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1

Selvakumar, Kumaravel, Kesamreddy Rangareddy, and John F. Harrod. "The titanocene-catalyzed reduction of acetamides to tertiary amines by PhMeSiH2." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 8 (2004): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-063.

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A variety of acetamide derivatives are reduced in excellent yields to tertiary amines by PhMeSiH2 in the presence of Cp2TiX2 (X = F or Me) catalysts. The reactions are very clean at 80 °C. At room temperature a secondary reaction, hydrogenolysis of the C(O)—N bond, intervenes and reduces the chemoselectivity. Nevertheless, this chemistry provides a simple methodology for the amide/alkylamine transformation using inexpensive, commercially available reagents.Key words: amides, reduction, secondary amides, methylphenylsilane, titanocene, catalysis.
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2

Trott, Sandra, Sibylle Bürger, Carsten Calaminus, and Andreas Stolz. "Cloning and Heterologous Expression of an Enantioselective Amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis Strain MP50." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 7 (2002): 3279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.7.3279-3286.2002.

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ABSTRACT The gene for an enantioselective amidase was cloned from Rhodococcus erythropolis MP50, which utilizes various aromatic nitriles via a nitrile hydratase/amidase system as nitrogen sources. The gene encoded a protein of 525 amino acids which corresponded to a protein with a molecular mass of 55.5 kDa. The deduced complete amino acid sequence showed homology to other enantioselective amidases from different bacterial genera. The nucleotide sequence approximately 2.5 kb upstream and downstream of the amidase gene was determined, but no indications for a structural coupling of the amidase
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3

Glover, Stephen, and Adam Rosser. "Heteroatom Substitution at Amide Nitrogen—Resonance Reduction and HERON Reactions of Anomeric Amides." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112834.

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This review describes how resonance in amides is greatly affected upon substitution at nitrogen by two electronegative atoms. Nitrogen becomes strongly pyramidal and resonance stabilisation, evaluated computationally, can be reduced to as little as 50% that of N,N-dimethylacetamide. However, this occurs without significant twisting about the amide bond, which is borne out both experimentally and theoretically. In certain configurations, reduced resonance and pronounced anomeric effects between heteroatom substituents are instrumental in driving the HERON (Heteroatom Rearrangement On Nitrogen)
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4

Glover, Stephen A. "Development of the HERON Reaction: A Historical Account." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 4 (2017): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16683.

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This account describes the discovery and development of the HERON reaction, a reaction with special connection to the Heron Island Conferences on Reactive Intermediates and Unusual Molecules. This modern ‘named’ reaction describes an unusual rearrangement of bisheteroatom-substituted amides RCON(X)(Y) whereby the more electron deficient group, X, migrates from nitrogen to the carbonyl carbon giving an acyl derivative, RC(O)X, and Y-stabilised nitrenes. In it, the origins, mechanistic elucidation, and theoretical validation are described in more or less chronological order. Along that time line
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5

Glover, Stephen A., and Adam A. Rosser. "The role of substituents in the HERON reaction of anomeric amides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 12 (2016): 1169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0300.

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Anomeric amides, RCON(X)(Y), have two electronegative atoms at the amide nitrogen, a configuration that results in greatly reduced amide resonance and strongly pyramidal nitrogen atoms. This, combined with facilitation of anomeric interactions, can result in the HERON reaction, an intramolecular migration of the more electronegative atom, X, from nitrogen to the carbonyl with production of a Y-stabilised nitrene. We have modelled, at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level, a variety of anomeric amides that undergo the HERON reaction to determine factors that underpin the process. The overriding driving forc
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6

Kazak, D. V., Е. А. Dikusar, E. A. Akishina, R. S. Alexeev, N. A. Bumagin, and V. I. Potkin. "Synthesis and properties of esters and amides of pyridine- and 1,2-azolcarbonic acids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 57, no. 2 (2021): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2021-57-2-185-194.

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Based on esters of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids with hydroxybenzaldehydes, a series of functionally substituted derivatives containing isoxazole and isothiazole heterocycles in the molecule have been synthesized. Azomethines were obtained by condensation of nicotinates and isonicotinates with p-bromoaniline and m-aminophenol, which have been reduced with sodium triacetoxyborohydride to give the corresponding amines. Acylation of amino derivatives of nicotinates and isonicotinates with 5-arylisoxazole- and 4,5-dichloroisothiazolecarbonyl chlorides leads to the esters and amides with isoxazo
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7

Vejdělek, Zdeněk, Jiří Němec, and Miroslav Protiva. "Synthesis of N-(1-phenyl-2-propyl)-2,5-diphenylpentylamine and some related compounds as potential neurotropic and cardiovascular drugs." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 7 (1986): 1487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861487.

