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Journal articles on the topic 'Rockshelters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ranhorn, Kathryn, and Christian A. Tryon. "New Radiocarbon Dates from Nasera Rockshelter (Tanzania): Implications for Studying Spatial Patterns in Late Pleistocene Technology." Journal of African Archaeology 16, no. 2 (2018): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20180011.

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AbstractLate Pleistocene and Holocene evidence from multiple rockshelters in north-central Tanzania suggests a regional pattern of changing technological behaviors through time. We use independent chronological evidence to test if the proposed technological patterns across space were also temporally equivalent. We applied AMS radiocarbon dating methods to the carbonate fraction of five ostrich eggshell fragments from Mehlman’s 1975-1976 excavations at Nasera rockshelter and compared our results to recent re-dating efforts of Mumba rockshelter. We document radiocarbon results >46 ka at Naser

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2

Otero, Julieta Gómez. "The Function of Small Rockshelters in the Magallanes IV Phase Settlement System (South Patagonia)." Latin American Antiquity 4, no. 4 (1993): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972071.

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Though most archaeological sites studied in South Patagonia are caves and rockshelters, archaeologists have not discussed the function of these sites in the context of a regional settlement system. Research in two small rockshelters with cultural assemblages dating to the Magallanes IV phase allowed me to recognize that it was almost impossible to interpret rockshelter function by applying some settlement-system models. The models of Binford and of Borrero had failed to explain how, despite the small size of these sites and the small number of cultural materials recovered from them, there was

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3

Michael, Amy R. "Histological Analysis of Dentition in Rockshelter Burials from Two Sites in Central Belize." Dental Anthropology Journal 29, no. 1 (2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v29i1.33.

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Objectives: Investigations of dental health in the Maya region have frequently focused on individualsburied at urban sites rather than in peripheral or intermediary zones. This study presents a dental analysisof a different type of mortuary sample, those persons buried in two non-elite peripheral rockshelters, in CentralBelize using a combined dental micro- and macrodefect approach to interpret health experience. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 teeth (permanent mandibular canines, and mandibular and maxillarythird molars) from the two sites were assessed for dental caries, enamel hypoplas

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Walthall, John A. "Rockshelters and Hunter-Gatherer Adaptation to the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition." American Antiquity 63, no. 2 (1998): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694695.

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A major focus of archaeological field investigations over the past four decades in eastern North America has been the excavation of rockshelters. Many of the Southern highland rockshelters investigated during this period yielded evidence of initial occupations by Dalton horizon (10,500 to 10,000 B.P.) hunter-gatherers. Data concerning the Dalton components from a sample of 45 of these shelters are reviewed and discussed in order to identify variability in site functions and to address the question, Why were Dalton peoples the first North American hunter-gatherers to systematically inhabit rock

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5

Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Bruno David, Jean-Michel Geneste, et al. "The social construction of caves and rockshelters: Chauvet Cave (France) and Nawarla Gabarnmang (Australia)." Antiquity 87, no. 335 (2013): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00048596.

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Caves and rockshelters are a key component of the archaeological record but are often regarded as natural places conveniently exploited by human communities. Archaeomorphological study shows however that they are not inert spaces but have frequently been modified by human action, sometimes in ways that imply a strong symbolic significance. In this paper the concept of ‘aménagement’, the re-shaping of a material space or of elements within it, is applied to Chauvet Cave in France and Nawarla Gabarnmang rockshelter in Australia. Deep within Chauvet Cave, fallen blocks were moved into position to

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6

Homsey-Messer, Lara. "Revisiting the Role of Caves and Rockshelters in the Hunter-Gatherer Taskscape of the Archaic Midsouth." American Antiquity 80, no. 2 (2015): 332–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.332.

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This paper evaluates previous models of cave and rockshelter use in the American Midsouth from the Early to the Middle Archaic periods. Four sites are compared in order to identify variability in activities, seasonality, occupation intensity, and function. Focus is placed on using the often overlooked feature assemblages to discern these activities. Data suggest that the changing use of many caves and rockshelters is not one of longer term occupation as base camps, as has been previously argued, but rather as specialized field camps dedicated to the processing of mast resources. This shift tak

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7

Raber, Paul A. "Preface: Rockshelters in Anthropological Perspective." North American Archaeologist 31, no. 3 (2010): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.31.3-4.a.

