Academic literature on the topic 'Robert Frost'

Chicken-farmer, shoe-worker, bobbin-boy, messenger, teacher, journalist, leather-worker, poet, student, cultural ambassador, berry-picker, lecturer. Such a list does not even exhaust Robert Frost's occupations, let alone his ambitions. In fact, when he writes in “Two Tramps in Mud Time” thatMy object in living is to uniteMy avocation and my vocationAs my two eyes make one in sightit is tempting to see here a sly joke at his own expense. For Frost had so many vocations and avocations that they are well-nigh impossible to combine in any clear-sighted unity. “No poet in this century has written more poems involving more different kinds of work than Frost,” writes William H. Pritchard, before going on to list some of the jobs which Frost found and abandoned between 1885 and 1892. Even the many jobs he did do were insufficient to content him. “I should have been an archaeologist,” he wrote to A. J. Armstrong in 1943 and though Frost as an extremely successful poet might allow himself that ironic wistfulness, he was not being merely whimsical. If some of his family were drawn into the darker sides of his poetry, then they also enacted a few of his brighter dreams. Welcoming Willard E. Fraser as a new son-in-law in 1932, Frost proposes not one but four desired careers.

Robert Frost is often regarded as a highly esteemed poet within the realm of modern and current American literature. Frosts poem appears straightforward but is actually quite intricate. Furthermore, Frosts poetic works are characterised by a rich tapestry of imagery that adds to their overall intricacy. Moreover, Frosts poetry exhibits a substantial presence of tree imagery. A variety of trees exhibit distinct behaviours, like falling to the ground, emitting sounds, or remaining in a state of quiet. Furthermore, these trees manifest diverse forms and dimensions. This study focuses on three selected poems by Frost, namely The Sound of the Trees, On a Tree Fallen Across the Road, and Tree at My Window. The objective is to examine the intricate employment of tree imagery in Frosts poetry through the lens of analysing poetic imagery. Upon careful examination, it has been shown that the intricacy of the tree imagery in Frosts poems can be attributed to two distinct factors. Initially, Frost undertakes a division of the tree, a whole entity, into two distinct components, each symbolising distinct concepts of liberation and restriction. This deliberate act enhances the depth of the underlying symbolism. Another factor to consider is that the depiction of tree is not fixed, but rather undergoes transformations as time progresses.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2016.
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O presente procura concretizar a tradução para o português brasileiro de um total de 19 poemas de Robert Frost, de acordo com um projeto de integração dos elementos formais mais característicos de sua poesia na tradução. Para tanto, uma análise da escansão dos versos em inglês é empreendida, tomando por base a obra de Pires-de-Mello (PIRES-DE-MELLO, 2001), para que possa ser feita uma comparação entre as formas de escansão de poesia nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. A proposta baseia-se na ideia de tradução do ritmo do texto literário de Meschonnic (MESCHONNIC, 1999) e na incorporação de elementos estrangeiros ao texto traduzido de Berman (BERMAN, 2012). Uma apresentação do poeta e de sua obra é feita inicialmente, a ver quais são as características que o definem e que deverão, certamente, ser mantidas quando de uma tradução de seus textos. Entre a apresentação e a análise, uma seção é dedicada à discussão sobre a intradutibilidade da poesia, argumentando em seu favor, ainda que admitindo, como apresentado ao final do trabalho, a possibilidade de uma intradutibilidade tópica ou circunstancial, segundo o termo cunhado por Mário Laranjeira (LARANJEIRA, 1993). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This study seeks to present a translation into Brazilian Portuguese of 19 poems by Robert Frost, pursuant to a project whose aim is to integrate the formal elements most characteristic of his work into the translated texts. To that intent, the poems have been analysed as to their metrical patterns with the book by Pires-de-Mello (PIRES-DE-MELLO, 2001) as a parametre for comparison. The proposal is based on the idea of translation of rhythm in literary texts by Meschonnic (MESCHONNIC, 1999) and on the ncorporation of foreign elements into the translation by Berman (BERMAN, 2012). With that in mind, a presentation of the poet is made and his work, so that the main characteristics of his poetry, the ones that should be retained in translation can be brought to the fore. Between this introduction and the analysis of formal elements, a discussion on the supposed untranslatability of poetry is included, arguing against it, despite admitting the possibility raised by Mario Laranjeira (LARANJEIRA, 1993) of topical or circumstantial unstranslatability in poetry.

