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1
Brzozowski, Artur. "Psychological and physiologiacal correlates of emotion regulation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8293/.
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The principal aim of this thesis is to examine how emotion regulation and mindfulness are related to cardiovascular activity and the implications of these relationships for the understanding of aggression. Studies one and two aimed to detail the relationship of mindfulness to psychopathic traits and emotion regulation. Results of these studies collectively imply that mindfulness shares certain features with primary psychopathic traits, including reduced physiological responding to aversive stimuli. Study three aimed to investigate whether slow-paced breathing, associated with an increase in vagal output and thus decrease in heart rate, may exert effects on emotion regulation. Participation in a paced breathing course improved emotion regulation and increased trait mindfulness in a sample of male offenders. Study four aimed to explore how cardiovascular activity and psychopathic traits relate to female perpetrated intimate partner violence. Increased vagal activity, was found to be positively linked to proactive aggression and partner violence. Study five aimed to extend the results of Study four to a sample of male offenders. The results showed that high vagal activity is related to low empathy and good performance on the Stroop task. Collectively, these findings have implications for the use of mindfulness based treatments and the understanding of aggression.
2
Matyja, Anna. "The impact of childhood physical and psychological abuse on emotion regulation and psychological distress /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456295221&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Gillespie, Christopher R. "Psychological variables in the self-regulation of diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310882.
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Cregg, David Robert. "Positive Emotion Regulation: Patterns and Associations with Psychological Health." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1510769755167982.
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Jimenez, Fanny V. "The regulation of psychological distance in long-distance relationships." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16371.
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Diese Dissertation untersuchte individuelle Anpassungsprozesse, die psychologische Distanz in Fernbeziehungen (FB) reflektieren und regulieren. Es wurde postuliert, dass Beziehungsqualität und -stabilität ohne Präsenz des Partners gesichert wird, indem viele kompensatorischen Prozesse auf die wahrgenommene Verfügbarkeit des Partners (Bowlby, 1969/1980), abzielen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen dass die im Vergleich zu zusammenlebenden Paaren erhöhte Bindungsängstlichkeit bei FBs die inkonsistente Verfügbarkeit des Partners reflektiert, und insgesamt für die Beziehungsentwicklung weniger schädlich ist als Vermeidung. Bindung reguliert ferner die psychologische Distanz durch den Einfluss auf adaptive Kommunikationsprozesse. Wenn Aspekte wie sexuelle Zufriedenheit nicht kompensiert werden können, scheinen FBs ihre Einschätzung der Beziehung stark auf Momente des Sehens und die Beziehungsqualität zurückzuführen.<br>This dissertation proposed how relationship quality and stability in long-distance relationships (LDRs) is maintained without physical presence of the partner by basing compensatory processes on perceived partner availability, a core component of attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1980). The findings indicate that heightened anxiety reflects the inconsistent partner availability in LDRs, and is less detrimental to relationship development than avoidance. Attachment orientations further regulated the psychological distance between partners by influencing adaptive and protective communicative processes. There was indication that when relational aspects, such as sexual satisfaction, cannot be compensated for, LDRs base their evaluation on face-to-face experiences and general relationship quality indicators. 1
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Banting, Esme. "Investigating the psychological factors associated with obesity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac7e230e-a4ec-40c6-a34f-045ee6693b89.
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Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, associated with a range of adverse physical, psychological, social and economic consequences. The aetiology of obesity is complex; however, the psychological factors associated with overweight and obesity remain poorly understood. The first paper critically appraises evidence for three of the most developed psychological theories of obesity. Based on these findings, literature from the fields of emotion regulation and attachment are reviewed, and a novel developmental theory of obesity based on an integration of these theoretical constructs is proposed. Recommendations for future research based on a theoretical framework of emotion regulation are made, and implications for clinical practice including a focus on enhancing caregiver sensitivity are highlighted. The second paper explores the applicability of an established cognitive model of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and binge eating to an overweight and obese sample. Findings support the relevance of cognitive aspects of the model in an overweight and obese sample, and highlight the potential role of early attachment relationships in the formation of cognitions that make an individual vulnerable to overweight and obesity in later life. Theoretical and clinical implications based on the established cognitive model are considered. Limitations include reliance on self-report and the correlational nature of analyses used. Recommendations for future research with larger, more representative samples to address these limitations are made. Overall, this dissertation makes a unique contribution to the psychological understanding of overweight and obesity, which has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes and suggests useful avenues for further research.
7
Frost, Rebecca. "Depression in psychosis : associations with psychological flexibility and emotion regulation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3719/.
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Background: Depressive symptoms have been found to accompany and develop following psychosis. Depression following psychosis has been associated with negative self-cognitions. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) posits that avoidance of distressing internal experiences can lead to psychological inflexibility and the maintenance of distress. Aims: The study conducted a preliminary investigation into the effectiveness and acceptability of a brief ACT-based defusion intervention aimed at increasing psychological flexibility and reducing distress associated with negative self cognitions. This research also explored the extent to which levels of depression experienced by individuals with psychosis are associated with internal shame, psychological flexibility and emotion regulation difficulties. Method: A randomised controlled trial design was used in phase 1 of the study. Individuals were randomised to either a brief defusion intervention (N=8) or a control condition (N=8).An exploratory correlational design was used in phase 2 of the research. Sixteen participants completed questionnaires. Results: Levels of depression in individuals with psychosis were associated with internal shame, psychological inflexibility and difficulties with emotion regulation. A trend approaching significance suggested that the change in levels of distress related to a negative self cognition in the defusion group was greater than the corresponding change for the control group. Conclusions: Individuals randomised to a defusion exercise found the intervention acceptable and it appears to offer promise for reducing distress associated with negative self cognitions.
8
Sorella, Sara. "The psychological and neural mechanisms of anger and its regulation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/328507.
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The ability to experience, use, and eventually control anger is crucial for maintaining well-being, achieving our goals, and building healthy relationships. Despite its relevance, the neural and psychological mechanisms behind this emotion are still in their early stages. Therefore, the present work represents an effort towards the investigation of these features of anger, where the ambition is to take a step forward to bridge the gaps between the research and clinical fields. Chapter 1 will expose an introduction on anger, while Chapter 2 will expose the evidence in literature on the neural bases of anger relying on a meta-analytic approach, where the neural bases of anger perception and anger experience will be investigated. Chapter 3 relies on a multivariate data-driven approach in order to study the neural networks of anger-related individual differences, identifying a structural network associated with trait anger and a functional network associated with anger control. Chapter 4 focuses on the neural bases of other anger-related individual differences, relying on functional connectivity analysis to investigate the frontal asymmetry hypothesis, finding an association of a left pattern of connectivity with anger externalization and a right pattern of connectivity with anger internalization. Finally, the following two chapters focused on the regulation of anger, in particular considering two different strategies, reappraisal versus suppression, and the related effect of a mindfulness course on the regulation of anger. The final chapter will summarize the evidence provided in this thesis in order to integrate the different results.
9
Gillie, Brandon L. "Measures of Self-Regulation Prospectively Predict Psychological Adjustment in College Freshmen." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342721594.
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Kingma, Graham. "Minding your own game : self-regulation and psychological momentum among golfers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017883.
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Psychological momentum (PM) is often regarded as an important phenomenon that influences athlete performance. Nevertheless, conceptualisations of PM are criticised for being speculative, vague and impractical for scientific inquiry. In contrast, self-regulation is a long-standing, well researched concept used to explain performance outcomes, yet not clearly integrated in current PM conceptualisations. Hence, this thesis explores self-regulation relative to PM. Golf was considered to be an appropriate context for the empirical inquiries on the basis that it serves as a metaphor for managing life’s challenges. Three studies were conducted. The first study entailed a systematic conceptual analysis of PM based on previous conceptualisations and studies in relevant scientific literature. Self-regulatory processes were identified among the key psychological mechanisms and moderators related to PM. The second study aimed to identify key self-regulation strategies in PM experiences among 16 golfers. A mixed method approach including novel “walk-along” and “think aloud” data collection techniques was used. An inductive thematic analysis yielded a comprehensive typology golfing strategies. Nevertheless, the study did not find consistent strategy patterns in positive or negative PM phases. The third study explored the self-regulation of identity (ego-regulation) in relation to PM phases. A staggered multiple-baseline single-case research methodology was used with five golfers (three professionals and two amateurs). Ego-regulation was manipulated through a mindfulness-based schema mode program tailored to golf (Mindfulness for Golf; MFG). Pre-, mid- and post-intervention data showed positive changes among the participants on two dimensions of PM as well as performance outcomes. Overall the results suggest that golfers use idiosyncratic self-regulation processes to facilitate performance, but these are not directly linked to PM phases. Nonetheless, there are promising indications that enhancing ego-regulation through the MFG program facilitates positive momentum among golfers. Based on the results of the studies in this thesis, and for the sake of scientific parsimony and pragmatism, it is recommended that self-regulation models incorporating motivation are used to explain momentum in athletic activity. In this view, PM has the function of describing, not influencing, goal-driven performance
11
Zara, Ayten. "An investigation of the relationship between mood, coping and psychological health." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340847.