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8

Gunn, R. G. "Wooden Artefacts from Gariwerd Rockshelters, Western Victoria." Australian Archaeology 68, no. 1 (2009): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2009.11681886.

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9

Araujo, Astolfo G. M., Walter A. Neves, and Renato Kipnis. "Lagoa Santa Revisited: An Overview of the Chronology, Subsistence, and Material Culture of Paleoindian Sites in Eastern Central Brazil." Latin American Antiquity 23, no. 4 (2012): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.23.4.533.

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AbstractLagoa Santa, a karstic area in eastern Central Brazil, has been subject to research on human paleontology and archaeology for 175 years. Almost 300 Paleoindian human skeletons have been found since Danish naturalist Peter Lund’s pioneering work. Even so, some critical issues such as the role of rockshelters in settlement systems, and the possible paleoclimatic implications of the peopling of the region have yet to be addressed. We present some results obtained from recent excavations at four rockshelters and two open-air sites, new dates for human Paleoindian skeletons, and a model to

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10

Fontugne, Michel, Qingfeng Shao, Norbert Frank, François Thil, Niède Guidon, and Eric Boeda. "Cross-Dating (Th/U-14C) of Calcite Covering Prehistoric Paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, Piaui, Brazil." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048104.

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The question of when the first humans arrived in the New World has been a bone of contention for several decades. Similarly, the age of rock paintings has been heatedly debated. Settlements in the Serra da Capivara National Park have been dated to between 5 kyr and >50 kyr, which is far older than the Clovis barrier. Moreover, calcite formation on a rock-wall painting in a rockshelter yielded thermoluminescence (TL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ages older than 35 kyr BP (Watanabe et al. 2003). In an attempt to contribute to this ongoing debate, we have studied calcite deposits

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11

Fugassa, M. H., and R. S. Petrigh. "Apex Predators, Rockshelters, and Zoonoses in the Patagonian Holocene." Journal of Parasitology 103, no. 6 (2017): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/17-45.

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12

Wallis, Lynley A., and Jacqueline Matthews. "Built structures in rockshelters of the Pilbara, Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum 31, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.31(1).2016.001-026.

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13

Millerstrom, S., and P. V. Kirch. "Petroglyphs of Kahikinui, Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Rock Images within a Polynesian Settlement Landscape." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 70 (2004): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001134.

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We report on the recording and analysis of 17 petroglyph or pictograph sites, containing a total of 168 glyphic units, carried out as part of a large scale survey of the ancient district (moku) of Kahikinui, on south-eastern Maui Island, Hawaiian Islands. In contrast with previous studies which have tended to view Hawaiian petroglyphs as divorced from their larger archaeological context, we analyse and interpret this corpus in terms of a landscape-level settlement analysis. The Kahikinui petroglyphs exhibit a regular and limited range of motifs, with certain styles of anthropomorphs and zoomor

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14

Dering, Phil. "Earth-Oven Plant Processing in Archaic Period Economies: An Example from a Semi-Arid Savannah in South-Central North America." American Antiquity 64, no. 4 (1999): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694211.

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AbstractModels of Archaic period economy in the Lower Pecos River region of southwest Texas and Coahuila, Mexico, are based primarily on coprolite, faunal, and macroplant analysis of materials recovered from rockshelters. The models maintain that during the Middle Archaic period residential mobility is reduced and tethered to rockshelters in canyons near water, and diet dominated by the plant resources lechuguilla (Agave lechuguilla), sotol (Dasylirion texanum), and prickly pear (Opuntia spp.). I use archaeobotanical analysis and actualistic studies to determine the contents of earth-oven feat

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15

Burns, Jonathan A., and Paul A. Raber. "Rockshelters in Behavioral Context: Archaeological Perspectives from Eastern North America." North American Archaeologist 31, no. 3 (2010): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.31.3-4.b.

