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Journal articles on the topic 'Rat behaviour research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Brown, D. G., N. F. Johnson, and M. M. Wagner. "Multipotential behaviour of cloned rat mesothelioma cells with epithelial phenotype." British Journal of Cancer 51, no. 2 (1985): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1985.35.

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Edwards, RE, RJ Hill, DG Brown, and P. Carthew. "Phenotypic stability and metastatic behaviour of serially xenografted rat mesotheliomas." British Journal of Cancer 62, no. 2 (1990): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1990.260.

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Carollo, Alessandro, Jan Paolo Macapinlac Balagtas, Michelle Jin-Yee Neoh, and Gianluca Esposito. "A Scientometric Approach to Review the Role of the Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA) in Parental Behavior." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030393.

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Research investigating the neural substrates underpinning parental behaviour has recently gained momentum. Particularly, the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPOA) has been identified as a crucial region for parenting. The current study conducted a scientometric analysis of publications from 1 January 1972 to 19 January 2021 using CiteSpace software to determine trends in the scientific literature exploring the relationship between MPOA and parental behaviour. In total, 677 scientific papers were analysed, producing a network of 1509 nodes and 5498 links. Four major clusters were identified:

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Tsiang, Henri. "Different behaviour of fixed and street rabies virus strains in cultured rat myotubes." Virus Research 3 (September 1985): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(85)90395-8.

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Castelhano-Carlos, Magda J., Vera Baumans, and Nuno Sousa. "PhenoWorld: addressing animal welfare in a new paradigm to house and assess rat behaviour." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 1 (2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216638642.

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The use of animals is essential in biomedical research. The laboratory environment where the animals are housed has a major impact on them throughout their lives and influences the outcome of animal experiments. Therefore, there has been an increased effort in the refinement of laboratory housing conditions which is explicitly reflected in international regulations and recommendations. Since housing conditions affect behaviour and brain function as well as well-being, the validation of an animal model or paradigm to study the brain and central nervous system disorders is not complete without a

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Ormerod, MG, JC Titley, TAD Smith, AL Tombs, and S. Eccles. "Proliferative behaviour of an oestrogen sensitive rat mammary tumour: evidence for a paracrine interaction between tumour and stroma." British Journal of Cancer 67, no. 1 (1993): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1993.18.

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Stryjek, Rafał, and Wojciech Pisula. "Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivity." Polish Psychological Bulletin 39, no. 2 (2008): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-008-0011-x.

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Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivity It is believed that the history of laboratory rat dates back to 1820-ies, which is about 300 generations. This relatively short evolutionary distance, drastically different environment and selective breeding could have caused differences in behaviour between the laboratory rat and his wild counterpart - Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). The vast majority of research concerning differences between wild and laboratory rats was conducted over 30 years ago. The knowledge acquired as a result o

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Bowers, Robert Ian, and William Timberlake. "Causal reasoning in rats' behaviour systems." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (2018): 171448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171448.

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Conceiving of stimuli and responses as causes and effects, and assuming that rats acquire representational models of causal relations from Pavlovian procedures, previous work by causal model theory proponents attempted to train rat subjects to represent stimulus A as a cause of both stimulus B and food. By these assumptions, with formal help from Bayesian networks, self-production of stimulus B should reduce expectation of alternative causes, including stimulus A, and their effects, including food. Reduced feeder-directed responding to stimulus B when self-produced has been taken as evidence f

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Wills, Thomas J., Laurenz Muessig, and Francesca Cacucci. "The development of spatial behaviour and the hippocampal neural representation of space." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1635 (2014): 20130409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0409.

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The role of the hippocampal formation in spatial cognition is thought to be supported by distinct classes of neurons whose firing is tuned to an organism's position and orientation in space. In this article, we review recent research focused on how and when this neural representation of space emerges during development: each class of spatially tuned neurons appears at a different age, and matures at a different rate, but all the main spatial responses tested so far are present by three weeks of age in the rat. We also summarize the development of spatial behaviour in the rat, describing how ac

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Rudall, B. H. "Reports and Surveys." Robotica 21, no. 2 (2003): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470200454x.

