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Journal articles on the topic 'Receptores EP'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Cipollone, Francesco, and Donato Santovito. "EP Receptors and Coxibs." Circulation Research 113, no. 2 (2013): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.113.301616.

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2

Sawyer, ST, SB Krantz, and K. Sawada. "Receptors for erythropoietin in mouse and human erythroid cells and placenta." Blood 74, no. 1 (1989): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.1.103.103.

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Abstract High and lower affinity receptors for erythropoietin (EP) were initially identified on a very pure population of EP-responsive erythroblasts obtained from the spleens of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA). The structure of the receptor for EP in these cells was determined to be proteins of 100 and 85 Kd by cross- linking 125I-EP. In this investigation, studies on the receptors for EP were extended to other mouse erythroid cells and human erythroid cells as well as to the placentas of mice and rats. Only lower affinity receptors for EP were detected on erythroblasts

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3

Sawyer, ST, SB Krantz, and K. Sawada. "Receptors for erythropoietin in mouse and human erythroid cells and placenta." Blood 74, no. 1 (1989): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.1.103.bloodjournal741103.

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High and lower affinity receptors for erythropoietin (EP) were initially identified on a very pure population of EP-responsive erythroblasts obtained from the spleens of mice infected with anemia strain of Friend virus (FVA). The structure of the receptor for EP in these cells was determined to be proteins of 100 and 85 Kd by cross- linking 125I-EP. In this investigation, studies on the receptors for EP were extended to other mouse erythroid cells and human erythroid cells as well as to the placentas of mice and rats. Only lower affinity receptors for EP were detected on erythroblasts purified

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4

Broudy, VC, N. Lin, M. Brice, B. Nakamoto, and T. Papayannopoulou. "Erythropoietin receptor characteristics on primary human erythroid cells." Blood 77, no. 12 (1991): 2583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.12.2583.2583.

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Abstract Erythropoietin (EP) exerts its effects on erythropoiesis by binding to a cell surface receptor. We examined EP receptor expression during normal human erythroid differentiation and maturation from the burst- forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) to the reticulocyte level. In contrast to previous studies, we assessed EP receptor number and affinity in erythroid precursors immunologically purified from fresh bone marrow aspirates or fetal liver samples and in reticulocytes purified from peripheral blood. EP receptors were quantitated by equilibrium binding experiments with 125I EP. We found th

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5

Broudy, VC, N. Lin, M. Brice, B. Nakamoto, and T. Papayannopoulou. "Erythropoietin receptor characteristics on primary human erythroid cells." Blood 77, no. 12 (1991): 2583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.12.2583.bloodjournal77122583.

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Erythropoietin (EP) exerts its effects on erythropoiesis by binding to a cell surface receptor. We examined EP receptor expression during normal human erythroid differentiation and maturation from the burst- forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) to the reticulocyte level. In contrast to previous studies, we assessed EP receptor number and affinity in erythroid precursors immunologically purified from fresh bone marrow aspirates or fetal liver samples and in reticulocytes purified from peripheral blood. EP receptors were quantitated by equilibrium binding experiments with 125I EP. We found that purifi

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6

Fang, K. M., W. H. Shu, H. C. Chang, J. J. Wang, and O. T. Mak. "Study of prostaglandin receptors in mitochondria on apoptosis of human lung carcinoma cell line A549." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 6 (2004): 1078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0321078.

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PGs (prostaglandins) are synthesized through the cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and -2) pathway in a variety of cells in response to various physiological stimuli. All cells require at least one pathway for apoptosis, and mitochondrial play a central role in regulation of apoptosis. In a previous study, incubation of A549 cells with NS-398 (a COX-2-specific inhibitor) induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, and the concentrations of different PGs between various cellular compartments were found to be changed. To determine whether PG receptors are involved in this regulation, Western-blot a

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7

Wognum, AW, PM Lansdorp, RK Humphries, and G. Krystal. "Detection and isolation of the erythropoietin receptor using biotinylated erythropoietin." Blood 76, no. 4 (1990): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.4.697.697.

