Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poulet de chair'
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Bouvarel, Isabelle. "Variations d'ingestion chez le poulet de chair lors d'une alimentation séquentielle." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005251.
Full textN'dri, Aya Lydie. "Etude des interactions entre génotype et environnement chez le poulet de chair et la poule pondeuse." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002277.
Full textQuentin, Maxime. "Une approche dynamique de la croissance des poulets de chair conception d'un modèle pratique : inavi." Rennes, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARB155.
Full textThe technical and economical results of a broiler flock result from complex interactions between the chicken and its environment in a broad sense (feed and farming conditions). One way to approach this complexity is to represent the system of meat chicken using a mechanistic model that might figure the diversity of today's genotypes and farming practices while remaining accessible to professionnals. INAVI simulates the hourly groth of a chicken as a function of nutritional and environmental parameters groped in sub-models. The animal is represented by a simplified diagram of its energy balance with few parameters including the cost of physical activity. At first, INAVI is calibrated to a reference feed intake curve and a reference growth curve. At each time step (1h) the actual feed intake is figured out by the simulation model from comparison of the calculated heat production with the reference heat production (thermostat). Inputs change the energy flows inside the model of simulation using laws of response implemented as accessible " lookups " (curves of responses). A user may adapt the model to his own data by changing these lookups. Results from several growth experiments groped in six publications, helped to validate the architecture and partly the funtionning of the model. Critical points of the prediction of chicken growth were identified. For instance, physical activity of broilers requires quantification by field evaluation using behavioural methods. This might lead to precise the efficiency of utilisation of energy (Ed) if body composition data adapted to the age and the today's genotypes are used
Le, Bihan-Duval Elisabeth. "Analyse genetique du syndrome des pattes tordues du poulet de chair." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112293.
Full textLe, Mignon Guillaume. "Cartographie fine de QTL responsables de la variabilité d’engraissement chez le poulet de chair." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARI051.
Full textAbdominal fatness (AF) is a secondary trait in chicken production. Excessive fatness reduces feed efficiency and represents an actual loss in the processed meat market. It is difficult to modify this heritable trait by selection because the measure of the trait occurs lately in the chicken life, is expensive and requires sacrificing animals. If the responsible genes for trait variability were known, it would be then possible to characterize fatness potential of animals from their youngest age so as to perform effective selection. During the first year of my thesis, a QTL detection program carried out on 1,300 animals design allowed us to detect and refine the location of 12 QTL responsible for the AF and breast muscle weight on chromosomes 1, 3, 5 and 7. Some of thses QTL show hight significant interactions with sex. Different QTL detection methods taking into account several QTL or traits then allowed us to refine the location to facilitate “causal” genes identification, limiting animal selection applications
Grisoni, Marie-Laure. "Rôle des acides aminés alimentaires dans la lipogénèse du poulet de chair." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30083.
Full textVILARINO, MARIA MERCEDES. "Identification de l'aliment par le jeune poulet de chair (gallus gallus domesticus)." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NSARB083.
Full textBizeray, Dorothée. "L' influence du comportement du poulet de chair sur les troubles locomoteurs." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10142.
Full textJallier, Vincent. "Digestion des galacto-oligosaccharides et effets nutritionnels chez le poulet de chair." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL039N.
Full textToday soyabean meal is largely used in the nutrition of monogastric animaIs. However, its digestibUity seerns not to be optimal for broiler chickens. Soya contains various molecules considered as indigestible, like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which L. Might be at least partly responsible for the limited value of metabolisable energy in chickens. The fact that GOS carmot be hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzymes of the host represents a loss of energy. Although the GOS can be fermented in the caeca, their contribution to the energetic balance value is unclear. Ln addition it is assumed that the presence of GOS in a feed has a negative impact on its energetic value. Ln the literature the effects of GOS on the nutritive value of a feed are still unclear because, even if GOS are considered as anti-nutritional factors, their presence in a feed is not correlated with a clear reduction of animal performance. A first experiment with concentration of GOS close to that of feed used in the poultry industry could not demonstrate anti-nutritional properties of these molecules. A second type of experiment based on the substitution of basal feed by GOS (replacement method) was performed to evaluate the energetic value of the GOS in vivo and deterrnine their effects on caecal fermentation, intestinal transit time and more generally on the digestibility of the feed. Ln addition an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the influence on the fermentation profile in relation to the quantities of GOS added. The results of the experiments showed that there is substantial pre-caecal disappearance of GOS from the gut, although the principal site of degradation is the caeca. The contribution of GOS to the energetic value of the feed seerns to be neutral despite an acceleration of the intestinal transit and a reduction of the dry matter digestibUity which were observed when high quantities of GOS were ingested. The fermentation pathway in the caeca was influenced dose-dependently a daily intake of "medium quantities" of GOS stirnulated the production of short chain fatty acids (AGCC) while the intake of "high quantities" of GOS decreased the production of AGCC and sti. Rnulated the production of lactate. The results obtained during the thesis showed that the major anti-nutritional consequence of the presenœ of GOS in the feed is a dilution of the digestible dry matter used by the animal for its growth
De, Basilio De Abreu Vasco Asis. "Acclimatation précoce des poulets de chair au climat tropical." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARB140.