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ADVANCED NEURO-ROBOTICS1. ‘Robo Rat' projectUnited States scientists from SUNY Downstate Medical Centre have reported on a Robo Rat project that they have initiated. In a research paper published in Nature (May, 2002) they describe some of their remarkable results. It may soon be possible, we are told, that because of their researches, a remote-controlled living ‘Robo Rat' could be involved in numerous and varied applications. Their work is a spin-off from research to give paralysed people the ability to move and feel artificial limbs. The report of the project presents their findings and desc

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Kavitha, U., E. Kayalvizhi, K. Revathy, T. R. Brindha, R. Muthulakshmi, and M. Chandrasekar. "A systematic review on Valproate induced rat model of autism: Pathophysiology, treatment, developmental and neurobehavioral assessment of rat offsprings." Biomedicine 41, no. 1 (2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v41i1.526.

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Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is charecterised by certain degrees of disabilities in social communication, restrictive repetitive behaviour and altered motor and sensory perception. Translational research is carried out by creating animal models of autism to find out the correlation between behavioural changes and the pathology of brain tissue and for clinical trials of newer therapeutic formulations. Valproate induced animal model of autism has significant validity to demonstrate ASD manifestations. An early appreciation of ASD symptoms is needed for a better prognosis. So assessment of beha

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SAYER, KAREN. "The ‘modern’ management of rats: British agricultural science in farm and field during the twentieth century." BJHS Themes 2 (2017): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2017.7.

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AbstractDuring the period from 1919 to 1970, rat killing was ‘modernized’: official, scientific, commercial, agricultural and county advisers sought ‘rat control’. Scientific expertise on rat parasites and rat control circulated internationally. The risks posed to human health through plague, as traced by researchers who were already expert on the third pandemic, led in the UK to the Rats and Mice (Destruction) Act 1919; and the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, at Hot Springs, Virginia, USA, 1943 informed its replacement, the Prevention of Damage by Pests Act 1949. Anticoagul

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Tokalov, Sergey V., Wolfgang Enghardt, and Nasreddin Abolmaali. "Improvement of Radiation-Mediated Immunosuppression of Human NSCLC Tumour Xenografts in a Nude Rat Model." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/580531.

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Human tumour xenografts in a nude rat model have consistently been used as an essential part of preclinical studies for anticancer drugs activity in human. Commonly, these animals receive whole body irradiation to assure immunosuppression. But whole body dose delivery might be inhomogeneous and the resulting incomplete bone marrow depletion may modify tumour behaviour. To improve irradiation-mediated immunosuppression of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts in a nude rat model irradiation (2 + 2 Gy) from opposite sides of animals has been performed using a conventional X-ray tub

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Landes, Xavier, Martin Marchman, and Morten Nielsen. "The academic rat race: Dilemmas and problems in the structure of academic competition." Learning and Teaching 5, no. 2 (2012): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2012.050205.

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The social benefits expected from academia are generally identified as belonging to three broad categories: research, education and contribution to society in general. However, evaluating the present situation of academia according to these criteria reveals a somewhat disturbing phenomenon: an increased pressure to produce articles (in peer-reviewed journals) has created an unbalanced emphasis on the research criterion at the expense of the latter two. More fatally, this pressure has turned academia into a rat race, leading to a deep change in the fundamental structure of academic behaviour, a

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Sblano, Cesare, Silvia Micelli та Daniela Meleleo. "Effects of n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside on Human and Rat Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Against Hemolysis". Open Biology Journal 5, № 1 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874196701205010001.

