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Journal articles on the topic 'Process affinity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kaula, Rajeev. "Affinity Clusters for Business Process Intelligence." International Journal of Database Management Systems 10, no. 5 (2018): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdms.2018.10501.

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Thakur, A., H. Mallory, K. Chung, D. Vallabhaneni, U. Dharmasiri, and R. Legmann. "Oncolytic virus scalability affinity chromatography process." Cytotherapy 22, no. 5 (2020): S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.271.

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3

Luong, J. H. T., K. B. Male, A. L. Nguyen, and A. Mulchandani. "Mathematical modeling of affinity ultrafiltration process." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32, no. 4 (1988): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320407.

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4

Clonis, Y. D., K. Jones, and C. R. Lowe. "Process scale high-performance liquid affinity chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 363, no. 1 (1986): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)88989-x.

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5

WANG, Lin, Yongjian ZHANG, and Shisheng ZHONG. "Typical process discovery based on affinity propagation." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 10, no. 1 (2016): JAMDSM0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2016jamdsm0001.

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6

Sun, Y., L. Y. Li, and X. Y. Dong. "Multistage affinity cross-flow filtration: process optimization." Bioprocess Engineering 16, no. 4 (1997): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050313.

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7

de Lucena, S. L., R. G. Carbonell, and C. C. Santana. "Peptide affinity chromatography process for adsorption of fibrinogen." Powder Technology 101, no. 2 (1999): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(98)00169-7.

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8

Doria-Rose, Nicole A., and M. Gordon Joyce. "Strategies to guide the antibody affinity maturation process." Current Opinion in Virology 11 (April 2015): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.002.

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9

Sharp, Julia L., John J. Borkowski, Denise Schmoyer, et al. "Statistically appraising process quality of affinity isolation experiments." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 53, no. 5 (2009): 1720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2008.05.011.

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10

Luong, J. H. T., K. B. Male, and A. L. Nguyen. "A continuous affinity ultrafiltration process for trypsin purification." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31, no. 6 (1988): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310603.

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11

Vyas, H. K., J. M. Izco та R. Jiménez-Flores. "Scale-Up of Native β-Lactoglobulin Affinity Separation Process". Journal of Dairy Science 85, № 7 (2002): 1639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74236-7.

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12

Li, Qilin, Wanquan Liu, and Ling Li. "Affinity learning via a diffusion process for subspace clustering." Pattern Recognition 84 (December 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2018.07.002.

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13

Garden, J. L., H. Guillou, J. Richard, and L. Wondraczek. "Affinity and its derivatives in the glass transition process." Journal of Chemical Physics 137, no. 2 (2012): 024505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4733333.

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14

Kangas, Petteri, Francisco Vidal Vázquez, Jouni Savolainen, Risto Pajarre, and Pertti Koukkari. "Thermodynamic modelling of the methanation process with affinity constraints." Fuel 197 (June 2017): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.02.029.

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15

Horn, C. S., M. S. Doulah, W. Stannek, and W. O. George. "Computer-aided process design: The design of an affinity-based continuous separation process." Computers & Chemical Engineering 20 (January 1996): S127—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(96)00032-4.

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16

Moore, Sharonp P., Alexander Rich, and Richard Fishel. "The human recombination strand exchange process." Genome 31, no. 1 (1989): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-012.

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A mechanism for the initiation of general recombination that involves the formation of left-handed Z-DNA heteroduplex segments adjacent to right-handed B-DNA heteroduplex segments is discussed. The paranemic nature of this initiation structure allows for homology recognition in the absence of strand cleavage. This model suggests that proteins catalyzing recombination initiation via the formation of paranemic joint should in some capacity recognize Z-DNA. Other studies have shown that both the RecA protein of Escherichia coli and the Rec1 protein of Ustilago maydis have a greater affinity for Z

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17

Liapis, Athanasios I. "Modelling Affinity Chromatography." Separation and Purification Methods 19, no. 2 (1990): 133–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602549008050935.

