcium and magnesium ions were monitored. After the experiment, the sessile SRB were enumerated by serial dilution and optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mass loss and laser profilometry were used to identify corrosion products, bacterial cell and corrosion rate. Both mass loss and localized pitting corrosion were t
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Amjad, Z., and R. W. Zuhl. "A New Look at Industrial Water System Fouling Caused by the Interaction of Anionic Deposit Control Agents and Cationic Water Treatment Chemicals." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02401.

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Abstract Industrial water system operators face many challenges ranging from deposition of unwanted materials, equipment (heat exchangers and pumps) corrosion, to environmental concerns (wastewater discharge impact). A wide variety of water treatment chemicals such as polycarboxylates, phosphonates, polyphosphates, and quaternary ammonium compounds are used to combat the problems of scaling, corrosion, and biological growth. These chemicals are generally effective under normal operating conditions. However, under certain stressed conditions, these treatment chemicals can interact with each oth
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Agarwala, V. S., and A. S. Fabiszewski. "Multifunctional Corrosion Inhibitors for Protective Coatings." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94616.

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Abstract A chemical system called DNBM (a mixture of quaternary ammonium salts of dichromate, nitrate, borate and molybdate) was developed to inhibit corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking, as well as general corrosion, in high strength steels and Aluminum alloys. In this study, DNBM in neat Compound form was examined as a possible substitute inhibitor in standard epoxy primer coatings. The DNBM was added into a very basic epoxy coating consisting of only one relatively inert pigment and also into a clear, resin-only system in order to determine it's isolated performance. The tests we
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Schmitt, G., C. Werner, and M. J. Schöning. "Microelectrochemical Efficiency Evaluation of Inhibitors for CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel under High Shear Stress Gradients." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02280.

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Abstract With flush mounted microelectrodes positioned in different distances from the center of a submerged jet, the wall shear stress distribution on the impinged surface can be measured up to jet nozzle flow velocities of 20 m/s with high lateral resolution. The paper shows for the first time that instead of using the hexacyanoferrate(II/III) redox system also the mass transport controlled cathodic hydrogen evolution from carbonic acid in CO2 solutions can be applied as a tracer system in electrochemical wall shear stress measurements. Thus, drag reduction and corrosion inhibition effects c
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Zhang, Yucheng, Kewei Gao, and Guenter Schmitt. "Inhibition of Steel Corrosion under Aqueous Supercritical CO2 Conditions." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11379.

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Abstract Rotated cage corrosion experiments (4 m/s) were performed with flat coupons of 2 carbon steels (38Mn6/C75, X65) and 3 corrosion resistant alloys [X20Cr13, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462, duplex) and X1NiCrMoCu 25-20-5 (1.4539; alloy 904L)] in water saturated with CO2 under conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). In this corrosion system the performance of inhibitors (oleic acid-based imidazolines, alkenylsuccinic acid anhydrides, and quaternary ammonium salts) was studied at 50, 80, 110 and 130°C using mass loss measurements and topographical scanning (in case of localized attack
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Cao, Fang, Shuji Luo, Anthony Mennito, et al. "A Mechanistic Study of Corrosion Inhibitor Partitioning and Performance in Sweet Corrosion Environments." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09399.

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Abstract Nitrogen containing surfactants (e.g. amines, amides, imidazolines, and quaternary ammonium salts) have been commonly used as active corrosion inhibitors in commercial corrosion inhibitor (CI) packages for many years to control corrosion of carbon steel pipelines in the oil and gas industry. However, in the literature, not many systematic studies have been done to compare the partitioning behavior and corrosion performance of nitrogen-based CIs with different functional groups, and their inhibition mechanisms are currently not fully understood. In this study, nitrogen-based model CI c
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Reports on the topic "Polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts"

1

Maayan, Galia, Richard H. Fish, and Ronny Neumann. Perfluorinated quaternary ammonium salts of polyoxometalate anions: Fluorous biphasic oxidation catalysis with and without fluorous solvents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842880.

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