Relevant bibliographies by topics / Resist film removal

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Resist film removal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Resist film removal"

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Mercadier, Thomas, Philippe Garnier, Virginie Loup, et al. "Evaluation and Optimization of Particle Removal with a Resist Peeling Method." Solid State Phenomena 346 (August 14, 2023): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-art4vs.

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The removal of particle contamination is key to maximize yield. Some common particle removal techniques are not relevant anymore when complex and fragile structures are present on the surface. This led to the development of new cleaning processes based on innovative concepts to improve particle removal efficiency without any pattern damage. Some of these processes rely on a resist film lift off. One of these particle removal processes is studied in this paper. The process consists in some resist spin-coating followed by a diluted ammonia dispense to remove this film, which results in particle
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Sobhian, Mani. "The Role of Extreme Agitation in Accelerating the Removal Rate of Advanced Packaging Photoresists." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (2013): 001389–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-wp15.

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Negative Dry Film and Negative Spin-On photoresists are widely adopted as the prime choice in wafer-scale packaging processes such as bumping, TSV, and copper pillars. High transparency of negative resist produces vertical profiles with no footing at low exposure energy, resulting in a robust, high throughput lithography process (Doki, 2005). In plating applications, the 3-D cross-linking of negative resist provides good adhesion to wide range of substrates, enabling high-current ECD processes with high throughput. The main challenge of negative photoresist has always been its removal difficul
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Hollenbeck, J. L., and R. C. Buchanan. "Oxide thin films for nanometer scale electron beam lithography." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 5 (1990): 1058–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1058.

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The exposure response of high resolution oxide resist materials has been examined under high intensity irradiation conditions (∼1 ⊠ 105 A/cm2) to determine the relationships among film characteristics, exposure requirements, and ultimate resolution, and to explore further the processes responsible for ablative exposure. Amorphous films of Al2O3, Y2O3, Sc2O3, 3Al2O3·2SiO2, and MgO·Al2O3 were deposited by rf sputtering onto substrates cooled to –196°C and found to require an exposure dose of approximately 5 ⊠ 103 C/cm2 to complete exposure. Amorphous film structure was found to be necessary to a
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Lee, Jong Han, Sang Won Shin, Young Suk Kwon, et al. "Magnetic Patterning of the Ni/Cu Thin Film by 40 keV O Ion Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.867.

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Ni(60Å)/Cu film possessing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) changes its easy direction into the plane by ion irradiation, due to the relaxation of the strain. By fixing our eyes upon this magnetic property, the magnetic patterning of Ni(60Å)/Cu film using 40 keV O ion irradiation was performed through the photo-resist (PR) mask having 10㎛ x 10 ㎛pattern sizes to pattern the magnetic film. After the PR mask removal of an irradiated film, the magnetic properties were investigated by the magneto-optic Kerr effect and the formation of magnetic pattern was observed by the magnetic force micro
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Jimbo, Sadayuki, Kouji Shimomura, Tokuhisa Ohiwa, et al. "Resist and Sidewall Film Removal after Al Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) Employing F+H2O Downstream Ashing." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, Part 1, No. 6B (1993): 3045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.32.3045.

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Mikalsen Martinussen, Simen, Raimond N. Frentrop, Meindert Dijkstra, and Sonia Maria Garcia-Blanco. "Redeposition-Free Deep Etching in Small KY(WO4)2 Samples." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (2020): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121033.

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KY(WO4)2 is a promising material for on-chip laser sources. Deep etching of small KY(WO4)2 samples in combination with various thin film deposition techniques is desirable for the manufacturing of such devices. There are, however, several difficulties that need to be overcome before deep etching of KY(WO4)2 can be realized in small samples in a reproducible manner. In this paper, we address the problems of (i) edge bead formation when using thick resist on small samples, (ii) sample damage during lithography mask touchdown, (iii) resist reticulation during prolonged argon-based inductively cou
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Tomita, Hiroshi, Minako Inukai, Kaori Umezawa, and Li Nan Ji. "Direct Observation of Single Bubble Cavitation Damage for MHz Cleaning." Solid State Phenomena 145-146 (January 2009): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.145-146.3.