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Tong, Sung-ki Bianca, and 湯崇琪. "Emotion regulation among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657376.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with brain abnormalities in
the areas that regulate emotions, and it is postulated that people with OCD have
difficulty downregulating ( = reducing) their negative emotions. This study
recruited 20 participants with OCD and 20 controls to rate 294 emotional photos
(emotional stimuli not related to OCD) for emotional valence. Participants were
then asked to downregulate while they saw the 20 photos with the highest negative
ratings and 20 photos with the highest positive ratings. Participants with OCD had
more difficulty downregulating their negative emotions than controls. Evidence for
that is that (1) participants with OCD gave significantly higher ratings to the
affectively negative photos in the postregulation phase, after adjusting for their
preregulation ratings and (2) participants with OCD took significantly more time to
regulate both their negative and positive emotions. The findings suggest that
individuals with OCD not only present with the symptoms that are specified in the
OCD diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000),
but also with difficulty downregulating their negative emotions to non
obsessive-compulsive (nonOC) affectively negative stimuli. Clinicians may
consider adding emotion regulation skills to psychological treatments of OCD.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Clinical Psychology<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Psychology
13
Perez, Christopher R. Soto Jose A. "Strength in numbers emotion regulation, psychological functioning, and the context of oppression /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4771/index.html.
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Perry-Parrish, Carisa. "Gender-Atypical Emotion Regulation in Children: Relations to Social and Psychological Functioning." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Perry-ParrishC2007.pdf.
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Walker, Sarah Ann. "Emotion regulation and personality : the exploration of biological, neural and psychological correlates." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534845.
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Shahar, Ben. "EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE AND THE MAINTENANCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: A PROSPECTIVE DAILY-DIARY ANALYSIS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194707.
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Experiential avoidance (EA) is an emotion-regulation strategy used to control or avoid unpleasant internal experiences. Experimental studies, however, have shown that EA is associated with an ironic increase in unpleasant experiences. While single manipulation laboratory experiments can demonstrate the immediate ironic detrimental effects of EA, a different methodology is needed to establish how such ironic processes unfold over time in the natural environment. The current study uses a longitudinal design and daily-diary methodology to examine daily associations between EA and negative affect (NA) over a three-week period among college-students who initially reported high levels of psychological distress. A daily measure of state EA based on several avoidant behaviors (thought suppression, emotion suppression, distraction, reflective pondering, and lack of experiential acceptance) was developed for this study. Before and after making daily web-based reports of EA and NA for 21 consecutive days, participants completed a standardized checklist of psychological symptoms, with pre-post change scores on this measure serving as an index of symptomatic improvement. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that, as predicted, symptomatic improvement was associated with decreasing trajectories of EA and NA during the 21-day study period. More symptomatic improvement was associated with weakening (decoupling) of same-day EA-NA links over time. Contrary to predictions, same-day and one-day lagged associations between NA and EA were not associated with symptomatic change. Additional multilevel analyses showed that symptomatic worsening was associated with more daily EA, over and above what was accounted for by daily NA. Likewise, traditional between-person regression analyses showed that overall mean levels of daily EA (aggregated across days) predicted symptomatic worsening, even after statistically accounting for mean levels of daily NA. The results of this study provide partial support for the hypothesis that EA and NA are related to each other in an ironic positive feedback loop that unfolds over time and that symptomatic improvement may involve a process by which EA and NA both decrease and decouple from each other over time. These findings emphasize the importance of using methodologies that track the relationship between EA and its consequences over time using within-person analyses, rather than solely relying on between-person designs.
17
Booth, Melanie. "The self regulation model and psychological outcomes of people with primary brain tumours." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.552819.
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Research examining psychological outcomes of people diagnosed with primary brain tumours indicates that distress is common. However, research demonstrates mixed findings with regards to those factors associated with psychological distress. This thesis explores factors that relate to psychological outcomes in this group, using the self regulation model as a specific framework for understanding the individuals' experience. In section one, a narrative review examines research pertaining to the experience of living with a primary brain tumour and explores the relevance of the self regulation model to this population. The review suggests a number of illness perception dimensions are linked to psychological distress, specifically, illness coherence, consequences and causal attributions. However, the review highlights that the field of psychosocial brain tumour research has yet to fully exploit the potential of the self regulation model. Section two reports findings from a quantitative study carried out using a sample of 74 adult participants from the UK who have been diagnosed with a low grade primary brain tumour. The relationship between the domains of the self regulation model and psychological outcomes is investigated. Other, more established variables, which have been shown to predict psychological distress, are also investigated. Findings indicate a biopsychosocial causal attribution predicts both anxiety and depression in this group. In addition, the illness perceptions variables of illness coherence and illness identity contributed to the prediction of anxiety and depression, respectively. Furthermore, cognitive difficulties were found to predict scores on all three psychological outcomes. Personal and methodological reflections are discussed in section three along with considerations of areas for future research.
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Steinberg, Elizabeth Anne. "ADHD and Co-occurring Psychological Symptoms: Emotion Regulation and Parenting as Potential Moderators." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/346682.
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Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>A multitude of research demonstrates that ADHD is associated with negative psychological correlates and outcomes among children, such as academic difficulties and peer relationship problems. Youth with ADHD also experience high rates of comorbidity or co-occurring conditions, including mood, anxiety, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorders. However, few studies have investigated the development of co-occurring psychological symptoms among youth with ADHD over time and across different developmental periods. Shared risk factors likely contribute to the development of ODD, CD, anxiety, and depression among youth with ADHD. Emotion regulation and parenting style may confer risk or resilience for the development of co-occurring symptoms, but research is wanting. The current study examined an existing sample of youth who were recruited at age 10-12 and were followed at age 12-14 and 16. Analyses aimed to (a) identify subgroups of youth varying in type and levels of ADHD and co-occurring symptoms at three different time points using latent class analyses, (b) examine stability of membership and transitions to classes that differ in levels of ADHD and co-occurring symptoms using latent transition analyses, and (c) investigate emotion regulation and parenting style as predictors of stability and transitions among classes. Results revealed different patterns of ADHD and co-occurring symptoms, including a Low Symptoms class at each time point. Classes of youth with ADHD+Externalizing problems and ADHD+Internalizing problems emerged at ages 10-12 and 12-14. At age 16, two classes with qualitatively and quantitatively different externalizing and internalizing symptoms were identified. Latent transition analyses revealed transitions into the Low Symptoms class from each time point, but also stability and transitions to other symptomatic classes. Predictor analyses indicated that emotion regulation and parenting style were associated with transitions among and stability within classes, but findings were dependent on whether classes were defined primarily by co-occurring externalizing or internalizing symptoms. Results of the present study indicate that children with ADHD are likely to exhibit a range of psychological symptoms, but the frequency and quality of co-occurring symptoms may change over time. Emotion regulation and parenting may be potential targets for enhanced interventions among youth with ADHD with and without co-occurring symptoms.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Johnson, Virginia Wilson. "Architectural correlates of privacy : the dynamics of privacy regulation /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07132007-143142/.
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Parschau, Linda [Verfasser]. "Psychological Resources and Self-Regulation : Advancing Research on Correlates of Physical Activity / Linda Parschau." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037110048/34.
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Saritas, Dilek. "Psychological Well-being Of Adolescents: Maternal Rearing Behaviors, Basic Personality Traits And Emotion Regulation Processes." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615147/index.pdf.