Full textBourneuf, Emmanuelle. "Transcriptome hépatique et régulation génétique de la lipogenèse chez le poulet de chair." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARI036.
Full textAdam, Cécile. "Etude des pratiques en antibiothérapie dans la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC088.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance is now well recognized as a global and major public issue, and as such has been tackled through antibiotic stewardship. Decreasing antimicrobial use is a great challenge for livestock farming, especially for intensive production systems, which were among the more exposed in 2013. It is of great interest to search for drivers enabling to reduce antimicrobial use. The thesis objectives were thus to identify drivers for change, in an organized production system: Label Rouge traditional free-range broiler farming. A multi-disciplinary approach, combining sociology with epidemiology was used.First, a sociological study based on semi-directive interviews with farmers, production technicians and veterinarians was carried out in order to study professionals’ perceptions and practices related to antimicrobial use. Results highlight the adequacy between the imperative of decreasing antimicrobial use and farmers’ professional identity. Besides technical improvements, the coaching of farmers by counsellors whom they trust was also found to play an important role in changing their practices towards lower antimicrobial use.Second, a pharmaco-epidemiological case-control study was carried out. 260 flocks of broilers were investigated thanks to on-farm questionnaires, in order to identify the factors associated with antimicrobial use. Preventive technical tools such as herbal drugs or chicken paper were associated to a decreased use of antimicrobials. The way farmers judge their flock health was also significantly associated to antimicrobial use.Finally, a sociological study involving semi-directive interviews with directors and production technicians from three farmer organizations enabled to study the strategies developed by farmer organizations to reduce antimicrobial use. We found that the studied farmer organizations had various and relatively new approaches, which are hardly ever constituted of tools specifically designed to decrease antimicrobial use. Only one approach was a real and complete strategy, mostly based on organizational tools aiming to enroll the actors and coordinate the networks and have them apply the technical tools. The study shows that some farmer organizations can play an important role in antimicrobial use reduction, thanks to the different drivers they have to encourage farmers to change their practices.The combination of sociological and epidemiological approaches used in this study enabled to highlight a wide range of drivers for antimicrobial use in broiler breeding. This study also raises further questions on the role played by private stakeholders – such as distributors - in animal health in general, and antimicrobial use in particular
Couture, Catherine. "Modélisation de l'utilisation du phosphore et du calcium alimentaires chez le poulet de chair." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66286.
Full textCarre, Wilfrid. "Etude de la variabilité génétique de l'état d'engraissement chez le poulet de chair par analyse différentielle des ARN messagers hépathiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NSARI025.
Full textGuardia, Sarah. "Effets de phytobiotiques sur les performances de croissance et l'équilibre ou microbiote digestif du poulet de chair." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4041/document.
Full textThe banning of antibiotic growth promoters for livestock feeding led to the development of several alternatives, including phytobiotics. However, their efficiency as growth promoters is inconstant between scientific studies and their mechanisms of action are poorly known. In the present work, the rearing conditions strongly affect the efficiency of two phytobiotics models. They improved the chickens’ growth performance when the rearing conditions were unfavorable to the growth. When strongly deteriorated, the combination of phytobiotics showing various biological activities was more efficient. As the phytobiotics used in the present study contains numerous molecules with an in vitro antibacterial activity, the impact of those phytobiotics on chickens’ digestive microbiota was studied in vivo. Changes in chickens’ digestive microbiota were observed which could partly explain the chickens’ growth improvement
Temim, Soraya. "Effet de l'exposition chronique à la chaleur et de l'ingéré protéique sur le métabolisme protéique du poulet de chair en finition." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30018.