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The practical importance for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries of the interactions between biological membranes and surfactant molecules has led to intensive research within this area. The interactions of non-ionic surfactant n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) with the human and rat erythrocyte membranes were studied. The in vitro hemolytic and antihemolytic activities were determined by employing a method in which both erythrocytes were added to the hypotonic medium containing OG at different concentrations, and the amount of haemoglobin released was determined. noctyl- β-D-glucopyran

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Kyme, Andre, Steven Meikle, Clive Baldock, and Roger Fulton. "Tracking and characterizing the head motion of unanaesthetized rats in positron emission tomography." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 76 (2012): 3094–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0334.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important in vivo molecular imaging technique for translational research. Imaging unanaesthetized rats using motion-compensated PET avoids the confounding impact of anaesthetic drugs and enables animals to be imaged during normal or evoked behaviour. However, there is little published data on the nature of rat head motion to inform the design of suitable marker-based motion-tracking set-ups for brain imaging—specifically, set-ups that afford close to uninterrupted tracking. We performed a systematic study of rat head motion parameters for unanaesthetize

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Caulk, Alexander W., Zhanna V. Nepiyushchikh, Ryan Shaw, J. Brandon Dixon, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "Quantification of the passive and active biaxial mechanical behaviour and microstructural organization of rat thoracic ducts." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 108 (2015): 20150280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0280.

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Mechanical loading conditions are likely to play a key role in passive and active (contractile) behaviour of lymphatic vessels. The development of a microstructurally motivated model of lymphatic tissue is necessary for quantification of mechanically mediated maladaptive remodelling in the lymphatic vasculature. Towards this end, we performed cylindrical biaxial testing of Sprague–Dawley rat thoracic ducts ( n = 6) and constitutive modelling to characterize their mechanical behaviour. Spontaneous contraction was quantified at transmural pressures of 3, 6 and 9 cmH 2 O. Cyclic inflation in calc

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Tawonsawatruk, T., O. Sriwatananukulkit, W. Himakhun, and W. Hemstapat. "Comparison of pain behaviour and osteoarthritis progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection and osteochondral injury in rat models." Bone & Joint Research 7, no. 3 (2018): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.73.bjr-2017-0121.r2.

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Objectives In this study, we compared the pain behaviour and osteoarthritis (OA) progression between anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and osteochondral injury in surgically-induced OA rat models. Methods OA was induced in the knee joints of male Wistar rats using transection of the ACL or induction of osteochondral injury. Changes in the percentage of high limb weight distribution (%HLWD) on the operated hind limb were used to determine the pain behaviour in these models. The development of OA was assessed and compared using a histological evaluation based on the Osteoarthritis Re

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Sherry, David F., Stephanie L. Grella, Mélanie F. Guigueno, David J. White, and Diano F. Marrone. "Are There Place Cells in the Avian Hippocampus?" Brain, Behavior and Evolution 90, no. 1 (2017): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477085.

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Birds possess a hippocampus that serves many of the same spatial and mnemonic functions as the mammalian hippocampus but achieves these outcomes with a dramatically different neuroanatomical organization. The properties of spatially responsive neurons in birds and mammals are also different. Much of the contemporary interest in the role of the mammalian hippocampus in spatial representation dates to the discovery of place cells in the rat hippocampus. Since that time, cells that respond to head direction and cells that encode a grid-like representation of space have been described in the rat b

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Davidson, Emma. "Between Edges and Margins: Exploring ‘Ordinary’ Young People's Experiences of the Everyday Antisocial." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 1 (2013): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2834.

