Relevant bibliographies by topics / Refractory corrosion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Refractory corrosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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Zhao, Ding Guo, Shu Huan Wang, Xiao Jie Cui, and Jian Long Guo. "Research on Refractory Material Corrosion in Steelmaking Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.146.

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Researched on the refractory material corrosion by experiments. Each refractory was measured to take four different parts, and the average corrosion thicknesses of silicon carbide, quartz and corundum were 0.52mm, 1.03mm and 1.40mm. The corrosion of corundum refractory was most serious, and quartz refractory had a certain degree of corrosion, but it was not very serious. The corrosion of silicon carbide refractory was the least. In the experiment in intermediate frequency furnace, only upper and lower parts of slag line were connected to the refractory and the degree of corrosion was little fo
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Chen, Man Ying, Yong Jun Zhang, Jing Tao Han, and De Ming Yao. "The Full Immersion Test Research of Refractory Weathering Steel." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.965.

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The paper mainly studied the corrosion properties of refractory weathering steel under chloride ion erosion environment. The full immersion tests on refractory weathering steel and carbon steel Q235 were conducted; and then a comparative analysis from the perspective of the corrosion weightlessness, the macro and micro morphology of rust layers have been made. Results indicated that refractory weathering steel and carbon steel corrosion weightlessness is relatively close to the early stage of corrosion, but the trend is reversed in the mid to late; refractory weathering steel corrosion weightl
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Cheng, Guishi, Ying Zhao, Fei Long, et al. "Analysis and Prediction of Corrosion of Refractory Materials by Sodium Salts during Waste Liquid Incineration—Thermodynamic Study." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214729.

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Incineration of high-content sodium salt organic waste liquid will corrode the refractory material in the incinerator, causing the refractory material to peel off and be damaged. A thermodynamics method was used to study the thermodynamic properties of three common sodium salts (NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4) on the corrosion of refractory materials (MgO·Cr2O3, MgO·Al2O3, Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3). The results determined that MgO has the best corrosion resistance and is not corroded by the three sodium salts. On this basis, the thermodynamic corrosion experiments of NaCl corrosion of magnesium oxide at
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Zhao, Ding Guo, Shu Huan Wang, Xiao Jie Cui, and Jian Long Guo. "The Mechanism Research on the Refractory Material Corrosion in Material Engineering and its Applications." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.142.

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The mechanism of refractory material corrosion was analyzed. The laboratory amorphous alloy smelting of the mother prefabricated crucible, reaction process is basically to crucible refractory material of blast furnace slag corrosion, melt corrosion is small. Generally smelting amorphous mother alloy was a difficult thing, and it shown that the basicity was better around 1.0. Compared with quartz refractory, it is good to choose the silicon carbide refractory materials, while smelting amorphous alloy.
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Sagadin, Christoph, Stefan Luidold, Christoph Wagner, et al. "Thermodynamic Refractory Corrosion Model for Ferronickel Manufacturing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 2 (2021): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02077-x.

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AbstractA thermodynamic model, based on SimuSage, was developed to simulate refractory corrosion between a magnesia-based refractory material and ferronickel (FeNi) slags. The model considers a theoretical cross-section of a refractory material to simulate a ferronickel smelter application. The current model is structured into 10 zones, which characterize different sectors in the brick (hot to cold side) perpendicular to the refractory surface with an underlying temperature gradient. In each zone, the model calculates the equilibrium between the slag and a specified amount of refractory materi
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Šolc, Marek, Eva Grambalová, and Marian Šofranko. "The Quality Interaction of Molten Salts in the Systems SiO2-Al2O3." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.20.

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The aim of this study was to realize and evaluate laboratory corrosion tests associated with problems such as wear of refractory materials, for example, at processing of aluminium. Corrosion tests were carried out by static crucible corrosion test in laboratory resistive furnace at 850 °C during 2 hours in air atmosphere. Two types of aluminum-silica molded refractories were used as a corroding material. As corrosive media were applied pure chlorides, namely: sodium chloride, potassium chloride. The results of corrosion tests were evaluated by macroscopic, microscopic, chemical and semiquantit
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Grambálová, E., P. Vadász, and J. Petrík. "Interaction of molten salts in the systems SiO2-Al2O3." Cerâmica 59, no. 352 (2013): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132013000400013.