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16

Hughes, Philip, Gary Quartermaine, and Jacqueline Harris. "Pleistocene Rockshelters J23 and J24, Mesa J, Pilbara, Western Australia." Australian Archaeology 73, no. 1 (2011): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2011.11961924.

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17

Galanidou, N., and P. C. Tzedakis. "New AMS dates from Upper Palaeolithic Kastritsa." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 67 (2001): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001699.

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Thirty-four years ago there appeared in the Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society the third and final paper in a series reporting the research of Eric Higgs and his colleagues into the climate, environment, and Stone Age record of north-west Greece (Higgs et al. 1967). This paper discussed two limestone rockshelters, Kastritsa and Asprochaliko, comparatively in what is now a classic example of site catchment analysis. Kastritsa, in the Pamvotis lake basin, and Asprochaliko, some 35 km away in the Louros river valley (Fig. 1), were destined to become famous, not only for being amongst the firs

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18

Burns, Jonathan A. "Interpreting Prehistoric Human Behavior at Rockshelters from Sub-Meter Spatial Data." North American Archaeologist 31, no. 3 (2010): 333–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.31.3-4.e.

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19

Mardaga-Campbell, Mireille. "Prehistoric Living-Floors and Evidence for them in North Queensland Rockshelters." Australian Archaeology 23, no. 1 (1986): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1986.12093077.

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20

Hansen, Julie. "Macroscopic plant remains from Mediterranean caves and rockshelters: Avenues of interpretation." Geoarchaeology 16, no. 4 (2001): 401–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.1010.

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21

Balme, Jane, and Wendy E. Beck. "Starch and Charcoal: Useful Measures of Activity Areas in Archaeological Rockshelters." Journal of Archaeological Science 29, no. 2 (2002): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0700.

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22

Simonetti, Javier A., and Luis E. Cornejo. "Archaeological Evidence of Rodent Consumption in Central Chile." Latin American Antiquity 2, no. 1 (1991): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971897.

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We analyzed the remains of small mammals from two rockshelters in the pre-Andean mountains of central Chile. A significant fraction of the remains exhibited evidence of burning. Burned remains were present from 4460 to 1520 B.P. and belong to rodent species of large body size and weight that are either diurnal or colonial. We suggest that rodents were a constant food item for humans in central Chile, and that rodent species were selected based on body size and conspicuousness.

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23

Cherkinsky, Alexander, and Savino di Lernia. "Bayesian Approach to 14C Dates for Estimation of Long-Term Archaeological Sequences in Arid Environments: The Holocene Site of Takarkori Rockshelter, Southwest Libya." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057933.

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Caves and rockshelters are critical loci for the analysis and understanding of human trajectories in the past. Use and re-uses of the same context, however, might have had serious impacts on depositional aspects. This is particularly true for the archaeological history of desert environments, such as the central Sahara, where most of the deposits are made of loose sand, rich in organic matter. Besides traditional stratigraphic reconstructions and a detailed study of the material culture, radiocarbon measurements from different contexts analyzing several types of material (bone, dried and charr

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24

Cannon, Kenneth, and Molly Cannon. "Looking for a Long-Term Record in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: The 2010 Field Season at The Stinking Springs Rockshelter, Teton County, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 33 (January 1, 2011): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2011.3791.

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The mountainous environment of northwestern Wyoming is not known for the preservation of organic remains, specifically that of vertebrate species. The paucity of vertebrate remains has hampered the ability of researchers to understand the evolution of the Quaternary mammalian community, which is in sharp contrast to the detailed understanding of the regionâs geologic, climatic, and vegetation history. The few sites that have produced vertebrate remains have been largely confined to dry caves and rockshelters in the surrounding region and a few open air archaeological sites. In southern Teton

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25

Black, Staci E. Spertzel. "Upland Rockshelters and Late Woodland Communities in the Hocking Valley, Southeastern Ohio." North American Archaeologist 31, no. 3 (2010): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.31.3-4.g.