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Parents remain to be effective in adolescents&rsquo<br>emotional development. However, emotion socialization research is fundamentally based on studies conducted in infancy through middle childhood, but late childhood and adolescence have been largely ignored. Therefore, the current study aimed to make contribution to the current literature investigating factors associated with adolescents&rsquo<br>emotion regulation difficulties. As the first part of the study psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were examined among Turkish adolescent sample. A total of 312 high school students (161 females and 141 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study and findings indicated strong evidence for the utility of the DERS as a measure of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents.
The main study consists of three different purposes. First, discrepancies between mothers&rsquo<br>and adolescents&rsquo<br>reports on adolescents&rsquo<br>emotion regulation difficulties were examined. Second, factors associated with adolescents&rsquo<br>emotion regulation difficulties such as mothers&rsquo<br>emotion regulation, psychopathology, and personality traits, maternal rearing behaviors, and adolescents&rsquo<br>personality traits were explored. Lastly, mediating roles of emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between adolescents&rsquo<br>perception of their mothers&rsquo<br>maternal rearing behaviors and their psychological problems were examined. Participants of this research were 595 first-grade high school students aged between 14 and 16 years, and 365 mothers from eight different high schools in Ankara. Data was collected from both adolescents and their mothers through questionnaire packets. Adolescents&rsquo<br>questionnaire set consisted of scales measuring emotion regulation difficulties (DERS), positive and negative affect scale (PANAS), maternal rearing behaviors (EMBU), basic personality traits (Big Five), and adolescents&rsquo<br>externalizing (SDQ) and internalizing symptoms (CDI). Similarly, mothers&rsquo<br>questionnaire set consisted of scales measuring emotion regulation difficulties (DERS), children&rsquo<br>s emotion regulation (DERS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), maternal rearing behaviors (EMBU), and basic personality traits (Big-Five). The results indicated that adolescents, both boys and girls, reported higher levels of difficulties in emotion regulation for themselves as compared to reports of mothers for their children. As expected, adolescents&rsquo<br>basic personality traits were significantly associated with their emotion regulation difficulties even after controlling the effects of socio-demographic variables, mothers&rsquo<br>emotion regulation, psychological symptoms and their maternal rearing behaviors. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that the link between perceived maternal rearing behaviors and adolescents&rsquo<br>psychological problems occurs through emotion regulation difficulties of adolescents. Findings were discussed within the relevant literature.
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Simon, Christopher Richard. "The Well-Being and Self-Regulation Capacity of Physicians." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32037.
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Physician well-being has become an important area of interest given that reduced well-being can have a negative effect on patient outcomes. However, research has predominantly focused on impairment thus studies addressing physicians' positive functioning are limited. The purpose of this two-phase, mixed methods study was to investigate the well-being and self-regulation capacity of physicians using a positive psychology lens. In Phase 1, 132 physicians (n = 40 physicians; n = 92 resident physicians) completed online questionnaires to assess their levels of psychological and affective well-being and self-regulation capacity. Selected based on Phase 1 data, 12 physicians then took part in an in-depth individual interview in Phase 2 to discuss their experiences of psychological well-being and self-regulation. Results of Phase 1 showed that physicians and resident physicians had moderate and high levels of self-regulation capacity, respectively. While both groups reported high levels of psychological well-being, they had average levels of positive and negative affect. MANOVAs confirmed the hypothesis that high self-regulating physicians and resident physicians would have higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect compared to those with lower levels. However, those with higher self-regulation capacity did not have lower negative affect, nor did physicians have significantly higher levels of psychological and affective well-being than resident physicians. Regression analyses confirmed the hypothesis that a significant amount of variance in levels of psychological well-being would be explained by self-regulation capacity. There was a particularly strong relationship between self-regulation capacity and the dimensions of purpose in life and environmental mastery, which suggests that physicians who effectively self-manage may be better able to preserve a sense of purpose and an adequate work-life balance in their daily life. A qualitative content analysis of the Phase 2 qualitative data revealed that physicians had both high and low functioning experiences of psychological well-being across the dimensions of self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, and autonomy. They, however, reported high functioning for the dimensions of personal growth and purpose in life. Their experiences also varied based on their professional and personal life contexts, with work-life balance emerging as a prevalent theme. Physicians' self-regulation experiences involved individualized preparation, performance, and evaluation processes that were perceived to influence their well-being. Results of a composite analysis suggest that the development of effective self-regulation skills could be one way to help physicians achieve satisfactory levels of well-being.
23
Captari, Laura. "Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and the Self: Examining the Roles of Attachment, Affect, and Dissociation in Psychological Functioning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707247/.
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Childhood maltreatment by a caregiver can occur in many forms, ranging from overt abuse to more subtle neglect. Amidst a primary focus on the outcome of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), less research attention has been given to understanding the impact of maltreatment on one's developing sense of self, internal working model (IWM) of relationships, and emotion regulation capacities. Difficulties experiencing, regulating, and enjoying a full range of affect are common transdiagnostic features among adult survivors of child maltreatment, who frequently display emotional reactivity (e.g., mood swings, anger) and/or disengagement (e.g., numbing, dissociation). What makes the difference between individuals who lash out in emotional outbursts, those who tend to withdraw or dissociate, and those who frequently alternate between these two affective poles? In a mixed college and community sample of 417 adults, we explored two covert forms of childhood emotional maltreatment (e.g., chronic emotional disengagement and frightened/helpless parenting) as potentially linked to adult psychological and relational functioning. Controlling for the effects of childhood physical and sexual abuse, path analysis indicated that these types of maltreatment were significantly associated with insecure attachment patterns, emotional reactivity, and dissociation in adulthood. These findings inform therapeutic work with survivors of childhood trauma, signifying the importance of thorough assessment to uncover potential psychological legacies of emotional abuse and/or neglect, which can at times be overlooked or assumed to be less pathogenic than other more obvious forms of maltreatment.
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Ruganci, Neslihan Ruhsar. "The Relationship Among Attachment Style, Affect Regulation, Psychological Distress And Mental Construction Of The Relational World." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609315/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG
ATTACHMENT STYLE, AFFECT REGULATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
AND
MENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE RELATIONAL WORLD
Ruganci, Ruhsar Neslihan
PhD., Department of Psychology
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tulin Genç<br>ö<br>z
February 2008, 271 pages
In this study interpersonal world of the individual was tried to be conceived with its cognitive and affective domain. Two Studies were carried out. In the first study, adaptation of the Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) developed by Gratz &<br>Roemer (2004), into Turkish was carried out. Additionally, the relation of secure (Ss), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (Ps), fearful (Fs) and mixed insecure attachment styles with emotion regulation, and the mediator role of the emotion regulation in the association between each attachment style and psychological distress were analyzed, the results of which were also expected to serve for the strength of the validity of Turkish version . As a result of Study I, Turkish version of DERS was established with considerable reliability regarding alpha coefficient, test-retest and split-half reliabilities. Aapproximately similar factor structure with the original version indicating Construct Validity , as an indication of Concurrent Validity DERS and its subscales displayed significant relation with psychological symptoms, and DERS differentiated high and low distress level regarding Criterion Validity. Additionally, Ss were displayed significantly better emotion regulation in general compared to three insecure categories (i.e., except Ds but including Ps, Fs, Mixed insecures), and Ss significantly differed from total insecures in terms of every strategy of emotion regulation as well . Furthermore, psychological distress and Ss, Ps, Fs, (but not Ds) relationship were mediated by emotion regulation. These results were providing additional support for the validity of the Turkish version of DERS. In the second study, possible Clinical and Control Group differences were investigated through comparing the secure, insecure attachment styles of the participants in relation to emotion regulation, psychological distress and their personal construct system regarding the internal representation of self and significant others. Again, mediation of emotion regulation in the association between attachment style and psychological distress were examined both in Clinical and Control Group. Results revealed that Clinical Group had more difficulty to regulate their emotions, except awareness skill and had more psychological distress compared to Control Group. The strength of Ss was displayed with better emotion regulation and less psychological distress even in Clinical Group compared to insecure attachment styles. Effective emotion regulation, as a mediator was associated to low level of psychological distress for Ss, while problem in emotion regulation as a mediator was associated to high level of psychological distress for insecure attachment style both in Clinical and Control Group. Additionally, Ss seemed to integrate the &<br>#8216<br>positives&<br>#8217<br>and &<br>#8216<br>negatives&<br>#8217<br>into &<br>#8216<br>self&<br>#8217<br>and &<br>#8216<br>others&<br>#8217<br>rather than splitting and have better cognitive complexity or multi-dimensional view besides more integrated system compared to insecure attachment styles. Results were discussed considering the promising efficiency of instruments that can be used in Clinical Psychology research and considering the implications regarding the prevention and intervention in Clinical practice.