Full textRose, Nicolas. "Epidémiologie analytique de Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica dans les élevages de poulets de chair : proposition d'une méthode d'estimation du risque de contamination des lots pouvant être intégrée dans des programmes d'assurance qualité." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10232.
Full textFloradin, Piterson. "Réduction du risque environnemental associé au phosphore alimentaire chez le poulet de chair par une diminution du phosphore soluble dans les effluents." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29848.
Full textCyanobacteria or blue-green algae, responsible for eutrophication in watercourses, remain problematic in intensive farming areas in Quebec. One of the main causes of their development is leaching and runoff of phosphorus (P) applied, a phenomenon whose incidence is proportional to the percentage of P in soluble form in the excreta. The limitation of P releases of this form represents a major challenge in terms of the sustainability of livestock systems in Quebec. This is even more important considering the large safety margin regarding the use of ingredients rich in P (e.g. phosphate, phytase, DDGS) at Quebec. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to introduce encapsulated ingredients into the broiler diet to insolubilize the non-absorbed P in the intestine and thereby reduce the water-soluble P (WSP) excretion and related environmental problems, without compromising their performances. A first experiment evaluated the impact of the addition of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) sulfate encapsulated in broiler diets on water-soluble P (WSP) excretion and phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) retention. It has been shown that the addition of Fe and Al encapsulated decreased WSP excretion as expected and this, without modifying growth performances and P retention indicating that P is insolubilized after the main absorption sites. This is probably due to the formation of insoluble Fe / Al and PO4 3- complexes after the P has passed through the main absorption sites. In a second experiment, Fe sulphate was preferred to Al given that it is already allowed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate whether it is necessary to encapsulate iron sulfate (Fe) in broilers diet to reduce WSP excreted in broiler litter. In addition to WSP, the apparent jejunal and ileal digestibility of minerals (Ca, Fe and P) and Fe accumulation in kidneys and liver as well as bone mineralization were also studied. The results revealed that addition of iron sulfate encapsulated or not in the diet of chickens reduces growth performance and does not insolubilize the P in the litter. This is partly due to the adverse effect of high Fe concentration on bone mineralization and bone remodeling, inducing an increase in urinary excretion of P, a form mainly soluble. An unexpected result is that the addition of Fe is effective to improve the digestibility of total P and Ca by an increase of hydrolysis of phytic P. This work was a first step to evaluate the potential of the encapsulation to target the active ingredients downstream of the absorption sites and better understand the mechanisms that govern the fate of P in the gastro-intestinal tract. The knowledge generated in these studies will guide future studies towards the choice of other active ingredients (calcium salts, for example) more promising and more stable to the particular conditions that prevailing in commercial poultry litter. Key Words: Water soluble phosphorus, broiler, iron sulfate, alum, micro-encapsulation.
Jansseune, Samuel C. G. "Pro- and Postbiotics in Broiler Feed : The matrix reassessed." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASL016.