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Abstract Procedures have been developed to label human erythropoietin (Ep) with biotin to detect and isolate the Ep-receptor. The labeling method used the abundant carbohydrate groups on Ep and resulted in biologically active biotin-Ep (b-Ep) containing 8 to 10 biotins per Ep molecule. Specific binding of b-Ep to cells from spleens of mice made anemic by phenylhydrazine injections was demonstrated using 125I-labeled streptavidin. B-Ep, together with fluorescently tagged streptavidin, was found to specifically detect Ep-receptor-bearing cells by flow cytometry. This was demonstrated in several

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8

Wognum, AW, PM Lansdorp, RK Humphries, and G. Krystal. "Detection and isolation of the erythropoietin receptor using biotinylated erythropoietin." Blood 76, no. 4 (1990): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.4.697.bloodjournal764697.

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Procedures have been developed to label human erythropoietin (Ep) with biotin to detect and isolate the Ep-receptor. The labeling method used the abundant carbohydrate groups on Ep and resulted in biologically active biotin-Ep (b-Ep) containing 8 to 10 biotins per Ep molecule. Specific binding of b-Ep to cells from spleens of mice made anemic by phenylhydrazine injections was demonstrated using 125I-labeled streptavidin. B-Ep, together with fluorescently tagged streptavidin, was found to specifically detect Ep-receptor-bearing cells by flow cytometry. This was demonstrated in several ways. Fir

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9

Audoly, Laurent P., Stephen L. Tilley, Jennifer Goulet, et al. "Identification of specific EP receptors responsible for the hemodynamic effects of PGE2." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 3 (1999): H924—H930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.3.h924.

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To identify the E-prostanoid (EP) receptors that mediate the hemodynamic actions of PGE2, we studied acute vascular responses to infusions of PGE2using lines of mice in which each of four EP receptors (EP1 through EP4) have been disrupted by gene targeting. In mixed groups of males and females, vasodepressor responses after infusions of PGE2were significantly diminished in the EP2 −/− and EP4 −/− lines but not in the EP1 −/− or EP3 −/− lines. Because the actions of other hormonal systems that regulate blood pressure differ between sexes, we compared the roles of individual EP receptors in male

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10

Kim, Soon Ok, Siabhon M. Harris, and Diane M. Duffy. "Prostaglandin E2 (EP) Receptors Mediate PGE2-Specific Events in Ovulation and Luteinization Within Primate Ovarian Follicles." Endocrinology 155, no. 4 (2014): 1466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2096.

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of ovulation. All 4 PGE2 receptors (EP receptors) are expressed in the primate follicle, but the specific role of each EP receptor in ovulatory events is poorly understood. To examine the ovulatory events mediated via these EP receptors, preovulatory monkey follicles were injected with vehicle, the PG synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, or indomethacin plus PGE2. An ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin was administered; the injected ovary was collected 48 hours later and serially sectioned. Vehicle-injected follicles showed normal ovulatory eve

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11

Ye, Yao, Peng Lin, Junyan Zhu, Udo Jeschke, and Viktoria von Schönfeldt. "Multiple Roles of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors in Female Reproduction." Endocrines 1, no. 1 (2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines1010003.

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Among prostaglandins, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (PGE2) is considered especially important for decidualization, ovulation, implantation and pregnancy. Four major PGE2 receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), mediate various PGE2 effects via their coupling to distinct signaling pathways. This review summarizes up-to-date literatures on the role of prostaglandin E2 receptors in female reproduction, which could provide a broad perspective to guide further research in this field. PGE2 plays an indispensable role in decidualization, ovulati

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12

Taniguchi, Shuichi, Chun-Hua Dai, James O. Price та Sanford B. Krantz. "Interferon γ Downregulates Stem Cell Factor and Erythropoietin Receptors But Not Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors in Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Cells". Blood 90, № 6 (1997): 2244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.6.2244.

