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Books on the topic 'Potential antagonist'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Sirinathsinghji, Dalip J. S., and Ray G. Hill, eds. NMDA Antagonists as Potential Analgesic Drugs. Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8139-5.

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Rayat, Harnak Singh. The synthesis of potential steroid receptor antagonists. typescript, 1995.

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Henter, Ioline D., and Rodrigo Machado-Vieira. Novel therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0030.

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The long-term course of bipolar disorder (BD) comprises recurrent depressive episodes and persistent residual symptoms for which standard therapeutic options are scarce and often ineffective. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and glutamate and its cognate receptors have consistently been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and in the development of novel therapeutics for these disorders. Since the rapid and robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine were first observed in 2000, other NMDA

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4

Sirinathsinghji, Dalip J. S. NMDA Antagonists as Potential Analgesic Drugs. Springer, 2012.

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5

Scheipers, Sibylle. Clausewitz and the Eighteenth-Century Context of Partisan Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799047.003.0002.

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Clausewitz was an ardent analyst of partisan warfare. In 1810 and 1811, he lectured at the Berlin Kriegsschule, the war academy, on the subject of small wars. Clausewitz’s lectures focused on the tactical nature of small wars. However, the eighteenth-century context was by no means irrelevant for Clausewitz’s further intellectual development. On the contrary, he extrapolated from his analysis of the tactical nature of small wars their strategic potential, as well as their exemplary nature for the study of war as such. The partisan, in Clausewitz’s eyes, possessed exemplary qualities in that he

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6

Dalip J.S. Sirinathsinghji (Editor) and Ray G. Hill (Editor), eds. NMDA antagonists as potential analgesic drugs (Progress in Inflammation Research). Birkhäuser Basel, 2002.

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7

Steiner, Michel Alexander. Insomnia and beyond - Exploring the therapeutic potential of orexin receptor antagonists. Edited by Christopher J. Winrow. Frontiers SA Media, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-330-1.

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8

Ling, Walter, and Matthew Torrington. Integrative Approach to Opiates, Opioids, and Opiate Use Disorder. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0008.

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This chapter defines terms such as “opiate” and “opioid” and explains their physiological functions as agonist, antagonist, and partial agonist. It notes the long history of medicinal opioid use for acute pain, as well as the curse of addiction with chronic use, highlighting the three opioid use epidemics in the United States: the morphine addiction of the Civil War era, the heroin addiction of the Vietnam War era, and the current epidemic of prescription opioid addiction. The chapter describes the commonly encountered natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic opioids, noting their therapeutic us

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9

Shapiro, Benjamin. Ibogaine: History, Pharmacology, Spirituality, & Clinical Data. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0027.

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Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid derived from the African shrub Tabernathe iboga with broad anti-addictive, anti-depressant, and central nervous system stimulating effects. It is categorized as an oneriogen (or atypical hallucinogen) and has been used in West African tribal rituals for centuries. It was identified by French explorers in the early 1900s, came to the United States in the 1960s, and became marginalized in the mid-1990s after adverse outcomes halted federally funded human trials. Since then legal ibogaine treatment clinics have been established in countries without use restrictions.

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10

Webster, Wendy. The Empire Comes to Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735762.003.0004.

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This chapter looks at the many people who arrived in Britain from the British Empire—some to serve in the armed forces, others as war workers and wartime propagandists working at the BBC and in British cinema. Mixing between imperial allies produced many close friendships and camaraderie. The British media promoted a vision of an imperial community of allies. But wartime propaganda was potentially undermined by evidence of the practice of colour bars—in the empire and in Britain—and of tensions and antagonisms between imperial allies. Disruption of a publicly disseminated vision of a united em

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11

(Editor), H. John Smith, and Claire Simons (Editor), eds. Proteinase and Peptidase Inhibition: Recent Potential Targets for Drug Development. CRC, 2002.

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12

1930-, Smith H. J., and Simons Claire, eds. Proteinase and peptidase inhibition: Recent potential targets for drug development. Taylor & Francis, 2002.

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13

Fruhwald, Sonja, and Peter Holzer. Gastrointestinal motility drugs in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0040.

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Gastrointestinal motility disturbances in critically-ill patients often require treatment with prokinetic drugs. The aetiology of motility disturbances is complex, and involves electrolyte imbalances, hypervolaemia, reduced intestinal secretion, adverse effects of drugs (catecholamines, opioids, or sedatives) and disease- or treatment-related changes of microflora. However, the choice of prokinetics is narrow, and the multiplicity of pathophysiological mechanisms often limits their efficacy. Gastroparesis can be managed with gastrokinetics such as domperidone, metoclopramide and erythromycin.

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14

Rao, Shilpa, and Jerrold Lerman. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Prolonged QTc. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0070.

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A panoply of pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies are currently employed to attenuate the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children, including 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists can prolong the QT interval, which can be a precursor of torsades de pointes (TdP), particularly in children with congenital or acquired prolonged QT interval. This chapter summarizes the causes of prolonged QT interval, the potential interactions of prolonged QT interval with antiemetics and anesthetics, and strategies to prevent PONV.