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26

Gremillion, Kristen J. "Early Agricultural Diet in Eastern North America: Evidence from Two Kentucky Rockshelters." American Antiquity 61, no. 3 (1996): 520–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281838.

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Systematic quantitative analysis of desiccated human paleofeces from two rockshelters in eastern Kentucky has yielded new evidence for early agricultural diet in eastern North America. Results indicate that native cultigens (including sumpweed, sunflower, and chenopod) were sometimes significant dietary constituents as early as ca. 1000 B.C., at least a millennium before agricultural economies became widespread across the region. However, variability in the quantity and frequency of cultigen remains suggests a dietary role that was somewhat limited compared to the practices of later Woodland p

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27

Woodward, Jamie C., and Paul Goldberg. "The sedimentary records in Mediterranean rockshelters and caves: Archives of environmental change." Geoarchaeology 16, no. 4 (2001): 327–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.1007.

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28

Novák, Jan, Vojtěch Abraham, Petr Šída, and Petr Pokorný. "Holocene forest transformations in sandstone landscapes of the Czech Republic: Stand-scale comparison of charcoal and pollen records." Holocene 29, no. 9 (2019): 1468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619854510.

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Stand-scale palaeoecology in sandstone landscapes provides insight into contrasting Holocene forest succession trajectories. Sharp geomorphological gradients in this investigated area, which in addition have never been deforested during the Holocene, provide a good model for upscaling the local vegetation histories to the wider territory of Central Europe. In three sandstone areas – Bohemian Paradise, Polemené hory and Broumov – we compare (1) anthracological records from archaeological stratigraphies under rockshelters with (2) pedoanthracological sequences from nearby locations in valleys, r

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Mitchell, Peter, Ina Plug, Geoff Bailey, et al. "Beyond the drip-line: a high-resolution open-air Holocene hunter-gatherer sequence from highland Lesotho." Antiquity 85, no. 330 (2011): 1225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062025.

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The activities of hunter-gatherers are often captured in rockshelters, but here the authors present a study of a riverside settlement outside one, with a rich sequence from 1300 BC to AD 800. Thanks to frequent flooding, periods of occupation were sealed and could be examined in situ. The phytolith and faunal record, especially fish, chronicle changing climate and patterns of subsistence, emphasising that the story here is no predictable one-way journey from hunter-gatherer to farmer. Right up to the period of the famous nineteenth-century rock paintings in the surrounding Maloti-Drakensberg r

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30

Taçon, Paul S. C., Noel Hidalgo Tan, Sue O’Connor, et al. "The global implications of the early surviving rock art of greater Southeast Asia." Antiquity 88, no. 342 (2014): 1050–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00115315.

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The rock art of Southeast Asia has been less thoroughly studied than that of Europe or Australia, and it has generally been considered to be more recent in origin. New dating evidence from Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, however, demonstrates that the earliest motifs (hand stencils and naturalistic animals) are of late Pleistocene age and as early as those of Europe. The similar form of the earliest painted motifs in Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia suggests that they are the product of a shared underlying behaviour, but the difference in context (rockshelters) indicates that experiences

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31

Mondini, Mariana. "Use of rockshelters by carnivores in the Puna. Implications for hunter-gatherer archaeology." Before Farming 2005, no. 2 (2005): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2005.2.3.

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32

Bowdler, Sandra. "The excavation of two small rockshelters at Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, Western Australia." Australian Archaeology 40, no. 1 (1995): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1995.11681540.

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33

Beaton, J. M. "Excavations at Rainbow Cave and Wanderer's Cave: two rockshelters in the Carnarvon Range, Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 8 (January 1, 1991): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.8.1991.117.

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If the state of Queensland can be said to have true "uplands", then they are to be found in the southern and central region of the state in that place Archibald Meston (1895) called the "Home of the Rivers". There, some 400km inland from Australia's eastern coast and some 600km south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the uplifted and heavily weathered Triassic sandstones form a conspicuous link in the north-south trending mountains collectively referred to as "The Great Dividing Range". These ancient sandstones seldom rise above 650m elevation, and never more than the prominence of Black Alley Peak

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34

Smith, Pamela. "Dietary Stress or Cultural Practice: Fragmented Bones at the Puntutjarpa and Serpent’s Glen Rockshelters." Australian Archaeology 51, no. 1 (2000): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2000.11681683.

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35

Farrand, William R. "Sediments and stratigraphy in rockshelters and caves: A personal perspective on principles and pragmatics." Geoarchaeology 16, no. 5 (2001): 537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.1004.

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36

Schwarcz, H. P., and W. J. Rink. "Dating methods for sediments of caves and rockshelters with examples from the Mediterranean Region." Geoarchaeology 16, no. 4 (2001): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.1008.

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37

Anggraeni, Truman Simanjuntak, Peter Bellwood, and Philip Piper. "Neolithic foundations in the Karama valley, West Sulawesi, Indonesia." Antiquity 88, no. 341 (2014): 740–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00050663.

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Excavations at three open-air sites in the Karama valley of West Sulawesi have revealed similar suites of ceramics and overlapping chronologies. The pottery from the basal layers at Minanga Sipakko and Kamassi resembles that of the Philippines and Taiwan, and suggests the settlement of migrants from those areas, consistent with the theory of Austronesian expansion. The absence of the flaked lithic technology typical of earlier Sulawesi populations indicates that these two sites do not represent the indigenous adoption of Neolithic features. The Karama valley evidence underlines the importance,

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38

Cuthbertson, Patrick, Tobias Ullmann, Christian Büdel, et al. "Finding karstic caves and rockshelters in the Inner Asian mountain corridor using predictive modelling and field survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245170.

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The area of the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor (IAMC) follows the foothills and piedmont zones around the northern limits of Asia’s interior mountains, connecting two important areas for human evolution: the Fergana valley and the Siberian Altai. Prior research has suggested the IAMC may have provided an area of connected refugia from harsh climates during the Pleistocene. To date, this region contains very few secure, dateable Pleistocene sites, but its widely available carbonate units present an opportunity for discovering cave sites, which generally preserve longer sequences and organic rema

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Burns, Jonathan A. "What about Behavior?: Methodological Implications for Rockshelter Excavation and Spatial Analysis." North American Archaeologist 26, no. 3 (2005): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9q1b-utm1-khq1-lyny.

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Traditionally, archaeologists have used excavation data from Pennsylvania rockshelters to establish local and regional chronologies; however, these data sets do not lend themselves to behavioral or formational interpretations due to the scale of recovery resolution used. Behaviorally indicative evidence is apparent in contiguous block excavations using analytic units measuring 50 cm × 50 cm × 5 cm for lot collection. At least three specific behaviors—hunting gear maintenance, bone processing, and activity area maintenance—can be recovered from analytic units that result in structured spatial p

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Pettitt, Paul, Alfredo Maximiano Castillejo, Pablo Arias, Roberto Ontañón Peredo, and Rebecca Harrison. "New views on old hands: the context of stencils in El Castillo and La Garma caves (Cantabria, Spain)." Antiquity 88, no. 339 (2014): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00050213.

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Hand stencils are an intriguing feature of prehistoric imagery in caves and rockshelters in several parts of the world, and the recent demonstration that the oldest of those in Western Europe date back to 37 000 years or earlier further enhances their significance. Their positioning within the painted caves of France and Spain is far from random, but responds to the shapes and fissures in the cave walls. Made under conditions of low and flickering light, the authors suggest that touch—‘palpation’—as much as vision, would have driven and directed the locations chosen for these stencils. Detaile

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Carvajal-Contreras, Diana Rocío, Richard Cooke, and Máximo Jiménez. "Taphonomy at two contiguous coastal rockshelters in Panama: Preliminary observations focusing on fishing and curing fish." Quaternary International 180, no. 1 (2008): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.027.