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Murray, Michaela Julie. "Psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis : exploring the role of emotion regulation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/psychological-mechanisms-underlying-the-relationship-between-childhood-trauma-and-psychosis(fd78c3da-2733-4599-832d-c4e776652305).html.
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Aims: There is now a very large research literature showing that childhood trauma has enduring consequences that can span across many areas of a child’s development. Since early emotion-regulatory processes emerge within the context of a caregiver-child relationship, disruptions in the development of emotion regulation skills are thought to be a common consequence of childhood abuse. A comprehensive investigation of this relationship would be a useful addition to the literature, given the increasing recognition of shared processes across a range of disorders and recommendations to adopt a mechanism-focused approach. This review sought to identify, summarise and critically evaluate studies that investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and emotion regulation in adults with a diagnosed mental health disorder. Method: Searches of electronic databases Embase, PsycINFO and Medline were conducted. After screening, papers relevant to the review question were examined in more detail and quality assessment ratings were completed. Results: Overall, 549 studies were identified through searches. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 10 studies met criteria and were included in the review. These included 1,431 participants with a variety of clinically significant mental health problems. Quality varied across studies and some frequent methodological limitations were identified. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence for a specific link between childhood abuse, particularly childhood emotional abuse, and emotion regulation difficulties. Findings also provide some evidence that emotion regulation difficulties may, in part, explain the relationship between childhood abuse and mental health difficulties later in life. However, due to the methodological issues raised and the small number of studies reviewed, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions and further investigation is needed. Recommendations are made to improve the methodological quality of future studies and to encourage consistency in research aims and methods.
26
McKinney, Fiona. "A relational model of therapists' experience of affect regulation in psychological therapy with female sex addiction." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/14413/.
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This study investigated how therapists work with female sex addicts on affect regulation from a relational perspective in psychotherapy. I used a grounded theory approach, embedded in a social constructionist epistemology, and implemented a relativist constructionist methodology (Bryant & Charmaz, 2010). A total of twelve experienced psychotherapists and psychologists who worked in the sex addiction field participated in conversational, semi-structured interviews. Analysis revealed seventeen central properties, which organized five reciprocal, interactive categories. Four of these – namely, Forming Relationship, The Therapist’s Edge, Managing Risk and Safe Surprises and Finding a Shared Frequency – are cohered by the fifth category, The Multiversal Space. Findings demonstrated affect regulation as a therapeutic method with female sex addicts to be inextricably bound up with the therapist’s subjective response as well as their capacity for conceptualization, and theory of mind. Central to the work is an attendance by the therapist to both the implicit unconscious and somatic communication and explicit, cognitive and narrative aspects, as these were shown to influence the quality of relationship and the therapeutic action of change (Boston Change Process Study Group, 2010). The contribution of this research added to that of the small number of empirical studies considering female sex addiction. The originality of the study concerned the conceptualization of psychological therapy with female sex addicts as a two-person endeavour, thus positioning it in the field of relational and counselling psychology.
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Swan, Freda Zoë. "A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cognitive emotion regulation in relation to individual differences in self-esteem." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32730.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives Self-esteem may affect the processing and regulation of emotion. However, it is unclear whether differences in self-esteem are associated with changes in initial emotional appraisal or engagement of emotion regulation. I investigated whether individual differences in self-esteem predicted brain responses to negative emotional stimuli: 1) when they were viewed without intentional regulation; and 2) during downregulation using cognitive reappraisal. Thirdly, I investigated whether self-esteem predicted reappraisal success. Method Twenty-nine healthy adults (age M=47, SD=15; 16 female) performed a cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation task during fMRI scanning. Participants viewed and subsequently reappraised or attended to negative and neutral images. Trait self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) was included as a predictor in a whole-brain multiple regression analysis. Analyses were thresholded at p<.005, k>p20, p<.05 family-wise error (FWE)-corrected at cluster-level. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA32) and the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC; BA6) were a priori regions of interest (ROI), since both have previously been reported in fMRI studies of self-esteem and cognitive reappraisal. A post-hoc ROI analysis tested the correspondence of self-esteem-related ACC activation with findings from a meta-analysis of emotion regulation. Ratings of negative emotional intensity following reappraisal trials were subtracted from ratings following attend-negative trials to index reappraisal success. Results Self-esteem was associated with potentiated ACC ROI activation during viewing of negative, compared to neutral, images (MNI x, y, z = -6, 17, 38, k=43, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.368 at cluster-level). For reappraisal compared to attended negative images, self-esteem was positively associated with activation in the left posterior insula (MNI x, y, z = -30, -10, 17, k=30, punc<.001 at peak, pFWE=.959 at cluster-level) and negatively associated with activation in the mid cingulate cortex (MNI x, y, z = 3, -34, 35, k=50, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.805 at clusterlevel). However, only the post-hoc ACC ROI analysis was significant after multiple comparison correction (MNI x, y, z = -6, 23, 38, k=22, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.021 at clusterlevel). For reappraisal, self-esteem was not related to activation in the ACC or dorsal PFC ROIs. Trait self-esteem did not correlate with reappraisal success, r =.16, p =.208. Conclusion Trait self-esteem may affect recruitment of the ACC during initial emotional appraisal. This may reflect successful automatic emotion regulation for high self-esteem, consistent with the demonstrated spatial overlap with a meta-analytic emotion regulation cluster. While selfesteem may affect brain responsivity during cognitive reappraisal, the observed trends must be interpreted carefully, since the findings do not survive correction for multiple comparisons, and emotional outcomes of applying reappraisal do not differ as a function of self-esteem. Taken together, these findings suggest that high trait self-esteem may be advantageous for rapid automatic emotion regulation, but not deliberate cognitive reappraisal.
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McAulay, Claire Elise. "Eating Disorder Features in Bipolar Disorder: Course, Psychological Correlates, and Relationship with Quality of Life." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21943.
Full textAbstract:
Despite growing interest in eating disorders (EDs) comorbid with bipolar disorder (BD), little research has considered the nature of ED features and their association with physical health and psychosocial outcomes. The current research aimed to assess ED features in people with BD and their association with BMI and psychological factors. People with BD (Aus=73, Netherlands=109) completed online questionnaires and 9 Australian participants with the comorbidity participated in a qualitative interview. In total, 31 (19%) were identified as having a probable ED, most commonly binge eating disorder (45%). Only one reported a formally-diagnosed ED. Comorbid EDs were associated with significantly poorer emotion regulation ability, reduced quality of life (QoL), and higher distress, but not impulsivity. Greater depressive symptoms and more frequent hospital admissions for depression were also reported. The most common ED features were weight/shape overvaluation (36%) and objective binge eating episodes (OBEs; 21%). OBEs and restriction uniquely contributed to poorer QoL in a regression model. Positive beliefs about the function of binge eating, but not OBEs, predicted higher body mass index (BMI). Interviews revealed that BD illness episodes often correlated with changes in eating and BMI. Most participants connected their experience of an ED and BD to traumatic experiences. None felt that concerns with their eating, weight gain and physical health had been adequately addressed. Results suggest that this double diagnosis and even subthreshold EDs in BD are associated with elevated ED cognitions and heightened difficulties with emotion regulation. Clinicians and researchers alike should consider more proactive screening for this comorbidity as a significant contributing factor to disability. Future interventions for this under-supported group could consider targeting cognitive processes, emotion regulation difficulties and comorbid traumatic stress disorders.
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Timmins, Bebhinn Martha. "Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Scale /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (186 KB), 2009. http://www.lib.jmu.edu//general/etd/2009/Masters/Timmins_BebhinnM/timminbm_masters_12-08-2009.pdf.
Full text
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Dean, Steven. "Development of conceptual framework and methodology for enhancing long term coping skills to improve psychological and physiological well-being." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655720.