Full textProbiotics (beneficial live micro-organisms, often bacteria), and more recently postbiotics (dead beneficial micro-organisms and/or compounds produced during their growth), have received increasing interest by feed producers to improve the growth and health of broiler chickens. This thesis describes research to determine the effects of the heat process to produce a postbiotic (Post) from a probiotic (Pro) on the composition and the way both affect the growth and physiology of broilers. In the first laboratory experiment, the composition of small molecules (= metabolome) of Pro and Post additives was assessed and what impact the heat treatment has. It was shown that the heat treatment to produce Post had minor effects on the metabolome. Next, the effect of Post on an immune cell (macrophages) of chickens was investigated and showed that Post was increasing the inflammatory response of the cells. To assess effects of Pro and Post in broiler chickens, three experiments were conducted under practical housing conditions (= in vivo). The first experiment evaluated if the composition of the diet (standard v.s. growth-depressing challenge diet) can influence the way Pro and Post work. Both feed additives contained their commercial carriers (= mixture used to carry an additive as a dry powder). Pro and Post increased growth and modified the caecal bacterial population (= the microbiota) only in broilers fed the challenge diet. In the second experiment, the reproducibility of this growth promoting effect of Pro and Post with their carriers was evaluated using two different challenge diets. Unlike the first experiment, Pro and Post did not improve broiler growth. The third in vivo experiment had two aims. Firstly, it investigated if the commercial carriers change the way Pro and Post affect the broiler chicken. Second, it assessed if expression of genes in the blood, small intestinal segments (jejunum and ileum) and in an immune organ of the caeca (the tonsils), as well as on the microbiota and metabolites in ileal and caecal digesta are affected by Pro and Post. The results showed that broiler growth was improved by Pro but not by Post, whilst the presence of their commercial carriers reduced and increased growth, respectively. Pro (without its carrier) lowered inflammation in the jejunal and caecal tonsil tissues, while Post had very limited and unclear effects. The data of the latter third experiment were further analysed to identify parameters associated with broiler growth. The gene expression data indicated that broilers reaching a greater body weight at 35 days had reduced inflammation in jejunal tissue. For Pro without carrier, and for Pro and Post with carrier to be beneficial for broiler growth, challenging conditions are required. The carriers changed the effects of Pro and Post. Pro without carrier had a beneficial effect on growth and lowered intestinal inflammation. This effect was likely due to the viable cells in Pro and/or components that are degraded by the heat treatment to produce Post from Pro. Furthermore, lowering intestinal inflammation may allow for improvements in growth and health in broiler production
David, Sarah-Anne. "Impact de l'acclimatation embryonnaire à la chaleur sur des modifications post-traductionnelles des histones chez le poulet." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4036.
Full textPerinatal environment changes may alter gene expression throughout life via epigenetic modifications. A strategy to improve thermal tolerance of heat-sensitive chickens is a thermalmanipulation during embryogenesis (TM). During a heat challenge at the end of the rearing period (D35), modifications of gene expression have been reported in thermally-manipulated chickens. These alterations could be linked to epigenetic modifications induced during the TM that persist throughout life. This work focused on two histone post-translational modifications (HPTM): H3K27me3 and H3K4me3. We adjusted two methods of chromatin immunoprecipitation to conduct a whole genome study of these HPTM at D35, in the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle. We demonstrated that the TM has a major impact in the hypothalamus, especially on H3K4me3. These alterations seem to modulate the hypothalamic morphogenesis and its response to hormones, therefore possibly contributing to better adaptive capacities of TM chickens
Bergoug, Hakim. "Effet de la durée entre l’éclosion et la mise en élevage des poussins d'un jour sur les performances zootechniques, la santé et le bien-être des poulets de chair." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB297.
Full textHolding period between hatch time (HT) of chicks in incubator and their placement in farm is critical for broilers’ development. This holding period is composed of hatch window (HW: duration between HT of the first chick and takeoff of the whole batch of chicks from the incubator), post-hatch manipulations and transportation duration (TD) to the farm. The objective of this thesis was to study the effect of the holding period duration on growth performance, health and welfare of broilers during rearing period. Our work was divided into two studies. Each study was composed of three experiments. The first study focused on the effect of the HW on dehydration, growth performances, intestinal enzyme activity and severity of pododermatitis in broilersThe second study focused on the effect of TD on dehydration, animal performance and severity of pododermatitis in broilers. It was shown that late hatched chicks (0-7h before takeoff) are of lower quality. They lose more weight during the first eight days of rearing. This weight loss, does not last until slaughter. Our observations have shown that after a TD of 4 or 10h, the chicks’ growth was reduced during the first three weeks of rearing compared to chicks that were not transported, but this effect did not last until slaughter. In addition, TD had no clear effect on dehydration, mortality, feed efficiency and severity of pododermatitis
Heck, Ariane. "Maturation folliculaire ovarienne chez la poule reproductrice de type chair : effet de la restriction alimentaire et implication du système IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor)." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4016.
Full textOuyed, Abida. "Réduction des rejets de phosphore dans la litière des poulets de chair." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22954/22954.pdf.
Full textWiratsudakul, Anuwat. "Mathematical modelling of the infectious spread of avian influenza on a backyard chicken production chain in Thailand." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22469/document.