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Heating of 2,5-diphenylvaleric acid with 2-phenylethylamine, 1-phenyl-2-propylamine, 1-phenyl-2-butylamine (IX), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propylamine, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-butylamine (X) and 1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-propylamine to 200-210 °C resulted in the amides IIb-VIIb which were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride in boiling dibutyl ether to give the amines IIa, IIIa, and Va - VIIa. A similar two-step sequence starting from 4-phenyl-4-(phenylthio)-butyric acid and the amine IX gave compound VIIIa. The salts of the title amines revealed some central stimulating, antireserpine, thiopent
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8

Bujalowski, W., and D. Porschke. "Selective binding of amino acid residues to trna molecules detected by anticodon-anticodon interactions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 1-2 (1988): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-1-218.

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Anticodon-anticodon pairing of complementary tRNA’s has been studied by fluorescence temperature jump measurements in the presence of different ligands as an approach for the evaluation of ligand binding to tRNA. This procedure is particularly useful for ligands which do not show spectroscopic changes upon binding, but affect the pairing potential of anticodons. Addition of phenylalanine-, tyrosine- and tryptophan-amide leads to a substantial decrease of the tRNAPhe-tRNAGlu pairing constant Kp, whereas Kp remains almost unaffected by addition of leucine amide and increases upon addition of gly
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9

Valenta, Vladimír, and Miroslav Protiva. "Synthesis of several 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzamides, their O-substituted derivatives and some related compounds as potential neurotropic agents." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 2 (1985): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850510.

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Reactions of 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride with pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and 1-methylpiperazine gave the amides IIIa-IIId which were debenzylated by catalytic hydrogenation on palladium. The 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzamides IVa-IVc were then treated with sodium hydride and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride to give the O-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amides Va-Vc. The 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamide IX was prepared as a homologue of the antiemetic agent "trimethobenzamide" (II) and reduced to the benzylaniline derivative X. The substituted nicotinamide XI was obtained from nicotinoyl chlo
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10

Moolky, A., N. Moolky, M. Ankush, K. Usha, and M. Nagabhushan. "Spices May Prevent Human Cancers." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 195s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.78602.

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Industrial and domestic use of fossil fuel (coal, gasoline, natural gas), wood burning (for heating, cooking, forest wild fire), and tobacco smoking releases harmful chemicals to human environment. Air pollutants include a mixture of noxious gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are cancer causing agents are highly toxic and mutagenic/genotoxic. Spices are widely used on a daily basis around the world. Some of the major spices/active principles used in large quantities are turmeric (curcumins), ginger (gingerol, shaogol, zin
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11

Chen, Ye Chuan, Guang Yang, Rui Zhao, and Wei Dong Xue. "Improved Low Temperature Solution Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.180.

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Silicon nanoparticles have extraordinary electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. This paper gives an improved low temperature solution synthesis route of Si NPs. Reduced by magnesium and then passivated by four kinds of amines/amides respectively, stable yellow Si NPs ranging from 5-50 nm were prepared. When passivated by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, grape-like aggregation of 5-20 nm particles were generated. FTIR, XRD, SEM and Electrochemical Characterization were performed to confirm the product. The Si NPs passivated by NMP achieve good electrochemical performance with a first dis
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12

Rabinovitch, M., and V. Zilberfarb. "Destruction of intracellular and isolated Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes by amino acid amides." Parasitology 96, no. 2 (1988): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058297.

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SummaryL-amino acid esters such as leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe) destroy Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes by a mechanism which may involve hydrolysis of the compounds by parasite enzymes. Moreover, several esters (e.g. Ile-OMe) prevent the killing of parasites by Leu-OMe, perhaps by inhibition of the hydrolytic enzymes. We show here that certain amino acid amides are also leishmanicidal. Killing of Leishmania within macrophages was assessed microscopically, and that of isolated amastigotes was measured by reduction of the tetrazolium MTT. Amino acid amides were generally less activ
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13

Nguyen, Anh Minh Thao, Skye Brettell, Noélie Douanne, et al. "Influence of N-Methylation and Conformation on Almiramide Anti-Leishmanial Activity." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123606.