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15

1943-, Greenwald Robert A., Golub Lorne M, and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases: Therapeutic potential. New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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16

Design of caspase inhibitors as potential clinical agents. Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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17

Design of Caspase Inhibitors as Potential Clinical Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors). CRC, 2008.

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18

Divya, Vohora, ed. The third histamine receptor: Selective ligands as potential therapeutic agents in CNS disorders. CRC Press, 2009.

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19

The Third Histamine Receptor: Selective Ligands as Potential Therapeutic Agents in CNS Disorders. CRC, 2008.

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20

Lameire, Norbert. Prevention of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0226_update_001.

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This chapter summarizes the pharmacological interventions that can be used in the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI). These following interventions are discussed: the use and selection of vasopressors; the administration of loop diuretics and mannitol; vasodilating drugs including dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide, nesiritide, fenoldopam, and adenosine antagonists. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast-induced AKI and cardiac surgery is discussed. The chapter concludes with a summary of the potential role of insulin-like growth factor and erythropoietin in the prev

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21

Najman, Albert, Athanasius Anagnostou, and Nicholas Dainiak. Negative regulators of hematopoiesis : Studies on their nature, action, and potential role in cancer therapy. New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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22

Athanasius, Anagostou, Dainiak Nicholas, Najman Albert, and International Conference on Negative Regulators of Hematopoiesis, (2nd : 1990 : Providence, R.I.), eds. Negative regulators of hematopoiesis: Studies of their nature, action, and potential role in cancer therapy. New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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23

Negative regulators of hematopoiesis: Studies on their nature, action, and potential role in cancer therapy. New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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24

Deater-Deckard, Kirby. The Social Environment and the Development of Psychopathology. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0021.

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The development of psychopathology involves a social context with powerful influences on the growth and maintenance of behavioral and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. The co-occurring processes of socialization (i.e., learning) and selection into relationships and experiences work together to reinforce adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes. Using self-regulation and social cognition as guiding concepts, research regarding social environments and their potential influences on psychopathology is highlighted. Family relationships with parents and peers are examined, with

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25

(Editor), Robert A. Greenwald, New York Academy of Sciences (Corporate Author), and Lorne M. Golub (Editor), eds. Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Therapeutic Potential (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences). New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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26

Churchill, Robert Paul. Warrior Masculinity and Female Victimization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0005.

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This chapter completes the reasons-explanation of the psychological factors making honor killing possible. It shows how violence-prone personality is shaped into warrior masculinity in contexts where functioning as a real, honorable man is believed to require the degradation of femininity and violent responses to alleged female misbehavior. This transition from potential aggression into violent action occurs through a learned process called the shame-to-power conversion. The chapter also investigates the behaviors and traits of potential victims, other female family members, and neighbors as f

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27

(Editor), M. Endo, Y. Kurachi (Editor), and M. Mishina (Editor), eds. Pharmacology of Ionic Channel Function: Activators and Inhibitors (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology). Springer, 2000.

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28

(Editor), R. Numerof, C. A. Dinarello (Editor), and K. Asadullah (Editor), eds. Cytokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Inflammatory Skin Diseases (Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop). Springer, 2005.

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29

(Editor), Robert A. Greenwald, New York Academy of Sciences (Corporate Author), and Lorne M. Golub (Editor), eds. Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases: Therapeutic Potential (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 732). New York Academy of Sciences, 1994.

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30

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. The opioid system and addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0010.

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The opioid system of the brain is the major target for opiate drugs such as morphine and heroin, and has been implicated in processes such as pain, stress and reward. Many of these effects take place at the mu opioid receptor (mOR), which is distributed throughout the brain. Significantly, genetic polymorphisms at the mOR may confer a greater dopamine response to the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and it has been suggested that addiction per se may be associated with alterations to the opioid system. There is evidence for the potential efficacy of mOR antagonists (e.g. naltrexone) in reducing

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31

Ren, Ke, and Ronald Dubner. The first crystal structure of an ionotropic glutamate receptor ligand-binding core. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0032.

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The known functional ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are composed of three major subtypes: AMPA, NMDA, and kainate. In 1998, in the landmark paper discussed in this chapter, Armstrong et al. provided the first crystal structure of an iGluR-subunit ligand-binding core, the S1S2 region of the rat GluA2 ‘flop’ isoform. They solved its structure with X-ray crystallography from selenomethonine crystals. They also identified residues involved in kainate binding, analysed allosteric sites that regulate affinity and specificity of the agonist, and mapped potential subunit–subunit interaction s

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32

Adler, Adam C., and Mehernoor Watcha. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Prolonged QTc. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0067.