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Abstract Interferon γ (IFNγ) has been shown to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and to produce apoptosis of erythroid cells, whereas stem cell factor (SCF ), erythropoietin (EP), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have distinct roles in enhancing erythroid cell production and preventing apoptosis. The mechanism by which IFNγ exerts an inhibitory effect on the positive roles of these growth factors is unknown. Although some inhibitory cytokines including IFNγ have been shown to downregulate growth factor receptors, the effect of IFNγ on SCF, EP, and

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13

Taniguchi, Shuichi, Chun-Hua Dai, James O. Price та Sanford B. Krantz. "Interferon γ Downregulates Stem Cell Factor and Erythropoietin Receptors But Not Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors in Human Erythroid Colony-Forming Cells". Blood 90, № 6 (1997): 2244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.6.2244.2244_2244_2252.

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Interferon γ (IFNγ) has been shown to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and to produce apoptosis of erythroid cells, whereas stem cell factor (SCF ), erythropoietin (EP), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have distinct roles in enhancing erythroid cell production and preventing apoptosis. The mechanism by which IFNγ exerts an inhibitory effect on the positive roles of these growth factors is unknown. Although some inhibitory cytokines including IFNγ have been shown to downregulate growth factor receptors, the effect of IFNγ on SCF, EP, and IGF-I rec

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14

Breyer, M. D., H. R. Jacobson, and R. M. Breyer. "Functional and molecular aspects of renal prostaglandin receptors." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 1 (1996): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v718.

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The diverse intrarenal effects of the prostaglandins (PG) are mediated by distinct guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors. The cDNA for these receptors have been cloned, their signal transduction mechanisms determined, and their intrarenal distribution mapped. PGE2, the major intrarenal prostaglandin, interacts with at least three distinct E-prostanoid (EP) receptors that are highly expressed in specific regions of the kidney. Each EP receptor not only selectively binds PGE2, but also preferentially couples to different signal transduction pathways, including: stim

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15

Breyer, M. D., L. Davis, H. R. Jacobson, and R. M. Breyer. "Differential localization of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in human kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 270, no. 5 (1996): F912—F918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.270.5.f912.

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Four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 have been pharmacologically identified, cloned, and sequenced. The present studies determined the intrarenal distribution of these EP-receptor subtypes in human kidney using in situ hybridization with riboprobes for the human EP receptors. mRNA for the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis-coupled EP receptor was highly expressed in cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting duct. RNA for the Gi-coupled EP3 receptor was primarily expressed in the cortical and outer medullary collecting duct, as well as in the med

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16

Nasrallah, Rania, Ramzi Hassouneh, and Richard L. Hébert. "Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 3 (2014): F243—F250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2014.

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Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of disease mechanisms has been gained in recent years, but the current management strategies are ineffective at preventing disease progression. A widespread focus of research is placed on elucidating the specific processes implicated to find more effective therapeutic options. PGE2, acting on its four EP receptors, regulates many renal disease processes; thus EP receptors could prove to be important targets for kidney disease intervention strategies. This review summarizes the major pathog

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17

Coskun, Tamer, Libbey S. O’Farrell, Samreen K. Syed, et al. "Activation of Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Triggers Secretion of Gut Hormone Peptides GLP-1, GLP-2, and PYY." Endocrinology 154, no. 1 (2013): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1446.

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Prostaglandins E1 and E2 are synthesized in the intestine and mediate a range of gastrointestinal functions via activation of the prostanoid E type (EP) family of receptors. We examined the potential role of EP receptors in the regulation of gut hormone secretion from L cells. Analysis of mRNA expression in mouse enteroendocrine GLUTag cells demonstrated the abundant expression of EP4 receptor, whereas expression of other EP receptors was much lower. Prostaglandin E1 and E2, nonselective agonists for all EP receptor subtypes, triggered glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion from GLUTag cell

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18

Tilley, Stephen L., John M. Hartney, Christopher J. Erikson, et al. "Receptors and pathways mediating the effects of prostaglandin E2 on airway tone." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284, no. 4 (2003): L599—L606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00324.2002.