Full textHighly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) was recognized in Thailand by multiple epidemic waves and some sporadic cases between 2004 and 2008 but the risk of disease remerging in Thailand still remains up to present. Most of HPAI H5N1 confirmed outbreaks in Thailand occurred in backyard chicken populations. Backyard chickens are reared for many purposes including for additional cash income. Backyard chicken trade is informally managed by poultry traders which can be categorized into trader–slaughterhouse (TS), household trader (HT) and trader of trader (TT). These traders roam around different villages with the same unclean vehicle and facilities. Thus, their trade patterns in space and time are necessary to be elaborately studied. In our study, we developed a spatial compartmental stochastic dynamic model of backyard chicken trade network in a province of Thailand. Our model results indicated that the structure of poultry networks may contribute to HPAI H5N1 spread through overlapped catchment areas and long distance trades. Also, temporal variations of live poultry movements were observed during some major ritual festivals especially Chinese New Year. Subsequently, we developed an SIR model upon the dynamic model of backyard chicken trade network. It was assumed in this study that the disease can spread by two means: local spread to neighboring uninfected villages and spread by poultry traders. Then, we used this baseline infectious model to test multiple related control measures. Our ultimate results suggested that a complete ban of all poultry traders should be promptly implemented with poultry area disinfection campaign once the outbreak occurs
Madec, Iltud. "Effets du sémiochimique MHUSA (Mother Hens' Uropygial Secretion Analogue) sur le stress des poulets de chair : approches zootechnique, physiologique et comportementale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7819/1/madec.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Duc Hung. "Utilisation des feuilles de Leucaena leucocephala dans les aliments pour poulets de chair." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ48945.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Nadia. "Impacts de l'alimentation végétale, de la phytase et de la saison sur la composition de la litière et les performances zootechniques des coqs à chair." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27819/27819.pdf.
Full textLacroix, Jean-Paul. "Utilisation de lactose et de levures viables, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, var. boulardii, dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25630.pdf.
Full textAudren, Guillaume P. "Performances et rendement de carcasse des poulets de chair standards, intermédiaires et Labels, sous deux programmes alimentaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38001.pdf.
Full textNahas, Joseph. "Effets de l'incorporation des céréales entières dans la ration alimentaire sur les performances des poulets de chair." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38164.pdf.
Full textAwono-Bessa, Cyprien. "Les déterminants microéconomiques de la consommation urbaine de poulets de chair dans les pays du sud : cas du Cameroun et d’Haïti." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARE026.
Full textA galloping demography and inadequate coverage in meat products, has incited Cameroon and Haïti to open their markets to importation. The competition between imported and local flesh chicken would have been the cause of the collapse of many pultry hysbandry and the loss of several employments. In the absence of information on the evolution of food habits and trend of local poultry sector, this thesis analyses micro-economic determinants of chicken consumption in urban aera of developing countries on the basis of case studies in Yaoundé (Cameroun) and Port-au-Prince (Haïti). In the first chapter, we implant a partial equilibrium model of chicken market in Cameroun, which clarifies the nature of earnings and economic losses consecutive to epening of borders. In the second chapter, we describe the methodology of investigation in both countries. The main results show that local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken breeding in semi-industrialized farms continues to be preferred and consumed by households with high income, in Haiti, this chicken has practically disappeared and the consumers have adopted the I mported chicken who proves to be more pratical and more accessible because it is sold by pieces. The chapter 3 introduces a bibliographic review of micro economic approaches of food consumption
BOULLIOU, ANNIE. "Etude des copies virales endogenes, type alv, des poulets de chair. Recherche du mecanisme moleculaire de la mutation emplumement lent et de son lien au provirus ev-21." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10048.
Full textBroders, Florence. "Analyse de la transcription des genes alpha globine dans les erythroblastes aviaires normaux et transformes par un retrovirus." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077023.
Full textAnkouche, Rachid. "Facteurs de risque associés à la prévalence d'aérosacculite à l'abattoir chez le poulet de chair." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7168.
Full textGuetchom, Boniface. "Rôle d'un ajout de vitamine E alimentaire dans la prévention de la myopathie du poulet de chair." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5106.