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The almiramide N-methylated lipopeptides exhibit promising activity against trypanosomatid parasites. A structure–activity relationship study has been performed to examine the influences of N-methylation and conformation on activity against various strains of leishmaniasis protozoan and on cytotoxicity. The synthesis and biological analysis of twenty-five analogs demonstrated that derivatives with a single methyl group on either the first or fifth residue amide nitrogen exhibited greater activity than the permethylated peptides and relatively high potency against resistant strains. Replacement
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14

Kmoníček, Vojtěch, Josef Pomykáček, Jiří Holoubek, et al. "Potential antidepressants: 2-(fluoro-, chloro-, bromo- and cyanophenylthio)benzylamines as inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline re-uptake in brain." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 11 (1991): 2468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19912468.

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2-, 3- and 4-Fluorothiophenol, 2-, 3- and 4-chlorothiophenol, and 2-bromothiophenol were converted in two steps into the corresponding 2-(halogenphenylthio)benzoyl chlorides IV which afforded amides V and VI by reaction with dimethylamine and N,N,N’-trimethylethylenediamine. The amides were reduced either by lithium aluminium hydride or by diborane to benzylamines Ia-Ig and IIa-IIc. The reaction of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde with 3-bromothiophenol or 4-bromothiophenol afforded aldehydes VIIh and VIIi yielding subsequently benzylamines Ih and Ii by subsequent reducing amination. Cyano analogs Ij and
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15

Molina-Torres, Jorge, Carlos Junior Salazar-Cabrera, Concepción Armenta-Salinas, and Enrique Ramírez-Chávez. "Fungistatic and Bacteriostatic Activities of Alkamides fromHeliopsis longipesRoots: Affinin and Reduced Amides." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, no. 15 (2004): 4700–4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf034374y.

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16

Jílek, Jiří, Karel Šindelář, Josef Pomykáček, et al. "Potential antidepressants: 2-(Methoxy- and hydroxyphenylthio)benzylamines as selective inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake in the brain." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 12 (1989): 3294–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19893294.

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2-, 3- and 4Methoxythiophenol, and 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-dimethoxythiophenol were transformed in two steps to the corresponding 2-(methoxyphenylthio)benzoyl chlorides XIII which were reacted with ammonia, methylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, and di(2-propyl)amine to give the amides XIV-XIX. These were reduced mostly with lithium aluminium hydride to the amines II-VII. These methoxylated amines were demethylated mostly either by heating with pyridine hydrochloride or by treatment with boron tribromide. Some of the 2-(methoxy- and hydroxy-phenylthio)benzylamines prepared, especially compounds
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17

Sreenivasulu, Bellam. "Diphenoxo-Bridged Copper(II) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Base Ligands as Functional Models for Catechol Oxidase." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 9 (2009): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09263.

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The design and development of synthetic analogues for the active dicopper(ii) sites of catechol oxidase, with the help of binucleating ligands in particular, is an attractive strategy to generate relevant information on structure–function relationships. Dicopper(ii) complexes of different yet closely related series of reduced Schiff base ligands (N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-amino acids; N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-amino amides, N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-aminomethane or ethanesulfonic acids, and N-(2-hydroxy-5-substituted-benzyl)-cyclopentane or hexanecarboxylic acids) derived from various substituted salicylaldehyd
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18

Johns, Jennifer P., Arjan van Losenoord, Clément Mary, et al. "Thermal Decomposition of N-Acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides - a New HERON Reaction." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2010): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10350.

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The HERON reaction has been observed in the thermal decompositions of N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides 1b, members of the class of anomeric amides. The N,N-bisoxo-substitution results in reduced amide resonance and this, combined with an nO–σ*NOAcyl anomeric destabilization of the N–OAcyl bond, results in their intramolecular rearrangement to anhydrides 42 and alkoxynitrenes 43 in competition with homolysis of the N–OAcyl bond to alkoxyamidyls 51. The primary HERON product alkoxynitrenes are scavenged by oxygen, giving a nitrate ester, in competition with a rearrangement to nitriles and dimerization t
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19

Agarwal, Rachit, Yiya Liao, Dai-Jen Lin, Zhen-Xing Yang, Chien-Fu Lai та Chien-Tien Chen. "Enantiodivergent reduction of α-keto amides catalyzed by high valent, chiral oxido-vanadium(v) complexes". Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, № 17 (2020): 2505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo01304k.

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Complementary asymmetric reductions of N-benzyl-α-keto amides were achieved for the first time by an air and moisture stable, reduced form of vanadyl(v) N-salicylidene-t-leucinate with HBPin and HBCat with up to 99% and 90% ee, respectively.
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20

Sandoval, Stefania, and Gerard Tobias. "Tuning the Nature of N-Based Groups From N-Containing Reduced Graphene Oxide: Enhanced Thermal Stability Using Post-Synthesis Treatments." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081451.