Du recueil A Boy’s Will (1913) au recueil In the Clearing (1962), l’œuvre du poète américain Robert Frost (1874-1963) déploie sa réflexion sur le concept d’écart, et le présente comme principe majeur de son esthétique et de sa stratégie d’écriture. Utilisant une approche fondée sur la micro-lecture des poèmes, cette thèse entend mettre en lumière la richesse d'une thématique frostienne qui permet de repenser la dialectique entre centre et marge à différents niveaux d'analyse : cette dialectique semble à l’œuvre non seulement dans la représentation poétique des espaces nord-américains mais aussi dans le rapport des textes à l'espace métaphorique du canon, ainsi que dans l'ambiguë mise en scène du sujet dans son rapport aux espaces intime, social et politique. Nous souhaitons montrer que le poète et les personae multiples qu’il adopte au fil des recueils privilégient un positionnement détaché, qui n’est ni complètement au centre ni complètement à l’écart, mais pour ainsi dire dans l’écart. Cette position de léger retrait, à la fois sereine et équilibriste, dessine ainsi un triple autoportrait du poète. Il fait le portrait d’un artiste chez qui la tension entre tradition et modernité, entre formes fixes et libre expérimentation, relève d'une position compliquée et féconde, qui permet à Frost de se situer à la fois à l'intérieur et légèrement à l'écart du genre de la poésie pastorale ; d'autre part, il esquisse le portrait « bougé » d'un sujet en mouvement au sein du paysage de Nouvelle-Angleterre, sujet que des tentatives d’ancrage dans certains territoires installent dans une position de voisinage méfiant avec son prochain, à la fois contre les autres et tout contre eux. Enfin, l’œuvre laisse apparaître en filigrane l’autoportrait d’un Américain utilisant la stratégie de l’écart dans l’habile mise en scène de sa propre iconisation
From the collection A Boy’s Will (1913) to the collection In the Clearing (1962), the works of American poet Robert Frost (1874-1963) can be viewed as a reflection on the concept of deviation, presenting it as a major principle in his aesthetics and writing strategy. This doctoral dissertation provides a close reading of many poems, with a view to highlighting the highly seminal quality of the Frostian theme of the slight deviation, which allows one to rethink the dialectic between the center and the margins at different levels of analysis. This dialectic appears not only in the poetic representation of North American space, but also in the established connection between the texts and the metaphorical space of the canon, as well as in the ambiguous presentation of the poetic figure in relation to the intimate, social or political spheres. We wish to show that the poet together with the multiple personae that he uses in the collected poems, favor a specific vantage point, a detached position which is neither in the center nor completely in the margin, but rather within the limits delineated by some deviation. This slightly withdrawn position, which is both dispassionate and perilous, sketches out a triple self-portrait of the poet. It is the self-portrait of an artist for whom the tension between tradition and modernity, between fixed forms and free poetic experiments, creates a complicated but fertile position which allows Frost to position himself both within, and slightly on the margin of, the genre of pastoral poetry. Frost's poems also depict the portrait of a moving poetic figure in the New England landscape, a figure who is put, because of his attempts at settling in certain territories, in a situation where neighbors are both aware and wary of each other. Lastly, the poems could be regarded as the self-portrait of an American posturing as a marginal figure in the skillful staging of his own iconization

This paper examines the way in which Robert Frost incorporates Dantean ideas and imagery into his poetry, particularly in relation to the pursuit of reason and truth. Similarly to Dante, Frost portrays human reason as limited. Both authors nevertheless present truth as a desire that often drives people’s journey through life. Frost differs from Dante by dwelling in apparent contradictions rather than appealing to a clarifying divine light. The paper considers themes of loss, human labor, suffering, and justice, and it also analyzes Scriptural and Platonic inspirations. It focuses on the image of the journey used by both Frost and Dante to describe the experience of living and exploring ideas.

Orientador: Eric Mitchell Sabinson
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho de tradução comentada da poesia e da prosa de Robert Frost (1874-1963) está dividido em duas partes. A primeira consiste em uma introdução sobre a vida e a obra do poeta e parte do pressuposto de que a compreensão do papel específico do trabalho na vida do autor é fundamental para a compreensão de sua teoria poética e se constitui como referência importante para o trabalho de tradução de sua obra. Além disto, faz uma discussão da visita de Frost ao Brasil, em 1954, e uma avaliação das traduções já existentes em português. Na segunda, encontra-se uma antologia contendo tradução e comentários sobre os dois ensaios mais significativos de sua prosa e uma seleção de poemas de seus livros
Abstract: This dissertation is a translation with commentary of the prose and poetry of Robert Frost. Parting from the supposition that labor plays the primary role for the understanding of the poet's work, the introductory sections of the dissertation present a review of the life and work of the poet, along with a discussion of his visit to Brazil in 1954. The reader will also find a full discussion of the published translations of the poet's work into Portuguese. The second part of the dissertation consists of an anthology of the poet' s two principal essays and 32 poems selected from each of Frost's published volumes. Particular attentiQn has been paid to selecting poems, the thematics of which take up work in relation to human consciousness and perception
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