Full textAbstract:
A wealth of information exists on self-regulatory processes that have the potential to generate a population shift in health and well-being, but there are many barriers to progress. This thesis addresses three. The first is a lack of transparency and coherence in terminology surrounding 'stress' and 'well-being'. This was addressed using a taxonomy based on self-regulatory theory to provide a platform for clearer differentiation and enhancement of psychological coping mechanisms. The second is the difficulty illuminating a public deluged with contradictory information. This was addressed by demonstrating a means of generating publicly available, validated instruments of change, through more open, transparent and collaborative research. The third barrier is that information provision alone is not enough to induce sustainable behaviour change. This was addressed by systematically exploring ways of optimising intervention adherence, impact and adaptive habit formation. The research programme consisted of three experimental studies. Study 1 piloted a means of adding depth and ingenuity to efforts to achieve personal daily goals, using an adaptation of Pennebaker's experimental writing paradigm, underpinned by social cognitive theory. Framework analysis of interviews with participants led to the development of a web-based version of the intervention, incorporating elements from dual-processing theory. Study 2 investigated effects of this intervention on self-report measures of psychological well-being in a group of 33 university administrators, assessed at baseline and four follow-up time points over twelve months. Sustained improvements were significant for goal progress, self-efficacy, perceived stress, negative affect, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Study 3 tested the intervention using a randomised controlled trial involving 101 local government administrators. The results for self-report measures further supported and extended the findings of Study 2, whilst additional cortisol assessment proved inconclusive. Overall, the findings demonstrate a viable means of extending self-regulatory knowledge central to the pursuit of psychological and physiological well-being.
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Heyns, Gerhardus Johannes. "Influence of macro- versus microcooling on the physiological and psychological performance of the human operator." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016247.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the effect of a macro- versus a microcooling system on the cognitive, psychomotor and physiological performance of human operators. Male subjects (n = 24) were acclimatized for four days and then subjected to three different environmental conditions: hot ambient (40°C; 40% RH), microcooling and macrocooling. Each environmental condition was repeated twice; once under a rest condition and once while simulating a physical workload of 40 W. Four performance tests (reasoning, eye-hand coordination, memory, reaction time) were conducted once every hour for four hours. Five physiological measurements, viz rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, total sweat loss and sweat rate, were taken. A significant difference existed between the physiological responses under the hot ambient condition and both cooling conditions. For all five physiological parameters he human operator benefitted substantially whatever the cooling condition. The psychological performance results indicated a greater benefit under the cooling conditions, though various external factors may have influenced responses. User perception showed that macrocooling was perceived to be the optimal method of cooling. The results showed that there was no difference in the extent to which both rectal temperature and heart rate (for rest and work conditions) decreased over the 4-hour study period with micro- and macrocooling. In the baseline hot environment both increase. Sweat rate was lowest when resting or working in a microcooled environment and at its highest in the hot baseline environment. Mean skin temperature was lowest (for rest and work conditions) with microcooling and highest in the hot baseline environment. Reaction time and memory/attention were the same under all three environmental conditions. Eye-hand coordination was better with cooling than without, but did not differ between the two cooling conditions. Reasoning ability was poorest under the hot baseline condition and best in the macrocooled environment. User perception showed that the subjects found macrocooling highly acceptable. Microcooling was found to be uncomfortable, particularly because cold air (18 - 21°C) entered the jacket at one point which caused numbness of the skin at that point. Jackets did not always fit subjects well and the umbilical cord restricted free movement.
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Chaplin, Caley. "The factors affecting self-regulation through the analysis of physiological, psychological and behavioural measures during task-switching." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006027.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals are required to manage multiple tasks which require strategic allocation of time and effort to ensure goals are reached efficiently. By providing the worker with autonomy over their work, performance and worker well-being have improved. This increased control allows individuals to organize work according to the needs of the body, which prevents fatigue leading to improved productivity. When given the option, humans tend to switch between tasks frequently. This behaviour can be used to determine the change in self-regulation strategies. An understanding of human task-switching behaviour is important for the design of job rotation systems. However, there is a lack of evidence explaining the factors motivating the need to switch between tasks. This study aims to use physiological, subjective and behavioural measures to explain the factors influencing selfregulation through the act of task-switching. Three primary hypotheses were developed to explain the factors underlying taskswitching behaviour. It was hypothesized that the degree of boredom experienced, the effort required to perform the task and the resource usage induced by the task are factors responsible in deciding task switching behaviour. Participants (17 males and 17 females) switched freely between five different information-processing tasks for the 45 minutes. Participants were allowed to switch back and forth between tasks and did not have to conduct all five tasks. The following measures were recorded during the experiment: subjective measures of boredom, mental effort, task frustration and perceived performance of the tasks; energy consumption and physiological measures of effort (HR, HRV and body temperature) and behavioural measures, including duration and frequency of task. Perceived boredom was found to differ among the tasks and before and after the experiment. The average boredom rating at each task transition for all tasks exceeded a score of 2.5 out of a possible 4. There were no significant changes in physiological measures between the beginning and end of the task trials. However, changes in physiological measures showed a decrease in effort investment following task transition. Heart rate variability was lower for externally-paced tasks than for self-paced tasks, despite the differences in cognitive demands. The most frequent task-switch combination occurred between tasks of high and low cognitive demand. The least frequent task-switching combination occurred between tasks of similar characteristics, which produced no differences in physiological responses. Task-switching behaviour was influenced by the degree of boredom, and therefore more time was spent on less monotonous tasks. The level of physiological effort required for the task affected task-switching behaviour. Task switches were made before any changes in effort took place in an attempt to maintain task efficiency. It appears plausible that a task switch was made to reduce effort investment and activation levels. The type of information processing resources used by different tasks affected the task-switching combinations. Individuals tended to switch between tasks of differing resources so that those in limited supply were able to replenish. Therefore the findings from this study can potentially be used to improve the design of job rotation systems. Such improvements may enhance productivity and worker well-being by inhibiting the onset of down regulation and fatigue processes. This study showed that autonomy is necessary for individuals to regulate behaviour to suit human needs.<br>Microsoft� Office Word 2007<br>Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Gillard, Julia Alexandra. "Psychological and neural processing of social rejection and inclusion in major depressive disorder." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267838.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aimed to extend the existing psychological and neural basis of social processing in Major Depressive Disorder. This investigation was an attempt to resolve current conflicts and gaps in the social affective neuroscience literature regarding social functioning in depression. Chapter 1 consisted of a general introduction to the current evidence-base and theoretical frameworks surrounding social processing more generally, and in depression more specifically. Chapter 2 provided an exploration of the systemic behavioural biases in in those with depression compared to mentally healthy individuals using a range of social, affective and process measures implemented across the remaining chapters. Then followed a behavioural and neural investigation into self-relevant social processing in depression. Chapter 3 described the process of memory generation implemented across Chapter 4-6 using a script-driven paradigm. It further discussed the ecological validity of this paradigm using social autobiographical memories. Chapter 4 investigated the neural and behavioural responses to self-relevant autobiographical memories of social rejection and social inclusion in individuals with depression and in healthy controls. The next two chapters discussed the behavioural and neural basis of social processing in depression in response to others’ memories of social rejection and inclusion, using traditional and novel fMRI analysis methodologies in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6, respectively. The latter applied a novel intersubject correlation analysis to the same population of depressed and healthy controls as in Chapter 5. Then, Chapter 7 presented a future application of the script-driven imagery paradigm by investigating the effectiveness of different emotion regulation strategies in response to socially salient autobiographical memories in a population of healthy controls. Finally, Chapter 8 provided a general discussion bringing together behavioural and neural findings to provide a clearer understanding of social processing in Major Depressive Disorder. Current theoretical frameworks were used to guide the interpretation of these findings.
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Reid, Shonagh. "Stability of personality disorders across the life span and the contributing psychological factors of personality disorders in older adults with mental health problems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20996.