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18

Tsourkas, Philippos, Wanli Liu, Somkanya Das, Susan Pierce, and Subhadip Raychaudhuri. "Discrimination of membrane antigen affinity by B cells requires dominance of kinetic proofreading over serial triggering (112.10)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 112.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.112.10.

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Abstract B cells receptor (BCR) signaling in response to membrane-bound antigen increases with antigen affinity, a process known as affinity discrimination. However, if BCR molecules become signaling-capable immediately upon binding antigen, the decrease in serial engagement as affinity increases results in weaker signaling as affinity increases. We use computational modeling to show that a threshold time (kinetic proofreading) for antigen to stay bound to BCR before the latter becomes signaling-capable is needed to overcome the decrease in serial engagement with increasing antigen affinity, a

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19

Song, Ji Eun, Su Mi Kim, and Hye Rim Kim. "Improvement of dye affinity in natural dyeing using Terminalia chebula retzius (T. chebula) applied to leather." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (2017): 610–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2017-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the dye affinity of natural dye of Terminalia chebula retzius (T. chebula) using the dye substrate of leather. Design/methodology/approach The dyeing conditions such as temperature, concentration of dye, and time are controlled by measuring the dye affinity. The effect of enzymatic post-tanning process on dye affinity is evaluated by using different type of proteases such as flavourzyme, alcalase, and bromelain. The optimum conditions for enzymatic post-tanning process are evaluated depending on different pH, temperature, and concentration of enz

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20

Fonseca, L. P., and J. M. S. Cabral. "Optimization of a pseudo-affinity process for penicillin acylase purification." Bioprocess Engineering 20, no. 6 (1999): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050623.

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21

Gourdine, Christopher, Justin Edgren, Thomas Trice, and Joseph Zlatic. "Social Affinity Flow Theory." Journal of Bahá’í Studies 29, no. 4 (2019): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-29.4.3(2019).

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This article presents a new theoretical construct, Social Affinity Flow Theory (SAFT), which both describes and predicts fl ow phenomena across a diversity of human social systems and is founded upon constructal law. Constructal law and its associated s-curves describe many phenomena, both in nature and in human societies. Extrapolated from the work of Bejan and Zane and integrating social science research, it provides a foundational explanation of social rifts prevalent in many societies today as well as constructive efforts of social change, whether secular or religiously based. A primary ex

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22

Kittler, Stefan, Mihail Besleaga, Julian Ebner, and Oliver Spadiut. "Protein L—More Than Just an Affinity Ligand." Processes 9, no. 5 (2021): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050874.

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In the past 30 years, highly specific drugs, known as antibodies, have conquered the biopharmaceutical market. In addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody fragments are successfully applied. However, recombinant production faces challenges. Process analytical tools for monitoring and controlling production processes are scarce and time-intensive. In the downstream process (DSP), affinity ligands are established as the primary and most important step, while the application of other methods is challenging. The use of these affinity ligands as monitoring tools would enable a platform te

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23

Lothert, Keven, and Michael W. Wolff. "Affinity and Pseudo-Affinity Membrane Chromatography for Viral Vector and Vaccine Purifications: A Review." Membranes 13, no. 9 (2023): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090770.

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Several chromatographic approaches have been established over the last decades for the production of pharmaceutically relevant viruses. Due to the large size of these products compared to other biopharmaceuticals, e.g., proteins, convective flow media have proven to be superior to bead-based resins in terms of process productivity and column capacity. One representative of such convective flow materials is membranes, which can be modified to suit the particular operating principle and are also suitable for economical single-use applications. Among the different membrane variants, affinity surf

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24

Mark A. Anderson. "EADS -- Ergonomics Affinity Design System." WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation 15, no. 2 (2000): 113–19. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2000-00114.