A presente pesquisa propõe uma tradução comentada de A Boys Will, livro de estréia do poeta americano Robert Frost. Ela se divide em dois momentos, o primeiro, introdutório, visa elucidar o motivo da escolha do autor e da obra traduzida, percorrendo um breve histórico das raras traduções que o poeta recebeu em língua portuguesa. Além disso, discorre sobre o método utilizado para a recriação de sua poesia, apoiando-se nas teorias de Haroldo de Campos. O segundo momento apresenta os trinta e dois poemas da edição de 1915 do livro de Frost, recriados em português, e com comentários específicos sobre os desafios enfrentados durante o processo de tradução e as soluções encontradas pelo tradutor.
This research proposes a commented translation of A Boy\'s Will, the first published book by American poet Robert Frost. The work is divided into two phases, the first, an introduction, aims to elucidate the reason for the choice of the author and the translated book, covering a brief history of the few translations that the poet received in Portuguese. In addition, it discusses the method used for the recreation of his poetry, relying on the theories of Haroldo de Campos. The second stage brings the thirty-two poems from the 1915 edition of Frost\'s book, recreated in Portuguese, and specific comments on the challenges faced during the process of translation and the solutions that have been found by the translator.

Recife is a prominent front-runner for climate policymaking in Brazil, having formulated robust plans and strategies at the city scale. The next step is to overcome the gap between strategic planning and local action at the neighbourhood scale. Historically, urban development in Recife has been marked by social inequalities. To ensure social inclusion and justice in climate action, it is critical to open up governance structures to include bottom-up, community-based approaches and incentivize co-production of urban space between governmental and non-governmental actors. Climate action can build on opportunities to also tackle inequalities in Recife, prioritizing the most vulnerable communities. To support this goal, social indicators can be used next to traditional emissions data to assess how transformative climate action is in the city. The climate agenda should be mainstreamed into urban development in Recife, particularly in the context of upgrading informal and low-income settlements. Capacity development and awareness raising activities drawing on local expertise, knowledge and practices can facilitate that.

The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.

Because autonomous vehicles (AVs) equipped with active front steering have the features of time varying, uncertainties, high rate of fault, and high burden on the in-vehicle networks, this article studies the adaptive robust control problem for improving lateral stability in steer-by-wire (SBW) vehicles in the presence of abrupt nonlinear faults. First, an upper-level robust H∞ controller is designed to obtain the desired front-wheel steering angle for driving both the yaw rate and the sideslip angle to reach their correct values. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modeling method, which has shown the extraordinary ability in coping with the issue of nonlinear, is applied to deal with the challenge of the changing longitudinal velocity. The output of the upper controller can be calculated by a parallel distributed compensation (PDC) scheme. Then an event-triggered adaptive fault-tolerant lower controller (ET-AFTC) is proposed to drive the whole SBW system driving the desired steering angle offered by the upper controller with fewer communication resources and strong robustness. By employing a backstepping technique, the tracking performance is improved. The dynamic surface control (DSC) approach is used to avoid the problem of repeated differentiations, and Nussbaum function is adopted to overcome the difficulty of unknown nonlinear control gain. Both the stability of the upper and lower controllers can be guaranteed by Lyapunov functions. Finally, the simulations of Matlab/Simulink are given to show that the proposed control strategy is effectively able to deal with the abrupt nonlinear fault via less communication resources and perform better in ensuring the yaw stability of the vehicle.

A large proportion of the world’s remaining high-biodiversity and carbon-rich lands, forests and waters are held by Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples, and a robust body of evidence demonstrates the positive environmental outcomes of their governance of these resources. Growing recognition of these roles and contributions is reflected in a range of international commitments, such as the new language on the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities adopted in the Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), commitments regarding Indigenous and community rights in international forest and climate initiatives, and significant funding pledges from climate and conservation donors. However, translating this emerging support into tangible actions with clear and practical meaning for local peoples remains a serious challenge. Long histories of colonialism, dispossession and fortress conservation have marginalized the rights, governance and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, leaving persistent structural barriers that risk undermining global efforts to advance human rights-based approaches to climate and conservation. While paradigms have begun to change, more deliberate and concerted actions will be needed to overcome these barriers and elevate rights and community leadership in responses to the global environmental crisis. Without such transformations, the push to achieve climate and biodiversity goals risks following well-established top-down pathways, leading to further marginalization of those on the front lines, the continued infringement of their rights, and failure to stem climate change and biodiversity loss.