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Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) has complex effects on airway tone, and the existence of four PGE2 [E-prostanoid (EP)] receptors, each with distinct signaling characteristics, has provided a possible explanation for the seemingly contradictory actions of this lipid mediator. To identify the receptors mediating the actions of PGE2 on bronchomotor tone, we examined its effects on the airways of wild-type and EP receptor-deficient mice. In conscious mice the administration of PGE2 increased airway responsiveness primarily through the EP1 receptor, although on certain genetic backgrounds a contribution of

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19

Santilli, Francesca, Andrea Boccatonda, Giovanni Davì, and Francesco Cipollone. "The Coxib case: Are EP receptors really guilty?" Atherosclerosis 249 (June 2016): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.004.

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20

Charles, C. J., E. A. Espiner, M. G. Nicholls, et al. "Clearance receptors and endopeptidase 24.11: equal role in natriuretic peptide metabolism in conscious sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 2 (1996): R373—R380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.2.r373.

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Although many studies have examined the effects of administering natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) ligands and endopeptidase 24.11 (EP 24.11) inhibitors on clearance and bioactivity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), none have systematically compared their effects on the endogenous levels of both ANP and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) under physiological conditions. Accordingly, we examined the hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal actions of an EP 24.11 inhibitor, SCH-32615, and an NPR-C ligand, C-ANP-(4-23), both alone and in combination in eight normal conscious sheep. NPR-C blockade and

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21

Melis, Maria Rosaria, Salvatora Succu, Maria Sabrina Spano, Romano Deghenghi, and Antonio Argiolas. "EP 91073 prevents EP 80661-induced penile erection: new evidence for the existence of specific EP peptide receptors mediating penile erection." Neuropharmacology 41, no. 2 (2001): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00059-4.

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22

Schmitz, Thomas, Brian A. Levine, and Peter W. Nathanielsz. "Localization and steroid regulation of prostaglandin E2 receptor protein expression in ovine cervix." Reproduction 131, no. 4 (2006): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00767.

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Although prostaglandin E2(PGE2) has been identified as a central mediator of the cervical ripening process, the mechanisms responsible for PGE2ripening are still poorly understood, partly because of the lack of information concerning the precise cellular localization and regulation of PGE2(EP) receptors in the cervix. To provide new insights into the mechanisms of cervical ripening, we used indirect immunofluorescence to localize cervical EP receptor protein expression in ovariectomized ewes and examined the effect of administration of progesterone or estradiol. EP receptors were widely distri

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23

Zhang, Zhi-Hua, Yang Yu, Shun-Guang Wei, Yoshiko Nakamura, Kazuhiro Nakamura, and Robert B. Felder. "EP3 receptors mediate PGE2-induced hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus excitation and sympathetic activation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 4 (2011): H1559—H1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00262.2011.

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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an important mediator of the inflammatory response, acts centrally to elicit sympathetic excitation. PGE2 acts on at least four E-class prostanoid (EP) receptors known as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Since PGE2 production within the brain is ubiquitous, the different functions of PGE2 depend on the expression of these prostanoid receptors in specific brain areas. The type(s) and location(s) of the EP receptors that mediate sympathetic responses to central PGE2 remain unknown. We examined this question using PGE2, the relatively selective EP receptor agonists misoprostol and

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24

Hillock, Catherine J., and Denis J. Crankshaw. "Inhibitory prostanoid EP receptors in human non-pregnant myometrium." European Journal of Pharmacology 378, no. 1 (1999): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00442-2.

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25

Takeuchi, Koji, Shinichi Kato, and Kikuko Amagase. "Prostaglandin EP Receptors Involved in Modulating Gastrointestinal Mucosal Integrity." Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 114, no. 3 (2010): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.10r06cr.

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26

Refaat, Bassem, Majedah Al-Azemi, Ian Geary, Adrian Eley, and William Ledger. "Role of Activins and Inducible Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Ectopic Pregnancy in Patients with or without Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 10 (2009): 1493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00221-09.