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42

Beckett, Ronald G., Gerald J. Conlogue, Orlando V. Abinion, Analyn Salvador-Amores, and Dario Piombino-Mascali. "Human mummification practices among the Ibaloy of Kabayan, North Luzon, the Philippines." Papers on Anthropology 26, no. 2 (2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2017.26.2.03.

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The province of Benguet, situated in North Luzon, the Philippines, holds a large number of ancient mummified remains, mostly located within the municipality of Kabayan. Such bodies are mainly associated to the Ibaloy – one of the indigenous groups collectively known as Igorot – and are stored in natural rockshelters or caves carved into the stone, inside wooden coffins often obtained from hollowed pine tree segments. Recent inspections of some of these corpses, carried out in 2002 and 2012, indicated the nature of their mummification process as well as some details regarding their bioanthropol

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43

Wood, Jamie R. "Moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) nesting material from rockshelters in the semi‐arid interior of South Island, New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 38, no. 3 (2008): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014220809510550.

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Cuthbertson, Patrick, Tobias Ullmann, Christian Büdel, et al. "Correction: Finding karstic caves and rockshelters in the Inner Asian mountain corridor using predictive modelling and field survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0250142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250142.

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45

Harper, Sam, Ian Waina, Ambrose Chalarimeri, et al. "Metal burial: Understanding caching behaviour and contact material culture in Australia's NE Kimberley." Journal of Social Archaeology 21, no. 1 (2021): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605321993277.

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This paper explores identity and the recursive impacts of cross-cultural colonial encounters on individuals, cultural materials, and cultural practices in 20th-century northern Australia. We focus on an assemblage of cached metal objects and associated cultural materials that embody both Aboriginal tradition and innovation. These cultural materials were wrapped in paperbark and placed within a ring of stones, a bundling practice also seen in human burials in this region. This ‘cache' is located in close proximity to rockshelters with rich, superimposed Aboriginal rock art compositions. However

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Gutherz, Xavier, Jean-Paul Cros, and Joséphine Lesur. "The discovery of new rock paintings in the Horn of Africa: the rockshelters of Las Geel, Republic of Somaliland." Journal of African Archaeology 1, no. 2 (2003): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-100011.

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47

Jatmiko, Jatmiko. "GUA-GUA HUNIAN PRASEJARAH DI PULAU ROTE, INDONESIA TIMUR." Berkala Arkeologi 30, no. 1 (2010): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v30i1.383.

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This article is written based on the results of several archaeological investigations carried out by the National Research and Development Centre of Archaeology in prehistoric caves, in the Rotendao Regency on the Island of Rote, the Province of East Nusa Tenggara between 2006 - 2009. The investigations were focused on Mbia Hudale, Bafak, and Bote caves which are assumed to have prolific archaeological remains. Excavations on these caves reveal traces of human occupation dated back to Late Pleistocene - Holocene epoch. This is evident in the abundance of cultural remains found in these sites,

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Loyola, Rodrigo, Lautaro Núñez, and Isabel Cartajena. "Expanding the Edge: The Use of Caves and Rockshelters during the Late-Pleistocene Human Dispersal into the Central Atacama Highlands." PaleoAmerica 5, no. 4 (2019): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2019.1697919.

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Robledo, Andrés. "Wood resource exploitation by Late Holocene occupations in central Argentina: Fire making in rockshelters of the ongamira valley (Córdoba, Argentina)." Quaternary International 593-594 (August 2021): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.02.025.

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Kelly, Robert L., and Lawrence C. Todd. "Coming into the Country: Early Paleoindian Hunting and Mobility." American Antiquity 53, no. 2 (1988): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281017.

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Abstract:

Hunter-gatherer adaptations to long-term fluctuations in regional resource structure require mechanisms to cope with periodic subsistence stresses. Among documented groups, a common response to such stress is temporary movement into adjacent occupied areas-moving in with "relatives" when things go wrong. However, in the case of early (ca. 12,000-10,000 B.P.) Paleoindian groups in the Americas, the availability of neighboring groups with a detailed knowledge of local resource geography could not be relied upon. Post-Pleistocene environmental changes and the low initial population of the New Wor

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