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The synthesis of N-containing graphene derivatives by functionalization and doping of graphene oxide (GO) has been widely reported as an alternative to tune both their chemical and physical properties. These materials are of interest for a wide range of applications, including biomedicine, sensors, energy, and catalysis, to name some. Understanding the role of the nature, reactivity, concentration, and distribution of the N-based species, would pave the way towards the design of synthetic routes to obtain improved materials for specific applications. The N-groups can be present either as aliph
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21

Jolley, Katherine E., Michael R. Chapman, and A. John Blacker. "A general and atom-efficient continuous-flow approach to prepare amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (August 24, 2018): 2220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.196.

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Chloramines are an important class of reagents, providing a convenient source of chlorine or electrophilic nitrogen. However, the instability of these compounds is a problem which makes their isolation and handling difficult. To overcome these hazards, a continuous-flow approach is reported which generates and immediately reacts N-chloramines directly, avoiding purification and isolation steps. 2-Chloramines were produced from the reaction of styrenes with N-alkyl-N-sulfonyl-N-chloramines, whilst N-alkyl or N,N’-dialkyl-N-chloramines reacted with anisaldehyde in the presence of t-BuO2H oxidant
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22

Zeng, Xiao Peng. "Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide with Enhanced Solubility and Conductivity and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.859.

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Graphene oxide was modified with phenyl isocyanate first, and then reduced by a two step method-reduction with hydrazine hydrate first and an additional reduction in H2/Ar. The reduction with hydrazine hydrate in the first step can effectively remove the epoxy groups on the graphene, and the disposure of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with H2 will change the residual amides and carbamate esters into conjugated C=N-ph structure. The introduced phenyl isocyanate not only acts as a functionalized group to prevent the aggregation of graphene but also will increase the electron concentration because
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23

Elofson, Richard M., Fahmi F. Gadallah, and James K. Laidler. "Bicyclization of aza-compounds by positive halide ions. II. Lactams and some related cyclizations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 12 (1987): 2770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-460.

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Anodic oxidation of lactams in the presence of halide ions produced excellent yields of bicyclic compounds with reactants having rings in the range of eight to ten atoms (C7 to C9). Smaller rings did not react to form bicyclic products and larger rings gave reduced yields. Attempts were made to cyclize non-cyclic amides and to bicyclize cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl acetamide with limited success.
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24

Andersen, Peter C., Brent V. Brodbeck, and Russell F. Mizell. "434 PB 203 INFLUENCE OF XYLEM FLUID CHEMISTRY OF PRUNUS SPP. ON THE ABUNDANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF ADULT HOMALODISCA COAGULATA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 493d—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.493d.

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The xylophagous leafhopper Homalodisca coagulata Say is an important vector of diseases caused by the bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa (e.g., Pierce's disease, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald, etc.). Neither leafhoppers or X. fastidiosa can be controlled by chemical sprays. For many plant species there is no resistant germplasm. H. coagulata is highly polyphagous, and within Prunus spp. host preference ranges from moderate (plum) to low (peach). The abundance, feeding and performance of H. coagulata on many unrelated plant species have been previously correlated with the amino acid profile,
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25

Buchko, Garry W., Stephen N. Hewitt, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, and Peter J. Myler. "Solution NMR structures of oxidized and reducedEhrlichia chaffeensisthioredoxin: NMR-invisible structure owing to backbone dynamics." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 74, no. 1 (2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x1701799x.

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Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous proteins that participate in a diverse variety of redox reactionsviathe reversible oxidation of two cysteine thiol groups in a structurally conserved active site. Here, the NMR solution structures of a reduced and oxidized thioredoxin fromEhrlichia chaffeensis(Ec-Trx, ECH_0218), the etiological agent responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis, are described. The overall topology of the calculated structures is similar in both redox states and is similar to those of other thioredoxins: a five-stranded, mixed β-sheet (β1–β3–β2–β4–β5) surrounded by four α-helic
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26

Protiva, Miroslav, Zdeněk Šedivý, Jiří Holubek, Emil Svátek, and Jiří Němec. "Cyclic amidines derived from benz[c,d]indole and 4,5-dihydro-3H-1-benzazepine including some related compounds: Synthesis and pharmacological screening." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 8 (1985): 1888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851888.

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Reactions of naphthostyril (I) with primary and secondary amines and titanium tetrachloride afforded cyclic amidines III-IX. Hydrogenation of I on Pd-C resulted in the 6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro derivative X which gave by treatment with sodium amide and 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride the N-(aminoalkyl) compound XI. Reduction of I and its N-methyl derivative II with sodium amalgam in aqueous sodium hydroxide gave the 2a,3,4,5-tetrahydro derivatives XII and XIII. Reaction of XIII with sodium amide and 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride afforded the 2a-(aminoalkyl) compound XIV. 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1-benzaze
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27

Miller-Podraza, H., T. Larsson, J. Nilsson, S. Teneberg, M. Matrosovich, and L. Johansson. "Epitope dissection of receptor-active gangliosides with affinity for Helicobacter pylori and influenza virus." Acta Biochimica Polonica 45, no. 2 (1998): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1998_4238.

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Receptor-active gangliosides with affinity for Helicobacter pylori and influenza virus were chemically modified and analyzed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) or electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI MS) after permethylation. Derivatizations included mild periodate oxidation of the sialic acid glycerol tail or conversion of the carboxyl group to primary alcohol or amides. The modified gangliosides were then tested for binding affinity using thin-layer plates overlaid with labeled microbes or microbe-derived proteins. Mild periodate oxidation, which shortens s
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28

Kmieciak, Anna, Marta Ćwiklińska, Karolina Jeżak, Afef Shili, and Marek P. Krzemiński. "Searching for New Biologically Active Compounds Derived from Isoquinoline Alkaloids." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08417.

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Many isoquinoline alkaloids are biologically active compounds and successfully used as pharmaceuticals. Compounds belonging to the isoquinolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) can be used as anesthetics, antihypertensive drugs, antiviral agents, and vasodilators. In the presented studies, the search for new compounds and synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives was undertaken. Several dihydroisoquinolines were synthesized by Bishler–Napieralski reaction from the corresponding amides. Dihydroisoquinolines were reduced with sodium borohydride to obtain racemic tetrahydroisoqu
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29

Negri, Andrew P., Hugh J. Cornell, and Donald E. Rivett. "Effects of Processing on the Bound and Free Fatty Acid Levels in Wool." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 7 (1992): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200703.

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Bound and free fatty acids in degreased wool fibers were affected to varying degrees by processing treatments. Scouring and dyeing both removed significant amounts of bound and free fatty acids from wool. Free fatty acids were reduced by dissolution into the treatment liquor, whereas bound fatty acids were hydrolyzed under the hot aqueous conditions. Chlorination at pH levels below 3 released over 50% of the bound fatty acids. Chlorine treatments cleave only thioesters but not oxygen esters or amides under these conditions, indicating that a significant proportion of the bound fatty acid is li
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30

Vejdělek, Zdeněk, and Miroslav Protiva. "1-(4-Cyclopentylphenyl)piperazine and its 4-substituted derivatives; Synthesis and biological screening." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 7 (1987): 1834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871834.

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Heating the hydrochlorides of 4-cyclopentylaniline and diethanolamine to 250 °C gave 1-(4-cyclopentylphenyl)piperazine (I). Acylation of I with ethyl formate and the corresponding acyl chlorides gave the amides II, VI, and VII which were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to the piperazines III, VIII, and IX. Treatment of I with benzyl chloride and with 4-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one under different conditions led to compounds IX and XI. Addition reaction of I to 1,2-epoxybutane resulted in the amino alcohol V. The products showed marginal tranquillizing activity (especially compou
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31

Augimeri, Giuseppina, Pierluigi Plastina, Giulia Gionfriddo, et al. "N-Eicosapentaenoyl Dopamine, A Conjugate of Dopamine and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Exerts Anti-inflammatory Properties in Mouse and Human Macrophages." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (2019): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092247.

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A large body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contribute to a reduced inflammatory tone thereby lowering the risk for several chronic and degenerative diseases. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anti-inflammatory effects, including those involving endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules. In this context, fatty acid amides (FAAs), conjugates of fatty acids with amines or amino acids, are an emerging class of compounds. Dopamine conjugates of DHA (N-d
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32

Rusianto, Toto, Murni Yuniwati, and Hary Wibowo. "Effect Carrageenan to Biodegradable Plastic From Tubers." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.22975.

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Plastic waste can cause serious environmental problems. This can be overcome by various efforts; one of them is by replacing the use of conventional plastic with biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastic can be produced from tubers containing starch. The purpose of this study was to explain the suitability of two tuber species with typical protein quality and different starch structures. Starch was obtained from suweg tuber (Amorphophallus campanulatus) and ganyong (Canna edulis Ker). The material invested was obtained by dissolving 4 grams of each starch, each of which was dissolved with d
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Pandya, Dhananjay, and Yogesh Naliapara. "Microwave-Assisted C-N Coupling for the Synthesis of 2-(2H-1,2,3-Triazol-2-yl)benzoic Acid Scaffold and Novel N-Phenyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzamide Derivatives." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2019): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p211.

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We report a novel methodology for the efficient and rapid synthesis of core intermediate 2-(2H-1,2,3- triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid using trans-N,N’-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine as a catalyst and copper iodide as co-catalyst under microwave irradiations and a series of novel N-phenyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol- 2-yl)benzamide derivatives via acid-amine coupling reaction using DCC as a dehydrating agent and DMAP as a base. In comparison to the conventional heating procedure and performing the reaction using different combinations of catalysts and bases, the time of synthesis and efforts are significant
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Wang, Hui, Nicholas Law, Geraldine Pearson, et al. "Impact of Silver(I) on the Metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 4 (2009): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01277-09.

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ABSTRACT Anaerobic cultures of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reduced toxic Ag(I), forming nanoparticles of elemental Ag(0), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The addition of 1 to 50 μM Ag(I) had a limited impact on growth, while 100 μM Ag(I) reduced both the doubling time and cell yields. At this higher Ag(I) concentration transmission electron microscopy showed the accumulation of elemental silver particles within the cell, while at lower concentrations the metal was exclusively reduced and precipitated outside the cell wall. Whole organism metabolite fingerprinting, using the method o
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35

Shukrullah, Shazia, Warda Bashir, Noor Ul Huda Altaf, Yasin Khan, Abdulrehman Ali Al-Arainy, and Toqeer Ahmad Sheikh. "Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater under the Exposure of Non-Thermal Plasma Jet." Processes 8, no. 6 (2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060667.

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Freshwater is only 2.5% of the total water on the Earth and rest is contaminated or brackish. Various physical and chemical techniques are being used to purify the contaminated water. This study deals with catalytic plasma treatment of contaminated water collected from different sites of Faisalabad-Pakistan. A non-thermal DC plasma jet technique was used to treat the water samples in the presence of TiO2 catalyst. The plasma-assisted catalytic treatment introduced some oxidative species (O3, H2O2, HO2−, OH−) in the water. These species reacted with pollutants and cause the degradation of harmf
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Jílek, Jiří, Miroslav Rajšner, Vladimír Valenta, et al. "Synthesis of piperidine derivatives as potential analgetic agents." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (1990): 1828–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901828.

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Reaction of N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide (I) with phosphorus pentasulfide gave the thioamide VI. Acylation of N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)aniline with 2-(methoxy)acetic and 2-(methylthio)acetic anhydrides afforded the amides II and III. Treatment of 4-anilino-1-benzylpiperidine-4-methanol with thionyl chloride gave the spirocyclic sulfurous acid ester amide XIV. Reduction of the hydrochloride of ethyl 3-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylimino-3-piperidinyl)propionate (XXII) with sodium cyanoborohydride gave the perhydro-1,6-naphthyridine derivative XIX, a model compound in
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Cruz-Rodríguez, Rosa Isela, Abumalé Cruz-Salomón, Nancy Ruiz-Lau, José Iván Pérez-Villatoro, Hector Armando Esquinca-Avilés, and Rocío Meza-Gordillo. "Potential Application of Crotalaria longirostrata Branch Extract to Reduce the Severity of Disease Caused by Fusarium." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040524.

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Fusarium are considered as the major plant pathogen fungi, that cause the majority of soil-borne diseases to more than 100 plant species in the world, including maize. Thus, there are emerging demands of biocontrol reagents, and Crotalaria longirostrata showed fungicidal activity. The C. longirostrata branch extract was phytochemically characterized and evaluated for efficacy for the control of Fusarium wilt in maize. The application of the extract reduced the percentage of disease incidence significantly caused by Fusarium verticillioides from 70.4% to 40.12% as compared to non-treated plants
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38

Akhi, Tuz Mia Nur, Mohiminul Adib, Quazi Sufia Islam, Irin Sultana, Rafiqul Haider, and Muhammad Ibrahim. "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves and Stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 1 (2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40078.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical profiles and pharmmacological activities of different extractives (methanol and chloroform) of the leaves and stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, gums and amides and reducing sugar in leaves and stems. Significant α-amylase inhibitory activities were found by the methanol (66.67%) and chloroform (70.63%) extracts of leaves of G. procumbens as compared to the standard drug acarbose (95.45%)
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Valenta, Vladimír, Marie Vlková, and Miroslav Protiva. "Potential neurotropic and antiinflammatory agents: 2-Chloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl sulfides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 5 (1989): 1403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891403.