Full textPrevious studies have shown that vitamin E deficiency could lead to nutritional myopathy in broiler chickens. Vitamin E was added to a conventional commercial diet to evaluate its effect on breast and thigh muscle fibers degeneration in broiler chickens. Male chickens ROSS 308 (n = 1100) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (a commercial diet with 25 to 50 mg of extra vitamin E per kg of commercial diet and a commercial diet without extra vitamin E). Chickens were randomly divided into 10 pens (five replicates per treatment). Body weight and feed intake were monitored weekly. At d28, d35, d42 and d49 blood from chickens were sampled and assayed for level of vitamin E and creatine kinase (CK) activity. Both Pectoralis superficialis and Adductor magnus muscles from chickens were sampled for histological examination at d28, d42 and d49, and degenerated fibers were numbered. Plasma levels of vitamin E were higher in the supplemented group (P = 0.001), whereas activity of CK was high in both groups, but not significantly different (P = 0.20) due to strong fluctuations in CK activities within groups of these fast growing chickens. Pectoralis superficialis muscle had more damaged fibers than adductor’s in both groups. There were less degenerated fibers in pectoral muscle from d28 chickens receiving the supplemented diet. These results suggested that adding vitamin E into conventional diet increases plasma vitamin E and decreases the number of degenerated muscle fibers within pectoral muscle of young chickens. Measuring the CK activity in plasma is not sufficient for early detection of nutritional myopathy in broiler chicken’s farms.
Gaucher, Marie-Lou. "Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique d'isolats de Salmonella provenant de caeca de poulets de chair dans quatre abattoirs sous inspection fédérale au Québec." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18282.
Full textNormand, Valérie. "Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique d'isolats de Campylobacter SPP isolés de poulet de chair dans les abattoirs du Québec." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17498.
Full textBélanger, Mathieu. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'infection expérimentale d'entérite nécrotique clinique chez le poulet de chair par des facteurs prédisposants." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7181.
Full textMaduro, Lila. "Une nouvelle stratégie de vaccination contre Salmonella Enteritidis, chez le poulet de chair : «les vésicules externes de membrane bactérienne»." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20695.
Full textRamahefarisoa, Rondro M. "Facteurs influençant la réponse immunitaire humorale suite à la vaccination avec un vaccin vivant contre la maladie de Gumboro chez le poulet de chair." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5750.
Full textIn Quebec, Canada, broilers chickens are slaughtered from 33 to 40 days of age depending on the targeted market. Considering the withdrawal period of 21 days following vaccination, chickens would have to be vaccinated in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high dose of vaccine and high dietary concentration of vitamin E in circumventing the MDA. A normal dose vaccine containing 104.35 TCID50/ml/bird and a higher dose containing 105.35 TCID50/ml/bird were used on 1200 chickens, which were divided into 4 groups housed in 8 pens: a high dose of vaccine in which all chickens were given 105.35 TCID50/ml (HD100%), a high dose in which 10% of the birds were vaccinated (HD10%), a normal dose as prescribed by the manufacturer in which all birds received 104.35 TCID50/ml (ND100%), and unvaccinated control groups. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups; one was supplemented with 50 to 100 IU/kg of vitamin E and the other was supplemented with 20 to 27 IU/kg. The result of this study showed that the vaccine virus was able to circumvent the MDA, which persisted until 20 days of age, and to initiate a high antibody response. The study also showed that the vaccine virus was able to spread by direct and indirect contact within the pen and to the next pens. No reversion to the virulence or mutation of VP2 nucleotide was detected from the contact vaccinated birds. Vitamin E at the concentration of 50 to 100 IU/kg of the diet induced significantly elevated antibody response against IBDV.
Thibodeau, Alexandre. "Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique de Campylobacter jejuni et évaluation d’une stratégie de contrôle de la colonisation du poulet de chair par ce pathogène alimentaire." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10494.