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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a very common complication after a general anesthetic. In some cases the feeling of nausea has been accredited to being worse than the actual pain. There are a number of medications that can be utilized to combat PONV. Of note, some of these agents can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. It is imperative to know which drugs may predispose patients to arrhythmias such as prolonged QT intervals as well as how to prevent or treat PONV in the patient with prolonged QT interval. This chapter discusses the basics of cardiac electrophysiology regarding the QT inte

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33

Bannwarth, Bernard, and Francis Berenbaum. Systemic analgesics (including paracetamol and opioids). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0029.

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Apart from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there are only two categories of systemic analgesics, namely paracetamol (acetaminophen) and opioids, that are currently available worldwide for clinical use. Paracetamol is poorly effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, its safety profile is less favourable than classically thought. In fact, there is evidence paracetamol acts as a weak inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Given that paracetamol poses a lower risk of severe adverse events than NSAIDs while be

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34

Anagnostou, Athanasius, and Nicholas Dainiak. Negative Regulators of Hematopoiesis: Studies on Their Nature, Action, and Potential Role in Cancer Therapy (Annals of the New York Academy of Scien). New York Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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35

Stavrakakis, Yannis. Populism and Hegemony. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.26.

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How can theories of hegemony advance our understanding of populism? Against the background of Gramsci’s work, this chapter draws on Laclau, Mouffe, and other theoretical resources in order to illuminate what shapes and animates populist discourse, what overdetermines its hegemonic potential. We focus on populist articulatory practices as political interventions operating within a broader socio-symbolic as well as psycho-social terrain that both facilitates their formation and—at the same time—limits their scope. The chapter highlights thus the need to take into account the broader terrain of p

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36

Thomas, Damion L. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037177.003.0007.

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This concluding chapter explores the continued usage of sports as a U.S. foreign policy tool after the Mexico City Olympic protests. The United States as well as other global powers continued to utilize sport as a means to solidify friendships, antagonize rivals, and advance claims about the viability of their political, social, and economic systems. Two of the most widely used tactics to express displeasure with other nations were boycotts and the denial of visas for potential competitors. Conversely, sport continued to be viewed as a means to initiate and foster positive relationships. In th

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37

Kanduč, M., A. Schlaich, E. Schneck, and R. R. Netz. Interactions between biological membranes: theoretical concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0012.

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In this chapter we review the various types of generic (non-specific) forces acting between lipid membranes in an aqueous environment and discuss the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on the competing roles of enthalpic and entropic contributions. The interaction free energy (or interaction potential) is typically the result of a subtle interplay of several, often antagonistic contributions with comparable magnitude. First, we will briefly introduce the underlying physics of various kinds of surface–surface interactions, starting with theories of van der Waals and undulation interac

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38

Sampson, Brett G., and Andrew D. Bersten. Therapeutic approach to bronchospasm and asthma. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0111.

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The optimal management of bronchospasm and acute asthma is reliant upon confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma, detection of life-threatening complications, recognition of β‎2 agonist toxicity, and exclusion of important asthma mimics (such as vocal cord dysfunction and left ventricular failure). β‎2 agonists, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment. β‎2 agonists should be preferentially administered by metered dose inhaler via a spacer, and corticosteroids by the oral route, reserving nebulized (and intravenous) salbutamol, as well as intravenous hydrocortisone, f

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39

Hunter, Jennifer M., and Thomas Fuchs-Buder. Neuromuscular blockade and reversal. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0016.

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Over the past 70 years since the introduction of d-tubocurarine, the search for an ideal neuromuscular blocking agent has led to the development of the depolarizing drug, succinylcholine (suxamethonium), with its rapid onset of action and plasma metabolism, and a series of non-depolarizing agents of which there are two groups: benzylisoquinoliniums (e.g. atracurium, cisatracurium and mivacurium) and aminosteroidal agents (e.g. pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium). The need to monitor neuromuscular block perioperatively to ensure the appropriate dose of any neuromuscular blocking drug is giv

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40

Hummer, Hans. Visions of Kinship in Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797609.001.0001.

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What meaning did human kinship possess in a world regulated by biblical time, committed to the primacy of spiritual relationships, and bound by the sinews of divine love? In the process of exploring that question, this book offers a searching re-examination of kinship in Europe between late Roman times and the high Middle Ages, the period bridging Europe’s primitive past and its modern present. It critiques the modernist and Western bio-genealogical and functionalist assumptions that have shaped kinship studies since their inception in the nineteenth century, when biblical time collapsed and k

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41

Olkkola, Klaus T., Hugo E. M. Vereecke, and Martin Luginbühl. Drug interactions in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0021.

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When two or more drugs are administered simultaneously, the pharmacological response may be greater or less than the sum of the effects of the individual drugs. One drug may antagonize or potentiate the effects of the other and there may be also qualitative differences in response. Although some drug interactions increase the toxicity or result in loss of therapeutic effect, others are beneficial. Indeed, modern anaesthetic techniques depend on beneficial drug interactions. A sound combination of drugs helps clinicians to increase both the efficacy and safety of drug treatment. Drugs may inter

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