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It is well known that the physical force cleaning such as megasonic (MS) and ultrasonic (US) cleaning are used in FEOL (front-end-of-line) and BEOL (back-end-of-line). Recently, with scaling down below 43 nm, the influence of pattern damage by physical force methods such as MS and US irradiation has been reported. Hence, for the 2x and 3x nm node devices, it will be very difficult to apply MS cleaning for particle removal process without understanding the cavitation force. Cavitation is a complex phenomena based on bubble formation and explosion in the liquid. To control “MS cleaning” and “cav
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Muangtong, Piyanut, Righdan Mohsen Namus, and Russell Goodall. "Improved Tribocorrosion Resistance by Addition of Sn to CrFeCoNi High Entropy Alloy." Metals 11, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010013.

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Among the high entropy or complex concentrated alloys (HEAs/CCAs), one type of system is commonly based on CoCrFeNi, which as an equiatomic quaternary alloy that forms a single phase FCC structure. In this work, the effect of Sn in an equiatomic quinary system with CoCrFeNi is shown to lead to a great improvement in hardness and resistance to tribocorrosion. The addition causes a phase transition from a single FCC phase in CoCrFeNi to dual phase in CoCrFeNiSn with an Ni-Sn intermetallic phase, and a CoCrFeNi FCC phase. The presence of both the hard intermetallic and this ductile phase helps to
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Farahani, Emad, Andre C. Liberati, Amirhossein Mahdavi, Pantcho Stoyanov, Christian Moreau, and Ali Dolatabadi. "Ice Adhesion Evaluation of PTFE Solid Lubricant Film Applied on TiO2 Coatings." Coatings 13, no. 6 (2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061049.

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Ice formation affects the performance of many industrial components, including aircraft wings, spacecraft, and power transmission cables. In particular, ice build-up on airplane components increases drag and fuel consumption. A large number of studies have been carried out to reduce ice adhesion by developing passive methods such as icephobic coatings and active ice removal approaches such as mechanical vibrations or chemical-based solutions. Despite remarkable recent breakthroughs in the fabrication of icephobic coatings, passive ice removal solutions require higher durability to resist cycli
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Limcharoen, Alonggot, Pichet Limsuwan, Chupong Pakpum, and Krisda Siangchaew. "Characterisation of C–F Polymer Film Formation on the Air-Bearing Surface Etched Sidewall of Fluorine-Based Plasma Interacting with AL2O3–TiC Substrate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/851489.

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C–F polymer redeposition is generated on the etched sidewall of the patterned air-bearing surface (ABS). This C–F polymer is a by-product from fluorine-based plasma using a Surface Technology Systems multiplex-pro air-bearing etch (ABE). The morphology of the re-deposition and the composite element was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical bonding results were characterised via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflected infrared spectroscopy and visible Raman spectroscopy. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate a modification of AlF3re-deposition
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resist film removal"

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Mercadier, Thomas. "Retrait particulaire par étalement et retrait d’un film de résine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALT095.

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Les étapes de retrait de la contamination particulaire sont cruciales pour l’industrie de la microélectronique afin de maximiser le pourcentage de circuit intégré fonctionnel en fin de fabrication. Cependant, les techniques conventionnelles de retrait particulaire peuvent s’avérer incompatibles avec des structures complexes et fragiles car leur application peut potentiellement causer des dommages physiques. Un procédé innovant basé sur l’étalement temporaire d’un film de résine est étudié dans ce manuscrit. Le principe est fondé sur le décollement du film de résine qui entraine le retrait de l
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Massa, Márcia Gomes. "Avaliação de restaurações adesivas bulk fill em molares decíduos após remoção seletiva de tecido cariado : ensaio clínico controlado randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179728.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho clínico de restaurações bulk fill em indivíduos com molares decíduos submetidos à RSTC (remoção seletiva de tecido cariado) durante 12 meses de acompanhamento. 62 indivíduos (idade média de 5.9 anos ± 1.74) com no mínimo um molar com lesão cavitada ativa profunda em dentina foram incluídos na pesquisa. 144 molares decíduos foram randomicamente divididos em 2 grupos de material restaurador: Resina Filtek Bulk Fill (grupo teste=FBF) ou Vitremer (grupo controle= CIVMR). Os procedimentos restauradores foram realizados por 2 dentistas especialistas
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Book chapters on the topic "Resist film removal"

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Yokota, T., T. Hashimoto, M. Otsuka, M. Nobutoki, and T. Ueki. "Twist Compression Welding of Aluminum." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000446.

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Diffusion welding of metallic materials requires contact of clean surfaces by removing surface films. However, there is microscopic unevenness on the surfaces and they are covered with oxide layers, absorbed gas layers, contaminating substance layers, etc. Welding is prevented by this unevenness and by these surface films and it is the stability of the surface films, in particular, which affects welding. Aluminium is regarded as a particularly difficult material for diffusion welding since it has a highly stable strong oxide film. Hence, to weld aluminium, it is necessary to remove this stable
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Rankine Kirralee J. and Sivakugan Nagaratnam. "Drainage characteristics and behaviour of hydraulically placed mine fill and fill barricades." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-579.