Full textCampylobacter jejuni is the bacterium responsible for campylobacteriosis. It is a human pathogen of concern for public health. One of the transmission routes of this bacteria to humans is by the food chain through poultry meat products. The mechanisms involved in the commensal caecum chicken colonization by C. jejuni are poorly characterized, despite that increasing the knowledge on these mechanisms would allow a better control of the pathogen at the farm. The objectives of this study were to characterize the phenotypic and genetic factors affecting chicken colonization by C. jejuni and to identify news mechanisms involved in this process. Isolates, recovered from chicken caecal content sampled from conventional farms in 2003 and in 2008 as well as originating from organic farms sampled in 2009, were used. All strains were characterized for their antibiotic resistance profiles (AMR), autoagglutination and chemotaxis properties. Strains originating from conventional farms were further characterized for adhesion/invasion of primary chicken caecal cells. A new microarray was created to detect the presence of 254 genes and variants, all associated with chicken colonization or AMR. An association was made between the strains phenotypic properties and their gene content. Finally, strains possessing different phenotypic and genetic properties were used in a chicken colonization model to assess the efficacy of a novel feed additive to control chicken colonization by C. jejuni. Strains had variable phenotypic properties and these properties were not correlated, with the exception of adhesion and invasion. The microarray analysis revealed that gene presence was highly variable among the strains, especially for genes involved in the bacterial envelope, the flagella, the chemotaxis receptors and arsenic resistance. The 2003 and 2008 strains had similar phenotypic and genetic properties. Some genes, present in strains possessing higher or lower chicken colonization potentials, were identified. The feed additive was successful in reducing chicken carcass contamination but it increased bacterial caecal counts for some strains. C. jejuni was isolated from half of the sampled organic farms and strains originating from this type of production had low AMR and variable phenotypic properties.
Trudeau, Sandrine. "Le transfert de l’écosystème microbien fécal des oiseaux contribue à l’établissement du microbiote de surface des œufs pondus : application aux oiseaux reproducteurs de poulet de chair." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22620.
Full textBoubendir, Selmane. "Étude de la contamination des carcasses de poulets de chair par Salmonella aux différentes étapes du procédé d’abattage et dans l’environnement de deux abattoirs au Québec." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22610.
Full textDuarte, Ana Filipa Pedreira. "Validation de deux méthodes de collecte fécale sur l'efficacité d'un nouveau principe actif sur les performances zootechniques, la digestibilité et la disponibilité du calcium et di phosphore chez le poulet de chair." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2500.
Full textEste trabalho teve como objectivo a comparação de dois métodos de recolha de fezes (colheita total e colheita parcial/grab sampling) no estudo dos efeitos de um aditivo na digestibilidade do cálcio e do fósforo, nas performances zootécnicas e na qualidade do osso de frangos de carne. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre os diferentes métodos utilizados para a determinação da digestibilidade do cálcio e do fósforo, sobre a importância destes dois minerais na alimentação do frango de carne, sobre a enzima fitase e ainda sobre os efeitos do aditivo na espécie avícola. A experiência foi efectuada numa estação experimental, utilizando-se 160 frangos de carne Ross PM3. A todos os animais foi fornecida uma alimentação com base de milho e farelo de soja. Foram comparados cinco tratamentos diferentes tendo sido realizadas oito repetições por cada tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram num tratamento controlo negativo (sem adição de fitase ou aditivo), um tratamento com fitase (0,2%), dois tratamentos que diferiram na dose de aditivo adicionado (0,1% e 0,3%) e finalmente, um tratamento com aditivo e fitase (0,1% e 0,2% respectivamente). As fezes dos animais foram recolhidas através do método de colheita total (3 dias de colheita) e do método de colheita parcial (12 horas de colheita). Foram analisadas as performances zootécnicas (consumo médio diário, ganho médio diário e índice de conversão), o peso, o comprimento, a força máxima à fractura e o pequeno e grande diâmetro da tíbia direita de cada animal. A matéria mineral, o cálcio e o fósforo da mesma foram também analisados. Finalmente, a digestibilidade mineral, a digestibilidade do cálcio e a digestibilidade do fósforo foram igualmente determinadas. Os resultados foram sujeitos à análise de variância designada por ANOVA bem como a um teste de comparação dois a dois designado por LSD (programa SPSS). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os diferentes tipos de recolha de fezes. As performances zootécnicas foram melhoradas com a adição de aditivo (+4% para o peso vivo e -1% para o IC), embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05). O aditivo teve um efeito positivo significativo na digestibilidade mineral e na digestibilidade do cálcio em ambos os métodos de colheita fecal. Este efeito foi superior quando foi adicionada uma maior quantidade de aditivo. As medições referentes aos ossos não foram significativamente influenciadas pelo aditivo. No entanto, a forte correlação existente entre os parâmetros físicos e químicos demonstra um possível favorecimento das mesmas com a adição do aditivo em estudo. A taxa de recuperação das CIAC (cinzas insolúveis em ácido cítrico) registada neste estudo comprometeu a validação do método indirecto de recolha de fezes. Este método permite a redução do tempo de trabalho e torna o processo de recolha mais simples. No entanto, a sua eficácia face ao método da colheita total não foi confirmada, uma vez que não foi observada a recuperação total do marcador (CIAC). Estudos complementares com um efectivo animal maior poderão confirmar os resultados deste estudo, nomeadamente o interesse zootécnico e os efeitos deste aditivo na digestibilidade mineral.