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ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy (EP), infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women. Activins and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are produced by the human fallopian tube, and we speculate that tubal activins and iNOS may be involved in the immune response to C. trachomatis in humans and their pathological alteration may result in tubal pathology and the development of EP. Blood and fallopian tubes were collected from 14 women with EP. Sera were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against

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27

Michel, Frédéric S., Ricky Y. K. Man, and Paul M. Vanhoutte. "Increased spontaneous tone in renal arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 3 (2007): H1673—H1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00289.2007.

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The spontaneous tone of vascular smooth muscle is augmented in hypertension. The present study examined the role of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase (COX), thromboxane A2/prostanoid (TP) and PGE2/prostanoid (EP-1) receptors, reactive oxygen species, and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in the regulation of spontaneous tone in renal arteries of young and mature Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rings of arteries, with and without endothelium, were suspended in a myograph for isometric force recording. Spontaneous tone (increase above initial tensi

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28

Ueno, M., I. Rondon, B. Beckman, et al. "Increased secretion of erythropoietin in human renal carcinoma cells in response to atrial natriuretic factor." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 259, no. 3 (1990): C427—C431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.3.c427.

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The present studies were undertaken to assess the effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on erythropoietin (Ep) secretion in Ep-producing renal carcinoma (RC) cells using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for Ep. Human ANF produced a significant dose-related increase in Ep secretion at concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-6) M when compared with vehicle controls. ANF (greater than or equal to 10(-9) M) also significantly increased the intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) concentration after 5-min incubation with the RC cells. Scatchard analysis of the human 125I-labeled ANF bin

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29

Xue, Rui, Zhankui Jia, Xiaomu Kong, Guofu Pi, Shengli Ma, and Jinjian Yang. "Effects of PGE2 EP3/EP4 receptors on bladder dysfunction in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305, no. 12 (2013): F1656—F1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2013.

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To investigate the expression of four subtypes of PGE2 E-prostanoid (EP) receptors (EP1–EP4) and the effects of EP3/EP4 on bladder dysfunction in a new neurogenic bladder model induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of EAE was induced using a previously established method, and bladder function in mice with different defined levels of neurological impairment was then examined, including micturition frequencies and voiding weight. Bladders were then harvested for analysis of EP receptor expression by Western blot. Activities of agonists/antagonists of EP3 and

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Joseph, D. P., and S. S. Miller. "Alpha-1-adrenergic modulation of K and Cl transport in bovine retinal pigment epithelium." Journal of General Physiology 99, no. 2 (1992): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.99.2.263.

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Intracellular microelectrode techniques were used to characterize the electrical responses of the bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid to epinephrine (EP) and several other catecholamines that are putative paracrine signals between the neural retina and the RPE. Nanomolar amounts of EP or norepinephrine (NEP), added to the apical bath, caused a series of conductance and voltage changes, first at the basolateral or choroid-facing membrane and then at the apical or retina-facing membrane. The relative potency of several adrenergic agonists and antagonists indicates that EP modulation

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31

Testa, U., E. Pelosi, M. Gabbianelli, et al. "Cascade transactivation of growth factor receptors in early human hematopoiesis." Blood 81, no. 6 (1993): 1442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.6.1442.1442.

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Abstract Highly purified progenitors (including erythroid [BFU-E], granulo- monocytic [CFU-GM], multipotent [CFU-GEMM] progenitors, as well as multipotent progenitors with self-renewal capacity [CFU-B]) express high-affinity growth factor receptors (GFRs), with prevalent interleukin-3 receptors (IL-3Rs) (2,700/cell), a > or = 10-fold lower number of IL-6Rs (145/cell) and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor receptors (GM-CSFRs) (300/cell), and a barely detectable level of erythropoietin (Ep) receptors (75/cell). Hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) dosages inducing peak clonogenet

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32

Testa, U., E. Pelosi, M. Gabbianelli, et al. "Cascade transactivation of growth factor receptors in early human hematopoiesis." Blood 81, no. 6 (1993): 1442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.6.1442.bloodjournal8161442.