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To efficiently remove valuable minerals from large scale underground mining operations, the orebody is often divided into a series of stopes. The stopes are blasted, the rock removed for processing, and the large void created is backfilled with a slurry made from the by-product of the mineral processing activity. Underground failures have occured as a result of poor drainage of excess water from the backfill. The permeability of hydraulic fill is typically between 10-30 mm/hr (much less than industry specification), and yet many mines using these fills have operated successfully for many years
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Suslov, A. A. "Metallic Coatings for Brazing Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000447.

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Because of their high specific strength and satisfactory corrosion resistance, aluminum alloys belong to the group of fundamental structural materials in modern engineering. Their wide use has been made possible as a result of developing advanced methods of processing and producing permanent joints by welding or brazing. However, the application of brazing aluminum alloys is limited because of the problems in removing the strong and chemically resistant oxide film. These problems can be overcome by using metallic coatings which themselves do not oxidize during heating in vacuum and, when depos
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Broomfield-McHugh, Dominic. "“Hard to Replace”." In The Oxford Handbook of the Hollywood Musical. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197503423.013.22.

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Abstract The critical response to the re-pairing of beloved song-and-dance team Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers a decade after their ninth and final film for RKO, The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle (1939), was overwhelmingly positive. Yet although it is obvious that the film needs to be read through the lens of the Astaire-Rogers partnership, the project was commissioned for a quite different pairing. Freed was so delighted by the combination of perhaps his two favorite performers, Astaire and Judy Garland, in Easter Parade (1948) that he immediately asked screenwriters Betty Comden and Adolp
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Jönsson, Alexander, Giacomo Carlo Ferdinando Aliboni, Christina Windmark, and Jan-Eric Ståhl. "Strategies for Effective Chip Management in Machining of Ductile Cast Iron." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde240153.

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A continuously growing and mutating market with increasing demands on environmental sustainability, illuminated by unraveling environmental threats, highlights the need for greater resource efficiency in modern manufacturing industries. Machining has become pivotal in the pursuit of sustainability given its superior efficiency in manufacturing of metallic products. In theory, the efficiency of a machining operation is dictated by the material removal rate and chip formation behavior. However, this may also present additional challenges as chips can be difficult to evacuate from the workpiece,
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Mee, Laura. "Genre and Themes." In The Shining. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325444.003.0004.

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This chapter explores the themes of Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980). The Shining, in its themes of family trauma and domestic violence, racial and class tension, all connected through the film's approach to the horror of history, has been criticised for seemingly reducing the supernatural focus of Stephen King's book and replacing it with a more human evil. Like these varied themes and any one of the potential alternative readings, however, the emphasis is ultimately left to the viewer's subjective interpretation. The result, as ever, is the uncertain tone which emphasises the film's horr
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Sengupta, Atanu, and Anirban Hazra. "Growth Theory." In Strategic Infrastructure Development for Economic Growth and Social Change. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7470-7.ch007.

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In this chapter, the authors discuss how the modern thinking of growth starts from the classicists. To the classical economists, limitedness of resources is the limit to growth. Neo-classicists transplanted the natural resources with the producible means of production – capital. Limitedness of resources is removed but it is replaced by the limitedness of operational structure – the firm size. The result is the diminishing returns to capital1 that shape the frontier growth. New growth theorists introduce the concept of generating “ideas” – involving human endeavour with its intellect. This is h
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Beck, Hermann. "Reactions of Hitler’s Conservative Coalition Partner." In Before the Holocaust. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865076.003.0015.

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Abstract Given the vested interest conservatives had evinced in the Prussian/German State and the fact that they had closely identified themselves with the Reich and its political fate since the nineteenth century, some German Jews erroneously assumed in 1933 that Hitler’s conservative alliance partner, the DNVP, might resist what the prominent Weimar German Jewish journalist Georg Bernhard once called “the implementation of Nazi’s racial idiocies.” This hope that conservatives would temper Nazi antisemitism and act as a brake on the realization of its antisemitic program was futile. As this c
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Hoskisson, Robert E., and Michael A. Hitt. "Corporate Governance and Diversification." In Downscoping. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078435.003.0003.