Full textAbstract:
Personality disorders (PD) are among the most complex aspects of human behaviour to understand and manage. Stability is thought to be one of the major distinguishing features between PD’s and other forms of psychopathology, however, recent studies have challenged this notion. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the focus of this review and is characterised by interpersonal and emotion regulation difficulties. This thesis aimed to first examine the naturalistic course of BPD, through systematic review of the current literature. Following screening, 12 studies, that met all inclusion/exclusion criteria, were critically evaluated. The results, from studies rated as methodologically sound, suggested that the categorical diagnosis of BPD has poor stability over time, with only 3%-35% of participants retaining a diagnosis of BPD over time. However, the studies reviewed were limited by the population they examined: mainly working age adults with mental health problems. Therefore, studies need to be continued and replicated to increase our understanding of the lifespan course of BPD. PD’s within older adults with mental health problems is a highly debated topic. Clinicians have highlighted the presence of PD symptoms within this group and the need for appropriate therapies. Schema therapy is one intervention that has shown to be effective in the treatment of PD symptoms within a working adult population. A recent Delphi-study led to the consensus that existing therapies for PD, such as schema therapy, that have shown to be effective in working aged adults are applicable to older adults. Therefore, the empirical project focused on exploring the theoretical underpinnings of schema therapy in older adults with mental health problems. 3 self-report questionnaires were administered to 62 participants (aged 65- 85 years); Young’s Schema Questionnaire – Short Form (YSQ-S3), Coolidge Axis-II Inventory (Short) (SCATI-II) and The Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ- 2). Analysis highlighted that YSQ-S3 and REQ-2 scores significantly predicted 69% of the variance in SCATI-II scores. To the author’s knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to find support for the relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS), PD symptoms and the use of dysfunctional emotion regulation (ER) strategies, consistent with the schema therapy model, in older adults with mental health problems.
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Everman, Melinda K. "Self regulation, outcome expectancy value, and exercise role identity as predictors of exercise." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074551.
Full textAbstract:
A limited amount of research has been conducted on college students' physical activity levels. According to the 1996 Surgeon General's Report, only one fourth of young adults regularly exercise vigorously. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective exercise intervention programs for young adult populations. There has been no previous research using the variables of outcome expectancy value, exercise role identity, and self-regulation skills. The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship among self-regulation skills, outcome expectancy value, and exercise role identity as predictors of exercise levels. Subjects (n=1 83) represented a convenient sample of students from Personal Health classes at Ball State University. All subjects completed a four-part questionnaire divided into: self-regulation, outcome expectancy value, exercise role identity, and seven day recall. Results revealed that selfregulation and exercise role identity were predictors of vigorous activity, but not moderate activity. Outcome expectancy value was not significantly correlated with any of the dependent variables, except for male vigorous days. This study further support self-regulation and exercise role identity as predictors of physical activity.<br>Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Silva, Karine. "Self-regulation during a kicking task by expert and novice soccer players, and children who are physically awkward." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79808.
Full textAbstract:
Soccer experts (N = 18), novices (N = 16), and children who are physically awkward (N = 18), were studied for differences in self-regulatory forethought and self-reflection processes during a soccer kicking task. The participants (age range 12--14 years) were questioned regarding goals, strategy choice, and self-efficacy, as well as self-reflection attributions and feelings of self-satisfaction as they practiced the task. Among the significant results, children who are physically awkward possessed less soccer kicking knowledge and displayed lower self-efficacy after success than experts and novices. They also set less specific goals, selected less rhythm/timing strategies following failure, and attributed less to rhythm/timing and practice following success than experts. In comparison to novices, children who are physically awkward showed no differences in goals and strategy prior to the task but in terms of strategy after failure and attributions after success they had less "I don't know" strategy answers and practice attributions. There was no significant difference among the three groups in self-satisfaction.
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Dai, Wai-tong, and 戴偉堂. "Examine the relations of perceived classroom environment to affectivity and emotion regulation of secondary students in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45588983.
Full text
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Craike, Melinda Jane, and n/a. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060810.154920.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.
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Craike, Melinda Jane. "An Exploratory Study of the Social Psychological Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366174.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the widely documented physical, psychological, and social benefits of regular participation in physical activity (Bauman & Campbell, 2001; Blair, Kohl & Barlow, 1995; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000; U.S Department of Health & Human Services, 1996), less than half of the Australian population participate in 'sufficient' levels of physical activity in terms of time and frequency of participation (Bauman, Ford & Armstrong, 2001). Thus the examination of social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is important. A mixed methods approach was adopted to identify and test the important social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. Phase one of the study was qualitative in nature and adopted a grounded theory approach. A number of important themes emerged from the qualitative phase, including: definitions and meanings of physical activity; physical activity and choice, obligation, reasons for participation; enjoyment of physical activity; changing perceptions and influences on physical activity from childhood to adulthood; and priority of physical activity. The interrelations between these themes and their impact on regularity of participation were explored. These findings, along with theoretical propositions and evidence from previous studies, contributed to the development of a model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. They also contributed to the development of items to measure important concepts in the model. Phase two was quantitative in nature and used structural equation modelling to test the model. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 250 people aged 19-87 years living in an Australian capital city. Self-report questionnaires measured regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity (dependent variable), leisure-time physical activity behaviour regulation, intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity, enjoyment of leisure-time physical activity, and priority of leisure-time physical activity (independent and mediating variables). Each of the independent and mediating variables was multidimensional in nature, the components of which were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling prior to the testing of structural models. After some adjustment, the predictors were satisfactorily represented by their respective multifactor models, except intrinsic motivation, which was best represented by a single factor model. Following modification, the proposed model of the social psychological determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was found to be a good fit of the data. Relationships within the model indicated the importance of the priority of leisure-time physical activity factors in the prediction of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity. The influence of preference for leisure-time physical activity on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity was mediated by level of priority and making time for leisure-time physical activity. That is, people who preferred to participate in leisure-time physical activity over other types of leisure tended to make it a higher priority, and, in turn, tended to make time to participate. Making time was subsequently associated with increased regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. The enjoyment factors influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through their influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. Activity enjoyment had a positive influence on preference and enjoyment dependent on surroundings had a negative influence. However, in the overall model, the behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation attenuated the influence of the enjoyment factors on preference for leisure-time physical activity. This suggested that people's underlying behaviour regulators and levels of intrinsic motivation have a similar influence on their preference for leisure-time physical activity as their feelings of enjoyment. However, behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation appear to be more powerful influences of preference than enjoyment. Intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity positively influenced regular participation in leisure-time physical activity through its influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity. It also had a direct influence on regularity of participation. Thus, people who were more intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity partly because they formed preferences for physical activity over other types of leisure. Furthermore, the direct influence of intrinsic motivation on regular participation suggested that there were explanations, beyond that of preference and priority, for why those who were intrinsically motivated tended to participate more regularly in leisure-time physical activity. The behaviour regulators of external regulation (negative), introjected regulation (positive) and identified regulation (positive) influenced regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity mostly through their influence on intrinsic motivation towards leisure-time physical activity. That is, when people felt their physical activity was externally regulated, they felt less intrinsically motivated to participate and this was subsequently associated with less regular participation. On the other hand, when people were regulated by introjection and identification, they tended to feel more intrinsically motivated and this was subsequently associated with more regular participation. External regulation and introjected regulation also had a direct negative influence on preference for leisure-time physical activity and perceptions of the availability of time, respectively. Thus, people who felt externally regulated tended to have less preference for leisure-time physical activity and those who were regulated through introjection were more likely to perceive that they did not have the time to participate. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of preferences and prioritisation on perceptions of time availability, and subsequently, regularity of participation in leisure-time physical activity. It also demonstrated that behaviour regulators and intrinsic motivation are important determinants of regular participation in leisure-time physical activity in a general community sample. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, leisure professionals, and policy makers. They also suggest a number of significant areas of further research.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Fergusson-White, Christy A. J. "Self-regulation in multiple sclerosis : the role of illness cognitions and coping in adjustment." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/471.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition, which affects around 2.5 million people worldwide. At a time when there is yet no recognised cure, it is imperative that MS patients learn to cope and adjust well to living with the illness. However, research has found high rates of psychological distress associated with MS (Minden & Schiffer, 1991). This highlights the need for research to investigate the psychological factors, which make MS patients vulnerable to psychological distress. One popular social cognition model called the Self-Regulation Model (Leventhal et al., 1980) has been found to successfully predict adjustment in a range of chronic illnesses. However, previous research applying the SRM to understand adjustment to MS has been limited. The current research therefore represented the first attempt to successfully apply the full SRM to an MS population prospectively. The present thesis is comprised of three studies and employed a mixed quantitative and qualitative research design method. Studies 1 (N=103) and 3 (N=150) were both quantitative studies, which applied an extended SRM model to clinical samples of MS patients and assessed indices of psychological distress over time. Study 2 (N=15) however was a qualitative study, designed to investigate MS patients experiences of living with the condition. By combining both quantitative and qualitative methods, the findings provided a fuller understanding of the psychological factors underlying successful adjustment to MS. Overall the findings provided some support for the utility of the extended SRM in predicting adjustment to MS and highlighted the importance of positive mind states and acceptance for successful adjustment to the condition. The findings also had a number of clinical implications, which are also discussed.