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The Ergonomics Affinity Design System (EADS) is a systematic problem-solving tool used to analyze and solve ergonomics issues. The basis of EADS is the identification and ranking of affinities or relationships that exist among the factors that influence job performance in the workplace. The five-step system can be applied to the workplace at varying levels of complexity based on need. It can be used at the design phase or in a redesign/modification application. Applicable for use in any work environment, the system can be an important part of the overall ergonomics process.

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25

Hosokawa, Saburo, Makoto Taniguchi, Kazunori Utani, Hiroyoshi Kanai, and Seiichiro Imamura. "Affinity order among noble metals and CeO2." Applied Catalysis A: General 289, no. 2 (2005): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.04.048.

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26

Barnea, A., D. E. Hartter, and G. Cho. "High-affinity uptake of 67Cu into a veratridine-releasable pool in brain tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 2 (1989): C315—C322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.2.c315.

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We have previously characterized two saturable, ligand-dependent processes for 67Cu uptake by hypothalamic slices: a high- and low-affinity process (22). In this study, we wished to ascertain if veratridine, a secretagogue that mimics a physiological release process, stimulates the release of newly taken up 67Cu and whether uptake of 67Cu into the releasable pool of copper is dependent on the process of 67Cu uptake. Hypothalamic or caudate slices from male rats were loaded for 30 min with 67Cu complexed to histidine (His) under conditions favoring high- or low-affinity uptake. First, we assess

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27

Comess, Kenneth M., Mark E. Schurdak, Martin J. Voorbach, et al. "An Ultraefficient Affinity-Based High-Throughout Screening Process: Application to Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis Enzyme MurF." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 11, no. 7 (2006): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106289971.

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The authors describe the discovery of a new class of inhibitors to an essential Streptococcus pneumoniae cell wall biosyn-thesis enzyme, MurF, by a novel affinity screening method. The strategy involved screening very large mixtures of diverse small organic molecules against the protein target on the basis of equilibrium binding, followed by iterative ultrafiltration steps and ligand identification by mass spectrometry. Hits from any affinity-based screening method often can be relatively nonselective ligands, sometimes referred to as “nuisance” or “promiscuous” compounds. Ligands selective in

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28

Uchino, Seiko, Koichi Sakaguchi, Asami Ohtake, et al. "Improvement of solvent affinity for graphene derivatives by solution plasma process." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 53, no. 1S (2013): 01AD05. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.53.01ad05.

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29

Helmholz, Heike, Simone Cartellieri, Lizhong He, Peter Thiesen, and Bernd Niemeyer. "Process development in affinity separation of glycoconjugates with lectins as ligands." Journal of Chromatography A 1006, no. 1-2 (2003): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00783-0.

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30

Azzoni, A. R., and E. A. Miranda. "Recovery of aprotinin from insulin industrial process effluent by affinity adsorption." Bioprocess Engineering 21, no. 6 (1999): 0553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050716.

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31

Romero, Jonathan, and Andrew L. Zydney. "Affinity ultrafiltration: Effects of ligand binding on selectivity and process optimization." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 77, no. 3 (2001): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10070.

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32

Nakagawa, Rinako, Amparo Toboso-Navasa, Marta Schips, et al. "Permissive selection followed by affinity-based proliferation of GC light zone B cells dictates cell fate and ensures clonal breadth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2016425118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016425118.

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Affinity maturation depends on how efficiently germinal centers (GCs) positively select B cells in the light zone (LZ). Positively selected GC B cells recirculate between LZs and dark zones (DZs) and ultimately differentiate into plasmablasts (PBs) and memory B cells (MBCs). Current understanding of the GC reaction presumes that cMyc-dependent positive selection of LZ B cells is a competitive affinity-dependent process; however, this cannot explain the production of GC-derived lower-affinity MBCs or retention of GC B cells with varied affinities. Here, by combining single-cell/bulk RNA sequenc

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33

Nakagawa, Rinako, Amparo Toboso-Navasa, Marta Schips, et al. "Permissive selection followed by affinity-based proliferation of GC light zone B cells dictates cell fate and ensures clonal breadth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2016425118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016425118.

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Affinity maturation depends on how efficiently germinal centers (GCs) positively select B cells in the light zone (LZ). Positively selected GC B cells recirculate between LZs and dark zones (DZs) and ultimately differentiate into plasmablasts (PBs) and memory B cells (MBCs). Current understanding of the GC reaction presumes that cMyc-dependent positive selection of LZ B cells is a competitive affinity-dependent process; however, this cannot explain the production of GC-derived lower-affinity MBCs or retention of GC B cells with varied affinities. Here, by combining single-cell/bulk RNA sequenc

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34

Hoshino, Yu, Shinnosuke Shimohara, Yusuke Wada, Masahiko Nakamoto, and Yoshiko Miura. "Affinity purification of multifunctional oligomeric ligands synthesized via controlled radical polymerization." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 26 (2020): 5597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00849d.

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Abiotic oligomeric ligands with a strong affinity for a target peptide sequence were isolated by affinity purification from a pool of 30-mer acrylic random ter-oligomers that were synthesized via a controlled radical polymerization process.

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35

Kumar, Amit, Paola Melis, Vito Genna, Eleonora Cocco, Maria Giovanna Marrosu, and Enrico Pieroni. "Antigenic peptide molecular recognition by the DRB1–DQB1 haplotype modulates multiple sclerosis susceptibility." Mol. BioSyst. 10, no. 8 (2014): 2043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mb00203b.

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DRB1–DQB1 binding affinities in peptide molecular recognition process. (A) In protective haplotype DRB1 allele displays a preferential affinity for MBP peptide, while (B) in predisposing haplotype DQB1 allele displays a preferential affinity for EBNA1 peptide.

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36

MacCabe, Andrew P., Pilar Miró, Luisa Ventura, and Daniel Ramón. "Glucose uptake in germinating Aspergillus nidulans conidia: involvement of the creA and sorA genes." Microbiology 149, no. 8 (2003): 2129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26349-0.

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d-Glucose uptake in germinating wild-type Aspergillus nidulans conidia is an energy-requiring process mediated by at least two transport systems of differing affinities for glucose: a low-affinity system (K m∼1·4 mM) and a high-affinity system (K m∼16 μM). The low-affinity system is inducible by glucose; the high-affinity system is subject to glucose repression effected by the carbon catabolite repressor CreA and is absent in sorA3 mutant conidia, which exhibit resistance to l-sorbose toxicity. An intermediate-affinity system (K m∼400 μM) is present in sorA3 conidia germinating in derepressing

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37

Chen, Xin, Markus Mohr, Kai Brühne, and Hans-Jörg Fecht. "Highly Conductive Nanocrystalline Diamond Films and Electronic Metallization Scheme." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164484.

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By using a methane and hydrogen process gas mixture in an appropriate hot-filament CVD process without further dopant, high electrical conductivity of over 100 S/cm has been achieved in nanocrystalline diamond films deposited on silicon single-crystalline substrates. Furthermore, it was found that an oxygen reactive-ion etching process (O-RIE) can improve the diamond film surface’s electron affinity, thus reducing the specific contact resistance. The reduction of the specific contact resistance by a factor of up to 16 was realized by the oxygen ion etching process, down to 6×10−6 Ωcm2. We prov

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38

Shi, Yan-ping. "The Influence of Consumer Affinity on Revisit Intention over time——A Case Study Chinese Tourists’ Perception of Thailand." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101012.

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Revisiting tourists can bring great benefits to the tourism industry, which has attracted the attention of scholars, but few scholars have studied the consumer affinity as the influence factor of the revisit intention. This study constructs the relationship model between consumer affinity and revisit intention, and uses questionnaire method to collect data and apply multi-layer regression analysis to process data. The study found that cultural affinity and people affinity have a significant positive impact on short-term revisit intention, cultural affinity has a significant positive impact on

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39

McCoy, Connor O., Trevor Bedford, Vladimir N. Minin, Philip Bradley, Harlan Robins, and Frederick A. Matsen. "Quantifying evolutionary constraints on B-cell affinity maturation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1676 (2015): 20140244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0244.

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The antibody repertoire of each individual is continuously updated by the evolutionary process of B-cell receptor (BCR) mutation and selection. It has recently become possible to gain detailed information concerning this process through high-throughput sequencing. Here, we develop modern statistical molecular evolution methods for the analysis of B-cell sequence data, and then apply them to a very deep short-read dataset of BCRs. We find that the substitution process is conserved across individuals but varies significantly across gene segments. We investigate selection on BCRs using a novel me

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40

Katagiri, Nobuyuki, Daisuke Shimokawa, Takayuki Suzuki, Masahito Kousai, and Eiji Iritani. "Separation Properties of Plasmid DNA Using a Two-Stage Particle Adsorption-Microfiltration Process." Membranes 13, no. 2 (2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020168.

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Plasmid DNA is used as a vector for gene therapy and DNA vaccination; therefore, the establishment of a mass production method is required. Membrane filtration is widely employed as a separation method suitable for the mass production of plasmid DNA. Furthermore, the separation of plasmid DNA using microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes is being investigated. Because plasmid DNA has a circular structure, it undergoes significant deformation during filtration and easily permeates the membrane, hindering the selection of separation membranes based on molecular weight. In this study, we ap

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41

Olsen, Timothy, Jing Zhu, Jinho Kim, Renjun Pei, Milan N. Stojanovic, and Qiao Lin. "An Integrated Microfluidic SELEX Approach Using Combined Electrokinetic and Hydrodynamic Manipulation." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 1 (2016): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216659255.

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This article presents a microfluidic approach for the integration of the process of aptamer selection via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). The approach employs bead-based biochemical reactions in which affinity-selected target-binding oligonucleotides are electrokinetically transferred for amplification, while the amplification product is transferred back for affinity selection via pressure-driven fluid flow. The hybrid approach simplifies the device design and operation procedures by reduced pressure-driven flow control requirements and avoids the potentially

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42

England, Patrick, Roland Nageotte, Martial Renard, Anne-Laure Page, and Hugues Bedouelle. "Functional Characterization of the Somatic Hypermutation Process Leading to Antibody D1.3, a High Affinity Antibody Directed Against Lysozyme." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 4 (1999): 2129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2129.

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Abstract The impact of somatic hypermutation on the affinity of Abs directed against protein Ags remains poorly understood. We chose as a model the secondary response Ab D1.3 directed against hen egg lysozyme. During the maturation process leading to this Ab, five replacement somatic mutations occurred. After reconstituting the germline Ab from which D1.3 originated, we assessed the energetic and kinetic importance of each of the somatic mutations, individually or combined, using the BIAcore apparatus. We found that the mutations induced an overall 60-fold improvement of affinity, principally

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Gladytz, A., T. John, T. Gladytz, et al. "Peptides@mica: from affinity to adhesion mechanism." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 34 (2016): 23516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03325c.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an interacting and adsorbing RTHRK peptide on a mica surface. (A) start; (B) 1 ns; (C) energy during interaction/adsorption process of the RTHRK peptide on mica; (D) 2 ns; (E) 20 ns; (F) 41 ns.

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44

de Vinuesa, Carola García, Matthew C. Cook, Jennifer Ball, et al. "Germinal Centers without T Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 191, no. 3 (2000): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.191.3.485.

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Germinal centers are critical for affinity maturation of antibody (Ab) responses. This process allows the production of high-efficiency neutralizing Ab that protects against virus infection and bacterial exotoxins. In germinal centers, responding B cells selectively mutate the genes that encode their receptors for antigen. This process can change Ab affinity and specificity. The mutated cells that produce high-affinity Ab are selected to become Ab-forming or memory B cells, whereas cells that have lost affinity or acquired autoreactivity are eliminated. Normally, T cells are critical for germi

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45

Mendes, João P., Magnus Bergman, Anita Solbrand, Cristina Peixoto, Manuel J. T. Carrondo, and Ricardo J. S. Silva. "Continuous Affinity Purification of Adeno-Associated Virus Using Periodic Counter-Current Chromatography." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 7 (2022): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071346.

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Replacing batch unit operations of biopharmaceuticals by continuous manufacturing is a maturing concept, with periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) favoured to replace batch chromatography. Continuous affinity capture of adeno-associated virus (AAV) using PCC has the potential to cope with the high doses required for AAV therapies thanks to its inherent high throughput. The implementation of continuous AAV affinity capture using a four-column PCC process is described herein. First, elution buffer screening was used to optimize virus recovery. Second, breakthrough curves were generated

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46

Raychaudhuri, Subhadip. "The Problem of Antigen Affinity Discrimination in B-Cell Immunology." ISRN Biomathematics 2013 (April 21, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845918.

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B and T lymphocytes activate the humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system. The adaptive strategy works because receptors of adaptive immune cells can mount an immune response based on their affinity for antigens. Thus, affinity discrimination is central to adaptive immunity and has important biomedical ramifications. Due to its intricate connection to the affinity maturation process, affinity discrimination has a special significance in B-cell-mediated immune response. The role of affinity-matured high-affinity antibodies is increasingly recognized in vaccine development. In thi

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47

Kumachi, Shigefumi, Miho Suzuki, Koichi Nishigaki, and Naoto Nemoto. "2P085 Rapid monitoring of affinity maturation process for in vitro selection by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy(FCS)(01E. Protein: Engineering,Poster)." Seibutsu Butsuri 53, supplement1-2 (2013): S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.53.s173_1.

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48

Fu, Hwai-Hui, and Li-Jhen Chen. "Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to Establish Garbage Man Selection System for Taiwan." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 4, no. 3 (2016): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v4.n3.p14.

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<div><p><em>Global have attached very great importance to environmental protection in these decades. In this study, a new procedure using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Affinity Diagram to set up measurable indicators and determine their weights for garbage man selection system. Eighteen experts, including eleven officials and seven experienced garbage man, were incited to participate in this survey. To aggregate the result, job attitude gains the most weight (0.447), followed by garbage treatment knowledge (0.299) and physical fitness (0.254). The main contribution

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49

Riske, Frank, and Brendan Riske. "Affinity Chromatography: An Enabling Technology for Large Scale Bioprocessing - How does it get to the Developing World." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 7 (2021): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/055.

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Affinity chromatography was initially used to describe chromatographic biological interactions such as lectin-glycoprotein, antibody -antigen and enzyme-inhibitor. This definition has expanded to include the specific interaction between a target and a ligand. The use of affinity chromatography has reached a zenith with the explosion of Mab therapeutics and the use of Protein-A chromatography for antibody capture. Now, affinity chromatography has moved to non Mab proteins. This can result in the same economic advantages as Mab, by enabling the standardization of process development and manufact

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VanderMolen, Kathryn, and Jeffrey Milyo. "Public Confidence in the Redistricting Process." State and Local Government Review 48, no. 4 (2016): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x17690884.

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Abstract:

This study examines the determinants of public confidence in the honesty and integrity of state redistricting processes by analyzing responses to the 2011 and 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies. Individual opinions about the redistricting process are matched to several state characteristics, including the presence of independent redistricting commissions, state legislative polarization, and legislative professionalism. Contrary to popular wisdom, the analysis reveals that neither partisan redistricting procedures nor political polarization reduce confidence in the redistricting pr

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