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Abstract In chapter 2 we discussed the historical development of General Motors and some of the latest changes in management structure. As a result of the restructuring initiated by Stempel before he was forced to step down, by the year 1994 GM expects to close 21 plants and lay off approximately 74,000 employees. Many of these plant closings and employee layoffs will occur in their domestic U.S. auto operations. However, even with these significant changes, the board of directors became restless because of the continued huge losses of net profit, particularly in the North American operations.
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DUARTE ALVARENGA DE MELLO RIBEIRO, ELZA MARIA. "O IMPACTO DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOS PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUAS." In Formação de Professores (Vol. 03). Editora Realize, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/x.conedu.2024.gt01.025.

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Um país que não coloca na Educação esforços e recursos necessários para o pleno desenvolvimento da área está fadado ao fracasso. Destacar a formação docente no cenário educacional precisa ser uma das metas governamentais. Não tem como a formação de professores melhorar sem que se mude a percepção e o papel do estágio supervisionado durante essa fase tão importante da vida de um docente. Na tentativa de aproximar universidade e sala de aula, professor universitário e professor regente, estágio e licenciatura é que surge a iniciativa de oferta do Curso Livre de Extensão (CLE) oferecido pelo IFRJ
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Conference papers on the topic "Resist film removal"

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Kattan, R., and JF Fletcher. "The Problem with Meeting Dry Film Thickness Specifications." In SSPC 2015 Greencoat. SSPC, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2015-00018.

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Abstract Over recent years there have been interesting developments in the way marine coatings and linings are specified that have unwittingly resulted in a situation that can make it challenging to meet a paint specification as currently written. Firstly, there has always been a challenge in meeting a paint specification because of the subjective nature of some of the inspection assessments such as a visual assessment of surface cleanliness, rust and mill scale removal, dust removal, etc. Secondly, up to 2008, the shipbuilding boom and the strong market for shipping had seen a considerable de
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Weaver, Carl E., and Ginger Curtis. "The Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry in Industrial Chemical Cleaning." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98337.

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Abstract The loss of efficiency and throughput of refinery and petrochemical processes as a result of the buildup of organic and inorganic scales, films, or fouling deposits on the internal surfaces of the process equipment is a costly problem. Refiners enlist the aid of industrial cleaning services to remove these fouling deposits to regain this loss of efficiency and reduce operating costs. Both mechanical and chemical techniques are utilized in the removal of these deposits. A key principle in successful industrial chemical cleaning is to identify the organic binders for these fouling depos
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Chen, Jianfeng, John R. Shadley, and Edmund F. Rybicki. "Activation / Repassivation Behavior of 13Cr in CO2 and Sand Environments Using a Modified Electrochemical Noise Technique." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02494.

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Abstract While 13Cr is commonly used in highly corrosive CO2 environments in the oil and gas industry, the behavior of 13Cr in a combined CO2 corrosion and sand erosion environment is not well understood. Key questions include, under what conditions will sand remove the passive oxide layer and how quickly is it repassivated? In order to understand the activation/repassivation behavior of 13Cr in real time, a modified electrochemical noise technique called the electrochemical emission spectroscopy (EES) is employed. Initial results indicate that the EES technique can provide real time informati
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DeLong, E. W. "Boiler Chemical Cleaning Experience at Northern Indiana Public Service Company." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85180.

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Abstract The electric utility industry operates several different types of steam generators under various operating conditions. During normal operations, deposits build up in the steam generators which are removed periodically by chemical cleaning. These deposits are a result of condenser in-leakage, boiler water chemistry excursions, inadequate boiler storage procedures, the amount of air inleakage, and the number of boiler start-ups. Failure to remove these deposits results in boiler tube overheat and failure. Each type of utility boiler is cleaned in a slightly different manner. Drum type b
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Mansfeld, F., and Y. Wang. "Corrosion Protection of High-Copper Aluminum Alloys Using Green Technology." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95041.

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Abstract The concept of surface modification as a new method of corrosion protection using chemicals without toxic problems is described for the Al alloys Al 6061, Al 7075-T6 and Al 2024-T3. In the Ce-Mo process Ce and Mo are incorporated into the original oxide film by chemical and electrochemical processes. The resulting surfaces are resistant to pitting in aggressive solutions such as 0.5 N NaCl. Surface modified Al 6013 has passed the salt spray test according to ASTM B 117. For Al 6061 and 7075, hot solutions of CeCl3 and Ce(NO3)3 are used, while for Al 2024 CeCl3 is replaced by Ce acetat
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Chang, Y. M., and C. H. Pitt. "Corrosive -Erosive Wear of Grinding Ball Metals at High Jet Velocities." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86232.