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Riviere, Julie. "Perfectionism, rumination and eating behaviour regulation : are men and women equal in front of psychological processes involved in body dissatisfaction ?" Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H026.
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L'insatisfaction corporelle, définie comme la différence entre le corps perçu et le corps idéal (Cash, 2002), a été mise en évidence comme facteur de risque de nombreux troubles et symptômes psychopathologiques. Ainsi, l’une des priorités de la recherche sur l’insatisfaction corporelle est d’identifier les processus psychologiques impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de l’insatisfaction corporelle. L'analyse de la littérature sur l’insatisfaction corporelle, la rumination, le perfectionnisme et l’autorégulation a révélé plusieurs résultats intéressants ainsi qu’un manque d’information dans ce domaine. La plupart des recherches sur le rôle de ces processus dans l'insatisfaction corporelle sont transversales. Ainsi, il a été avancé que davantage de recherche était nécessaire pour examiner les facteurs de risque causaux impliqués dans l'insatisfaction corporelle (Watson et al., 2016). Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de développer et tester plusieurs instruments de mesure (questionnaire, tâches implicites et comportementales) et protocoles (conception longitudinale, inductions expérimentales) afin d'explorer les relations causales entre perfectionnisme, rumination, autorégulation et insatisfaction corporelle en tenant compte des différences entre hommes et femmes. Les résultats suggèrent des cercles vicieux entre insatisfaction corporelle, rumination et perfectionnisme, ainsi que des différences entre hommes et femmes sur les relations entre ces processus et l'insatisfaction corporelle. De plus, nos résultats concernant les outils de mesure implicites et comportementaux du perfectionnisme comme alternatives aux mesures classiques d’auto-évaluation sont encourageants. Un modèle présentant la manière dont ces cercles vicieux pourraient contribuer à l'insatisfaction corporelle est proposé et des orientations futures sont explorées dans la discussion générale<br>Body dissatisfaction, defined as the difference between the perceived and the desired body (Cash, 2002), has been highlighted as a risk factor of numerous psychopathological disorders and symptoms. Thus, one of the priorities in body dissatisfaction research is to identify psychological processes involved in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. The overview of the literature about body dissatisfaction, rumination, perfectionism, and self-regulation revealed several interesting results and also a lack of information in this field. Most of the research on the role of these processes in body dissatisfaction is cross-sectional. Thus, it has been brought forward that more research is needed to examine the causal risk factors involved in body dissatisfaction (Watson et al., 2016). The objectives of this research were to develop and test several measurement instruments (i.e., questionnaire, implicit and behavioural tasks) and protocols (i.e., longitudinal design, experimental inductions) to explore the causal relationships between perfectionism, rumination, self-regulation and body dissatisfaction, while taking into account gender differences. The results suggest vicious circles between body dissatisfaction, rumination, and perfectionism, and differences between men and women on the relationships between those processes and body dissatisfaction. More, our results about implicit and behavioural measurement instruments of perfectionism as alternative to the classical self-report measures are encouraging. A model presenting how all these vicious circles could contribute to body dissatisfaction is proposed and futures directions are explored in the general discussion
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Hughes, Lyndsay Dawn. "Psychological adjustment to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis : a longitudinal evaluation of perceptions of, and adherence to, medication." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7890.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the synovium resulting in severe pain, joint disfigurement and disability as well as malaise, fatigue and a depressed immune system. Treatment consists of three broad phases; firstly, following diagnosis treatment is focussed on rapid reduction of pain and inflammation. Secondly, maintenance of quiescence is sought through medication. Finally, if disease activity remains high despite medication, escalation to anti-TNF α therapy is required to prevent permanent joint damage and disability. The primary course of treatment is prescription of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) within 3 months of onset of symptoms. However, DMARDs can take 8-12 weeks to exhibit a noticeable benefit whereas unpleasant side effects can occur shortly after initiation. Also, DMARDs do not alleviate pain; therefore it is difficult for patients to attribute recovery to this medication. For these reasons, although it is imperative for future health and functioning to take DMARDs as prescribed, non-adherence is common at 30-50%. Non-adherence to treatment can be intentional, where a decision is made not to conform to the prescription, or unintentional which is often due to forgetting. To measure intentional non-adherence, a validated measure of adherence for rheumatoid arthritis was reduced through exploratory factor analysis from 19 items to 5 items by removing items that did not add to the explained variance of adherence. The CQR5 explained 53% of the variance in adherence and was shown to have a good fit to the data through confirmatory factor analysis. A discriminant function equation was generated that correctly identifies 88.5% of patients as high or low adherers and has high clinical utility due to the brevity for patients and unidimensionality for easy interpretation. The CQR5 was used throughout the programme of research to measure intentional non-adherence along with a separate measure of unintentional non-adherence. Four commonly used social cognition models of illness were measured in 227 RA patients to determine which had the best utility for predicting non-adherence to DMARDs. Patients were recruited to represent the three stages of illness including newly diagnosed, established on DMARD therapy and established with concurrent anti-TNF α therapy. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Self Regulatory Model best predicted intentional non-adherence as patients with perceptions of worse consequences of RA and longer disease duration were more likely to be highly adherent to DMARDs in cross-sectional analysis. In contrast, the Theory of Planned Behaviour better predicted patients who self-reported forgetting their DMARDs with patients with more confidence in being able to take their medications (Perceived Behavioural Control) being less likely to forget. 171 patients were successfully followed-up six months after baseline recruitment. The longitudinal results showed that the social cognition models differed for patients at different stages of the illness suggesting that their experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis influenced perceptions of their illness and medications. Newly diagnosed patients scored lower on factors measuring perceptions of disease chronicity and seriousness whereas patients that had escalated to anti-TNF α therapy scored higher on these factors. The newly diagnosed patients also showed more variability in the social cognition scores whereas the more established patients demonstrated stable models of illness. This supports Leventhal’s (1992) theory that illness representations will be regulated through integration of knowledge and experience of an illness. Structural equation modelling was used to establish the best predictors of intentional non-adherence at six month follow-up. In support of research in other chronic illnesses (Horne & Weinman, 2002; Niklas, Dunbar & Wild, 2010), the effect of perceptions of the consequences and chronicity of the illness on adherence are mediated by perceptions of the necessity of the medication. In addition, the impact of the emotional reaction to the illness on adherence to DMARDs is mediated by concerns about the medication. In addition, this study incorporated factors from the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain medication adherence and found that the influence of friends and family impacts on the patient’s confidence to follow the prescription accurately which in turn as an effect on adherence to DMARDs. This large longitudinal study found that by combining factors from a number of social cognition models, it is possible to explain and predict intentional non-adherence and provides some evidence for best ways to intervene to improve adherence and prognosis. To provide a more comprehensive and clinically useful picture of non-adherence, a Cost of Illness study was carried which found that patients self-reporting low adherence to DMARDs also had significantly higher costs for this medication. This was caused by an increased incidence of Leflunamide prescribing for patients who often forget their medication and was maintained longitudinally. This association has not been previously reported in the literature and provides some evidence that non-adherence to DMARDs is having a concrete effect on the clinical management of patients. Finally, an SMS text message based reminder service designed to remind patients who self-report forgetting their medications was tested through a simulation study for the cost and likely benefit in health related quality of life using the health economic analysis of the longitudinal study and the results of a survey establishing the feasibility of implementing such a service in the rheumatology clinic. A sensitivity analysis testing the number of messages sent and the cost per message found that a reminder service for the sample of patients in this programme of research would cost between £1387.00 and £142.27 per year. This would equate to a cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gain of between £2889.58 and £296.40 by enabling patients to adhere more rigorously to their DMARD regimen. This programme of research is the first to test four commonly used social cognition models to predict adherence to DMARDs in a large, multi-centre longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Perceptions of the likely duration and consequences of the illness, as measured by the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and the necessity of medications (measured by the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire) along with self-efficacy (measured by the Theory of Planned Behaviour) explained 24% of the variance in intentional adherence over six months. The results show the importance of considering intentional and unintentional non-adherence separately as they appear to have different underlying mechanisms as well as patients in different phases of the illness as their experience influences their social cognition models of illness. A simple SMS based reminder service could act as a cue to action to reduce unintentional non-adherence whereas addressing issues surrounding maladaptive perceptions about the illness and the treatment could improve intentional non-adherence which has the potential to improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients as well as safe costs for the NHS.