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In an attempt to understand youth-related antisocial behaviour, UK social policy has typically sought answers from the edge; investigating the motivations of young people perpetrating deviant behaviour or exploring the experiences of victims. Equally polarised and sensationalist narratives are present in journalistic accounts, with Knight's Hood Rat and BBC documentary The Scheme both depicting the lives of young people in ‘disadvantaged’ neighbourhoods as on the margins of society. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in a Scottish housing estate, this paper calls for a localised and si

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Déry, L., G. Charest, M. Akbari, and D. Fortin. "P11.40 Development of an implantable multifunctional biodevice (GlioGel) in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (2019): iii52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.186.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease with a median survival of 14–16 months. This poor prognosis can be explained by 3 factors. First, the infiltrative nature of the disease prohibits a complete removal of the tumor. Second, some of the tumor cells are brain tumor stem cells, which are highly migratory and highly resistant to treatments. Finally, the presence of the blood-brain barrier prohibits entry of therapeutics. This situation implies that new treatment approaches must be directed toward the infiltrated brain surrounding the resection cavity. To bypass this pro

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Kuswati, Kuswati. "Distribusi Kasus Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 15, no. 2 (2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.15.2.56-61.

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Title: Distribution of Leptospiosis Incidence in Demak District, Central JavaBackground: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria and transmitted to human through contact with animal urine into contaminated environment. Demak District is one of the endemic area in Central - Java. The number of cases is fluctuative over the year 2011-2016 with the peak of 20 cases in 2011, and It decreased at low number in 2016. Many factors may contributed such as water puddle, rat, and behaviour. Nowdays,the information about the distribution and spreading of cases was lacking. The purp

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Brancato, Anna, Valentina Castelli, Gianluca Lavanco, Rosa Anna Maria Marino та Carla Cannizzaro. "In utero Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure confers vulnerability towards cognitive impairments and alcohol drinking in the adolescent offspring: Is there a role for neuropeptide Y?" Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, № 6 (2020): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120916135.

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Background: Cannabinoid consumption during pregnancy has been increasing on the wave of the broad-based legalisation of cannabis in Western countries, raising concern about the putative detrimental outcomes on foetal neurodevelopment. Indeed, since the endocannabinoid system regulates synaptic plasticity, emotional and cognitive processes from early stages of life interfering with it and other excitability endogenous modulators, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), might contribute to the occurrence of a vulnerable phenotype later in life. Aims: This research investigated whether in utero exposure to

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Millard, Samuel J., Jeremy S. Lum, Francesca Fernandez, Katrina Weston-Green, and Kelly A. Newell. "Perinatal exposure to fluoxetine increases anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours and alters glutamatergic markers in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of male adolescent rats: A comparison between Sprague-Dawley rats and the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 2 (2019): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118822141.

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Background: With approximately 10% of pregnant women prescribed antidepressant drugs for the treatment of depressive disorders, there is growing concern regarding the potential long-term effects of this exposure on offspring. Research is needed in clinically relevant models to determine the effects on offspring behaviour and associated neurobiological systems. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal fluoxetine treatment on anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours in adolescent offspring as well as associated glutamatergic markers, using a clinically relevant rode

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Rajendran, Vani G., Nicol S. Harper, and Jan W. H. Schnupp. "Auditory cortical representation of music favours the perceived beat." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 3 (2020): 191194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191194.

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Previous research has shown that musical beat perception is a surprisingly complex phenomenon involving widespread neural coordination across higher-order sensory, motor and cognitive areas. However, the question of how low-level auditory processing must necessarily shape these dynamics, and therefore perception, is not well understood. Here, we present evidence that the auditory cortical representation of music, even in the absence of motor or top-down activations, already favours the beat that will be perceived. Extracellular firing rates in the rat auditory cortex were recorded in response

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McBride, Devin W., Derek Nowrangi, Harpreet Kaur, et al. "A composite neurobehavioral test to evaluate acute functional deficits after cerebellar haemorrhage in rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 3 (2017): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17696509.

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Cerebellar haemorrhage accounts for 5–10% of all intracerebral haemorrhages and leads to severe, long-lasting functional deficits. Currently, there is limited research on this stroke subtype, which may be due to the lack of a suitable composite neuroscoring system specific for cerebellar injury in rodents. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive composite neuroscore test for cerebellar injury using a rat model of cerebellar haemorrhage. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either sham surgery or cerebellar haemorrhage. Twenty-four hours post-injury, neurological beh

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Bannach-Brown, Alexandra, Sandra Tillmann, Malcolm Robert MacLeod, and Gregers Wegener. "Administration of galacto-oligosaccharide prebiotics in the Flinders Sensitive Line animal model of depression." BMJ Open Science 3, no. 1 (2019): e000017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjos-2018-000017.