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Abstract Erosive/corrosive wear of two types of grinding ball metal alloys has been studied by means of an electrochemically instrumented jet slurry apparatus. Quartz particles of −100 to +200 mesh and less than 200 mesh were utilized in the jet slurries under varying conditions of pH, jet velocity, and temperature under either oxygen or nitrogen aeration. At low jetting velocities protective films were not completely removed and increasing pH resulted in lower corrosion rates while at high jetting velocities the protective films were removed and increasing pH resulted in increased corrosion.
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Rincon, H., J. Chen, and J. Shadley. "Erosion Corrosion Phenomena of 13Cr Alloy in Flows Containing Sand Particles." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02493.

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Abstract Three different techniques have been used to study the behavior of 13Cr alloy in a flowing CO2 saturated NaCl brine containing sand particles, namely weight loss, thickness loss and electrochemical techniques. The penetration rates by weight loss for erosion-corrosion tests were 2 to 3 times the pure erosion rate for similar sand concentrations for both single phase and multiphase flow. However for the single-phase flow conditions the erosion-corrosion penetration rates may be seen as acceptable taking into account the high levels of sand used in the testing. For higher flow velocity
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Chi, Sangki, and Mohammed Alrudayni. "The Study on Double Heating Effect of FBE Coated Internal Girth Welds in Line Pipes." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00446.

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Abstract Nearly all girth weld coating applications are executed in the field after joining pipes. However, field girth weld coating application is an extreme challenge to ensure coating quality during construction even though robotic crawler or semi-auto technology is deployed. Thus, sometimes coating defects are observed during final inspection. Once the inspection result is out of acceptance criteria, the coating film must be removed and re-coated per proponent requirements. In addition, the construction schedule will be suspended by re-work. In this study, we’ve simulated re-coating condit
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Dean, F. W. H., and S. W. Powell. "A Laboratory Study of Types of Corrosion Inducing Hydrogen Premeation through Steel." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04472.

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Abstract This work investigates aqueous corrosion scenarios of industrial interest which induce hydrogen permeation through steel at 20-25 °C, and which are therefore amenable to hydrogen flux monitoring of steel corrosion at ambient temperatures. Initially, it was established that hydrogen flux exiting steel as a result of corrosion induced steady state hydrogen entry at the opposing surface was increased some by removal of air-formed thick oxide films, mitigated by the in-filling of hydrogen traps produced thereby. This informed the development of a procedure for sequentially exposing one fa
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Lemieux, Edward J., Robert Bayles, Theresa M. Newbauer, and Keith E. Lucas. "Evaluation of Descaling Chemicals for Use with Titanium, Alloy 625, and Nickel Copper Alloy Heat Exchanger and Piping System Components." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06289.

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Abstract Scaling and macro-fouling experienced by seawater cooling system components aboard U.S. Navy ships results in extensive downtime and manpower expenditures. Previous research conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory in Key West, FL (NRLKW) determined that cleaning of copper-nickel with descaling solution does in fact remove the passive/oxide film, which naturally forms in flowing natural seawater on these alloys. However, this does not result in significantly higher corrosion rates and the passive/oxide film’s regrowth is not obstructed. The current research was to determine the effe
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Reports on the topic "Resist film removal"

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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, et al. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PE
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Christman. L51577 Prediction of SCC Susceptibility Based on Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe Steels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010278.

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If a relationship between the deformation properties of a line pipe steel and its stress-corrosion cracking resistance can be established, then steels may be selected or designed for improved stress-corrosion resistance, based on their mechanical properties. Benefit: In this research program three line pipe steels, removed from long-term service, were examined to determine if there is a correlation between their mechanical properties and stress-corrosion cracking resistance. The hypothesis was that the steel with the greatest tendency for strain hardening, under cyclic and monotonic stress con
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Datta, Sandip, and Geeta Gandhi Kingdon. The Myth and Reality of Teacher Shortage in India: An Investigation Using 2019-20 Data. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/072.

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This paper examines the widespread perception in India that the country has an acute teacher shortage of about one million teachers in public elementary schools, a view repeated in India’s National Education Policy 2020. Using official DISE data, we show that teacher vacancies cannot be equated with teacher shortages: while the number of teacher vacancies (in teacher-deficit schools) is 766,487, the number of teacher surpluses (in surplus-teacher schools) is 520,141, giving a net deficit of only 246,346 teachers in the country. Secondly, removing estimated fake student numbers from enrolment d
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