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Highly purified progenitors (including erythroid [BFU-E], granulo- monocytic [CFU-GM], multipotent [CFU-GEMM] progenitors, as well as multipotent progenitors with self-renewal capacity [CFU-B]) express high-affinity growth factor receptors (GFRs), with prevalent interleukin-3 receptors (IL-3Rs) (2,700/cell), a > or = 10-fold lower number of IL-6Rs (145/cell) and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor receptors (GM-CSFRs) (300/cell), and a barely detectable level of erythropoietin (Ep) receptors (75/cell). Hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) dosages inducing peak clonogenetic effect

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33

Tavakoli, S., M. J. Cowan, T. Benfield, C. Logun, and J. H. Shelhamer. "Prostaglandin E2-induced interleukin-6 release by a human airway epithelial cell line." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, no. 1 (2001): L127—L133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.1.l127.

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Human airway epithelial cell release of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to lipid mediators was studied in an airway cell line (BEAS-2B). Prostaglandin (PG) E2(10−7M) treatment caused an increase in IL-6 release at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. IL-6 release into the culture medium at 24 h was 3,396 ± 306 vs. 1,051 ± 154 pg/ml (PGE2-treated cells vs. control cells). PGE2(10−7to 10−10M) induced a dose-related increase in IL-6 release at 24 h. PGF2α(10−6M) treatment caused a similar effect to that of PGE2(10−7M). PGE2analogs with relative selectivity for PGE2receptor subtypes were studied. Sulprostone, a sele

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34

Hébert, Richard L., Richard M. Breyer, Harry R. Jacobson, and Matthew D. Breyer. "Functional and molecular aspects of prostaglandin E receptors in the cortical collecting duct." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 2 (1995): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-026.

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Endogenous prostaglandin (PG) E2 production potently modulates salt and water transport in the kidney. Multiple direct effects of PGE2 on epithelial water and sodium transport have been demonstrated in the rabbit cortical collecting duct (CCD). Both functional and molecular studies now suggest that these disparate effects of PGE2 on CCD function are mediated by different EP receptors. When added in the presence of vasopressin, PGE2 inhibits cyclic AMP generation and water absorption. These effects are mediated via an inhibitory G-protein (Gi). In situ hybridization demonstrates high levels of

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35

Pirzadeh, Samaneh, Javad Sajedianfard, Anna Maria Aloisi та Mahboobeh Ashrafi. "Effects of Intracerebroventricular and Intra-Arcuate Nucleus Injection of Ghrelin on Pain Behavioral Responses and Met-Enkephalin and β-Endorphin Concentrations in the Periaqueductal Gray Area in Rats". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, № 10 (2019): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102475.

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Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for orphan growth hormone secretagogue receptors. Ghrelin receptors have been found in central nervous system (CNS) areas responsible for pain modulation and transmission. This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intra-arcuate nucleus (ARC) injection of ghrelin on pain behavioral responses and levels of β-endorphin (β-EP) and met-enkephalin (MENK) in the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) during the formalin test in rats. Thirty-five male rats were studied in five groups. Ghrelin was injected into the left lateral ventricle (ICV, 5 µL

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Refaat, Bassem, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi, Sarah Abdullah Batwa, et al. "The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy." Innate Immunity 22, no. 7 (2016): 534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425916662326.

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This was a prospective case–control study that measured the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) by an IVD CE multiplex PCR kit in fresh Fallopian tubes (FT) obtained from 96 ectopic pregnancies (EP) and 61 controls in the midluteal phase of the cycle. We later measured the expression profile of IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and their signalling molecules, in respect to the type and number of infections, by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. The frequencies of CT, and MG mono- and co-infections were sign

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Blikslager, Anthony T., Susan M. Pell, and Karen M. Young. "PGE2 triggers recovery of transmucosal resistance via EP receptor cross talk in porcine ischemia-injured ileum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 2 (2001): G375—G381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g375.