Turcotte, Catherine. "Impacts de divers régimes d’élevage sur l’abondance des gènes de résistance et sur le microbiote cæcal de poulets de chair au Québec." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24700.
Full textThe ever-increasing problem of antibiotic resistance makes routine use of antibiotics in animal production no longer considered as a reasonable and viable practice. Preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics represents a major challenge for public and animal health. The Chicken Farmers of Canada have developed and are implementing an Antimicrobial Use Reduction Strategy which ultimate goal is eliminating the preventive use of medically-important antibiotics in broiler chicken and turkey productions. While it is known that the reduction of antibiotics in broiler chicken farms is associated with an increase in the incidence of necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens, to which a proportion of this bacterial population produces the enterotoxin who can also generates consequences for human health, very little is known about the real overall impact of an antibiotic use reduction strategy in complex ecosystems such as the bird intestine or the commercial broiler chicken farm. The main objectives of the present study were to quantify the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, to assess the presence of Clostridium perfringens and his enterotoxin and to characterize the composition of the cæcal microbiota in broiler chicken flocks from six commercial farms located in Québec and submitted to either a short-term conventional or drug-free program (15 months) or a long-term conventional or judicious antibiotic use program (six years). Implementing an antibiotic-free program over a 15-month period did not reduce the abundance of many antibiotic resistance-encoding genes, whereas a judicious use of antibiotics over six years did. The short-term antibiotic withdrawal and the long-term judicious use strategy altered the cæcal microbiota composition, with Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families being negatively impacted, in agreement with the lower production performance and with the increased C. perfringens populations observed for farms phasing out the use of antibiotics in a short-term antibiotic withdrawal. Adopting a long-term conventional rearing program on commercial broiler chicken farms selected for specific antibiotic resistance-encoding genes in many barns. This study highlights the potential impacts of different rearing programs in poultry production and will help guide future policies in order to reduce the use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance.
Gaucher, Marie-Lou. "Étude de l'impact de deux traitements, dont un sans antibiotiques, sur la santé digestive et les populations de Clostridium perfringens dans des élevages de poulets de chair." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13372.
Full textMeniaï, Ilhem. "Utilisation de la vaccinologie réverse pour l’identification de protéines candidates vaccinales chez Clostridium perfringens causant l’entérite nécrotique aviaire." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24261.
Full textAvian necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens is a disease with a major economical impact, generating losses up to 6 billion dollars for the poultry industry worldwide. This disease appears in broiler chicken flocks that no longer employ the use of antibiotics. To date, no alternative method allows for the efficient prevention of necrotic enteritis (NE) and a control by a vaccinal strategy would be mostly prized. A comparative genomics approach as well as comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology identifying immunogenic bacterial surface proteins is one of the most promising methodologies for the rapid development of an efficient vaccine. A comparative genomic study was performed on 48 C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens and from broilers affected by necrotic enteritis. From this study, it was established that the genomes analyzed were composed of 155 700 distinct proteins where 13% were predicted to have an extracellular expression, 65% at the cytoplasma level and 22% within the plasma membrane. The evaluation of the immunogenic potential of these proteins was established with the prediction software VaxiJen v2.0 for which a 0.5 threshold score allowed for the identification of four score categories among the identified proteins, from 0.5 to 1.5. For the most part, proteins with the highest scores were associated with an extracellular localisation. The combination of the immunogenicity score and localisation of the analysed proteins led to the selection of 12 vaccinal candidate proteins that were mostly identified as hypothetical. A more in-depth description of these proteins would allow the assessment of their function, the evaluation of their true immunogenic potential by characterizing their interaction with the avian immune system and ultimately, evaluate their probable role in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis.