Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'
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1
Cartwright, Elizabeth 1959. "Malignant emotions: Indigenous perceptions of environmental, social and bodily dangers in Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282765.
Abstract:
This dissertation is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in San Pedro Amuzgos, Oaxaca and on La Coasta Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. In it I trace the movements of migrant farmworkers who come from southern Mexico to work in the grape fields of Sonora. Within that context of movement and change, I focus on understanding how illnesses are perceived and how they are healed. First I explore this issue, in depth, in their homeplace in rural Oaxaca. I follow specific illness events among residents of Amuzgos and I allow individuals actions and their reflections on those actions act as a corrective to static notions of the "Latino Folk Illnesses" that exemplify the way in which residents of this small village conceptualize their bodily problems. Local understandings of illnesses are embedded in the village as a specific Place where the topography of the village is inhabited by dangerous spirits that cause health problems for the Amuzgos. To heal, is to heal the Place where negative things occurred as well as the bodies that manifest negative symptoms. Following the Amuzgos up to the fields of Sonora, I focus on how the changing environmental context influences their perceptions of the sources of illnesses and the ways in which they treat them. In particular, I focus on the ways in which they conceptualize the health problems that arise from exposures to the pesticides that are ubiquitous in the fields and camps where they live and work.
2
Shockey, Taylor Morgan. "Analysis and Interpretation of Occupational Exposure Monitoring Data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) and OSHA Information System (OIS), 1979 – 2015." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155715411553358.
3
Silver, Ken, Ying Li, Emmanuel Odame, and Yuqiang Zhang. "Effects of Global Warming on Work-Rest Routines for Crop Workers in Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2629.
Abstract:
Background: Workers in outdoor occupations are expected to be at high risk of increased morbidity and mortality, and diminished productivity, as a result of global warming in the 21st century. A previous modelling study of geographic variations in heat-related mortality risk in projected U.S. populations mid-century showed the states of Tennessee, Kentucky and North Carolina to be highly vulnerable. Methods: Under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios of IPCC AR5, we evaluate the effect of future warming on estimated Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer (WBGT) temperatures using model-simulated future climate variables that were dynamically downscaled by a regional meteorology model for years 2049-2052. Select Appalachian counties in the three states that are presently dependent upon agricultural crop production are the focus of this analysis. Results: Using predicted WBGT temperatures, together with estimated work loads for hand harvesting of crops, alterations in work-rest routines under heat stress prevention guidelines are presented. Conclusions: Assumptions needed to translate these altered work-rest routines into measures of productivity and economic loss are discussed. Issues in extending the modelling to heat-related morbidity and mortality in outdoor worker populations are considered in terms of data gaps and major sources of uncertainty.
4
Mielke, Sarah Rebecca. "A Pilot Study of Potential Public Health Hazards in the Animal Hoarding Environment." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429707141.
5
Lilley, Rebbecca Catherine, and n/a. "The development of an occupational health and safety surveillance tool for New Zealand workers." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071011.112802.
Abstract:
World-wide, working life is undergoing major changes. Established market economies are increasingly characterised by demands for vastly greater market flexibility. New Zealand (NZ) has been no different with rapid changes occurring over the last 2 decades in the organisation of labour, of work and of the work environment. Recent international research suggests that work change significantly impacts upon worker health and safety.
Many OECD nations undertake routine cross-sectional surveys to monitor changes in working conditions and environments, assessing the health and safety impact of these changes. Similar monitoring is not undertaken in NZ, with the impact of the work environment on health and injury outcomes poorly understood. This lack of knowledge (monitoring) is considered to be a significant impediment to the progression of health and safety initiatives in NZ.
The aim of this thesis was to develop a tool (questionnaire) and methodology suitable for use in the surveillance of working conditions, work environments and health and injury outcomes using workers� surveys. The survey development was undertaken in 3 phases: i) development of tool through critical review; ii) empirical methodological testing and iii) an empirical validation study.
Questionnaire development was a stepwise process of content selection. Firstly key dimensional themes were identified via critical review of literature and existing international surveys leading to the establishment of a dimensional framework. Secondly a critical review of questions to measure key dimensions based upon selection criteria occurred. Finally the selected questions and design were pre-tested before piloting. A similar development process was undertaken for the development of a calendar collecting occupational histories.
A methodological study was undertaken piloting the questionnaire. Two methods of data collection were evaluated: face-to-face and telephone interviews, and two methods of occupational history collection: calendar and question set. Telephone interviewing was found to be the more efficient and effective data collection method while occupational history collection was found to be less time consuming by question set. Focus groups indicated questions were acceptable and suitable to NZ workers.
A validation study was undertaken with a cross-sectional study in distinctly different occupational groups: cleaners and clerical workers. Comparisons were made between the groups with cleaners expected to be identified as employed under more hazardous working conditions and be exposed to more hazards of a physical nature, while clerical workers were expected to be exposed to more psychological hazards of a psychological nature. Results indicated the questionnaire provides data capable of making valid comparisons, identifying work patterns of high risk and provides good predictive validity.
The final survey has the potential to generate population data on a wide range of work-related exposure and health variables relevant to contemporary working life. The survey results will contribute to understanding the range of working conditions and work environments NZ workers are currently exposed to and to assessing the health and safety impact of these exposures. Therefore it is recommended this tool initially be used in a national workforce survey to establish baseline surveillance data of working conditions, work environments and health and safety outcomes in NZ.
6
Sun, Kainan. "Field calibration of the glass-based retrospective radon detectors for epidemiologic applications." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/25.
7
Deadman, Jan-Erik. "Estimation of exposures to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ29919.pdf.
8
Balkhyour, Mansour. "Factors that affect respirator fit-testing programs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289239.
Abstract:
Respirators are used to minimize the exposure to air contaminants. A good fit is essential for the effective functioning of a respirator. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires an annual respirator fit testing. Respirator fit can be assessed either qualitatively or quantitatively. Two studies were conducted to assess the fit testing program with specific objectives to: (1) assess leak rates in full and half mask respirators; (2) assess the effectiveness of "feedback"1 on the quality of fit; (3) evaluate the effect of daily beard growth on respirator leak rates. In the first study, it was found that the half mask respirator has a significantly lower leak rate than the full face respirator. A significant reduction in leak rate in both respirator types with "feedback" was also observed. The finding that half mask respirators have lower leak rates directly contradicts American National Standard Institute's (ANSI) guidelines of higher Assigned Protection Factor (APF) for full mask respirator. Further studies are necessary to determine these findings and to amend respirator recommendations in the future. As expected in the second study, beard growth was associated with respirator leak rate. The effect of daily growth on leak rate over a period of twelve days could be defined by a second order regression equation. An attempt was made to describe some characteristics of beard that affect the leak rate. After 12 days of beard growth, it was found that the aspect ratio (length/diameter) of hair was inversely correlated with leak rate (r = 0.64). 1Feedback: A numerical value measuring the minimum leak rate that can be gotten from a respirator fitting with a normal donning.
9
Green, Kemble. ""Nursing Contamination: Wearing Scrubs in Public"." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/238.
Abstract:
Nurses are frequently seen in public in their “scrubs,” which could mean that contaminated clothing is being brought into the community, thereby posing an infection risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and which contaminants are present on the fabrics and the actions nurses are taking to eliminate contamination risks.
Eleven scrub tops were worn on hospital units over one twelve-hour shift. The contaminated scrubs and three control tops were then swabbed and used to inoculate agar plates. After incubation, colonies were counted, streaked onto nutrient and Mannitol-salt agar for isolation, and incubated. Using API Staph strips and Gram staining, the bacteria were identified. The nurses also completed a short survey on laundering and scrub care.
All scrub tops, except the controls, were contaminated with multiple species of bacteria including Staphylococcus species. Responses to the survey showed that no two nurses washed their scrubs in the same manner and many wear them in public. The results determined that bacteria can survive on clothing and pose the possibility of transmission throughout the hospital and public venues. The survey results indicate a need for employer laundering policies, public awareness of the risk for transmission of disease from contaminated clothing, and stricter regulations about employees wearing scrubs outside of health care facilities.
10
Aquino, Theodore. "Comparison of Urinary PAHs among Firefighters and Asphalt Pavers." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10103851.
Abstract:
Firefighters and asphalt pavers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during various work activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate urinary PAH levels and compare these bio-monitoring levels among firefighters, asphalt pavers, and non-occupationally exposed individuals. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) urinary PAH levels were used for non-occupationally exposed controls. When compared to the NIST standard for smokers and non-smokers, firefighters demonstrated statistically significant differences in urinary concentration differences for the following metabolites: 2-OH-fluorene, 3-OH-fluorene and 1-OH-pyrene, which were lower in firefighters than the NIST mean for smokers. 1-OHphenanthrene, 2-OH-phenanthrene and 3-OH-phenanthrene were higher among world trade center exposed firefighters than the NIST mean for smokers. When firefighters were compared to the NIST non-smoker standard, firefighters demonstrated elevated levels in all tested PAH biomarkers due to a mixture of smokers and non-smokers in the firefighter cohort.
Asphalt workers had statistically significant higher urinary concentration elevations in 2OH-fluorene, 1-OH-phenanthrene and 3-OH-phenanthrene as compared to the NIST smoker mean. When asphalt pavers were compared to the NIST non-smoker mean, asphalt pavers had statistically significant increases in all tested PAH biomarkers, with the exception of 2-OHphenanthrene. While firefighters did not demonstrate a substantial change in urinary PAH metabolite levels compared to control populations of smokers and non-smokers, asphalt pavers experienced concentrations that were in some cases increased by orders of magnitude compare to NIST controls. Future research may be needed to evaluate any potential health risk posted to occupational exposed asphalt pavers.
11
Almario, David R. "The Ability of the U.S. Military’s WBGT-based Flag System to Recommend Safe Heat Stress Exposures." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7727.
Abstract:
The U.S. military currently uses a flag system based on wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and metabolic rate to recommend heat stress exposure limits. This paper addresses the ability of the flag system to recommend safe heat exposures in a non-military population.
Two progressive heat stress studies provided data on 528 observations of safe or unsafe exposures of 4 hours over a range of WBGT conditions and metabolic rates using 29 participants wearing woven cotton clothing. For the two studies, range of WBGT conditions was 25 to 42C, and the range of metabolic rates was 100 to 650 watts. These exposures were compared with the flag system’s recommendations of safe exposure to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the flag system. A separate study provided 62 observations with participants undergoing a time-limited protocol at constant WBGT conditions. Observed durations of safe exposure time were compared to the flag system’s recommended safe limits to determine sensitivity and specificity.
Based on the progressive protocol, sensitivity and specificity of the flag system for five ranges of WBGT and three categories of metabolic rate were 0.98 and 0.25, respectively. For the time-limited protocol, which applied only to the highest range of WBGT and light and moderate metabolic rate, both sensitivity and specificity were zero.
This study suggests that the flag system has high sensitivity but low specificity for long duration exposures, along with low sensitivity and specificity for time-limited exposures. However, the WBGT exposures in the time-limited trials were substantially higher than the threshold for the highest WBGT range in the flag system, which may account for the system’s unexpected performance in the time-limited protocol.
12
Watson, Anne H. "Effect of assistive technology devices and services in a public school setting." Diss., NSUWorks, 2007. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/43.
Abstract:
December 2007" A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Occupational Therapy. Typescript Project Advisor : Max A. Ito The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 requires individualized education program (IEP) teams to consider the intervention of assistive technology (AT); however, the Act allows IEP teams to provide or forego AT, without direction for implementation. Little evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of AT in a public school setting. This study investigated the effect of AT provided by a multidisciplinary AT team in a public school setting. Thirteen participant units each consisted of a special education case manager and student who had recently received AT to address unmet IEP goals and objectives. The students ranged from preschool to 8th grade, had varying special education classifications, and used AT for oral or written communication or computer or curriculum access. In a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest repeated-measures design, this study used the Student Performance Profile (SPP) and the School Function Assessment with the AT supplement (SFA-AT) to assess the effect of AT on performance and participation. Case managers completed both assessments soon after students received their AT and again 4 months later. The results of the SPP, which measures changes in ability on AT-relevant IEP goal-and-objectives, indicated significant improvement in performance, t(12) = 5.54, p = .00. The results of SFA-AT Part III (Activity Performance) were not significant for performance or participation over time, t(12) = 0.82, p = .21, and t(12) = 0.70, p = .50, respectively. AT provided by a multidisciplinary team may help students improve school performance in the form of improvement on goals and objectives; however, participation did not appear to be positively affected. Further study is needed for measuring performance and participation of larger populations of students who use AT and for improvement in instrumentation.
13
Cvengros, Blake J. "Concentration Levels of PM2.S and PM 10 Paper Dust in a Book Production Facility." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1972.
Abstract:
Concentration levels of PM2.5 and PM10 paper dust were measured in a book production facility using a quantitative single subject study. Dust concentration data was collected in three processes of a book manufacturing facility; paper recycling, the digital pressroom and the digital bindery. Data was collected using the DustTrak DRX 8533 Aerosol Monitor, focusing on particulate sizes of PM2.5 and PM10. The data was used to determine if paper dust in the book production industry reached concentration levels that could have negative respiratory health effects on surrounding employees and to determine which process within the studied facility had the highest concentrations of paper dust. The study revealed that the paper recycling warehouse had the highest concentrations of paper dust. It was also determined that the paper recycling warehouse could cause negative respiratory health effects on surrounding employees. Further research is needed to determine the extent of those effects and potential remediation.
14
Lippert, Julia Ford. "Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure." Thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3573411.
Abstract:
The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) estimates that half a million surgical staff are exposed to laser smoke or plume each year. It has been suggested that the type and intensity of exposure is dependent in part on the way a laser is used during surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate emission rates of the gas phase constituents of laser generated air contaminants using a validated emission chamber methodology while differentiating the effects of the laser operational parameters power, pulse-repetition frequency, and beam diameter, and ultimately to model a set of plausible occupational exposures.
An emission chamber was designed, fabricated, and validated to quantify the emission rates of gases and particles associated with laser generated air contaminants (LGACs) during a simulated surgical procedure. The emission chamber was built of inert materials, including a glass hood section connected to a duct section for collection and allowing for lasing of tissue. The performance, plume capture, and air flow of the emission chamber system were validated. This validated emission chamber and methodology enabled accurate estimation of emission rates with low experimental variability that can be used in mathematical modeling of exposure.
Two medical lasers (Holmium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Ho:YAG] and carbon dioxide [CO2]) were set at varying operational parameters in a simulated laser surgery on porcine skin to generate a plume in an emission chamber. Porcine skin was pyrolyzed with a medical laser set to a range of surgically plausible operational parameters. Consistency in the rate and depth of incision was established by a system to control the speed of laser movement and aim angle of the laser tip, and was validated by measurement of tissue loss. The plume was sampled for seven gas phase contaminants of combustion products (volatile organic compounds [VOC], formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide [HCN], carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide [CO]). The effect of each operational parameter was determined using a fractional factorial design coupled with a sequential screening process that evaluated the parameters for their influence on emission rates.
Measured concentrations of the gas phase contaminants were below the limit of detection (LOD). Confined to the experimental conditions of this investigation, results indicated that beam diameter was significantly influential to emission rates when using the Ho:YAG laser but not with the CO2 laser. Power and pulse repetition frequency were not influential to emission rates of these gas phase contaminants.
Emission rates of LGAC from the experimentally determined concentrations were used to estimate a range of physically plausible occupational exposures to surgical staff. A two-zone semi-empirical model was implemented with input variables varied over a range based on the general requirements of a laser surgical suite in compliance with regulatory agencies. Twenty-minute time weighted averages were developed for the near- and far-field zones within the surgical suite as estimates of the occupational exposure to LGAC. These values were compared to relevant occupational exposure limits; estimated exposures were at least three times in magnitude less than the exposure limits and thus do not appear to present an occupational hazard.
15
Bernazzani, Daniel. "The Effect of Disinfectants, Cleaning, and Drying Practices on Oriental Rugs Flooded with Contaminated River Water: Public Health and Policy Implications." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1339427719.
16
Pontes, Andrezza Graziella VerÃssimo. "SaÃde do trabalhor e saÃde ambiental: articulando universidade, sus e movimentos sociais em territÃrio rural." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8609.
Abstract:
As categorias teÃricas produÃÃo, trabalho, ambiente e saÃde sÃo importantes para a discussÃo dos campos disciplinares SaÃde do Trabalhador e SaÃde Ambiental. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a articulaÃÃo entre universidade, SUS e movimentos sociais para a abordagem das relaÃÃes produÃÃo-trabalho-ambiente-saÃde, em territÃrio rural. Ocorreu no municÃpio Apodi-RN o qual vivencia um contexto de resistÃncia de movimentos sociais e camponeses que praticam agricultura familiar de base agroecolÃgica à instalaÃÃo do PerÃmetro Irrigado Santa Cruz, que vem a subsidiar a expansÃo do agronegÃcio da fruticultura irrigada na regiÃo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-aÃÃo na qual foram realizados seis encontros com um grupo constituÃdo por agentes comunitÃrios de saÃde, Centro de ReferÃncia em SaÃde do Trabalhador, professor universitÃrio e movimentos sociais â ComissÃo Pastoral da Terra (CPT) e Sindicato de Trabalhadores Rurais. Foram desenvolvidos momentos de discussÃo, entrevistas semiestruturadas, estudos e visitas em campo para territorializaÃÃo em saÃde, oficinas e seminÃrios temÃticos. Categorias analÃticas foram utilizadas para anÃlise das informaÃÃes. Observou-se que a articulaÃÃo entre universidade, SUS e movimentos sociais para a abordagem das relaÃÃes entre produÃÃo-trabalho-ambiente-saÃde à possÃvel e fecunda, num contexto tencionado pela hegemonia dos interesses do capital. SobressaÃram-se, como atores em potencial, professores que se apoiam em teorias crÃticas, movimentos sociais autÃnomos e agentes comunitÃrios de saÃde. Entre as potencialidades da articulaÃÃo, destacam-se: troca de experiÃncias, interdisciplinaridade, busca da intersetorialidade, ressignificaÃÃo do trabalho acadÃmico e em saÃde, desconstruÃÃo dos mitos da ideologia do desenvolvimento e visibilidade Ãs necessidades de saÃde do trabalhador e ambiental. A articulaÃÃo desses atores para identificar o contexto das relaÃÃes produÃÃo-trabalho-ambientesaÃde e as necessidades de saÃde em territÃrio concreto, bem como para construir coletivamente um plano de aÃÃo e intervir sobre a realidade à um caminho que pode contribuir para o fortalecimento da prÃxis da SaÃde do Trabalhador e SaÃde Ambiental de modo compartilhado entre diversos sujeitos, setores, saberes e campos disciplinares, e pode ser incorporado na universidade, no SUS e nos movimentos sociais.The theoretical categories production, labor, environment and health are important to the discussion of disciplinary fields of Occupational Health and Environmental Health. The research aimed to analyze the relationship between university, SUS and social movements to approach the production relations-work-environment-health in peasant territory. It occurred in Apodi-RN, which goes through a context of resistance of social movements and peasant who practice family farms agroecological-based installing near Irrigated Perimeter Santa Cruz, which comes to subsidizing agribusiness expansion of irrigated horticulture in the region. This is an acting research in which were accomplished six meetings with a group consisting of community health workers, Reference Center for Occupational Health, University Professor and social movements - the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) and the Rural Workers Union . Were developed moments of discussion, semi-structured interviews, field studies and visits to health territorialization, workshops and thematic seminars. Analytical categories were used to analyze the information. It was observed that the relationship between university, SUS and social movements to address the relationships between production-workenvironment- health is possible and fruitful, tensioned for hegemony in the context of the interests of capital. Stood out as potential actors, teachers who rely on critical theories, autonomous social movements and community health workers. Among the potential of articulation, include: exchange of experiences, interdisciplinarity, intersectionality, search, resignification of academic work and health, deconstructing the myths of the ideology of development and visibility to the needs of environmental and occupational health. The relationship of these actors to identify the context of production relations-work-environmenthealth and health needs in specific territory, as well as collectively to build a plan of action and intervene in reality is a way that can contribute to the strengthening of praxis of Occupational Health and Environmental Health shared between so many different subjects, industries, knowledge and disciplines, and can be incorporated into the university, SUS and social movements.
17
Marty, Adam J. "Generation and Characterization of Nanoaerosols Using a Portable Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Electron Microscopy." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5536.
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the ability to generate and characterize a nanometer sized aerosol using solutions, suspensions, and a bulk nanopowder, and to research the viability of using an acoustic dry aerosol generator/elutriator (ADAGE) to aerosolize a bulk nanopowder into a nanometer sized aerosol. The research compares the results from a portable scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) to the more traditional method of counting and sizing particles on a filter sample using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sodium chloride aerosol was used for the comparisons. The sputter coating thickness, a conductive coating necessary for SEM, was measured on different sizes of polystyrene latex spheres (PSLS). Aluminum oxide powder was aerosolized using an ADAGE and several different support membranes and sound frequency combinations were explored.
A portable SMPS was used to determine the size distributions of the generated aerosols. Polycarbonate membrane (PCM) filter samples were collected for subsequent SEM analysis. The particle size distributions were determined from photographs of the membrane filters. SMPS data and membrane samples were collected simultaneously. The sputter coating thicknesses on four different sizes of PSLS, range 57 nanometers (nm) to 220 nm, were measured using transmission electron microscopy and the results from the SEM and SMPS were compared after accounting for the sputter coating thickness. Aluminum oxide nanopowder (20 nm) was aerosolized using a modified ADAGE technique. Four different support membranes and four different sound frequencies were tested with the ADAGE. The aerosol was collected onto PCM filters and the samples were examined using SEM.
The results indicate that the SMPS and SEM distributions were log-normally distributed with a median diameter of approximately 42 nm and 55 nm, respectively, and geometric standard deviations (GSD) of approximately 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. The two methods yielded similar distributional trends with a difference in median diameters of approximately 11 - 15 nm. The sputter coating thickness on the different sizes of PSLSs ranged from 15.4 - 17.4 nm. The aerosols generated, using the modified ADAGE, were low in concentration. The particles remained as agglomerates and varied widely in size. An aluminum foil support membrane coupled with a high sound frequency generated the smallest agglomerates.
A well characterized sodium chloride aerosol was generated and was reproducible. The distributions determined using SEM were slightly larger than those obtained from SMPS, however, the distributions had relatively the same shape as reflected in their GSDs. This suggests that a portable SMPS is a suitable method for characterizing a nanoaerosol. The sizing techniques could be compared after correcting for the effects of the sputter coating necessary for SEM examination. It was determined that the sputter coating thickness on nano-sized particles and particles up to approximately 220 nm can be expected to be the same and that the sputter coating can add considerably to the size of a nanoparticle. This has important implications for worker health where nanoaerosol exposure is a concern. The sputter coating must be considered when SEM is used to describe a nanoaerosol exposure. The performance of the modified ADAGE was less than expected. The low aerosol output from the ADAGE prevented a more detailed analysis and was limited to only a qualitative comparison. Some combinations of support membranes and sound frequencies performed better than others, particularly conductive support membranes and high sound frequencies. In conclusion, a portable SMPS yielded results similar to those obtained by SEM. The sputter coating was the same thickness on the PSLSs studied. The sputter coating thickness must be considered when characterizing nanoparticles using SEM. Finally, a conductive support membrane and higher frequencies appeared to generate the smallest agglomerates using the ADAGE technique.
18
Cruz, Miguel A. "A State and Territorial Survey Regarding Utilization of Environmental Health Shelter Assessments during Disasters, and a Secondary Analysis of Available Shelter Assessment Data." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1738.
Abstract:
Disasters are complex events characterized by damage to key infrastructure and population displacements into disaster shelters. Assessing the living environment in shelters during disasters is a crucial health security concern. Until now, jurisdictional knowledge and preparedness on those assessment methods, or deficiencies found in shelters is limited. A cross-sectional survey (STUSA survey) ascertained knowledge and preparedness for those assessments in all 50 states, DC, and 5 US territories. Descriptive analysis of overall knowledge and preparedness was performed. Fisher’s exact statistics analyzed differences between two groups: jurisdiction type and population size. Two logistic regression models analyzed earthquakes and hurricane risks as predictors of knowledge and preparedness. A convenience sample of state shelter assessments records (n=116) was analyzed to describe environmental health deficiencies found during selected events.
Overall, 55 (98%) of jurisdictions responded (states and territories) and appeared to be knowledgeable of these assessments (states 92%, territories 100%, p = 1.000), and engaged in disaster planning with shelter partners (states 96%, territories 83%, p = 0.564). Few had shelter assessment procedures (states 53%, territories 50%, p = 1.000); or training in disaster shelter assessments (states 41%, 60% territories, p = 0.638). Knowledge or preparedness was not predicted by disaster risks, population size, and jurisdiction type in neither model. Knowledge: hurricane (Adjusted OR 0.69, 95% C.I. 0.06-7.88); earthquake (OR 0.82, 95% C.I. 0.17-4.06); and both risks (OR 1.44, 95% C.I. 0.24-8.63); preparedness model: hurricane (OR 1.91, 95% C.I. 0.06-20.69); earthquake (OR 0.47, 95% C.I. 0.7-3.17); and both risks (OR 0.50, 95% C.I. 0.06-3.94). Environmental health deficiencies documented in shelter assessments occurred mostly in: sanitation (30%); facility (17%); food (15%); and sleeping areas (12%); and during ice storms and tornadoes.
More research is needed in the area of environmental health assessments of disaster shelters, particularly, in those areas that may provide better insight into the living environment of all shelter occupants and potential effects in disaster morbidity and mortality. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of these assessments methods and the data available on environmental health deficiencies in risk management to protect those at greater risk in shelter facilities during disasters.
19
Penatti, Juliana Trebi. "Riscos ambientais para trabalhadores em uma Unidade Mista de Saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-15012013-150038/.
Abstract:
Riscos ambientais (RA) podem ser causados por agentes biológicos, químicos, físicos e ergonômicos que, quando presentes nos ambientes de trabalho são capazes de causar danos à saúde do trabalhador em função de sua natureza, intensidade ou tempo de exposição. Especialmente em serviços de saúde, os RA relativos à exposição dos trabalhadores aos diferentes tipos de agentes presentes nesses ambientes, são de grande significado para a saúde ocupacional. O reconhecimento dos RA e a adoção de medidas para a prevenção e minimização desses riscos, devem ser sempre realizados, de forma a envolver tanto as instituições como os próprios trabalhadores, visando maior segurança ocupacional. Esta investigação objetivou avaliar a realidade de exposição a RA em uma Unidade Mista de Saúde (UMS) do interior do estado de São Paulo, a partir da percepção dos seus trabalhadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, realizada por meio de abordagem quali-quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevista, utilizando um roteiro constituído por perguntas semi-estruturadas e check-list, realizada com dois grupos distintos de sujeitos: um grupo constituído pelos trabalhadores das diferentes áreas de atuação do local selecionado e, outro grupo, constituído apenas pelos gestores da UMS. A pesquisa teve aprovação do CEP da EERP/USP. Os dados coletados foram organizados em um banco de dados do Excel e categorizados em tabelas e gráficos, procedendo-se à análise estatística descritiva. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir de uma amostra composta por 48 sujeitos (82,8% de todos os trabalhadores do local selecionado para este estudo), pertencentes a todas as 17 categorias profissionais existentes no serviço. A idade média dos sujeitos no momento das entrevistas era de 38 anos e a faixa etária predominante, de 21 a 30 anos para 35,4% dos entrevistados. A maior parte dos sujeitos (52,1%) pertencia ao gênero feminino. Quanto à carga horária de trabalho, 16 entrevistados (33,4%) relataram que a soma da carga horária de todos os empregos por ocasião da entrevista correspondia a mais de 41 horas semanais, sendo que 8 (50%) desses referiram uma carga horária semanal acima de 70 horas e, 1 deles referiu desempenhar uma carga horária de até 100 horas semanais. Quando questionados por meio de questões abertas sobre RA presentes em qualquer tipo de ambiente de trabalho e RA presentes no local da investigação, 95,8% dos sujeitos relataram já terem ouvido falar sobre o assunto e igual percentual indicaram pelo menos um RA no seu local de trabalho. Porém, quando utilizado um check-list para identificação e quantificação dos RA presentes na UMS, 100 % dos sujeitos relataram a presença de pelo menos um RA de cada natureza no serviço, destacando-se o relato da presença dos seguintes agentes, de acordo com os maiores percentuais obtidos em cada natureza de risco citado: bactérias (91,7%), vírus (91,7%), poeiras (79,2%), calor (72,9%), postura inadequada (66,7%), monotonia/repetitividade (66,7%), iluminação inadequada (33,3%) e ligações elétricas deficientes (33,3%). No que se refere a acidentes no ambiente de trabalho, 18,8% dos sujeitos relataram ter sofrido pelo menos um acidente de trabalho na UMS, envolvendo materiais perfurocortantes, quedas, ferimentos, exposição cutâneo-mucosa a materiais biológicos, agressão física por pacientes e acidentes em ambulâncias. Quanto aos gestores, foi referida por esses sujeitos a existência de RA no serviço; porém, segundo os respondentes, ainda não havia uma rotina para categorização e quantificação dos RA na Unidade, que também ainda não possuía Mapa de Risco (MR) e Programa de Prevenção a Riscos Ambientais (PPRA), ambos exigidos pela legislação brasileira a todas as instituições de saúde, independente do grau de risco. Conclui-se com este estudo, pelo relato dos sujeitos, que a UMS possui riscos ambientais que podem afetar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Assim, deve ser realizado um planejamento imediato de reconhecimento e avaliação desses RA, bem como de adoção de medidas para sua prevenção e minimização, com base no estabelecimento de MR e de um PPRA, sendo esta uma das principais proposições a ser feita ao serviço. Além disso, é necessário incluir um programa de educação continuada aos trabalhadores, visando contribuir para a promoção da saúde ambiental e ocupacional no local de estudo.Environmental risks (ER) can be caused by biological, chemical, physical and ergonomic agents that, when present in the workplace, can cause damage to workers\' health due to their nature, intensity or length of exposure. Especially in healthcare services, ER related to the exposure of workers to different types of agents present in these environments, are significant for occupational health. The recognition of ER and the adoption of measures to prevent and minimize these risks, should always be performed, in order to involve both institutions and workers themselves, aiming at greater occupational safety. This descriptive, exploratory, qualitative and quantitative field research aimed to evaluate the reality of exposure to ER in a Mixed Health Unit (MHU) in the interior of the state of São Paulo, from the perception of its workers. This is a, performed by means of qualitative and quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, using a script consisting of semi-structured questions and a check-list, performed with two different groups of subjects: one group consisting of workers from different performance areas of the selected venue, and another group consisting only by the managers of the MHU. The research was approved by the Ethics Research Board of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. Collected data were organized into an Excel database and categorized in tables and charts, after which descriptive statistics was performed. Results were obtained from a sample of 48 subjects (82.8% of the total number of workers of the venue selected for this study), who worked in all 17 professional categories of the service. The average age of the subjects at the time of the interviews was 38 years and the predominant age was from 21 to 30 years for 35.4% of respondents. Most subjects (52.1%) were female. Regarding the workload, 16 respondents (33.4%) reported that the sum of the workload of all jobs at the time of the interview was over 41 hours per week, 8 (50%) of them reported a weekly workload over 70 hours and one reported a workload of up to 100 hours a week. When respondents were asked, using open questions, about ER present in any work environment and ER present at the research site, 95.8% of the subjects reported having heard about it and the same percentage indicated at least one ER at their work venue. When using a checklist for identification and quantification of ER present at the MHU, 100% of the subjects reported the presence of at least one ER of each type at the service, highlighting the presence of the following agents, according to the highest percentages obtained for each kind of risk mentioned: bacteria (91.7%), viruses (91.7%), dust (79.2%), heat (72.9%), poor posture (66.7%), monotony/repetitiveness (66.7%), inadequate lighting (33.3%) and bad electrical connections (33.32%). As to the accidents in the workplace, 18.8% of the subjects reported having experienced at least one accident at work at the MHU, involving sharp materials, falls, cuts, mucocutaneous exposure to biological materials, physical aggression by patients and accidents in ambulances. Managers reported the existence of ER in the service, but, according to them, there was not a routine for categorization and quantification of ER in the unit yet, which also did not had a Risk Map (RM) and Environmental Risks Prevention Program (ERPP), both required by the Brazilian law to all health institutions, regardless of the degree of risk. It is concluded, by the report of the subjects, that the MHU has environmental risks that can affect workers\' health. Thus, the immediate planning should be done for recognition and evaluation of these ER, as well as for the adoption of measures for its prevention and minimization, based on the establishment of a RM and ERPP, which is one of the main proposals that will be made to the service. In addition, there is need to include a continuing education program to workers, aiming to contribute to the promotion of environmental and occupational health at the study site
20
Glasgow, Lindonne Marcia. "Socioeconomic Characteristics of Farmers and Agrochemical Use in Grenada." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6029.
Abstract:
The World Health Organization classified carbaryl, glyphosate, and paraquat as hazardous to human health. In the Agriculture Health Study in the United States, health problems were associated with the use of these 3 agrochemicals 12 or more times per year. These 3 agrochemicals were commonly used in Grenada. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between the social and economic characteristics of the farmers who participated in the 2012 agriculture survey and the use of agrochemicals at frequencies that could pose health risks. Five constructs of the social cognitive theory were used as the premise to hypothesize relationships between the variables. Binomial regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses of relationships between the characteristics of 8,868 farmers and use of agrochemicals or herbicides -?¥12 timers per year. Statistically significant relationships were found between 16 characteristics of the farmers and use of agrochemicals. Significant relationships were also found between 8 characteristics of the farmers and use of herbicides -?¥12 timers per year. The findings of this study show that several characteristics of the farmers in Grenada were associated with the use of agrochemicals at frequencies that were hazardous to health. By demonstrating the need to implement preventive measures and adopt the precautionary principle in the use of agrochemicals, positive changes can be made in monitoring agriculture practices, health surveillance, and clinical practice.
21
Paul, Suzanna. "Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of online vs paper based post graduate courses in occupational and environmental safety and health at Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0030.html.
22
Medgyesi, Danielle Nicolle. "Where children play: young child exposure to environmental hazards during play in public areas in a transitioning internally displaced persons community in Haiti." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6206.
Abstract:
Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections by enteric pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five (≤5). While GI pathogen exposure in households has been rigorously examined, there is little data about young children’s exposure in public domains. Public areas in low-income settings are often used for waste disposal practices beyond human feces disposal, including trash dumping in open drainage canals and unused lots. If young children play in public domains unattended, they might be exposed to interrelated and highly concentrated microbial, chemical, and physical hazards. This study performed structured observations at 36 public areas in a transitioning internally displaced persons community in Haiti, to document how often young children play in public areas and to quantify behaviors that might lead to illness and injury. Children ≤5 yrs played at all public sites, including toddlers (92%/sites) and infants (44%/sites). Children touched and mouthed trash (metal, glass, plastic), food and other objects from the ground, ate soil (geophagia), drank surface water; as well as touched latrines, animals, animal feces, and open drainage canals. Hand-to-mouth contact was frequent and significantly different among developmental stages (infants: 18/hr, toddlers: 11/hr, and young children: 9/hr), providing evidence that children could ingest trace amounts of GI pathogens and other contaminants on hands. These findings demonstrate that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions need to consider the unique risks posed by public domains that contribute to GI infection in young children. Furthermore, this highlights the need for waste related interventions to address the broader set of civil conditions that create unsafe, toxic, and contaminated public environments where young children play.
23
Swankie, William. "Effects of Temperature on the Emission Rate of Formaldehyde from Medium Density Fiberboard in a Controlled Chamber." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6960.
Abstract:
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas that is found naturally in the environment. It is a popular additive in many consumer products including composite wood products. Composite wood products are engineered wood panels produced from pressing pieces, chips, particles, or fibers of wood together at high temperatures held together with a bonding agent. This bonding agent is often formaldehyde-containing resins that are known to release formaldehyde over time. This is concerning because of the carcinogenic classification of formaldehyde, the wide spread application of composite wood products, and the increasing amount of time spent in the indoor environment.
In a controlled 0.53 m3 chamber, a panel of medium density fiberboard (MDF) with a surface area of 4.49 m2 was subjected to multiple temperatures to measure formaldehyde emissions. The panels were allowed to acclimate for 48 hours followed by a 72 hour sample period using passive diffusive monitors at temperatures: 26.1, 29.3, 34.1, and 38.9 °C. The results of the study found a strong relationship (R2 = 0.9954) between the emission rate of formaldehyde from MDF and temperature. The emission rate increased 192% between 26.1 °C and 38.9 °C. The results of the study indicate that as temperature increases, the amount of formaldehyde emitted from a panel of MDF also increases. This results in higher airborne concentrations of formaldehyde in environments where the panels are present.
24
Boggans, Trenell Davis. "Comparison of Modeled and Measured Pesticide Concentrations in Air." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7478.
Abstract:
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a popular organophosphorus insecticide that is heavily used in the agriculture industry as a means of pest control. Chlorpyrifos is known for its toxic effect to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in humans and is widely used in areas of California where the site of application is close to occupied areas, such that exposures to residents and bystanders can occur due to secondary drift. Secondary drift refers to the volatilization of a pesticide from the surface to which it was applied (e.g. soil or plant foliage) and subsequent off-site movement in ambient air. Secondary drift is different from spray drift, which occurs during and very shortly after application. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate existing measurements of secondary drift from ambient air measurements of CPF available from California’s Air Monitoring Network (AMN), in comparison to predictions using a state-of-the-art dispersion model. Pesticide use data were obtained from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) website and was compiled to form scenarios to be modeled and compared against measurements taken throughout the year. Probability distributions for the measured and predicted CPF concentrations resulted in correlations ranging from 3% to 91% depending on the year and modeled scenario. Overall the model overpredicted air concentrations for the modeled scenarios, providing conservative values for risk assessment purposes.
25
McLaren, Stuart Joseph. "Noise in early childhood education centres: the effects on the children and their teachers : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/977.
Abstract:
Although the effects of noise on children’s learning in school classrooms is well documented, there is very little on the effects of noise on preschool children. There are strict legal requirements for the daily noise exposure an adult worker can received in the workplace but nothing to control the noise children can receive in school and early education. There is also little or no data on how sound affects a child, compared to an adult. The early years of life are critical for the development of speech, hearing and auditory processes, as well as being the most vulnerable time for middle ear infections. This work sets out to determine the typical noise levels in early childhood centres and the effects on a range of children and their teachers. Reverberation times in most centres were found to well exceed the 0.6 seconds prescribed by the Australasian standard for schools and learning spaces. Very high levels of noise were recorded in a number of centres with a significant number of children and staff members, exceeding the maximum daily sound exposure of 100% permitted for workers in industry. A range of special needs children were identified as being particularly at-risk to noise, with the most adverse outcomes reported for those experiencing sensory integration disorder. Yet, even though high levels of noise were recorded, the majority of respondents in a survey of teachers rated the lack of sufficient space for the number of children present as the main issue, and inclement weather as the greatest environmental condition contributing to noise (by confining children indoors, especially over long periods of time). Hearing tests on the children were not permitted under the strict human ethics criteria to which this study had to conform, but simple hearing tests on a small group of teachers, revealed that hearing loss could be a serious occupational health issue. The legal issues of noise control and management in early childhood education have been addressed in this thesis, current legal frameworks reviewed, and recommendations presented for future consideration.
26
Scott, Eunice. "Wellness Education and Job-Related Injuries and Illnesses for Federal Employees." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3510.
Abstract:
Work-related injuries and illnesses may lead to absenteeism, which affects the level of productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of an employee workplace training program on work-related injury and illness rates at selected federal districts within a federal organization. Newman's model, which describes internal and external factors that may have an effect on an individual's health, was the framework that guided this project. A pre-post design was used to compare data from 2 publically available data sets, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Illness and Injury and the Voice of the Employee Survey, for the years 2013 and 2014, before and after a wellness training program. According to a descriptive analysis of 91 illness and injury events that occurred during the 2-year period, the greatest number of employees who reported illnesses were mail handlers and mail processing clerks. Slips/trips and falls, strikes by machine/equipment or other objects, and repetitive motion were the top 3 types of injuries. After training, the total number of illness and injury days away from work and days of limited duty were decreased, indicating a positive impact of this workplace wellness program and a need for future training for these workers. This project has the potential to affect social change by supporting the benefits of workplace wellness in improving employee health and reducing workplace injuries at federal agencies.
27
Seryak, Liesel M. "Factors and Outcomes Associated with Bisphenol A Exposure in Women of Reproductive Age." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1355885304.
28
Forsman, Jennifer, and Sandra Salo. "Leva för att arbeta eller arbeta för att må bra! : en jämförelse av hälsorelaterad livskvalitet mellan två olika yrkesroller." Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1131.
Abstract:
Syfte och frågeställning
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i upplevd hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, antalet sjukdagar samt fysisk aktivitet på fritiden mellan två olika yrkesroller med olika fysiska aktivitetsnivåer. Våra frågeställningar inför denna studie löd:
- Hur skiljer sig den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten mellan individer med ett fysisk aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?
- Hur skiljer sig antalet sjukdagar år 2009 mellan individer med ett fysiskt aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?
- Hur skiljer sig mängden fysisk aktivitet på fritiden mellan individer med ett fysiskt aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?
Metod
Vi använde oss av enkätundersökning för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Denna bestod SF-12 som är en sedan tidigare beprövad och validerad enkät och ett egenkomponerat frågeformulär med kompletterande bakgrundsfrågor. Materialet delades ut till 92 respondenter och besvarades av 79 av dessa, bortfallet blev 14 procent. Enkäterna hanterades anonymt, sammanställdes i Excel och bearbetades i SPSS. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt valdes KASAM.
Resultat
De viktigaste resultaten visar inte något signifikant resultat men en indikation på att det finns ett samband mellan den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten och yrkesroll, i detta fall en högre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos de med administrativ tjänst. En skillnad mellan yrkesrollerna sågs även när det gäller antalet sjukdagar under år 2009. Majoriteten av respondenterna med administrativ tjänst hade 0 sjukdagar jämfört med 1-7 dagar hos orderexpeditörerna.
Slutsats
Undersökningen visade att det inte förekom några signifikanta skillnader mellan de två yrkesrollerna som vi valde att grunda vår studie på. Vi trodde att skillnaderna i den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten, antalet sjukdagar samt mängden fysisk aktivitet på fritiden skulle vara större än vad de visade sig att vara. Vad skillnaderna kan bero på är svårt att säga då det förekommer många olika faktorer som kan påverka individerna.
29
Mraz, Alexis Layman. "Forecasting in the Unseeable: A Mixed Methods Model of Planktonic and Biofilm-Bound Legionella pneumophila in Building Water Systems." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu154350645678355.
30
Tebbe, Hope M. "Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality in Four Nursing Home Facilities in Northwest Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493411129998087.
31
Gadde, Divya. "Assessment of Ergonomics in Indian Dental Practice: A Workplace Analysis." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2332.
Abstract:
Dental practice requires unique working conditions such as prolonged working hours, strained body postures and laborious, high finesse dental techniques. However, it can be more efficiently performed by the application of ergonomics, rather than physically forcing the worker's body to fit the job. Posture is highly influenced by factors such as inadequate working level, incorrect patient positioning, and poor visual comfort. In order to eliminate musculoskeletal disorders it is necessary to control these and other factors, and design the human work environment to be more ergonomic. The aim of this study was to assess ergonomics within Indian dental practice and elucidate factors that prevented application of ergonomics.
An observational study was conducted among 58 Indian dentists, both from a private dental hospital and clinics. A questionnaire that consisted of 37 open-ended and closed-ended questions was used as a research tool for the study. Information on background characteristics, work environment, equipment, work administration, and ergonomic awareness was collected using the questionnaire. Sampling consisted of observing 37 male and 21 female dentists. A total of 58 individuals, 62 % ( 36), worked for a private dental hospital, and 38% (22) for dental clinics. A majority, 84.5% (49), of the dentists reported that they did not receive ergonomic training from their work administration. Most dentists, 96% (56), reported that there was no system of recordkeeping for workplace accidents. Lack of proper ergonomic training and no system of recordkeeping for workplace accidents were found to be the primary factors for not applying ergonomics by Indian dentists. Ergonomic training programs are needed in India to help educate dentists on workplace safety and health, and thus aid in reducing musculoskeletal pain. Finally, a system is needed in Indian dental practice to promote workplace safety and health by identifying workplace hazards that result in injuries.
32
Waldman, Andrew M. "The impact of demand uncertainty on stockpile and distribution decisions during influenza pandemic." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18184.
Abstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Jessica L. Heier Stamm
The main goal of public health emergency preparedness efforts is to mitigate the impact of events on the health of the population. However, decision-makers must also remain conscientious of the costs associated with these efforts. Planning is further complicated by uncertainty about the location and volume of demand that will need to be met in an emergency, the speed with which demand must be met, and the potential scarcity of needed items once an emergency occurs. To address these challenges, public health emergency planners often keep inventory stockpiles that are distributed when an event happens. Managing these stockpiles is a difficult task, and inefficient stockpile location and equipment distribution strategies can be costly both in terms of cost and public health impact. This research is motivated by challenges faced by state public health departments in creating stockpile location and equipment distribution strategies. The primary emphasis is on facemasks and respirators used by health workers during an influenza pandemic, but the approach is generalizable to other scenarios. The model proposed here uses a two-stage approach to generate a holistic solution to the problem. The first stage uses a pull distribution strategy to make stockpile location decisions. Additionally, it determines how counties should be assigned to stockpiles to minimize both storage and distribution costs. The second stage adopts a push distribution strategy to determine optimal delivery routes based on the county assignments made in stage one. This stage offers guidance for public health planners who have made location-allocation decisions but who then face a different distribution scenario than what was anticipated in the original planning phase. Recourse methods for managing demand uncertainty are also proposed. A case study of the state of Kansas is conducted using the methods introduced in the thesis. The computational results yield several significant insights into the tradeoffs and costs of various facility location-allocation and vehicle routing decisions: • For the tested range of storage and distribution cost parameters, multiple stockpile locations are preferred over a single location. • In a pull distribution system, storage costs play a greater role in location-allocation decisions than distribution costs. • In the push distribution system, finding an optimal vehicle routing plan is computationally intensive for stockpiles with a large number of assigned counties. • Efficient heuristics perform well to design recourse routing plans when realized demand is greater than expected. • In the event that planners wish to specify routes well in advance, the results of this research suggest adopting a robust routing plan based on higher-than-expected demand levels. This thesis makes three important contributions. The first is an optimization approach that considers multiple distribution strategies. This is especially relevant when stockpiling for an influenza pandemic where stockpiles need to be located significantly before the material is needed, during which time the distribution strategy may change. Second, the case study demonstrates that the proposed methods are applicable to a large-scale problem arising in practice. Finally, this research illustrates for decision-makers the tradeoffs between different stockpile management strategies and between optimal and heuristic methods.
33
Lutters, Marie-Claire. "Explaining the Occupational Class Gradient in Health Among Swedish Employees: Physical and Psychosocial Work-Related Stressors." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157309.
Abstract:
The work environment constitutes a key social determinant of health, yet previous research is relatively limited vis-à-vis the contribution of both physical and psychosocial work-related stressors on occupational class differences in health among Swedish employees. This study used cross-sectional data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey 2010 to assess the mediating effect of physical and psychosocial work-related stressors to occupational class differences in physical and mental ill health in Sweden. Disparities between gender were also considered. A sub-sample of 2,624 full- and part-time employed individuals aged 18-65 was analysed using logistic regression. Employees who belonged to higher occupational classes had a lower risk of physical ill health compared to employees from lower occupational classes when age, gender and part-time work is accounted for – but there was no evidence of an occupational class gradient in mental ill health. Similar results were observed among men and women. In line with previous research, differential exposure to physical work-related stressors explained most of the occupational class gradient in physical ill health, yet certain psychosocial work-related stressors were also influential. Future research should further examine what other work-related factors – or social determinants of health – can help explain the association between occupational class and mental health.
34
DiCello, Victoria L. "WILL USING THE WALKSTATION TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT THE WORKPLACE DECREASE LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281024868.
35
Shirangi, Adeleh. "Occupational hazards in veterinary practice and possible effects on reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0087.
Abstract:
[Truncated abstract] Veterinarians have considerable potential for exposure to several known reproductive hazards such as radiation, anaesthetic gases, pesticides, long working hours and occupational stress. Reproductive effects are a concern to female veterinarians, especially now that about 65% of graduates from Australian veterinary science schools are female. In the last two decades, there have been reports on the possible associations between occupational exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians, but most of them have been equivocal and the whole area remains controversial. More evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was conducted as a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools during the 40-year period 1960-2000. Of 5,748 eligible veterinarians who were sent the questionnaires (73% of the whole cohort), 2,800 replied including 1,197 females (42.8%). Among women veterinarians eligible to participate, 59% participated . . . Identification of these associations may provide the opportunity for preventing harmful exposures and thus reduce the risk of any adverse reproductive outcomes not only for veterinarians, but also for other groups exposed to these risks such as veterinary nurses, animal laboratory technicians, anaesthetists, dentists, dental assistants, and other similar professional groups. The author of this thesis, having completely addressed the research objectives of her doctoral candidacy, has set out and acted on a future research agenda designed to explore the association between perceived occupational stress and pregnancy outcomes and infertility in Australian female veterinarians.
36
Foster, Loren Lee. "Characterization of the Airborne Particulates Generated by a Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation Kit." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5420.
Abstract:
Spray Polyurethane Foam insulation (SPF) kits are currently being marketed and sold to do-it-yourselfers to meet various insulating needs. Like commercial SPF systems, the primary health concern with SPF kits is user overexposure to the isocyanates during product application. The potential health risk associated with SPF applications is driven by several factors including (but not limited to): the toxicity of isocyanates; the potentially high exposure intensity; the quantity of isocyanates used in the process; the enclosed nature of the environment in which the product could be applied; the potentially high exposure duration/frequency; and the limited availability of control measures to reduce agent intensity (e.g., personal protective equipment, dilution ventilation). To better understand the potential hazards associated with the use of SPF kits, the current study was designed to provide an initial characterization of user exposure to airborne particulate during the application process. Specifically, the study would aim to answer the following:
* What is the particle size distribution of the aerosol a SPF kit user is exposed to during application?
* What is the airborne particle mass concentration a SPF kit user is exposed to during application?
To answer these questions, a single commercially available SPF kit was selected for use and a mock residential environment was constructed to support repeated applications of SPF. Size-selective and total dust air sampling were conducted during the applications to determine the particle size distribution and mass concentration of aerosols generated by the selected kit. The particle size distributions developed from the size selective sampling results showed the presence of airborne particulate capable of penetration to the gas exchange regions of the respiratory tract. The average mass median diameter and geometric standard deviation of the particle size distributions were 4.6 µm and 2.7 respectively. The total dust sampling results showed mean airborne concentrations of 10.40 mg/m3. Based on the sampling results the study, personal air monitoring is needed to assess the degree of user exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and to provide information for the selection of exposure control methods.
37
Pereira, Magda Fabiana do Amaral. "Conflito socioambiental frente à implantaÃÃo de perÃmetro irrigado na Chapada do Apodi/RN na perspectiva dos atingidos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12174.
Abstract:
nÃo hÃA Chapada do Apodi/RN vivencia a chamada âchegada do progressoâ atravÃs do PerÃmetro Irrigado Santa Cruz do Apodi, gerador de conflito socioambiental. A pesquisa teve como objetivo: descrever, na perspectiva dos atingidos, o conflito socioambiental decorrente da implantaÃÃo de perÃmetro irrigado na Chapada do Apodi/RN. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com aproximaÃÃes com a SaÃde e as CiÃncias Sociais; aconteceu em Apodi/RN, com grupo de 11 agricultores familiares chapadenses (3 mulheres e 8 homens, mÃdia de idade de 36,5 anos e com escolaridade do ensino fundamental incompleto atà o superior completo) e mais 2 membros do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais de Apodi. Aconteceram 3 entrevistas semiestruturadas e 3 encontros com roteiros norteadores, a partir da ecologia de saberes. As falas foram analisadas a partir das seguintes categorias: as influÃncias na construÃÃo das concepÃÃes dos sujeitos sobre o conflito na Chapada potiguar; o passado sem o DNOCS; o presente com o DNOCS; o futuro que o DNOCS quer para o territÃrio chapadense; o futuro que os agricultores querem para eles. Na construÃÃo da concepÃÃo sobre o conflito na Chapada potiguar, sobressaÃram o SeminÃrio Impactos do AgronegÃcio/AgrotÃxico na SaÃde do Trabalhador e no Ambiente e os intercÃmbios no territÃrio do Baixo-Jaguaribe/CE e Baixo-AÃu/RN. Quanto ao passado do territÃrio, as origens variam: algumas eram antigos latifÃndios vendidos para o Governo Federal ou outros ÃrgÃos (como a ForÃa Sindical, no caso de Palmares) para o programa de Reforma AgrÃria (assentamentos); hà tambÃm as comunidades originadas pela fixaÃÃo de famÃlias em determinadas regiÃes (como em Quixabeirinha). PorÃm, nos mapas dos documentos do Estado sobre a Chapada/RN, as comunidades e os assentamentos sÃo invisibilizados e marginalizados, a depender da necessidade de usufruto para o perÃmetro, o que gera difÃcil resistÃncia ao projeto atravÃs de mobilizaÃÃes e articulaÃÃes com outras entidades. Para o futuro da Chapada potiguar, o DNOCS preconiza a implantaÃÃo do perÃmetro em questÃo enquanto os agricultores familiares almejam continuar com seu modo de vida, recebendo incentivos estatais para seu fortalecimento. ConcluÃmos que os territÃrios e a agricultura familiar nÃo precisam e nÃo aceitam esse modelo de modernizaÃÃo agrÃcola preconizado na RevoluÃÃo Verde. O modelo requer um Estado que arque com a estrutura na Chapada, para que as empresas possam ocupar, instalar-se, produzir, lucrar e partir quando acharem que à inviÃvel continuar em Apodi. PorÃm implanta polÃticas pÃblicas que: nÃo beneficiam a populaÃÃo; restringem o acesso à Ãgua; geram pressÃes (emocionais/psicolÃgicas; a partir da falÃcia das benesses, polÃticas, sociais) nos chapadenses; inviabiliza a produÃÃo agrÃcola tradicional pela contaminaÃÃo ambiental com agrotÃxicos do agronegÃcio; geram empregos degradantes à saÃde; desapropriam os povos; investem mais de 200 milhÃes para fortalecer o agronegÃcio; provocam uma luta desigual reconhecida pelos agricultores familiares. Para se somar à resistÃncia ao perÃmetro, convidamos a Rede Brasileira de JustiÃa Ambiental (RBJA) e colocamos à disposiÃÃo dos atingidos o presente documento. Reconhecemos o valor do territÃrio e que a pesquisa contribuiu para divulgaÃÃo e fortalecimento da luta, quando se propÃe a ouvir as falas e valorizar as demandas dos agricultores familiares.
The Chapada do Apodi/RN experiences called "arrival of progress" through the Irrigation Santa Cruz Apodi, generator socioenvironmental conflict. The research aimed to describe, from the perspective of those affected, the conflict resulting from the implementation of environmental irrigated the Apodi Plateau/RN. This is a qualitative research approaches with Health and Social Sciences; happened Apodi/RN with a group of 11 family farmers from Chapada (3 women and 8 men, mean age 36.5 years and schooling elementary school until college) and 2 members of the Union of Rural Workers of Apodi. There were three semi-structured interviews and meetings with three guiding tours from the ecology of knowledge. The speeches were analyzed from the following categories: the influences on the construction of conceptions of the subject on the conflict in Plateau RN; without DNOCS the past and the present with DNOCS; DNOCS the future that wants to chapadense territory, the future that farmers want for them. In building design on the conflict in Plateau RN highlights the Impacts of Agribusiness Seminar/Pesticides in Occupational Health and Environment and exchanges within the Baixo-Jaguaribe/CE and Baixo-AÃu/RN. As the last of the territory, the origins vary: some old estates were sold to the Federal Government or other organs (such as the Union Force in the case of Palmares) for the program of Agrarian Reform (settlements), there are also communities, originated by fixing families in certain areas (as in Quixabeirinha). However, the maps of state documents on the Chapada/RN communities and settlements are invisible and marginalized depending on the need for enjoyment for perimeter which creates resistance difficult project through mobilizations and joints with other entities. For the future of Chapada/RN, DNOCS recommends deploying Perimeter concerned while farmers aim to continue their way of life receiving state incentives for its strengthening. We conclude that the territories and family farming need not and do not accept this model of agricultural modernization advocated in the Green Revolution. The model requires a state to bear with the structure in Chapada for companies to occupy, settle, produce, and profit from when find it impossible to continue in Apodi. However, implements policies that: not benefit the population; restrict access to water; generate pressures (emotional/psychological , from the fallacy of the benefits, political, social) in chapadenses; undermines the traditional agricultural production with environmental contamination by pesticides of agribusiness; generate jobs degrading health; expropriates people; invest over 200 million to strengthen agribusiness; cause an unequal struggle recognized by farmers. To add resistance to the perimeter, invite the Brazilian Network for Environmental Justice (RBJA) and we provide those affected with this document. We recognize the value of the territory and the research contributed to the dissemination and strengthening of the fight, when it proposes to hear the speeches and appreciate the demands of family farmers.
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Vickous, Kim Elaine Young. "An All-Terrain Vehicle Safety Educational Program: Is It Effective in Improving Attitudes, Safety Knowledge, and Behaviors in Adolescents Ages 12 to 18?" TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/23.
Abstract:
All terrain vehicles (ATVs) are a popular source of recreation. For some rural adolescents, ATVs are frequently used for agricultural work. Whether for work or recreation, many adolescents operate ATVs improperly either from a lack of knowledge, poor judgment or they engage in risky behaviors resulting in injuries and fatalities.
The Kentucky Department of Agriculture (KDA) has devoted resources to provide ATV safety programs to educate adolescents statewide. However, there are no known studies evaluating the effectiveness of this KDA intervention. Therefore, a pilot study was proposed to determine the effectiveness of The KDA ATV safety program in improving ATV safety knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adolescents ages 12 to 18.
Following HSRB approval, a pre-experimental one group, pre-test, post-test design pilot study was conducted. A convenience sample (n=18) was drawn from adolescents registered to attend an ATV safety program provided by the KDA. The study was conducted in a south central Kentucky city.
Haddon’s Matrix was used as the theoretical framework using the dual axis approach to injury prevention and injury control. On one axis are the host, the agent and the environment. In this study the host is the adolescent ATV driver, and the agent is the all-terrain vehicle. The environment includes the terrain, applicable ATV laws and societal attitudes toward ATV safety. On the second axis are the pre-event, event and post-event phases. Haddon’s Matrix is a process mechanism in which opportunities to reduce ATV related injuries and fatalities can be identified. It is believed that knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding ATV safety can be positively influenced through effective educational strategies, ATV engineering design changes and ATV law enforcement issues as identified through the use of Haddon’s Matrix.
Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed no statistically significant changes in adolescent knowledge following the intervention. However, there were statistically significant improvements in ATV related safety attitudes and behaviors.
In conclusion, efforts should continue to prevent ATV-related injuries and fatalities via educational strategies to change behaviors and attitudes regarding ATV safety in communities and individuals. Implications include the need for further research to determine best practice ATV educational strategies that create positive change.
39
Ramalingam, Malarvili. "Metal exposure in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women of Western Australia and contribution of environmental sources." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/450.
Abstract:
Metals pollution is a growing global concern and human exposure has been associated with increased chronic and acute health effects even at low metal concentrations (Hu et al., 2006; US EPA, 2007; Rice et al., 2010; UNEP, 2010). Sensitive members of the population, such as neonates, children and pregnant women, in particular, are at increased risk due to their biological vulnerability (Jarup, 2003; Ettinger et al., 2007; US EPA, 2007). While much literature has examined exposure to metal contaminants, focussing on exposures from point sources, few studies have explored exposure in pregnant women and the factors that may influence their exposure. This study examined the degree of cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium exposure in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women and the factors and sources contributing to their exposure. Studies have shown that environmental media are potential sources of metals exposure for humans, and exposure in the general population can occur through inhalation of contaminated air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food, or by dermal contact. This study is one of the few conducted in Australia, where source identification was carried out on the basis of biological monitoring (personal exposure) and residential environmental concentrations. Source identification of metals using chemometrics was conducted to identify whether drinking water, soil and dust were potential sources of maternal exposure. A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the exposure of pregnant women aged between 19 and 44 years to specific metals. One hundred and nineteen women were recruited via local hospitals and the community in different locations across Western Australia (WA). Exposure assessment was undertaken using biological and environmental sampling in combination with questionnaire information. Cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium concentrations were determined in blood, urine, drinking water, soil and dust samples provided by the participants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine a broad range of metals in blood, urine and drinking water, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for metals in soil and dust. The samples targeted for this study, were anticipated to contain low metal concentrations as the study involves a non-occupationally exposed population. Hence, sensitive analytical methods with improved detection limits were essential. Emphasis was given to blood analysis because it involves direct assessment of human exposure to metals and also because it has high matrix variability (IPCS, 2000; UNEP, 2008). Therefore, this study included the optimisation of the microwave digestion method for measuring a broad range of elements simultaneously in human blood using ICP-MS. In this study, most women recorded low concentrations of metals in blood and urine. Metals were detected in most samples with the exception of mercury in urine and nickel in blood. On the whole, the geometric mean blood and urinary cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and mercury concentrations of these pregnant Australian women were similar to or lower than ranges reported in the international literature. However, a few individuals, had high exposure concentrations especially cadmium and mercury, which have been shown to be associated with adverse health effects in other studies. The geometric mean blood and urinary nickel concentrations were elevated. Uranium concentrations in both blood and urine samples were high. The metal concentrations in drinking water, soil and dust samples were generally low, with the exception of uranium in dust. Regression analysis indicated that drinking water, soil and dust were not important contributors to maternal exposure at background concentrations, however, a chemometrics study revealed that mixed sources of environmental media may have significant contribution to metals exposure. Drinking water, soil and dust were identified as potential sources of metals in blood, but not in urine. Demographics, behaviours and lifestyle characteristics were found to be less contributing to maternal exposure but there were indications that diet and water supply might be important contributors. The results obtained provide some information on personal exposure concentrations of pregnant women residing in Western Australia resulting from non-occupational exposure to cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel and uranium, which can be used as a benchmark for future studies. Furthermore, this study employed a chemometrics approach and specifically partial least squares (PLS) to identify the sources. This allowed the determination of sources contributing to human exposure at lower metal concentrations. Finally, the presence of high concentrations of cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury in some maternal blood and urine samples, and the generally elevated nickel and uranium concentrations are cause for concern. Further studies are required to better understanding the risks associated with metals exposure and so provide a safer environment for all.
40
Hopf, Nancy Brenna. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures in aluminum smelter and offshore workers." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1236105868.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisors: Glenn Talaska PhD (Committee Chair), Paul Succop PhD (Committee Member), Mary Beth Genter PhD (Committee Member), James Mack PhD (Committee Member), Tania Carreon PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 26, 2009). Keywords: PAC; Offshore; exposure; biomonitoring; aluminium. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
41
Sandh, Marie. "Är tillit till kollegor på arbetsplatsen associerat med mental hälsa?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21658.
Abstract:
Bakgrund: Tillit till andra individer förklarar variation i mental hälsa. På senare år har intresset ökat för tillit i ett inomorganisatoriskt sammanhang då arbete tillsammans förutsätter att man kan lita på sina kollegor, både för att uppnå organisationens mål men även sina egna. Tillit ses som en viktig komponent för de anställdas välmående då tillit främjar hälsa och motverkar mental ohälsa. Tillit kan definieras som viljan att vara sårbar inför andra individers agerande vilket ger en osäkerhet för andra individers handlande. Risken och osäkerheten som tillit innebär blir större vid mötet av en främling än vid mötet av en nära. Risken och osäkerheten som tillit medför utgör ett hinder för att ha stöd i relationer och därför kan låg tillit leda till ångest och depression. Det finns vissa likheter mellan tillit och socialt stöd och det tycks som om socialt stöd främjar tillit samtidigt som det främjar mental hälsa, därför kan det vara så att det är socialt stöd, och inte tillit, som förklarar variationen i mental hälsa i en organisatoriskt kontext. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande uppsats var att studera om tillit mellan kollegor är associerat med mental hälsa i en organisatorisk kontext. Metod: Kvantitativ metod med en enkätundersökning med 117 deltagare varav 86 deltog, en svarsfrekvens på 73, 5%. Logistisk regressionsanalys genomfördes för att svara på frågan om tillit till kollegor är associerat med mental hälsa bland kontorshandläggare oberoende av socialt stöd. Signifikansnivån sattes till 0.05. Resultat: Resultatet visar stark tillit till kollegor innebär en lägre risk att utveckla ångest. Resultatet visade att tillit bland kontorshandläggare är signifikant associerat med mental hälsa. Slutsats: Tillit tycks dock vara en viktig variabel då tillit påverkar mental hälsa oberoende av socialt stöd. Tillit är signifikant associerat med mental hälsa trots att socialt stöd är med som en oberoende variabel i analysen.
42
Scott, Krista Janette. "Temperature dependency of burn-off emissions in the automobile industry." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/24.
43
Costa, Taiza Florencio. "Gerenciamento de resíduos químicos perigosos manuseados pela enfermagem de um hospital universitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7136/tde-30032010-111733/.
Abstract:
O presente estudo tratou do Gerenciamento de Resíduos Químicos Perigosos (GRQP) manuseados pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário.Teve como objetivos identificar os produtos de uso médico-hospitalar, contendo substâncias com potencial para geração de resíduos químicos; verificar as informações existentes sobre os produtos químicos perigosos, manejo de seus respectivos resíduos e análise da percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o manejo e os impactos dos resíduos químicos perigosos; e propor estratégias para o Gerenciamento de Resíduos Químicos Perigosos. Caracteriza-se como exploratório, de caráter descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa. A população foi constituída do total de substâncias químicas armazenadas no serviço de farmácia e almoxarifado e por 662 trabalhadores de enfermagem com uma amostra intencional de 19 sujeitos. Foram usados três instrumentos de coleta de dados, sendo, um formulário para levantamento de todos produtos químicos de uso médico-hospitalar da instituição e outro para identificação dos produtos geradores de resíduos químicos perigosos (RQP), além da técnica de grupo focal para coletar dados sobre o manejo. Os dados foram sistematizados e analisados em dois momentos: no primeiro, foram discutidos o universo de produtos químicos da instituição e os com potencial de geração de resíduos químicos perigosos. O segundo envolveu a análise das quatro categorias apreendidas dos discursos dos sujeitos do grupo focal quanto ao manejo dos RQP. A análise dos dados do primeiro momento evidenciou 387 tipos de produtos químicos nos estoques da instituição campo de estudo, dos quais 139 foram triados como produtos geradores de resíduos químicos perigosos. No entanto, a instituição classifica como perigosos 23 deles, os quais são enviados para as unidades assistenciais sem as informações quanto às características de inflamabilidade, corrosividade, reatividade e toxicidade, além da ausência de informações individuais quanto ao manejo de seus resíduos. No segundo momento da análise, apreendeu-se quatro categorias: conhecimento sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos químicos perigosos (GQP); conhecimento da exposição e impactos dos resíduos químicos perigosos; medidas preventivas e sugestões para o GRQP. Evidenciou-se, pelas falas dos sujeitos, a carência de treinamentos específicos sobre o GRQP, noções gerais sobre a quantidade de RQP, conhecimento fragmentado nas etapas do manejo correspondentes à segregação, acondicionamento, identificação e transporte interno, além de total desconhecimento dos sujeitos do estudo a partir da etapa de armazenamento temporário até a disposição final, etapas essas resgatadas no primeiro momento do estudo. Na categoria conhecimento da exposição e impactos, verificou-se que os discursos trazem os trabalhadores de enfermagem como os principais expostos da equipe multiprofissional e não relacionam o impacto da exposição na saúde pública e no meio ambiente. Na categoria medidas preventivas, observou-se, nas falas, uma ênfase ao uso de EPI, com destaque às luvas e máscaras. Quanto às sugestões para o GRQP, os trabalhadores de enfermagem indicaram o treinamento como uma das prioridades, além do desenvolvimento de novos produtos, atenção ao manejo esporádico de RQP, adequação dos EPIs e a implantação de medidas de proteção coletiva. Assim, a análise dos dados subsidiou a elaboração de estratégias para o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Químicos Perigosos (PGRQP), manuseados pela enfermagem da instituição. Portanto, frente aos dados analisados, as propostas foram apresentadas em duas fases. Na primeira, propôs-se um fluxograma de informações entre a instituição campo de estudo e o fornecedor, além da Ficha de Informação de Gerenciamento de Resíduo Químico Perigoso Hospitalar (FIGERQP-HOSP) para subsidiar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduo Químico Perigoso (PGRQP), seguida de uma sugestão de fluxograma de informações entre os setores assistenciais e serviço de farmácia quanto aos RQP manuseados pela enfermagem. A segunda fase de propostas envolveu as recomendações gerais para o PGRQP. Faz-se, ainda, necessária a classificação do universo dos produtos geradores de RQP da instituição e aplicação de estratégias as quais efetivem a elaboração do PGRQP, com vistas à promoção da saúde do trabalhador, saúde pública e do meio ambiente.This study focused on the Management of Hazardous Chemical Waste (MHCW) handled by nursing workers of a school hospital. Its purpose was to identify products of medical-hospital use that contain substances potentially generators of chemical waste, check the existing information on hazardous chemicals, handling of their respective waste, and analysis of the nursing workers´ perception of the handling and impact of hazardous chemicals waste and propose strategies for the Management of Hazardous Chemical Wastes. This study is characterized as exploratory, descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The population was formed by all chemicals stored at the pharmacy and storeroom and of 662 nursing workers with an intentional sample of 19 subjects. Three were used for data collection: the first was a form for the listing of all medical-hospital use chemicals in the institution and another for the identification of products capable of generating hazardous chemical wastes (HCW), in addition to the technique of focus groups to collect data on handling. The data were systematized and analyzed in two instances: during the first, we discussed the universe of the institution´s chemicals and of those with the potential to generate hazardous chemical wastes. The second instance involved the analysis of the four categories extracted from the talks of the subjects in the focus group as to the handling of HCW. The analysis of the data of the first instance found 387 types of chemicals in the inventory of the studied institution, out of which 139 were screened as generators of hazardous chemicals wastes. However, the institution ranks 23 of them as hazardous, but they are sent to health care units without data as to the features of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity and toxicity, in addition to the lack of individual information related to waste handling. At a second moment of the analysis, four categories were determined: knowledge of the management of hazardous chemical wastes (MHCW); awareness of the exposure and impact of hazardous chemical wastes, preventive measures and suggestions to HCW. The dialogues with the subjects evidenced the lack of specific training on MHCW, of general knowledge on the amount of HCW, fragmented knowledge of the handling stages corresponding to segregation, packaging, identification and internal transport, in addition to total lack of knowledge of the study subjects from the stage of temporary storage to the final disposal, stages that were discussed during the first instance of the study. In the category of awareness of exposure and impacts, it was found that the dialogues mention that nursing workers are the people with more exposure among the multi-professional team and do not associate the impact of exposure on public health and on the environment. In the preventive actions category the dialogues evidenced emphasis on the use of IPE (Individual Protection Equipment), especially gloves and masks. As to suggestions regarding MHCW, nursing workers appointed training as one of the priorities, in addition to development of new products, attention to sporadic handling of HCW, adaptation of IPEs, and implementation of collective protection measures. Thus, the data analysis provided subsidies for the preparation of strategies for the Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Wastes handled by the institution´s nursing team. Therefore, considering the analyzed data, the proposals were presented in two stages. In the first, an information flowchart between the institution that is the object of the study and the suppliers, in addition to an Information File of the Management of Hazardous Hospital Chemical Wastes (FMHHCW) to provide input for the Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Wastes (MPHCW), followed by a suggestion of an information flowchart between the health care sectors and the pharmacy service, regarding the HCW handled by the nursing team. The second stage of proposals involved the general recommendations for MPHCW. It is still necessary to classify the universe of products generating HCW in the institution and application of strategies that will make effective the elaboration of MPHCW, with a view to the promotion of the health of workers, public health and environment.
44
Wulff, Marianne. "Reproductive hazards in an industrial setting : an epidemiological assessment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7538.
Abstract:
Background: As more women of childbearing age engage in the workforceand a lot of new chemicals are available, a growing interest of diagnosing andpreventing reproductive disorders due to occupational and environmentalexposure has occurred. The source location of this thesis is the Rönnskärcopper smelter which is situated in the north of Sweden, in the municipality of Skellefteå. Emissions from the smelter, which have diminished during theperiod 1975-1990 include sulphur dioxide and heavy metals, especially lead,arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc. Reproductive studies from the1970s in and around the smelter reported increased risks of spontaneousabortions, malformations and lower birth weight. The aim of this thesis wasto perform a broad and long-term epidemiological assessment of adversereproductive outcome in and around the smelter and to determine if theexposed population suffered from reproductive disturbances during the recentdecades. Subjects and methods: The study involve two main sources of data. Onewas a retrospective cohort formed through record linkage of populationregisters, the medical birth register (1961-90), the register of congenitalmalformations (1973-90) and the cancer register (1961-90). As another source,information on reproductive history, life-style and work related factors wasobtained from a questionnaire study in 1992. An exposed population wasdefined as smelter workers and their children, and also neighbours to thesmelter and their children. Results: In the register study, compared to the reference population, nooverall significant increased risk of malformations, childhood cancer, low birthweight or perinatal death was found in the exposed group. In thequestionnaire study, regarding infertility, no environmental effects were found.Also, no increased risk of a prolonged waiting time to pregnancy or increasedrisk of spontaneous abortions were associated with occupational or environmentalfactors. Conclusion: With the lack of a high statistical power in mind, due to smallsample sizes in some of the studies, the summary of our findings includingseveral outcomes, different epidemiological study designs and studies coveringa long period of time gives no evidence for any increased risk of reproductivehazards due to occupational or environmental exposure.digitalisering@umu
45
Lutz, Eric Anthony. "Human and Animal Exposure to Airborne Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Laboratory Evaluations and Veterinary Hospital Pilot Study." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276101615.
46
Sörebäck, Julia. "Salutogent perspektiv i arbetslivet : En intervjustudie gällande faktorerna krav, kontroll, socialt stöd och stress, bland personal i hemtjänsten efter införandet av ett ny arbetsmetod." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24544.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of the factors demand, control, social support and stress among the staff in home care service and establish how these factors have changed after the introduction of the new working method Vanguardin 2014. The method of the study had a qualitative approach and the data collection was done using semistructured interviews. Four interviews were conducted with staff in a home care service group. The study selection was targeted and the participants were recruited by contacting a manager of a municipal home care service group in a town in central of Sweden.The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed with a manifest thematic content analysis, with a phenomenological element. The results showed that the factors demand, controll, social support and stress have improved since the introduction of the new working method. The results showed that the work-related demands have changed from being a negative factor that caused stress, to instead being something positive that develops staff as individuals. Participation and influence increased in the workplace as staff themselfes began to plan their work. This contributed to an increased sense of control. Social support improved in the workplace since they became smaller groups and thus became better acquainted with each other. Stress is no longer due to high workload but occurs rather if problems arise in the work group. The conclusion is that demands, control, support and stress are important factors in working life that either affect health negatively or positively. Vanguard as aworking method has contributed positively in the investigated group and improved the perceived health of the workers.Syftet med studien var att undersöka hemtjänstpersonalens upplevelser av krav, kontroll, stöd och stress och utröna hur dessa faktorer förändrats efter införandet av den nya arbetsmetoden Vanguard år 2014. Metoden i studien utgjordes av en kvalitativ ansats och datainsamlingen utfördes genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Fyra intervjuer genomfördes med personer som arbetar i hemtjänsten. Studiens deltagare rekryterades till följd av att en chef för en kommunal hemtjänstgrupp i Mellansverige kontaktades. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom en manifesttematisk innehållsanalys med ett fenomenologiskt inslag. Resultatet visade att faktorerna krav, kontroll, stöd och stress har förbättrats sedan införandet av den nya arbetsmetoden Vanguard. Resultatet visade att de arbetsrelaterade kraven har förändrats från att vara en negativ faktor som orsakade stress, till att istället vara något positivt som personalen utvecklas av som individer. Delaktighet och inflytande ökade på arbetsplatsen i och med att personalen själva började planera sitt arbetet, vilket bidrog till en ökad känsla av kontroll. Socialt stöd förbättrades när de under förändringsarbetet blev mindre grupper och på så vis lärde känna varandra bättre. Stress är inte längre som tidigarerelaterat till hög arbetsbelastning, utan uppkommer snarare om problem uppstår inom arbetsgruppen. Slutsatsen är att krav, kontroll, stöd och stress är viktiga faktorer i arbetslivet som antingen påverkar hälsan negativt eller positivt. Vanguard som arbetsmetod har bidragit med en positiv inverkan på den undersökta arbetsgruppen och förbättrat den upplevda hälsan hos arbetstagarna.
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Lorenz, Vera Regina 1963. "O ambiente da prática profissional do enfermeiro nas unidades básicas de saúde." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/283886.
Abstract:
Orientador: Edinêis de Brito GuirardelloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorenz_VeraRegina_D.pdf: 4473315 bytes, checksum: a4c303b77b0c3d6d9b0a7b9571dc73c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Estudos em ambientes hospitalares apontam associações entre percepções de atributos do ambiente da prática profissional, síndrome de burnout e as variáveis: satisfação profissional, qualidade do cuidado, intenção de deixar o trabalho atual e intenção de deixar a enfermagem, destacando que esses achados podem contribuir na construção de indicadores de qualidade do serviço e gestão de recursos humanos. No entanto, não existem estudos dessa natureza, no Brasil, em atenção primária à saúde. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar percepções do enfermeiro acerca do ambiente da sua prática na atenção primária à saúde de um município no interior do estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de estudo transversal. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma ficha de caracterização pessoal e profissional acrescida das variáveis: satisfação no trabalho, percepção da qualidade do cuidado, intenção de deixar o trabalho atual e intenção de deixar a enfermagem; o Nursing Work Index Revised para analisar: autonomia, controle sobre o ambiente da prática, relação profissional cordial entre enfermeiro e médico e suporte organizacional e; o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para analisar: exaustão emocional, despersonalização e realização pessoal. Participaram 198 enfermeiros. Os resultados evidenciaram médias entre 1,94 a 2,65 para as subescalas do Nursing Work Index Revised (variação de 1 a 4 pontos); 27,98% de enfermeiros com exaustão emocional alta; 32,14% com despersonalização alta; 38,69% com realização pessoal reduzida; 62,63% satisfeitos no trabalho; 34,85% insatisfeitos; 78,97% avaliaram a qualidade do cuidado como boa; 13,33% avaliaram-na como ruim; média da intenção de deixar o trabalho atual de 28,40/100 milímetros e média da intenção de deixar a profissão de 14,40/100 milímetros. Também foram evidenciadas 23 correlações significantes. O estudo sugere que o ambiente da prática profissional do enfermeiro em atenção primária à saúde é parcialmente favorável (1/3) para as percepções de: autonomia, relação profissional cordial entre enfermeiro e médico e suporte organizacional e parcialmente desfavorável (2/3) para controle sobre o ambiente da prática profissional; aproximadamente um terço dos enfermeiros apresentam nível alto de burnout e outro um terço, nível moderado. Percepções do enfermeiro acerca do ambiente da prática influenciam a ocorrência da síndrome de burnout, a satisfação no trabalho, a percepção da qualidade do cuidado e a intenção de deixar o trabalho atual, e sentimentos de burnout influenciam as mesmas variáveis e a intenção de deixar a enfermagem. Esses achados dão visibilidade à situação de trabalho do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde, contribuem para esclarecer a influência dos fatores organizacionais no trabalho e na construção de indicadores para avaliação de serviços de saúde, recursos humanos em enfermagem e saúde do trabalhador; apontam para a necessidade de avaliar o modelo da prática profissional do enfermeiro, o modelo de prestação de cuidados e a mensuração de resultados das dimensões qualitativas do trabalho do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde, fundamentados no conceito de vigilância em saúde e auxiliados pela estratégia da educação permanente
Abstract: Studies in hospital settings show associations among perceptions of the attributes of professional practice environment, burnout and the variables: job satisfaction, quality of care, intention to leave the current and intention to leave nursing work, noting that these findings can help construction of indicators of quality of service and human resource management. However, no studies of this nature in Brazil in primary health care. This research aimed to evaluate perceptions of nurses about their practice in primary health care in a municipality in the state of São Paulo environment. This cross-sectional study. To collect data characterizing a form of personal and professional plus variable was used: job satisfaction, perception of quality of care, intention to leave the current job and intention to leave nursing; the Nursing Work Index Revised to analyze: autonomy, control over practice environment, friendly professional relationship between nurse and physician and organizational support, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to analyze: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Attended the survey 198 nurses. The results showed averages between 1.94 to 2.65 for the subscales of the Nursing Work Index Revised (ranging from 1 to 4 points); 27.98% of nurses with high emotional exhaustion; 32.14% with depersonalization; 38.69% with reduced personal accomplishment; 62.63% satisfied at work; 34.85% dissatisfied; 78.97% rated the quality of care as good; 13.33% rated it as bad; mean intention to leave the current job 28.40/100 mm and the intention to leave the profession of 14.40/100 mm average. Were also observed 23 significant correlations. The study suggests that the environment of professional nursing practice in primary health care is partially positive (1/3) to perceptions of: autonomy, cordial professional relationship between nurse and physician and organizational support and partially unfavorable (2/3) for control over the environment of professional practice; approximately one third of nurses have a high level of burnout, and another third, moderate level. Perceptions of nurses about the practice environment influence the occurrence of burnout, job satisfaction, perception of quality of care and intention to leave the current job, and feelings of burnout influence the same variables and intention to leave nursing. These findings provide visibility to the work situation of nurses in primary health care, help to clarify the influence of organizational factors at work and the construction of indicators for the evaluation of health services, nursing human resources and occupational health; point to the need to assess the model of professional nursing practice, the model of care and measurement of results of the qualitative dimensions of the work of nurses in primary health care, based on the concept of health surveillance and aided by education strategy permanent
Doutorado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Doutora em Enfermagem
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Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander. "Ecology and Epidemiology of Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile in Foods, Food Animals and Wildlife." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313582304.
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An, Jing. "Participation in Outside Home Activities in China: A comparison of Typically Developing Children and Children with Developmental Disabilities." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54174.
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Background: There are personal factors and environmental factors playing impacts on the participation of children with developmental disabilities in China. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the participation of children with developmental disabilities in outside home activities compared to typically developing children. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional method was used in this study. Participants were children with developmental disabilities (autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities) and typically developing children between the age of 5 to 13. An instrument called ‘Picture My Participation’ (Simplified Chinese version) was used for data collection. Results: In general, typically developing children attended more frequently and felt more involved than children with developmental disabilities in outside home activities. There were many similarities in attendance between the two groups of children. They both attended more frequently in formal learning at school, shopping and playing with others, and less frequently in spiritual activities, social activities, and trips. Some differences were found in the activities with lower levels of involvement. Apart from the spiritual activity with the lowest mean score of involvement in both groups, typically developing children felt less involved in organized leisure and trips. However, children with developmental disabilities had lower levels of involvement in health center visits and social activities. There was no significant association between age, gender, place of residence, and participation in neither the attendance nor involvement aspect. Conclusion: Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play essential parts in the participation of children with developmental disabilities. More support should be provided to children with DD.
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SERRA, NETO Artur. "SAÚDE E AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO DO SERVIDOR PÚBLICO FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO: visão da perícia médica." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1298.
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Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T14:40:28Z
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Introduction: Attention Integrated Subsystem Health of the Federal Civil Servants (SIASS) was created to support the Care Policy Health Care Server. Has aimed to coordinate and integrate actions and programs in the health care areas, official expertise, promotion, prevention and health monitoring of servers of the federal administration. From the perception as an expert medical SIASS-UFMA Unit, the following question arose: What are the conditions that generate more departures on the servers? Is there a relationship with your desktop? Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of the main pathologies that affect civil servants attended at the medical expertise of industry and correlate them with their work environment. Methodology: From reports obtained from the electronic medical record, SIAPE HEALTH, in the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 was made a descriptive analysis and later, to make the association of categorical variables with the years collection was performed nonparametric chi -square of independence (χ2). Results: The sick servants are mostly women, in the age group of 31 to 40 years (p <0.0001), who work in the University Hospital exercising the function of nursing professionals and suffering from musculoskeletal disorders and mental disorders. Doctors, the secondlargest in the hospital, are away for a few days from musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal diseases. Road policemen working in an often dangerous environment are also affected by mental and musculoskeletal disorders. It was evident that the work environment of the University Hospital needs a more detailed analysis and a better interaction with the three axes of this policy. Conclusion: It is not only the physical environment that brings problems, but all the psycho-emotional involvement of their working relationships. Not being able to consider these diseases as occupational, but in many of them there is a relation with the work environment. It is concluded that this information can help the managers of the institution in the formulation of preventive measures so as to avoid further sick leave and promote a healthier environment.
Introdução: O Subsistema Integrado de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor Público Federal (SIASS) foi criado para subsidiar a Política de Atenção à Saúde do Servidor. Possui como objetivo coordenar e integrar ações e programas nas áreas de assistência à saúde, perícia oficial, promoção, prevenção e acompanhamento da saúde dos servidores da administração federal. A partir da percepção como médico perito da Unidade SIASS-UFMA, surgiu o seguinte questionamento: Quais as patologias que mais geram afastamentos nos servidores? Existe alguma relação com seu ambiente de trabalho? Objetivos: Traçar um perfil epidemiológico das principais patologias que acometem os servidores públicos atendidos no setor de perícia médica e correlacioná-las com seu o ambiente de trabalho. Metodologia: A partir de relatórios obtidos no prontuário eletrônico, SIAPE SAUDE, nos anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013 foi feito uma análise estatística descritiva e posteriormente, para se fazer a associação das variáveis classificatórias com os anos de coleta foi realizado o teste não paramétrico de qui-quadrado de independência (χ2). Resultados: Os servidores adoecidos são em sua maioria mulheres, na faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos (p<0,0001), que trabalham no Hospital Universitário exercendo a função de profissionais da enfermagem e que sofrem de doenças osteomusculares e transtornos mentais. Os médicos, segunda maior categoria dentro do hospital, se afastam por poucos dias por doenças osteomusculares e gastrointestinais. Policiais rodoviários que trabalham em ambiente muitas vezes perigoso são acometidos igualmente de transtornos mentais e osteomusculares. Ficou evidente que o ambiente de trabalho do Hospital Universitário precisa de uma análise mais detalhada e uma melhor interação com os três eixos desta política. Conclusão: Não é só o ambiente físico que traz problemas, mas todo envolvimento psico-emocional das suas relações de trabalho. Não podendo considerar essas doenças como ocupacionais, mas em muitas delas há uma relação com o ambiente laboral. Conclui-se que estas informações possam auxiliar os gestores da instituição na formulação de medidas preventivas para que se evitem mais afastamentos por motivo de doença e se promova um ambiente mais salutar.