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2-Chloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-thiol (VII) was synthesized from 2,10-dichloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin (IV) and was alkylated with a series of aminoalkyl chlorides which led to amino sulfides IX, XII, XIII, and XVI-XX. The primary amine IXa was transformed by treatment with ethyl chloroformate to the carbamate Xa which was reduced to the methylamino compound XIa. The carbamate XX was similarly reduced to compound XXI. Alkylation of VII with 2-bromoethanol gave the alcohol XIVa which was transformed to the crude tosylate XVa. Its reactions with the corresponding piperazine
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Nguyen, Thi Thu Huong, Jiří Protiva, Eva Klinotová, Jiří Urban та Miroslav Protiva. "Synthesis of 24-(Piperidin-1-yl, Morpholin-4-yl and 4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5β-cholan-3α-ols and Four Hydroxylated 23-(4,5-Dihydroimidazol-2-yl)-24-nor-5β-cholanes". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, № 3 (1997): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970471.

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Lithocholic (1a), chenodeoxycholic (1b), deoxycholic (1c) and cholic acid (1d) were used for the synthesis of the title compouds. Reactions of O-acetyllithocholic acid chloride with piperidine, morpholine and 1-methylpiperazine gave the corresponding amides 2a-2c which were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to 24-(piperidin-1-yl)-5β-cholan-3α-ol (3a) and analogues 3b and 3c. Heating of the acids 1a-1d with ethylenediamine monotosylate afforded 23-(4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl)-24-nor-5β-cholan-3α-ol (4a) and analogues 4b-4d. Compound 4a was similarly obtained from 3α-acetoxy-24-nor-5β-cholane
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41

Cheng, CY, HY Lu та FM Lee. "N-Methyl-N-[trans-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic amides — analogs of U50488 with much reduced opiate affinity and loss of κ-selectivity". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 26, № 2 (1991): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(91)90021-e.

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42

Lošák, T., J. Hlušek, R. Filipčík, et al. "Effect of nitrogen fertilization on metabolisms of essential and non-essential amino acids in field-grown grain maize (Zea mays L.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 12 (2010): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/288/2010-pse.

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In two-year field experiments, nitrogen (N) in the form of urea (0, 120 and 240 kg N/ha) was applied to grain maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid KWS 2376. The two-year mean content of total grain N at harvest was 1.54%. The highest N dose reduced most of the 17 amino acids (AA) analysed in the grain compared with the other treatments. Possible reasons for this could be an adverse effect on the tricarboxylic acid cycle or deficiency of carbon skeletons for the assimilation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> into amides and amino acids. The content of the limiting amino acid lysine wa
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43

Guiheneuf, Georges, José-Luis M. Abboud, and Abdeljalil Lachkar. "L'azote, site basique des amides encombrées?" Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 5 (1988): 1032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-171.

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If R = CH3, an increase in the bulk of the R groups of the amides R′CONR2 provokes an increase in the complexation constants with iodine. Conversely, if R is an alkyl group (but not a CH3), the constants decrease up to a critical size for the bulkiness of R and R′. Above these limits, an abrupt increase of the constants is observed. This behaviour is rationalized in terms of a change in the point of fixation of the iodine. While the basic site of the N,N-disubstituted amides is the oxygen of the carbonyl, steric hindrance reduces the conjugation of the CO and NR2 groups and hence the basicity
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44

Dimmito, Stefanucci, Pieretti, et al. "Discovery of Orexant and Anorexant Agents with Indazole Scaffold Endowed with Peripheral Antiedema Activity." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (2019): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090492.

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The endocannabinoid system represents an integrated neuronal network involved in the control of several organisms’ functions, such as feeding behavior. A series of hybrids of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (mimonabant), a well-known inverse agonist of the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), once used as an antiobesity drug, and the N-(2S)-substitutes of 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carboxamide with 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutane (AB-Fubinaca), 1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutane (ADB-Fubinaca), and 3-methylbutanoate (AMB-Fubin
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45

SKILLINGTON, PAULINE, YOLANDE R. SCHOEMAN, VALESKA CLOETE, and PATRICE C. HARTMANN. "A new method for quantifying the blocking of coated paperboard." May 2010 9, no. 5 (2010): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.5.29.