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16,16-Dimethyl-PGE2 (PGE2) may interact with one of four prostaglandin type E (EP) receptors, which signal via cAMP (via EP2 or EP4 receptors) or intracellular Ca2+ (via EP1 receptors). Furthermore, EP3 receptors have several splice variants, which may signal via cAMP or intracellular Ca2+. We sought to determine the PGE2 receptor interactions that mediate recovery of transmucosal resistance ( R) in ischemia-injured porcine ileum. Porcine ileum was subjected to 45 min of ischemia, after which the mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers. Tissues were pretreated with indomethacin (5 μM). Treatment

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Athirakul, Krairerk, Dennis W. Thomas, Jean-Etienne Fabre, Beverly Koller, and Thomas M. Coffman. "Modulation of Platelet Aggregation by the Ep 3 Receptor for Prostaglandin E 2." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (2000): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.721.

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P153 Prostaglandins (PGs) are vasoactive eicosanoids that regulate vascular tone and platelet functions. PGE 2 is produced by activated platelets and is known to have dual effects on platelet function. At high concentrations, PGE 2 inhibits platelet aggregation while at lower concentrations, PGE 2 may potentiate aggregation. The physiologic functions of PGE 2 are mediated through binding to specific PGE 2 receptors (EPs). Four EP receptor isoforms (EP1-4) have been identified, each with distinctive tissue distributions and signaling mechanisms. However, roles for the individual EP receptor iso

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Martin, L. W., L. B. Deeter, and J. M. Lipton. "Acute-phase response to endogenous pyrogen in rabbit: effects of age and route of administration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 1 (1989): R189—R193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r189.

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Aspects of host defense, collectively called the acute phase response (APR), can be induced by central actions of cytokines. To determine whether aging alters this response, aged and young rabbits were given endogenous pyrogen (EP), a crude preparation containing interleukin 1 and other cytokines, via an intracerebroventricular cannula. Arterial blood was sampled before EP administration and 2, 4, and 24 h later. Measurements were made of changes in body temperature, white blood cells, neutrophils, concentration of antipyretic, anti-inflammatory peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (al

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Gray, S. G., N. Al-Sarraf, and K. J. O'Byrne. "EP receptors in NSCLC, and their regulation by epigenetic modifications." Lung Cancer 60 (April 2008): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(08)70034-5.

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Moreland, R. B., N. Kim, A. Nehra, I. Goldstein, and A. Traish. "Functional prostaglandin E (EP) receptors in human penile corpus cavernosum." International Journal of Impotence Research 15, no. 5 (2003): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901042.

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Fulton, Amy M., Xinrong Ma, and Namita Kundu. "Targeting Prostaglandin E EP Receptors to Inhibit Metastasis: Figure 1." Cancer Research 66, no. 20 (2006): 9794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2067.

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Reader, Jocelyn, Dawn Holt, and Amy Fulton. "Prostaglandin E2 EP receptors as therapeutic targets in breast cancer." Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 30, no. 3-4 (2011): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9303-2.

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Norel, Xavier. "Prostanoid Receptors in the Human Vascular Wall." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 1359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.184.

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The mechanisms involved in vascular homeostasis and disease are mostly dependent on the interactions between blood, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. There is an accumulation of evidence for the involvement of prostanoids, the arachidonic acid metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase enzymatic pathway, in physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions. In humans, the prostanoids activate different receptors. The classical prostanoid receptors (DP, EP1–4, FP, IP, and TP) are localized at the cell plasma or nuclear membrane. In addition, CRTH2 and the nuclear PPAR receptors a

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Takemiya, Takako, Marumi Kawakami та Chisen Takeuchi. "Endothelial Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthetase-1 Upregulates Vascularity and Endothelial Interleukin-1β in Deteriorative Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, № 11 (2018): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113647.

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Microsomal prostaglandin E synthetase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible terminal enzyme for the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, mPGES-1 is induced in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) around inflammatory foci and facilitates inflammation, demyelination, and paralysis. Therefore, we investigated the role of CD31-positive VECs in mPGES-1-mediated EAE aggravation using immunohistochemical analysis and imaging of wild-type (wt) and mPGES-1-deficient (mPGES-1−/−) mice. We demonstrated that EAE induction faci

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Maccarinelli, Giuseppina, Valeria Sibilia, Antonio Torsello, et al. "Ghrelin regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells." Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 1 (2005): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05837.

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It has previously been reported that growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) may have a role in the regulation of bone metabolism in animals and humans. In this study we evaluated the effect of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of GHS receptors, on the proliferation rate and on osteoblast activity in primary cultures of rat calvaria osteoblasts. In the same experiments, we compared the effects of ghrelin with those of hexarelin (HEXA) and EP-40737, two synthetic GHS with different characteristics. Both ghrelin and HEXA (10−11−10−8 M) significantly stimulated osteoblast proliferation at low concentrati

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Zahner, Gunther, Melanie Schaper, Ulf Panzer, et al. "Prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors modulate expression of the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) in response to LPS-induced renal glomerular inflammation." Biochemical Journal 422, no. 3 (2009): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20090420.

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The pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2 [chemokine (Cys-Cys motif) ligand 2; also known as MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1)] is up-regulated in the glomerular compartment during the early phase of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced nephritis. This up-regulation also occurs in cultured MCs (mesangial cells) and is more pronounced in MCs lacking the PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) receptor EP2 or in MCs treated with a prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist. To examine a possible feedback mechanism of EP receptor stimulation on CCL2 expression, we used an in vitro model of MCs with down-regulated EP recep

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Kato, Shinichi, Eitaro Aihara, Katsuhide Yoshii, and Koji Takeuchi. "Dual action of prostaglandin E2 on gastric acid secretion through different EP-receptor subtypes in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 289, no. 1 (2005): G64—G69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00397.2004.

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We examined the role of prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in the rat. Under urethane anesthesia, the stomach was superfused with saline, and the acid secretion was determined at pH 7.0 by adding 50 mM NaOH. The acid secretion was stimulated by intravenous infusion of histamine or pentagastrin. Various EP agonists were administered intravenously, whereas EP antagonists were given subcutaneously 30 min or intravenously 10 min before EP agonists. PGE2 suppressed the acid secretion stimulated by either histamine or pentagastrin in a dose-dependent m

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Aoi, Masako, Eitaro Aihara, Masato Nakashima, and Koji Takeuchi. "Participation of prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 1 (2004): G96—G103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00038.2004.

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We examined, by using a specific PGE receptor subtype EP4 agonist and antagonist, the involvement of EP4 receptors in duodenal HCO3− secretion induced by PGE2 and mucosal acidification in rats. Mucosal acidification was achieved by exposing a duodenal loop to 10 mM HCl for 10 min, and various EP agonists were given intravenously 10 min before the acidification. Secretion of HCO3− was dose-dependently stimulated by AE1-329 (EP4 agonist), the maximal response being equivalent to that induced by sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) or PGE2. The stimulatory action of AE1-329 and PGE2 but not sulprostone

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Bouayad, Asmàa, Hiroki Kajino, Nahid Waleh, et al. "Characterization of PGE2 receptors in fetal and newborn lamb ductus arteriosus." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 5 (2001): H2342—H2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h2342.

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Although the role of PGE2 in maintaining ductus arteriosus (DA) patency is well established, the specific PGE2 receptor subtype(s) (EP) involved have not been clearly identified. We used late gestation fetal and neonatal lambs to study developmental regulation of EP receptors. In the fetal DA, radioligand binding and RT-PCR assays virtually failed to detect EP1 but detected EP2, EP3D, and EP4 receptors in equivalent proportions. In the newborn lamb, DA total density was one-third of that found in the fetus and only EP2 was detected. Stimulation of EP2 and EP4 increased cAMP formation and was a

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