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The aim of this study was to realize and evaluate laboratory corrosion tests for a solution of problems such as wear of refractory materials at processing of aluminum, for example. The static crucible corrosion tests were carried out in laboratory resistive furnace at 850 °C during 2 h air atmosphere. Two standards of alumina-silica shaped refractory bricks were used as a corroding material. Pure sodium chloride and potassium chloride were applied as a corrosive media. The results of tests were evaluated by macroscopic, microscopic, chemical and semiquantitative EDX analysis. Sodium chloride s
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Zhao, Ying, Guishi Cheng, Fei Long, et al. "Analysis and Prediction of Corrosion of Refractory Materials by Potassium during Biomass Combustion-Thermodynamic Study." Materials 11, no. 12 (2018): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122584.

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As a kind of renewable resource, biomass has been used more and more widely, but the potassium contained in biomass can cause corrosion of the refractory. For a better understanding of corrosion thermodynamic mechanisms, the five components of common refractory materials (magnesium chrome spinel MgO·Cr2O3, magnesium aluminum spinel MgO·Al2O3, Al2O3, MgO, and Cr2O3) with potassium salts (K2CO3, K2SO4, and KCl) under high-temperature were studied by using the FactSageTM 7.0 software. Thermodynamic calculation results indicate that MgO is the best corrosion resistance of the five components of re
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Qiu, G. B., and Y. Xu. "Interaction mechanism between refractory and melts in iron bath smelting reduction process." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 46, no. 2 (2010): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb1002131q.

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The corrosion behavior of three sorts of refractories based on alumina-graphite were studied by immersion tests. The melts included smelting reduction molten slag and corresponding carbon saturated molten iron. The influence of test temperature, FeO content in slag and specimen rotative velocity on the corrosion rate of refractories was examined. By means of SEM and EDS, the microstructure change of the refractories after immersion test in kinds of melts was studied. The morphology of the deteriorated layer showed the corrosion extent of refractories. With the addition of zirconia and titania
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Reichert, Wanja, Jonas Nießen, Peter Leto, et al. "Correlation of Thermo-Elastic Material and Corrosion Behavior of Refractory Castables by In-Situ Measurements." Ceramics 3, no. 1 (2020): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics3010011.

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Corrosion is one of the most common wear mechanisms of refractories. Corrosive attacks lead to chemical and microstructural changes. Hot corrosion compromises chemical and/or physical interactions. Thus, the process is complex and not yet fully understood. Currently, corrosion is investigated post mortem by means of X-ray diffraction or scanning electron microscopy. These methods have the drawback that some information is lost on cooling. In-situ measurements, however, take measurements within the process. In resonant frequency and damping analysis (RFDA), a sample is excited to vibrate by a m
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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Bheemineni, Veerabhadrarao. "Gaseous corrosion of magnesium oxide in hydrogen /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259125218742.

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Holford, W. David (William David). "A measurement technique for refractory erosion/corrosion in molten metals /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63327.

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Jantan, Mohd Dahlan. "Chemical preservation of some refractory timber species of Malaysia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310381.

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The treatability of six Malaysian timbers namely Red Balau (Shorea guiso), Kapur (Dryobafanops aromatica), Kasai (Pometia pinnata), Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis), Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and Keruing (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) using the applied pressure processes (oscillating pressure, conventional Bethell and a modified Bethell process) was investigated. Treatments were carried out with a commercial water-borne copper-chromearsenic (CCA) preservative, known as Celcure-AP. The conventional Bethell process was the most effective method of wood treatment followed by the modified Beth
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Bond, Nicole. "Inorganic Phase Characterization, Corrosion Modelling and Refractory Selection for Direct Contact Steam Generation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41951.

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Technological advances are required to reduce the environmental impact of the Canadian oil sands. Oxy-direct contact steam generation (DCSG) is one such way to move toward this goal, by producing steam for oil sands operations with a higher efficiency, lower fresh water consumption, and lower CO₂ emissions than traditional once-through steam generators. For DCSG, untreated process water, which may contain a variety of inorganics, is injected directly into the combustor to produce steam. The inorganic material that may deposit in the combustor as a result of that process water was studied for t
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Rajamure, Ravi Shanker. "Laser Surface Alloying of Refractory Metals on Aluminum for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance: Experimental and Computational Approaches." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700029/.