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Blocking is undesired adhesion between two surfaces when subjected to pressure and temperature constraints. Blocking between two coated paperboards in contact with each other may be caused by inter-diffusion, adsorption, or electrostatic forces occurring between the respective coating surfaces. These interactions are influenced by factors such as the temperature, pressure, surface roughness, and surface energy. Blocking potentially can be reduced by adjusting these factors, or by using antiblocking additives such as talc, amorphous silica, fatty acid amides, or polymeric waxes. We developed a
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46

Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena, Mikel, Daniel Plano, Nora Astrain-Redín, et al. "New Amides and Phosphoramidates Containing Selenium: Studies on Their Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities in Breast Cancer." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040590.

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Breast cancer is a multifactor disease, and many drug combination therapies are applied for its treatment. Selenium derivatives represent a promising potential anti-breast cancer treatment. This study reports the cytotoxic activity of forty-one amides and phosphoramidates containing selenium against five cancer cell lines (MCF-7, CCRF-CEM, HT-29, HTB-54 and PC-3) and two nonmalignant cell lines (184B5 and BEAS-2B). MCF-7 cells were the most sensitive and the selenoamides I.1f and I.2f and the selenium phosphoramidate II.2d, with GI50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.93 µM, were chosen for further
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47

Sharma, N., P. Kumari, P. Sharma, N. Bhagat та S. Bhagat. "Ultrasound-Accelerated Amide Coupling Reactions Directed toward the Synthesis of 1-Acetyl-3-carboxamide-β-carboline Derivatives of Biological Importance". SynOpen 01, № 01 (2017): 0008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588167.

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Several biologically important 1-acetyl-3-carboxamide-β-carboline derivatives were rapidly synthesized by ultrasound-promoted amide coupling of 1-acetyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid with substituted aromatic amines. The major advantages of the proposed method are that use of ultrasound irradiations afforded the desired products in a drastically reduced reaction time and in excellent yields compared with conventional stirring.
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Šindelář, Karel, Josef Pomykáček, Martin Valchář, Karel Dobrovský, Jiřina Metyšová, and Zdeněk Polívka. "Potential antidepressants and inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline re-uptake in the brain: N,N-Dimethyl-(arylthio)thenylamines and N,N-dimethyl-2-(thienylthio)benzylamines." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 2 (1991): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910449.

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3-(3-Methoxyphenylthio)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (IV) and 2-(3-methoxyphenylthio)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (VII) were transformed via acid chlorides and dimethylamides to the amines V and VIII which were demethylated to the phenolic amines VI and IX. N,N-Dimethyl-4-bromothiophene-3-carboxamide (XI) was reacted with 3-methoxythiophenol and the amide XII was reduced and demethylated to the amine XIV. 2-(2-Thienylthio)benzoic acid (XVa) and 2-(5-bromo-2-thienylthio)benzoic acid (XVb) were transformed via the isolated acid chlorides and N,N-dimethylamides to the amines XVIIIa and XVIIIb. The a
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49

Sugita, Yoshiaki, Koichi Takao, Yoshihiro Uesawa, et al. "Development of Newly Synthesized Chromone Derivatives with High Tumor Specificity against Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Medicines 7, no. 9 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines7090050.

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Since many anticancer drugs show severe adverse effects such as mucositis, peripheral neurotoxicity, and extravasation, it was crucial to explore new compounds with much reduced adverse effects. Comprehensive investigation with human malignant and nonmalignant cells demonstrated that derivatives of chromone, back-bone structure of flavonoid, showed much higher tumor specificity as compared with three major polyphenols in the natural kingdom, such as lignin-carbohydrate complex, tannin, and flavonoid. A total 291 newly synthesized compounds of 17 groups (consisting of 12 chromones, 2 esters, an
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Brunet, Philippe, Bruno Sarrobert, Nicole Paris-Pireyre, and Ange-Marie Risterucci. "Composition chimique de sèves xylémiques du genre Lycopersicon (Solanaceae) en relation avec l'environnement. I. Effet de la température." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 9 (1990): 1942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-255.

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Two species of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. EGE12P1 and Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. ecotype LA 1777, were submitted to two temperature treatments, 20 or 10 °C. After a short study of plant growth, we analysed the chemical composition (cations, anions, and amino acids) of xylem sap by high performance liquid chromatography. A comparison of fresh weight increase at 20 and 10 °C of both plant species showed that L. hirsutum was the least affected by low temperature. The volumes of secreted sap and the quantities of ions transported showed great disturbances in the sensi
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