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IntroductionMajor depressive disorder is the leading source of disability globally and current pharmacological treatments are less than adequate. Animal models such as the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats are used to mimic aspects of the phenotype in the human disorder and to characterise candidate antidepressant agents. Communication between the gut microbiome and the brain may play an important role in psychiatric disorders such as depression. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota may serve as potential treatments for depression, and this drives increasing research into the effect of

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Geli, Janos, Nimrod Kiss, Fredrik Lanner, et al. "The Ras effectors NORE1A and RASSF1A are frequently inactivated in pheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma." Endocrine-Related Cancer 14, no. 1 (2007): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-06-0031.

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NORE1A (RASSF5) and RASSF1A are newly described Ras effectors with tumour suppressor functions. Both molecules are frequently inactivated in various cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of NORE1A and RASSF1A in pheochromocytoma and abdominal paraganglioma tumorigenesis. A panel of 54 primary tumours was analysed for NORE1A and RASSF1A mRNA expression by TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, NORE1A and RASSF1A promoter methylation was assessed by combined bisulphite restriction endonuclease assay and methylation-sensitive Pyrosequencing respectively. The anti

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Esteban, Pablo G., Paul Baxter, Tony Belpaeme, et al. "How to Build a Supervised Autonomous System for Robot-Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 8, no. 1 (2017): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2017-0002.

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Abstract Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) has successfully been used to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through remote control of the robot in so-called Wizard of Oz (WoZ) paradigms.However, there is a need to increase the autonomy of the robot both to lighten the burden on human therapists (who have to remain in control and, importantly, supervise the robot) and to provide a consistent therapeutic experience. This paper seeks to provide insight into increasing the autonomy level of social robots in therapy to move beyond WoZ. With the final aim of improved h

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Collina, Francesca, Lucia La Sala, Federica Liotti, et al. "AXL Is a Novel Predictive Factor and Therapeutic Target for Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer." Cancers 11, no. 6 (2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060785.

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Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) have an excellent prognosis, but a fraction of them show aggressive behavior, becoming radioiodine (RAI)-resistant and/or metastatic. AXL (Anexelekto) is a tyrosine kinase receptor regulating viability, invasiveness and chemoresistance in various human cancers, including PTCs. Here, we analyze the role of AXL in PTC prognosis and as a marker of RAI refractoriness. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess AXL positivity in a cohort of human PTC samples. Normal and cancerous thyroid cell lines were used in vitro for signaling, survival and RAI uptake evaluation

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Graham, Jane, Conrad Hayes, and Kate Pendry. "Can Team-Based Learning (TBL) Be Used to Deliver Postgraduate Education in Transfusion Medicine for UK Physicians?" Medical Science Educator 30, no. 1 (2019): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00844-9.

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Abstract Background There is global need for evidence-based methodologies to effectively deliver transfusion training. This research critically assesses both efficacy and the practicalities of introducing team-based learning (TBL) to deliver transfusion medicine education to UK postgraduate doctors (residency equivalence). Study Design and Methods One TBL orientation session and three transfusion medicine sessions, mapped to the 2012 Foundation Programme curriculum, were designed adhering to TBL principles. These were delivered by one tutor during ‘compulsory’ (except rota commitments and leav

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Papageorgoulis, Alkiviadis, Panagiota Fallon, Nikolaos Mpalantes, Despoina Papageorgouli, and Nikolaos Pitsikas. "Repeated but not acute exposure with a low dose range of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in a dose-independent manner in two different rat models of anxiety." Nitric Oxide 99 (June 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2020.03.005.

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Miles, Jennifer L., Jason Landon, Michael Davison, et al. "Prenatally undernourished rats show increased preference for wheel running v. lever pressing for food in a choice task." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 6 (2008): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508043353.

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Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has a significant influence in establishing patterns of metabolism and postnatal behaviours in offspring, and therefore shapes their risk of developing disorders in later life. Although it is well established that a mismatch between food consumption and energy expenditure leads to obesity and metabolic dysregulation, little research has investigated the biological origin of such behaviour. We conducted the present experiments to investigate effects of early-life nutrition on preference between wheel running and lever pressing for food during adult life. To a

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UTUME, LN, PM Ansha, and TA Gav. "effects of Orally Administered Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on the Metabolic Syndrome of Adult Albino Rats." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3a (2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.185.

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Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) or glutamate is a commonly used flavour enhancer, naturally found in protein-rich foods; although produced commercially through the fermentation of molasses. MSG is essential in the metabolism of living bodies. The increase in MSG consumption has become a growing concern due to the lack of adequate data on its effects. This study investigates the effects of MSG on weight and blood glucose levels of adult albino rats for an experimental period of eight (8) weeks. Twenty-four (24) albino rats weighing between 48.7 g to 94.6 g were randomly divided into four (4) groups

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Mai, Yang, Liu Dou, Christine M. Madla, Sudaxshina Murdan, and Abdul W. Basit. "Sex-Dependence in the Effect of Pharmaceutical Excipients: Polyoxyethylated Solubilising Excipients Increase Oral Drug Bioavailability in Male but Not Female Rats." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 5 (2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050228.

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It is known that males and females respond differently to medicines and that differences in drug behaviour are due to inter-individual variability and sex specificity. In this work, we have examined the influence of pharmaceutical excipients on drug bioavailability in males and females. Using a rat model, we report that a portfolio of polyoxyethylated solubilising excipients (polyethylene glycol 2000, Cremophor RH 40, Poloxamer 188 and Tween 80) increase ranitidine bioavailability in males but not in females. The in vivo sex and excipient effects were reflected in vitro in intestinal permeabil

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Yan, Hui Qun, Qing Yuan Wang, and Ning Yan. "Experimental Research on Fatigue Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Reinforcement Concrete Made from Building Scrap." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.448.

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In consistent with sustaining development, circularly utilizing the scrap concrete was an important measure for country and human beings. With the development and extensive application of Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), it, as a structure, certainly would be attacked by unfavorable environments and occurred destroy or invalidation, such as fatigue (vibration load of vehicle or equipment). But, its fatigue behavior is different from other concretes as a result of different property of the aggregate of recycled concrete and other concrete. In order to apply RAC more effectively, it is necessa

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Rønnestad, Ivar, Manuel Yúfera, Bernd Ueberschär, Laura Ribeiro, Øystein Saele, and Clara Boglione. "Feeding behaviour and digestive physiology in larval fish: current knowledge, and gaps and bottlenecks in research." Reviews in Aquaculture 5 (May 2013): S59—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12010.

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Yan, H. Q., and Qing Yuan Wang. "Experimental Research on Fatigue Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Reinforcement Concrete from Earthquake-Stricken Area." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.906.

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Aggregate obtained by breaking wasted concrete is called recycled aggregate. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a kind of practical and economic material to reuse the great amount of construction and demolition wastes, which has received many discussions nowadays.Its fatigue behavior is different from other concretes as a result of different property of the aggregate of recycled concrete and other concrete. In order to apply RAC more effectively, it is necessary to study its properties especially for those aggregates from earthquake-stricken area for post-earthquake reconstruction. Therefore

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Cermak, Naomi M., Paul J. LeBlanc, Sandra J. Peters, Rene Vandenboom, and Brian D. Roy. "Effect of extracellular osmolality on metabolism in contracting mammalian skeletal muscle in vitro." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 6 (2009): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-106.

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Extensive research has been conducted on hepatocyte metabolism perturbed under the influence of anisosmotic stress. However, much less is known about the behaviour of skeletal muscle metabolism under similar conditions. After establishing a working model to study anisosmotic stress in resting mammalian skeletal muscle, the current study tested the hypothesis that hyperosmotic (HYPER) stress would lead to increased creatine, lactate, and measured enzyme activity, whereas hypo-osmotic (HYPO) stress would lead to decreased metabolites and enzyme activity vs. iso-osmotic (ISO) stress post contract

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Hughes, Jaime. "Maintenance of Health Behaviors: Exploring the Construct and Its Implications on Research, Education, and Practice." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3019.

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Abstract Modifying health behaviors, including diet, physical activity, sleep, and/or medication adherence, can have a range of positive effects on older adults’ overall health, function, and well-being. Although many evidence-based programs exist to support the initiation of health behavior changes, few address longterm maintenance. Emerging research suggests initiation and maintenance are distinct constructs, each requiring unique skills. Furthermore, maintaining health behaviors depends upon health promotion programs that are sustained, or continually delivered with high fidelity, at commun

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Yan, H. Q., and Qing Yuan Wang. "Post-Earthquake Experimental Research and Microscopic Analysis on Fatigue Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Reinforcement Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1551.

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In consistent with sustaining development, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)that is made from recycled concrete aggregates could be a perfect solution to resource and environment preservation. It is a kind of practical and economic material to reuse the great amount of construction and demolition wastes, which has received many discussions nowadays. But, its fatigue behavior is different from other concretes as a result of different property of the aggregate of recycled concrete and other concrete. In order to apply RAC more effectively, it is necessary to study its properties especially for t

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Cao, Hoang-Long, Pablo Gómez Esteban, Albert De Beir, et al. "A Survey on Behavior Control Architectures for Social Robots in Healthcare Interventions." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 14, no. 04 (2017): 1750021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843617500219.

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The use of Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT) in healthcare interventions has increasingly received research attention. However, a lot of RAT studies are conducted under Wizard of Oz (WoZ) techniques in which the robots are teleoperated or pre-programmed. The trend of RAT is moving towards (partially) autonomous control in which the robot behavior control architecture plays a significant role in creating effective human–robot interaction by engaging and motivating human users into the therapeutic processes. This paper describes the state-of-the-art of the autonomous behavior control architectures cu

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Vidal, José, and Adela Fusté. "Antibody Response and Some Behaviors as Differential Traits between Two Inbred Strains of Mice (C57BL/6 and BALB/c)." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (1993): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.111.

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The goals of this research were to find out if the antibody response and some behaviors are differential traits for murine strains C57BL/6 and BALB/c and to study the influence of strain and isolation on both behavior and the antibody response. 21 C57BL/6 male mice and 28 BALB/c male mice were used; of those, 11 C57BL/6 and 16 BALB/c were kept isolated, and the remaining mice were housed 2 per cage. The tests were Open-fields 1, 2, and 3 (of varying light and sound stimulation), holeboard, light-darkness test, immunization with rat erythrocytes; in addition, the mice were weighed. The traits t

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Sullivan, Karen A., and Rebecca Cox. "The Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Rest and Activity Questionnaire (MTBI-RAQ): A Pilot Study." Brain Impairment 19, no. 2 (2018): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2018.5.

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Objective: To develop a tool for assessing intentions to continue or change activities for recovery following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and determine if they are dependent on injury context or activity type. Method: Adult volunteers with no (or no recent) history of mTBI were randomly allocated to one of two vignette conditions, each with a different injury context. The vignette described an mTBI due to a motor vehicle accident (MVA, n = 76) or sport (SPORT, n = 89). Volunteers reported their rest or activity plans for 39 behaviours comprising three behaviour types (cognitive, physica

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Müller, M. "Influence of loading speed on a change of parameters of adhesive bonds based on cyanoacrylates." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 4 (2016): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2015-rae.