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Aluminum (Al) and its alloys are widely used in various technological applications, mainly due to the excellent thermal conductivity, non-magnetic, ecofriendly, easy formability and good recyclability. However due to the inferior corrosion resistance its applications are hampered in various engineering sectors. Besides, the corrosion related failures such as leakage of gas from pipeline, catastrophic breakdown of bridges and fire accidents in processing plants further puts the human life in jeopardy. Within the United States over $ 400 billion dollars per year are spent over research to unders
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Jansson, Sune. "A study on molten steel/slag/refractory reactions during ladle steel refining." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312.

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Ma, Charlie. "Aspects of Ash Transformations in Pressurised Entrained-Flow Gasification of Woody Biomass : Pilot-scale studies." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62914.

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Pressurised entrained-flow gasification (PEFG) of woody biomass has the potential to produce high purity syngas for the production of vital chemicals, e.g., biofuels. However, ash-related issues such as reactor blockages and refractory corrosion need to be addressed before this potential can be realised from a technical perspective. These undesirable consequences can be brought about by slag formation involving inorganic ash-forming elements and the chemical transformations that they undergo during fuel conversion. The objective of this study was to elucidate the ash transformations of the maj
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Vršecký, Michal. "Studium mechanizmu koroze žáruvzdorných materiálů v soustavě SiO2-Al2O3 taveninami a struskami s vysokým obsahem alkálií a vanadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216208.

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In this diploma thesis was analysed layer of corroded material created on refractory lining of reactors for mazut gasification. Samples of corroded material were analysed for SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, Fe2O3 a TiO2. Corroded material was further analysed by x-ray and IR spectroscopy to acquire more precise data about chemical composition. This thesis studies the exact effect of microstructure on static corrosion kinetics in system SiO2-Al2O3.
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Gehre, Patrick. "Korrosions- und thermoschockbeständige Feuerfestmaterialien für Flugstromvergasungsanlagen auf Al2O3-Basis - Werkstoffentwicklung und Korrosionsuntersuchungen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-125486.

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Um einen dauerhaften Einsatz Al2O3-basierter Feuerfestwerkstoffe in Hochtemperaturanlagen zur Synthesegaserzeugung zu ermöglichen, erfolgte die Entwicklung neuer Materialien mit verbesserter Thermoschock- und Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber flüssiger Kohleschlacke. In einem industrienahen Spinell-Alumina-Verbundwerkstoff lässt sich die Mikro- und Porenstruktur durch Zugabe von 6 Gew.-% eines Spinell-reichen Zements optimieren, wodurch die Infiltration und zugleich die Korrosion durch saure Braunkohleasche erheblich reduziert werden konnte. Die Zugabe von 2,5 Gew.-% TiO2 zu einer Al2O3-Gießma
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Dombrowski, Mathieu. "Cinétique de corrosion d’un réfractaire d’alumine par les oxydes liquides Al₂O₃-CaO et Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2037/document.

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Ce travail présente une étude cinétique de la corrosion d’un réfractaire d’alumine par un laitier liquide Al₂O₃-CaO puis Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂. Les objectifs sont : d’adapter une méthodologie originale de caractérisation en diffraction des rayons X associée à une quantification des phases par affinement de profil Rietveld en température ; de déterminer les cinétiques réactionnelles ; d’établir un mécanisme et de modéliser les réactions via des simulations numériques. Deux types d’essais ont été menés : ex situ pour des temps de quelques heures (jusqu’à 24 h) ; in situ pour acquérir les informations d
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Books on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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Nadachowski, Franciszek. Refractory corrosion by slags : a semi-empirical classification. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica, 1991.

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Adesanya, Oluwole Ade. The effect of laser surface treatment on the molten salt corrosion of refractory materials. UMIST, 1998.

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S, Jacobson Nathan, Miller Robert A, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Refractory oxide coatings on SiC ceramics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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(Editor), George A. Pecoraro, James C. Marra (Editor), and John T. Wenzel (Editor), eds. Corrosion of Materials by Molten Glass (Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 78) (Ceramic Transactions). American Ceramic Society, 1996.

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M, Hampikian Janet, Dahotre Narendra B, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Surface Modification and Coatings Technologies Committee., Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Corrosion & Environmental Effects Committee., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, eds. Elevated temperature coatings: science and technology III: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Surface Modification and Coatings Technology Committee of the Materials Processing and Manufacturing Division (MPMD) of TMS, and by the Joint TMS/ASM Corrosion and Environmental Effects Committee of the Structural Materials Division (SMD) of TMS, held during the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting in San Diego, California, February 28-March 4, 1999. Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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Faberand, A. J., and O. S. Verheijen. "Refractory Corrosion Under Oxy-Fuel Firing Conditions." In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 57th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 18, Issue 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294406.ch10.

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Schmidl, J., A. Spanring, D. Gregurek, and K. Reinharter. "A Scientific Roadmap for Refractory Corrosion Testwork." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_14.

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Sunayama, Hiroyuki, and Masayasu Kawahara. "Oxidation Rate of Magnesia-Carbon Refractory with Aluminum Additive." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.603.

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Ibarra, L. Tadeo, A. M. Guzmán, D. I. Martínez, and G. Alan Castillo. "Corrosion Mechanisms in Refractory Castables by Liquid Oxides." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch112.

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Ibarra, L. Tadeo, A. M. Guzmán, D. I. Martínez, and G. Alan Castillo. "Corrosion Mechanisms in Refractory Castables by Liquid Oxides." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_112.

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Godard, H. T., L. H. Kotacska, J. F. Wosinski, et al. "Refractory Corrosion Behavior Under Air-Fuel and Oxy-Fuel Environments." In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 57th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 18, Issue 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294406.ch15.

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Gregurek, D., A. Ressler, A. Spanring, and C. Pichler. "Example of the Refractory Corrosion Test Work with Nickel Matte." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch7.

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Gregurek, D., A. Ressler, A. Spanring, and C. Pichler. "Example of the Refractory Corrosion Test Work with Nickel Matte." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_7.

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Gregurek, Dean, Angelika Ressler, Anna Franzkowiak, and Alfred Spanring. "Modelling Simulation and Comparison of Refractory Corrosion at RHI's Technology Center." In Celebrating the Megascale. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889657.ch24.

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Gregurek, Dean, Angelika Ressler, Anna Franzkowiak, and Alfred Spanring. "Modelling Simulation and Comparison of Refractory Corrosion at RHI’s Technology Center." In Celebrating the Megascale. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48234-7_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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Mulch, Stephan. "Boiler Wall Protection With Rear Ventilated Refractory Tiles." In 2013 21st Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec21-2703.

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The prevention of corrosion on boiler tube-walls has been a most difficult and cost intensive problem in WTE plants. This is specifically the case where the incineration boilers are operating with increased saturated steam temperatures and their corresponding pressures. In addition, variations in the garbage mixtures, with differing values of chemical content and varying waste composition give importance to the prevention of boiler tube corrosion. Several refractory lining systems and types have been installed over the previous 80 years and can be compared. In the early stages it began with si
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Swartz, Stephen R. "Cyclone Maintenance Improvement via Special Refractory Anchor Pin Studs." In ASME 2004 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2004-52183.

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Since the inception of the cyclone style boiler, industry has become accustomed to performing routine maintenance during every scheduled shutdown occurring 12 months to 18 months between cycles. These maintenance cycles are influenced by service factor, loading and the type design. The same problems exist in both the standard and super critical cyclones; severe deterioration of refractory and the anchoring pin studs. This paper focuses on one type of refractory failure mechanism caused by the anchoring pin studs. Most operators have found that the most effective means of applying refractory in
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Epelbaum, Greg. "Simulation and Validation of a Mass Burn WTE Boiler Using CFD Modeling." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2205.

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American Ref-Fuel Company (ARC) spends millions of dollars each year on corrosion related costs in the boilers. The corrosion is caused by chloride salts in the slag that deposit on the boiler tubes, coupled with the high temperatures of flue gas going through the boiler. Corrosion rates are known to be very sensitive to the flue gas temperature and velocity, surface temperature and heat flux through the slag, oxygen in flue gas distribution, etc. These parameters are primarily determined by the firing rate of the boiler, and they are also affected by combustion control and air distribution in
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Tantichattanont, Pattaramon, Seshu Adluri, and Rangaswamy Seshadri. "Integrity Assessment of Spherical Pressure Components With Local Corrosion and Hot Spots." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93513.

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Corrosion damage and hot spots are typical of damages that can occur in ageing pressure vessels and pipelines used in industrial processes. Internal and external corrosion could be the result of corrosive products stored inside or harsh environmental conditions on the outside. Hot spots are caused by damage due to loss of refractory lining on the inside wall of pressure components or due to maldistribution of flow containing catalyst and reactive fluids. The structural integrity of such ageing components needs to be evaluated periodically to establish the continued suitability of the vessels u
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Olayinka, Abegunde, Akinlabi Esther, and Oladijo Philip. "Tribology and Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of TiC Thin Film Coatings Grown by RF Magnetron Sputtering." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24286.

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Abstract Titanium alloys have found application in many sectors and are regarded as one of the most valuable materials of the 21st century. Although titanium alloys have many promising properties, the tribo-corrosion properties still happen to be a limiting factor. In this research study, radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was used to deposit refractory ceramic (TiC) thin films coatings on the surface of titanium alloys in order to enhance and improve the wear and corrosion resistance properties. Different combinations of the sputtering process parameters were used for the deposition pr
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Mulch, Stephan, and Markus Horn. "Rear-Ventilated Boiler Wall Protection or How to Reduce Maintenance Costs." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3522.

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The seemingly endless possibilities, which are offered for the refractory lining in WTE plants, have effected that new lining concepts have been developed and introduced again and again during the last decades. The objective of all lining systems from the start has been to reduce corrosion on the boiler walls to a minimum and to regulate heat loss in the first flue in such a way that all requirements according the 17th Federal Emission Laws are fulfilled.
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Odenthal, Greg. "Efficiency Gains and Reductions in Furnace Maintenance Through the Use of High Temperature Ceramic Coating Technology." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0022.

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Abstract Unique high temperature, energy efficient ceramic coatings are being used in heat treating and forging furnaces around the globe to reduce the high cost of refractory maintenance, reduce fuel consumption and improve furnace efficiencies as well as product quality. In addition, these coatings also protect metal from oxidation when used at elevated temperatures as well as corrosion in caustic environments. We will show how these specialized ceramic coatings can provide energy savings depending on the fuel being used, the furnace operation, furnace configuration, and production schedule
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Enestam, Sonja H., Marko K. Fabritius, Seppo K. Hulkkonen, and Jukka T. Ro¨ppa¨nen. "Control of Ash-Related Operational Problems in BFB Combustion of Biofuels and Waste." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-134.

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When moving towards CO2 neutral bio fuels and waste derived fuels, new challenges are set for combustion facilities and technical boiler solutions. A common feature for both bio- and waste fuels is a big variety in composition, often high levels of alkali metals, chlorine and moisture which make these fuels difficult to burn in facilities designed for conventional fuels such as coal, peat and wood. The problems that might occur due to high alkali and chlorine levels in the fuels, are slagging, fouling, corrosion and bed sintering. The Fortum BioMAC BFB boilers are designed especially for diffi
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Sohnemann, Jens, Walter Schäfers, and Armin Main. "Waste Combustion Technology Developments for Large Scale Plants." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7035.

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For the waste disposal of urban areas and major cities at the North American market place rather large scale energy from waste (EfW) plants are needed. This implies a mechanical input of approx. 40 Mg/h [39.36 tn l./h] and thermal input by waste per unit of 110 MW [375.3 MBTU/h] and more. There are basic design criteria that feature large scale EfW plants: - Layout of boiler with horizontal or vertical orientation of convective part. - Top or bottom suspension of boiler. - Flexible design of stoker regarding large throughput figures and heating values of waste with water or air cooled grate ba
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Lu, Xijia, and Ting Wang. "Effect of Radiation Models on Coal Gasification Simulation." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86997.

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Adequate modeling of radiation heat transfer is important in CFD simulation of coal gasification process. In an entrained-flow gasifer, the non-participating effect of coal particles, soot, ashes, and reactive gases could significantly affect the temperature distribution in the gasifier and hence affects the local reaction rate and life expectancy of wall materials. For slagging type gasifiers, radiation further affects the forming process of corrosive slag on the wall which can expedite degradation of the refractory lining in the gasifier. For these reasons, this paper focuses on investigatin
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Reports on the topic "Refractory corrosion"

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John P. Hurley and Patty L. Kleven. IMPROVED CORROSION RESISTANCE FOR ALUMINA REFRACTORY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778409.

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Muller, Isabelle S., Konstantin Gilbo, Malabika Chaudhuri, Ian L. Pegg, and Innocent Joseph. K-3 Refractory Corrosion and Sulfate Solubility Model Enhancement (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513833.

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Williams, M., C. Jantzen, and P. Burket. Corrosion Testing of Monofrax K-3 Refractory in Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Alternate Reductant Feeds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1250758.

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