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Rasoulzadeh, Hanna Queen. "Emotion regulation and rumination mediate the relation between yoga experience and psychological health in a non-clinical Indian population." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39260.
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This study was conducted in India, and the research plan was initially developed to provide further knowledge and perspective to the rapidly increased issues of psychological conditions in the country, regarding alternative treatments such as yoga and underlying mechanisms in the effects of yoga practice. The purpose of the study was to examine if emotion regulation and rumination may act as mediators between yoga experience and anxiety respectively depression. The study included 320 participants from eight different indian cities, four of the cities located in the north, three in the south and one city in the western part of India. This study had a quantitative design and had a questionnaire as a method for the data collecting. The results indicated that both emotion regulation and rumination at a significant level mediated the relationship between yoga experience and anxiety and depression respectively. These results can potentially bring further knowledge for countries (and individuals) that have higher levels of anxiety and depression in their populations, such as India, by providing a alternative perspective in the treatment and prevention of these conditions. In addition, the results can be beneficial for individuals that suffer from symptoms of anxiety, depression, difficulties with emotion regulation, and rumination.<br>Föreliggande studie utfördes i Indien. Forskningsplanen utvecklades för att ge ytterligare kunskap och perspektiv till den växande problematiken med psykiska ohälsa i landet, med fokus på alternativa behandlingar som yoga samt möjliga underliggande mekanismer i effekter av yoga utövande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om emotionsreglering och ältande medierar relationen mellan yoga erfarenhet, och ångest respektive depression. Studien inkluderande 320 deltagare från åtta olika indiska städer, fyra av städerna ligger i norra, tre städer i södra och en stad i västra Indien. Föreliggande studie hade en kvantitativ design och hade enkäter som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet indikerade att både emotionsreglering och ältande signifikant medierade relationen mellan yoga erfarenhet och ångest respektive depression. Dessa resultat kan potentiellt utöka kunskapen för länder (och individer) som har högre nivåer av ångest och depression i sina populationer, som exempelvis Indien, genom att ge ett alternativt perspektiv i behandlingen och i det förebyggande arbetet av dessa tillstånd. Vidare kan resultatet av studien vara användbart för individer som har symptom av ångest, depression, svårigheter med emotionsreglering, och ältande.
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Coates, Aubrey A. "Understanding the Impact of Specific Subtypes of Psychological Maltreatment: An Examination of Mechanisms Related to Depressive Symptoms in College Women." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303957413.
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Chu, Hui. "ETHNIC IDENTITY AND PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC ATTITUDES: THE MEDIATING AND MODERATING ROLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND SELF-REGULATION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/108.
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The current study addressed the deficiency in research by examining risk factors for immigrant children that may lead to academic disengagement (such as ethnic discrimination by peers and teachers, and psychological distress) and resilience factors that promote academic engagement (such as the development of a positive ethnic identity). Children who had stronger, more positive ethnic identities had more positive academic attitudes. Furthermore, the more the children were teased by their peers and graded unfairly by their teachers because of their ethnicity, the more they thought school was less important, less useful and felt less efficacious about school and valued school less. Also as expected, the more the children perceived discrimination, the more depressed and anxious they felt. Perceptions of discrimination negatively predicted self-regulation such that children who perceived more discrimination were less capable of regulating their attention and inhibitory control. In turn, children who were less able to self-regulate reported more psychological distress and lower academic attitudes. These results support the importance of supporting children’s ethnic identities, being sensitive to perceived discrimination experiences, and working to offset depression and anxiety. Other important implications include using the school setting and including teachers in an active way to influence the children’s environment.
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Variath, Mary. "The Relationships Among Emotion Regulation, Role Stress, and Psychological Distress in Surrogate Decision Makers of the Chronically Critically Ill Patients." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554909868871504.
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Louw, Tyron Linton. "An investigation into control mechanisms of driving performance : resource depletion and effort-regulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001842.
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Driver fatigue is a complex phenomenon that has a range of causal factors including sleeprelated and task-related factors. These manifest as different safety and performance outcomes. Extensive research has been applied to linking these factors to performance impairment. However, little research focuses on the mechanisms by which this link exists. This research project therefore focuses on the processes underlying how driving performance is controlled and maintained during the development on non-sleep-related driver fatigue. The main aim was to establish whether progressive impairment of driving control over a prolonged drive could be attributed to a depletion of attentional resources, as proposed by Resource Theory, or to a withdrawal of effort, as proposed by Effort-Regulation Theory. As a multicomponent skill, driving requires perception, cognition and motor output. The secondary aim of this research was therefore to assess whether a prolonged drive impairs stage-specific information processing. Participants (n=24) in three experimental groups performed a 90-minute simulated drive wherein they were expected to keep the bonnet of a car on a lane (tracking task). The three groups differed in terms of lane width: small, medium and large, corresponding to low, medium, and high task-demand, respectively. To assess the impacts of this task on stagespecific information processing, participants performed a set of resource specific tests before and after the prolonged drive. Each task had two difficulty variations to ensure that performance decrement was due not only to the task-characteristic, but specifically to resource depletion. The tests probing information processing were: a modified Fitts' tapping task for motor programming, a digit recall task for perception, and an object recognition reading task for cognition. Performance was measured as lateral deviation of the car. Physiological measures included heart rate frequency (HR) and various time- and frequencydomain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, eye blink frequency and duration. The Borg CR-10 scale was used to evaluate subjective effort and fatigue during the task. Driving control declined over time and was supplemented by HR, HRV, blink frequency and duration, indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity (or a reduction in arousal). An increase in blink frequency was considered as a sign of withdrawal of attentional resources over time. Driving control declined to a greater extent in the large road width group and reflected a lower parasympathetic activity, whereas the inverse was observed for the small road width group. Resource tests reveal a non-specific impairment of information processing following the prolonged drive. However, this was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity. Overall, results indicate that Effort-Regulation Theory better accounts for the impairment of driving control in prolonged driving than does Resource Theory. This suggests that the impact of fatigue is guided more by task goals and intrinsic motivation than by the manner in which the fatigue state developed. Moreover, performance impairment by effort-regulation is dependant more on time on task than on task-demand
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Heckman, Abby L. "Age differences in emotion regulation in interpersonal situations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8075.
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Weiss, Emily Michelle. "Sleep and Young Children's Development of Self-Regulation and Academic Skills." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4081.
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School readiness incorporates children's academic abilities and their ability to self-regulate in the classroom. Prior research shows that sleep is related to children's development of these skills, although the mechanisms through which sleep affects school readiness are not well understood. Research also indicates that economically disadvantaged children and children of color may have poorer academic and regulatory skills at school entry and may sleep less and sleep less well on a regular basis.
The current study explores the role of sleep quantity and quality in young children's development of two skills critical for school success: self-regulation and academic abilities. This study intentionally focuses on a predominantly African-American, economically disadvantaged population, who may be at risk for greater sleep-related difficulties and lower school-related skills at kindergarten entry. It was hypothesized that a) young children with higher quantity and quality of sleep would show greater development of academic skills and self-regulation across one calendar year, b) the role of sleep in the development of these abilities would be relatively stronger among kindergarteners than among 1st graders, and c) the role of sleep quality and quantity in young children's development of academic abilities would be partially explained by the relation between sleep and self-regulation. Results provide mixed support for the hypotheses, indicating that sleep quality and quantity relate differentially to different school-related skills among kindergarteners and 1st graders. This study contributes research to help explain how and why sleep affects young children and may offer insights for caregivers and educators working to help children develop school-related skills.
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Jimenez, Fanny V. Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] [Asendorpf, Hans-Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Bierhoff, and Brooke C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Feeney. "The regulation of psychological distance in long-distance relationships / Fanny V. Jimenez. Gutachter: Jens B. Asendorpf ; Hans-Werner Bierhoff ; Brooke C. Feeney." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015169325/34.
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