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The paper deals with a behaviour of adhesive bonds created by means of quick-setting adhesives at different speeds of a loading. The aim of the research was to simulate a change of a bearing capacity of the adhesive bond at marginal limits foregoing the bond destruction. Application of quick&ndash;setting adhesives based on cyanoacrylates is considerably spread in a technical practice. Its advantage is speed of a hardening process. A fast creation of a bond and a possibility of fast manipulation with the adhesive bond are connected with it. The manipulation strength of the adhesive bond is

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Haenssgen, Marco J., Nutcha Charoenboon, Giacomo Zanello, et al. "Antibiotics and activity spaces: protocol of an exploratory study of behaviour, marginalisation and knowledge diffusion." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 2 (2018): e000621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000621.

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health priority. Leading UK and global strategy papers to fight AMR recognise its social and behavioural dimensions, but current policy responses to improve the popular use of antimicrobials (eg, antibiotics) are limited to education and awareness-raising campaigns. In response to conceptual, methodological and empirical weaknesses of this approach, we study people’s antibiotic-related health behaviour through three research questions.RQ1: What are the manifestations and determinants of problematic antibiotic use in patients’ healthcare-seek

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Rusu-Zota, Gabriela, Daniel Vasile Timofte, Elena Albu, Petronela Nechita, and Victorita Sorodoc. "The Effects of Idazoxan and Efaroxan Improves Memory and Cognitive Functions in Rats Experimental research." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (2019): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7139.

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Investigating the effects of idazoxan and efaroxan imidazoline receptor antagonists on cognitive functions with the rat Y-maze test; an internationally recognized experimental pattern of behavior, is to be used in order to evaluate the effects of test substances on the simple spatial memory of the laboratory animals. Our experimental evaluation tested the influence induced by idazoxan and efaroxan on the short-term memory on rats. In the experiment were used eighteen (18) male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into three groups (I - Control, II - IDZ and III - EFR) comprising of 6 animal

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Pechansky, Flavio, Mauro Soibelman, and Egle Kohlrausch. "Assessment of Risk for HIV Transmission among Drug Abusers in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 1 (1997): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700110.

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The authors describe the preliminary data from a research project to assess risk behaviors for HIV transmission among drug abusers in the south of Brazil, with particular emphasis on IDUs. Two questionnaires developed by U.S. researchers (the risk for AIDS behavior inventory {RAB} and the risk behavior assessment [RBAJ] were translated and adapted to be used as assessment tools for the first 61 cases of the project. The preliminary findings are reported, as well as implications for the development of future interventions to deal with the spread of HIV in Brazil.

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Willett, Jaime A., Ashlyn G. Johnson, Andrea R. Vogel, Heather B. Patisaul, Lisa A. McGraw, and John Meitzen. "Nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiological properties and partner preference behavior in the adult male prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 4 (2018): 1576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00737.2017.

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Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens have long been implicated in the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie numerous social and motivated behaviors as studied in rodents such as rats. Recently, the prairie vole has emerged as an important model animal for studying social behaviors, particularly regarding monogamy because of its ability to form pair bonds. However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed intrinsic vole MSN electrophysiological properties or tested how these properties vary with the strength of the pair bond between partnered voles. Here we performed whole cel

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Morakotsriwan, Nartnutda, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Woranan Kirisattayakul, and Kowit Chaisiwamongkol. "Autistic-Like Behaviors, Oxidative Stress Status, and Histopathological Changes in Cerebellum of Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism Are Improved by the Combined Extract of Purple Rice and Silkworm Pupae." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3206561.

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Due to the crucial role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of autism and the concept of synergistic effect, the benefit of the combined extract of purple rice and silkworm pupae (AP1) for autism disorder was the focus. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of AP1 on autistic-like behaviors, oxidative stress status, and histopathological change of cerebellum in valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. VPA was injected on postnatal day (PND) 14 and the animals were orally given AP1 at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg−1BW between PND 14 and PND 40. The autism-like behaviors were anal

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